1999 Bovenkarspel legionellosis outbreak

Outbreak of legionellosis in Bovenkarspel, the Netherlands March 202452 42 1.4 N 5 15 5 E type:landmark_region:NL title 1999 Bovenkarspel legionellosis outbreak Westfriese Flora Legionella pneumophila 01.jpg Legionella pneumophila bacterium Legionellaramp 1999 02 25 yes CNB Auction Hall Bovenkarspel, Netherlands Hot tub filled with water from long-inactive fire hose (at least) 32 206 The Bovenkarspel legionellosis outbreak (nl Legionellaramp; Legionella disaster) began on 25 February 1999 in Bovenkarspel, the Netherlands, and was one of the largest outbreaks of legionellosis in history.nl http://www.volkskrant.nl/vk/nl/2844/Archief/archief/article/detail/525339/1999/03/18/Een-van-de-grootste-uitbraken-in-de-geschiedenis.dhtml Een van de grootste uitbraken in de geschiedenis One of the largest outbreaks in history Gerbrand Feenstra De Volkskrant 18 March 1999 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20140819084648/https://www.volkskrant.nl/vk/nl/2844/Archief/archief/article/detail/525339/1999/03/18/Een-van-de-grootste-uitbraken-in-de-geschiedenis.dhtml 19 August 2014 With at least 32 dead and 206 severe infections, it was the deadliest legionellosis outbreak since the original 1976 outbreak in Philadelphia, United States. Between 19 and 28 February 1999, the Westfriese Flora took place in Bovenkarspel, one of the largest indoor flower exhibitions in the world (later the Holland Flowers Festival). A vendor had several recreational hot tubs on display, with one of them filled from a long-inactive fire hose and heated to 37 degrees Celsius (98.6 degrees Fahrenheit). In the water that had previously stagnated inside the hose, a very aggressive type of Legionella pneumophila bacterium had developed.Mahon Connie Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology 2014 Elsevier Health Sciences 9780323292610 416 https://books.google.com/books?id=rdDsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA416Cunha BA Burillo A Bouza E Legionnaires' disease. Lancet 23 January 2016 387 10016 376–85 26231463 10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60078-2 28047369 Although the Dutch Health Council had recommended treating whirlpool water with chlorine since 1986, this was not done with the affected hot tub, allowing the bacteria to spread. Stichting Veteranenziekte (2009). Legionella Leeft documentary. In 2001, the Regulation on Legionella Prevention in Drinking Water and Warm Tap Water came into effect to prevent further legionellosis outbreaks.Regeling legionellapreventie in drinkwater en warm tapwater. In October 2000, a memorial to the victims of the outbreak was unveiled in Bovenkarspel. Rasenberg, Esther (21 February 2019). "Twintig jaar na legionella-uitbraak in Bovenkarspel: Waar staan we nu?"] [Twenty years after the legionella outbreak in Bovenkarspel: Where are we now?] (in Dutch). References External links A Large Outbreak of Legionnaires’ Disease at a Flower Show, the Netherlands, 1999, Jeroen W. Den Boer, Ed P.F. Yzerman, Joop Schellekens et al., Emerging Infectious Diseases, Volume 8, Number 1—January 2002 The Westfriese Flora flower exhibition and fair, Legionnaires` Disease website nl 25 februari 1999: Legionellabesmetting Westfriese Flora, Bovenkarspel, Zwaailichten disaster website (archive) Category:Legionellosis Category:1999 in the Netherlands Category:1999 disease outbreaks Category:February 1999 in Europe Category:March 1999 in Europe Category:Disease outbreaks in the Netherlands Category:History of North Holland Category:1999 disasters in the Netherlands Category:Bovenkarspel