1989 Jamaican general election

none 1989 Jamaica general election Jamaica parliamentary no 1983 Jamaican general election 1983 1993 Jamaican general election 1993 All 60 seats in the Jamaica House of Representatives 1989 02 09 yes x150px Edward Seaga 23 November 1974 Jamaica Labour Party Kingston West 60 seats, 89.7% 60 15 45 362,589 43.3% 46.4% 400px Colours denote the winning party, as shown in the main table of results. x150px Michael Manley 1969 People's National Party Kingston East & Port Royal 0 seats (boycotted) 45 45 473,754 56.6% 56.6% Prime Minister Prime Minister after election Edward Seaga Jamaica Labour Party Michael Manley People's National Party General elections were held in Jamaica on 9 February 1989. The result was a landslide victory for the People's National Party, which won 45 of the 60 seats.Stone Carl 1989-08-01 The Jamaican general election of 1989 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0261379489900358 Electoral Studies 8 2 175–181 10.1016/0261-3794(89)90035-8 0261-3794 subscription Carl Stone (sociologist) Voter turnout was 78%.Dieter Nohlen (2005) Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I, p430 978-0-19-928357-6 They were the first seriously contested elections since 1980, as the PNP had boycotted the 1983 snap elections to protest the refusal of the ruling Jamaican Labour Party to update the electoral roll amid allegations of voter fraud. Prime Minister Edward Seaga announced the election date on 15 January at a rally in Kingston,https://www.nytimes.com/1989/01/17/world/jamaica-election-set-for-february.html JAMAICA ELECTION SET FOR FEBRUARY 17 January 1989 The New York Times 19 September 2016 with the emergency conditions caused by Hurricane Gilbert in 1988 forcing an extension of the parliamentary term beyond its normal five-year mandate.Tom Lansford (2014) Political Handbook of the World 2014, p717 1483333272 Campaign The election date and tone of the election were shaped in part by Hurricane Gilbert, which made landfall in September 1988 and decimated the island. The hurricane caused almost $1 billion worth of damage to the island, with banana and coffee crops wiped out and thousands of homes destroyed. Both parties engaged in campaigning through the distribution of relief supplies, a hallmark of the Jamaican patronage system. Political commentators noted that prior to the hurricane, Edward Seaga and the JLP trailed Michael Manley and the PNP by twenty points in opinion polls. The ability to provide relief as the party in charge allowed Seaga to improve his standing among voters and erode the inevitability of Manley's victory. However, scandals related to the relief effort cost Seaga and the JLP some of the gains made immediately following the hurricane. Scandals that emerged included National Security Minister Errol Anderson personally controlling a warehouse full of disaster relief supplies and candidate Joan Gordon-Webley distributing American-donated flour in sacks with her picture on them.https://www.nytimes.com/1988/11/27/magazine/showdown-in-jamaica.html Showdown in Jamaica 27 November 1988 The New York Times 19 September 2016 The election was characterized by a narrower ideological difference between the two parties on economic issues. Michael Manley facilitated his comeback campaign by moderating his leftist positions and admitting mistakes made as prime minister, saying he erred when he involved government in economic production and had abandoned all thoughts of nationalizing industry. He cited the PNP's desire to continue the market-oriented policies of the JLP government, but with a more participatory approach.Garrity, Michele and Picard, Louis A. "Policy Reform for Sustainable Development in the Caribbean", p. 39. 