1843 in science

none 1843 science 1843 The year 1843 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. thumb|Ada Lovelace, computing pioneer right|thumb|Plaque on Broom Bridge, Cabra, Dublin commemorating where William Rowan Hamilton inscribed his formula for quaternions thumb|Cyanotype photogram by Anna Atkins Astronomy March 11–14 – Eta Carinae flares to become the second brightest star. February 5–April 19 – "Great March Comet" observed. December 21 – The first total solar eclipse of Saros 139 occurs over southern Asia. Heinrich Schwabe reports a periodic change in the number of sunspots: they wax and wane in number according to a ten-year cycle. Chemistry Jean-Baptiste Dumas names lactose.Dumas (1843). Traité de Chimie, Appliquée aux Arts. 6 Paris: Bechet Jeune. p. 293. Carl Mosander discovers the chemical elements Terbium and Erbium.Carl Gustav Mosander - Oxford Reference https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100211520 www.oxfordreference.com 16 February 2020 en John J. Waterston produces an account of the kinetic theory of gases.Thoughts on the Mental Functions; being an attempt to treat metaphysics as a branch of the physiology of the nervous system Edinburgh Oliver & Boyd 1843 Alfred Bird produces single-acting baking powder.Matthew Cannon https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/incoming/alfred-bird-egg-free-custard-inventor-8040314 Alfred Bird: Egg-free custard inventor and chemist Birmingham Mail 2014-11-03 2018-02-25 Mathematics September – Ada Lovelace translates and expands Menabrea’s notes on Charles Babbage's analytical engine, including an algorithm for calculating a sequence of Bernoulli numbers, regarded as the world's first computer program.John Fuegi Jo Francis 40077111 Lovelace & Babbage and the creation of the 1843 'notes' IEEE Annals of the History of Computing 25 4 16–26 10.1109/MAHC.2003.1253887 October–December 2003http://cs-www.cs.yale.edu/homes/tap/Files/ada-bio.html Ada Byron, Lady Lovelace 2010-07-11 https://web.archive.org/web/20100721013509/http://cs-www.cs.yale.edu/homes/tap/Files/ada-bio.html 21 July 2010 liveMenabrea L. F. Luigi Federico Menabrea 1843 Sketch of the Analytical Engine Invented by Charles Babbage Scientific Memoirs 3 http://www.fourmilab.ch/babbage/sketch.html 2010-10-01 https://web.archive.org/web/20100913042032/http://www.fourmilab.ch/babbage/sketch.html 13 September 2010 live October 16 – William Rowan Hamilton discovers the calculus of quaternions and deduces that they are non-commutative.William Rowan Hamilton Plaque https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/347941 Geograph 2007 2011-03-08 Arthur Cayley and James Joseph Sylvester found the algebraic invariant theory. John T. Graves discovers the octonions. Pierre-Alphonse Laurent discovers and presents the Laurent expansion theorem. Physics James Prescott Joule experimentally finds the mechanical equivalent of heat.On the Mechanical Equivalent of Heat Joule J. P. Abstracts of the Papers Communicated to the Royal Society of London 1843 5 839 10.1098/rspl.1843.0196 free Ohm's acoustic law is proposed by German physicist Georg Ohm. Physiology and medicine April–May – English surgeon Benjamin Brodie extracts a coin lodged in the bronchus of engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel using novel methods.Brodie, Benjamin. "An account of a case in which a foreign body was lodged in the right bronchus." Paper to Royal Medical & Chirurgical Society 27 June 1843. British surgeon James Braid publishes Neurypnology: or the Rationale of Nervous Sleep, a key text in the history of hypnotism. Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr., argues that puerperal fever is spread by lack of hygiene in physicians."The Contagiousness of puerperal fever". New England Quarterly Journal of Medicine and Surgery. Technology March 25 – Completion of the Thames Tunnel, the first bored underwater tunnel in the world (engineer: Marc Isambard Brunel).Denis Smith London and the Thames Valley 17 London Thomas Telford 2001 978-0-7277-2876-0 July 19 – Launch of Great Britain, the first iron-hulled, propeller-driven ship to cross the Atlantic Ocean (designer: Isambard Kingdom Brunel).Royal Visit The Bristol Mirror 1–2 20 July 1843 November 21 – Thomas Hancock patents the vulcanisation of rubber using sulphur in the United Kingdom The steam powered rotary printing press is invented by Richard March Hoe in the United States.Meggs Philip B. Philip B. Meggs A History of Graphic Design Wiley 1998 3rd 147 978-0-471-29198-5 It receives 5199 in 1847 and is placed in commercial use the same year. Robert Stirling and his brother James convert a steam engine at a Dundee factory to operate as a Stirling engine. The first public telegraph line in the United Kingdom is laid between Paddington and Slough. Approximate date – Euphonium invented. Publications October – Anna Atkins begins publication of Photographs of British Algae: Cyanotype Impressions, a collection of contact printed cyanotype photograms of algae which forms the first book illustrated with photographic images.Parr Martin Gerry Badger The Photobook: a history, Volume I Phaidon 2004 London 978-0-7148-4285-1James Christopher The Book of Alternative Photographic Processes 2nd Delmar Cengage Learning 2009 Clifton Park, NY https://archive.org/details/bookofalternativ0000jame 978-1-4180-7372-5 2009-08-11 registrationNew York Public Library Seeing is Believing: 700 years of scientific and medical illustration Photography. Cyanotype photograph. Anna Atkins (1799-1871) 2001 1843 http://seeing.nypl.org/235bt.html 2009-08-11Peres Michael R. The Focal Encyclopedia of Photography: Digital Imaging, Theory and Applications, History, and Science 4th Elsevier/Focal Press 2007 Amsterdam; Boston 978-0-240-80740-9 Awards Copley Medal: Jean-Baptiste DumasCopley Medal British scientific award https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal Encyclopedia Britannica 16 February 2020 en Wollaston Medal for Geology: Jean-Baptiste Elie de Beaumont; Pierre Armand Dufrenoy Births January 13 – David Ferrier (died 1928), Scottish neurologist.33117 Ferrier, Sir David (1843–1928), neurologist Sherrington, C. S. Bevan, Michael https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-33117 16 February 2020 May 6 – G. K. Gilbert (died 1918), American geologist. June 12 – David Gill (died 1914), Scottish astronomer. June 23 – Paul Heinrich von Groth (died 1927), German mineralogist. July 24 – William de Wiveleslie Abney (died 1920), English astronomer. August 17 – Alexandre Lacassagne (died 1924), French forensic scientist. November 30 – Martha Ripley (died 1912), American physician.Ogilvie Marilyn Bailey Harvey Joy Dorothy Marilyn Bailey Ogilvie Joy Harvey The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science: L-Z 2000 Taylor & Francis 978-0-415-92040-7 1102 https://books.google.com/books?id=LTSYePZvSXYC&pg=PA1102 en December 11 – Robert Koch (died 1910), German physician, famous for the discovery of the tubercle bacillus (1882) and the cholera bacillus (1883) and for his development of Koch's postulates; awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1905 Adelaida Lukanina (died 1908), Russian chemist. Deaths July 25 – Charles Macintosh (born 1766), Scottish inventor of a waterproof fabric.Day Lance McNeil Ian Biographical Dictionary of the History of Technology 11 September 2002 Routledge 978-1-134-65019-4 786 https://books.google.com/books?id=FmoTeX3aGl4C&dq=Charles+Macintosh+29+december+1766&pg=PA786 en August 10 – Robert Adrain (born 1775), Irish American mathematician. September 11 – Joseph Nicollet (born 1786), French geographer, explorer, mathematician and astronomer. September 19 – Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis (born 1792), French mathematician and discoverer of the Coriolis effect. September 30 – Richard Harlan (born 1796), American zoologist. November 16 – Abraham Colles (born 1773), Anglo-Irish surgeon. References Category:19th century in science Category:1840s in science