-mastix

English language suffix September 2019 -mastix is a suffix derived from Ancient Greek, and used quite frequently in English literature of the 17th century, to denote a strong opponent or hater of whatever the suffix was attached to. It became common after Thomas Dekker's play Satiromastix of 1602.Robin Robbins The Complete Poems of John Donne https://books.google.com/books?id=E_nJAwAAQBAJ&pg=RA3-PA45 6 June 2014 Taylor & Francis 978-1-317-86203-1 3 note 14 The word grc μάστιξ (grc mastix) translates as whip or scourge.https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=ma%2Fstic&la=greek&can=ma%2Fstic0 Greek Word Study Tool: μάστιξ 13 June 2016 A well-known example is the 1632 book Histriomastix by William Prynne, against theatre, which caused legal proceedings against him because of perceived allusion to Queen Henrietta Maria. The title itself was not novel, and occurred in a late Elizabethan play Histrio-Mastix, subtitle The Player Whipped, by John Marston. Scholars have noted that the -mastix suffix is associated with Marston.Charles Cathcart Marston, Rivalry, Rapprochement, and Jonson https://books.google.com/books?id=-SsfDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA9 6 May 2016 Routledge 978-1-317-10018-8 9 In a paper war of 1604–7 between Andrew Willet and Richard Parkes, part of the Descensus controversy, the formation of terms with -mastix as suffix was discussed, Willet having initially addressed Parkes in a pamphlet Limbo-mastix. Parkes affected to be unimpressed with the play on limbo, and Willet coined Loidoromastix for him, a "scourge for a railer". By 1623 and the Latin play Fucus Histriomastix the formation of hybrid words, Dog Latin and literary nonsense with the suffix seems to have been established.Roslyn Lander Knutson Playing Companies and Commerce in Shakespeare's Time https://books.google.com/books?id=_Mqurh3QxoYC&pg=PA99 26 July 2001 Cambridge University Press 978-1-139-42837-8 99 The term had apparently become generic for satire by the 1660s, when schoolboys wrote "a mastix" against the schoolmaster Thomas Grantham.Grantham, Thomas (d.1664) 22 Other forms The Greek genitive form mastigos gives rise to a botanical prefix mastigo-;Umberto Quattrocchi CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology https://books.google.com/books?id=kaN-hLL-3qEC&pg=PA1628 17 November 1999 CRC Press 978-0-8493-2677-6 1628 the suffix -mastix or -mastyx also occurs in botanical use for the whip form, for example in Uromastix.http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/220570 Oxford English Dictionary, uroˈmastix, n. Oxford English Dictionary 16 June 2016 The plural form of the suffix is -mastiges, for example "Francomastiges" from "Francomastix", a term used by Guillaume Budé.fr Claude Gauvard Jean-Louis Robert Être parisien: actes du colloque organisé par l'Ecole doctorale d'histoire de l'Université Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne et la Fédération des Sociétés historiques et archéologiques de Paris-Île-de-France, 26-28 septembre 2002 https://books.google.com/books?id=eIT_eMpTQmYC&pg=PA307 2005 Publications de la Sorbonne 978-2-85944-514-0 307 note 1 Classical Latin and Greek To form the title Histrio-mastix, Marston innovated by drawing on the nickname Homeromastix (Scourge of Homer) given to the Greek critic of Homer, Zoilus of Amphipolis. Bednarz notes that the reputation of Zoilus was as a hyper-critical commentator, and that Marston appears to have accepted the note of excess in his self-identification as Theriomastix.James P. Bednarz, Writing and Revenge: John Marston's "Histriomastix", Comparative Drama Vol. 36, No. 1/2 (Spring/Summer 2002), pp. 21–51, at p. 36. Published by: Comparative Drama. 41154108 The story of Zoilus is referenced by Ovid in his Remedium Amoris.Alan Ford John McCafferty The Origins of Sectarianism in Early Modern Ireland https://books.google.com/books?id=r-l-shEDzG4C&pg=PA222 8 December 2005 Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-83755-2 222 Two Latin writers took -mastix names to indicate that they were harsh critics in the tradition of Zoilus, Carvilius Pictor ("Aeneidomastix", from The Aeneid of Virgil), and Largus Licinius as "Ciceromastix" from the author Cicero.Caroline Bishop Classical Commentaries: Explorations in a Scholarly Genre https://books.google.com/books?id=11nhCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA385 3 February 2016 Oxford University Press 978-0-19-968898-2 385 note 20 Grammaticomastix is a Latin poem by Ausonius, a writer of the Late Antique, who adopted the style from Carvilius.Ernst Robert Curtius European Literature and the Latin Middle Ages https://books.google.com/books?id=V5qRZ0mUKe8C&pg=PA285 21 July 2013 Princeton University Press 978-1-4008-4615-3 285Hans Helander Neo-latin Literature in Sweden in the Period 1620-1720: Stylistics, Vocabulary & Characteristic Ideas https://books.google.com/books?id=rQqFjgEACAAJ&pg=PA129 2004 Uppsala Univ. Library 978-91-554-6114-0 128–9 Examples from Early Modern Latin literature Bezamastix, from Theodore BezaRené Hoven Lexique de La Prose Latine de La Renaissance https://books.google.com/books?id=2Mh5zBjYywAC&pg=PA39 1994 BRILL 978-90-04-09656-1 39 Capniomastix, scourge of Capnio, i.e., Johann Reuchlin, applied to Johannes PfefferkornFranz Posset Johann Reuchlin (1455-1522): A Theological Biography 13 November 2015 De Gruyter 978-3-11-041880-4 Erasmomastix, from Desiderius ErasmusRené Hoven Lexique de La Prose