4274900991, 9784274900990. Prime Minister Edward Seaga ran on his record of economic growth and the reduction of unemployment in Jamaica, using the campaign slogan "Don't Let Them Wreck It Again" to refer to Manley's tenure as prime minister.http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1989-02-06/news/8901070618_1_michael-manley-minister-jamaica-labour-party Personalities Of Candidates Key Issue In Jamaica Election 19 September 2016 2016-09-19 https://web.archive.org/web/20160919230453/http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1989-02-06/news/8901070618_1_michael-manley-minister-jamaica-labour-party dead Seaga during his tenure as prime minister emphasized the need to tighten public sector spending and cut close to 27,000 public sector jobs in 1983 and 1984.http://mobile.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20100314/arts/arts4.php Jamaica Gleaner News - On development and losing elections - Sunday | March 14, 2010 Mobile.jamaica-gleaner.com 2016-09-24 He shifted his plans as elections neared with a promise to spend J$1 billion on a five-year Social Well-Being Programme, which would build new hospitals and schools in Jamaica.http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20040111/focus/focus5.html Jamaica Gleaner - Missed opportunities: From old partners to new partnerships - Sunday | January 11, 2004 2015-05-07 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20140714222246/http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20040111/focus/focus5.html 2014-07-14 Foreign policy also played a role in the 1989 election. Prime Minister Edward Seaga emphasized his relations with the United States, a relationship which saw Jamaica receiving considerable economic aid from the U.S and additional loans from international institutions.http://sites.middlebury.edu/themoderncaribbean/files/2011/02/JamiacaunderSeaga.pdf The United States and Jamaica: Playing the American Card Ronald T. Libby Latin American Perspectives 17 Caribbean Crisis and Global Restructuring 1990 86–109 2014-07-09 2014-07-14 https://web.archive.org/web/20140714115450/http://sites.middlebury.edu/themoderncaribbean/files/2011/02/JamiacaunderSeaga.pdf dead Manley pledged better relations with the United States while at the same time pledging to restore diplomatic relations with Cuba that had been cut under Seaga. With Manley as prime minister, Jamaican-American relations had significantly frayed as a result of Manley's economic policies and close relations with Cuba.http://countrystudies.us/caribbean-islands/36.htm Jamaica - Relations with the United States, Britain, and Canada 19 September 2016 The personalities of the two party leaders helped shape the 1989 campaign. While Seaga was portrayed as a good manager with a cold public demeanor, Manley was perceived as a person with suspect managerial skills but exceptional personal magnetism. Seaga summarized the two personalities by saying, "Some people prefer to have a husband who will provide for them and give them security. Others are looking for a lover to give them joy." Results File:Jamaican Parliament 1989.svg People's National Party 473754 45 +45 Jamaica Labour Party 362589 15 –45 Independents 628 0 0 0 8514 1078760 Nohlen By constituency ConstituencyJamaica Labour PartyPeople's National PartyIndependentsCandidateVotes%CandidateVotes%CandidateVotes% Kingston Western Edward Seaga11,74481.79 Clinton Davy2,61518.21 Kingston Central Olivia Grange5,75843.02 Ralph Brown7,62756.98 Kingston East & Port Royal Granclett Cadienhead2,39219.17 Michael Manley10,08480.83 St. Andrew West Rural Kenneth Baugh8,07449.70 Claude Clarke8,17050.30 St. Andrew Western Lee R. Clarke7,22341.13 Onel Williams10,29858.64 Don Jenkins400.23 St. Andrew West Central Ferdinand Yap10,45844.39 Arnold Nicholson13,10255.61 St. Andrew East Central Merlene Heholt4,08826.61 Arthur Jones11,27673.39 St. Andrew South Western Royland Williams3962.09 Portia Simpson18,57797.91 St. Andrew Southern Earlston Spencer5,09225.60 Hartley E. Jones14,79874.40 St. Andrew South Eastern Ryan G. Peralto5,37145.41 Easton W.X. Douglas6,44454.48 Jasmin A. Brown140.12 St. Andrew Eastern Edmund Bartlett6,80254.85 Oswald S. Seymour5,59945.15 St. Andrew North Central Karl Samuda7,01757.70 Shirley-Ann Eaton5,14442.30 St. Andrew North Western Derrick C. Smith5,39251.10 Jepthah V. Ford5,15948.90 St. Andrew East Rural Joan Gordon-Webley6,68651.10 Emerson Barrett7,07048.90 St. Thomas Western Errol Anderson9,39054.55 Ronald G. Lampart7,82245.45 St. Thomas Eastern Pearnel Charles7,93051.12 Franklyn Sephestine7,46248.10 Roosevelt S. Barrant1220.79 Portland Eastern Dennis M. Wright6,42642.21 H. Sam Lawrence8,79957.79 Portland Western St. Clair O. Shirley5,97746.60 Errol F. Ennis6,84853.40 St. Mary South Eastern Alva Ross6,47646.94 Harry G. Douglas7,31953.06 St. Mary Central Neville G. Murray4,16631.68 Horace A. Clarke8,98368.32 St. Mary Western Hyacinth M. Knight6,52041.77 Terrence D. Gillette9,08958.23 St. Ann South Eastern Kern Christian3,29026.65 Seymour Mullings9,05673.35 St. Ann North Eastern Patricia Pink6,22739.51 Norman Manley9,53260.49 St. Ann North Western Ernest A. Smith6,63946.35 Burchell Whiteman7,68453.65 St. Ann South Western Neville Gallimore6,91659.45 Newton Richards4,71740.55 Trelawny Northern Keith E. Russell6,87440.49 Desmond Leakey10,10359.51 Trelawny Southern Brascoe L. Lee5,66249.24 Lyndel L. Frater5,83750.76 St. James East Central Godfrey G. Dyer4,59844.84 Violet Neilson5,65655.16 St. James North Western Charles E. Sinclair6,10841.10 Carl E. Miller8,75358.90 St. James West Central Winston Watt5,16540.30 Patrick Rose-Green7,65159.70 St. James Southern Ephraim A. Morgan3,85831.39 Derrick F.L. Kellier7,98064.93 Princess E. Vernon4523.68 Hanover Eastern Franklin D. Jackson5,26944.02 Aston S. King6,70055.98 Hanover Western Horace Chang6,09641.54 Benjamin A.L. Clare8,57858.46 Westmoreland Western Russell O. Hammond4,33533.12 Kenneth McNeill8,75566.88 Westmoreland Central Carlton C.C. Jones4,32435.03 Enoch C.K. Blythe8,02164.97 Westmoreland North Eastern Astil Sangster4,33137.47 Headly Cunningham7,22962.53 Westmoreland South Eastern Percival LaTouche3,99936.00 P.J. Patterson7,10864.00 St. Elizabeth North Western Neville B. Lewis6,65652.13 Caswell Daley6,11147.87 St. Elizabeth North Eastern Hugh A. Dawes5,43337.53 Sydney R. Pagon9,04262.47 St. Elizabeth South Western Derrick Sangster6,47846.41 Donald B. Buchanan7,47953.59 St. Elizabeth South Eastern Jeremy A. Palmer6,14442.95 Derrick A. Rochester8,16257.05 Manchester Southern Lloyd G. Bent5,60439.41 Douglas Manley8,61560.59 Manchester Central Cecil Charlton6,65547.41 John Junor7,38452.59 Manchester North Western Stafford S. Haughton4,42036.21 Dean A. Peart7,78763.79 Manchester North Eastern Audley Shaw6,86649.25 Calvin S. Lyn7,07650.75 Clarendon North Western Clifton Stone6,67547.63 Carl Marshall7,33952.37 Clarendon Northern J.A.G. Smith6,13546.65 Horace Daley7,01553.35 Clarendon North Central Errol A. Dunkley6,42956.77 N.C. Bachelor4,89543.23 Clarendon Central Lester Michael Henry6,76851.85 Donna Marie Scott-Bhoorasingh6,28648.15 Clarendon South Western Arthur H.W. Williams4,78836.56 Orville D. Ramtallie8,30763.46 Clarendon South Eastern Hugh Shearer7,29950.01 Emanuel Cousins7,29549.99 St. Catherine North Western John Franklyn3,95930.78 Robert D. Pickersgill8,90459.22 St. Catherine South Western Michael A. Williams7,04444.88 Rudyard E. Lawson8,65255.22 St. Catherine Southern Thomas Tavares-Finson7,84848.52 Hugh Small8,32551.48 St. Catherine Central Bruce Golding12,06263.77 Vincent L. Edwards6,85236.23 St. Catherine South Eastern Jeanette Grant-Woodham5,65140.83 Carl Rattray8,18959.17 St. Catherine East Central Ruby C. Walcott5,07034.22 Keith D. St. A. Knight9,74465.78 St. Catherine West Central Enid Bennett6,34054.70 Enoch L. Blake5,25045.30 St. Catherine North Eastern Anthony S.R. Johnson5,74055.49 Phyllis Mitchell4,60444.51Source: Electoral Commission of Jamaica References General Category:General elections in Jamaica Jamaica