Latine de La Renaissance https://books.google.com/books?id=2Mh5zBjYywAC&pg=PA127 1994 Brill 978-90-04-09656-1 127 Hebraeomastix by Jerome of Santa FeNewman Louis Jewish Influence on Christian Reform Movements AMS Press 1966 New York 553 Heluetiomastix, scourge of the SwissRené Hoven Lexique de La Prose Latine de La Renaissance https://books.google.com/books?id=2Mh5zBjYywAC&pg=PA159 1994 Brill 978-90-04-09656-1 159 Huttenomastix, scourge of Ulrich von HuttenRené Hoven Lexique de La Prose Latine de La Renaissance https://books.google.com/books?id=2Mh5zBjYywAC&pg=PA164 1994 Brill 978-90-04-09656-1 164 stauromastix, scourge of the CrossRené Hoven Lexique de La Prose Latine de La Renaissance https://books.google.com/books?id=2Mh5zBjYywAC&pg=PA341 1994 Brill 978-90-04-09656-1 341 English satire revival of the 1590s Three noted English poets were writing satirical verse by the later 1590s: John Donne, Joseph Hall, and John Marston. Donne used a -mastix construction, "female-mastix", to refer to Baptista Mantuanus (Mantuan), reputedly a misogynist based on his fourth eclogue, in his Elegy XIV.John Donne Delphi Complete Poetical Works of John Donne (Illustrated) https://books.google.com/books?id=LGYbAgAAQBAJ&pg=PP111 17 November 2013 Delphi Classics 978-1-908909-76-3 111John Donne Albert James Smith The Complete English Poems https://books.google.com/books?id=nHhaAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA435 1974 Allen Lane 978-0-7139-0571-7 435 note to line 14 Hall's Virgidemiarum Six Bookes of 1597–8 contains a boast that he was the first English satirist; virgidemia translates from Latin as a "harvest of rods".Kirk Freudenburg The Cambridge Companion to Roman Satire https://books.google.com/books?id=RISu-AsV_00C&pg=PA253 12 May 2005 Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-80359-5 253https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=virgidemia&la=la Latin Word Study Tool: virgidemia 14 June 2016 The revival of satire lasted until the Bishops' Ban of 1599, in which the ecclesiastical authorities clamped down, with book burning applied to works of Everard Guilpin, Marston, William Rankins and others. thumb|The Scourge of Folly, 1610 title page of a work by John Davies of Hereford Marston and Histrio-mastix The years following the Bishops' Ban saw the War of the Theatres, as satire took to the stage. The cluster of plays The Scourge of Villanie (John Marston, pseudonym taken "Theriomastix", i.e. scourge of the beast), Histrio-Mastix, Satiromastix, and Every Man out of His Humour by Ben Jonson (which references Histrio-Mastix), has also been associated with the bookseller Thomas Thorpe.Roslyn Lander Knutson Playing Companies and Commerce in Shakespeare's Time https://books.google.com/books?id=_Mqurh3QxoYC&pg=PA98 26 July 2001 Cambridge University Press 978-1-139-42837-8 98 The literary convention that the satirist could wield a whip against "vice" was active at the period in other titles, such as The Whippinge of the Satyre (1601) by John Weever, against the excesses of satire, an anonymous work taken to be aimed at Marston and Jonson, among others. Nicholas Breton's No Whippinge, nor Trippinge: but a kinde friendly Snippinge was a reply of the same year, from another of the presumed targets of Weever.Gary A. Schmidt Renaissance Hybrids: Culture and Genre in Early Modern England https://books.google.com/books?id=fufsCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT248 8 April 2016 Routledge 978-1-317-06651-4 248 note 11Arthur F. Kinney Thomas W. Copeland Arthur F. Kinney, David W. Swain, Eugene D. Hill, and William A. Long Tudor England: An Encyclopedia https://books.google.com/books?id=nHasAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA624 17 November 2000 Routledge 978-1-136-74530-0 624 Usage The Oxford English Dictionary notes that most cases of -mastix compounds are nonce words. Its earliest example, for English, is musomastix, of the late 16th century; in Latin polemics of that period these formations were common. Besides expressing the idea of a hostile opponent, book titles were formed "in which an idea, person, or class of persons is satirized or denounced".http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/114824#eid37772505 Oxford English Dictionary, -mastix, comb. form Oxford English Dictionary 14 June 2016 Examples from English literature Other uses are: Papisto mastix, or, The Protestants Religion Defended (1606), by William Middleton18685 Carole Levin Middleton, William Atheomastix; clearing foure truthes, against atheists and infidels (1622), by Martin Fotherby9974 Penelope Rundle Fotherby, Martin Zoilomastix, short title for Vindiciae Hibernicae contra Giraldum Cambrensem et alios vel Zoilomastigos (1622) by Philip O'Sullivan Beare. O'Sullivan wrote also a Tenebriomastix, and an Archicornigeromastix against James Ussher.20913 Toby Barnard O'Sullivan Beare, Philip Profanomastix (1639), anti-Puritan work by John Swan38039 Bernard Capp Swan, John Antibrownistus Puritanomastix, pseudonym under which three royalist speeches of 1642 were published.Zachary Lesser Renaissance Drama and the Politics of Publication: Readings in the English Book Trade https://books.google.com/books?id=Wfr3vT-g-2YC&pg=PA98 18 November 2004 Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-84252-5 98 note 56 Aerio Mastix, or a Vindication of the Apostolicall and generally received Government of the Church of Christ by Bishops, Oxford, 1643, by John Theyer27178 Robert J. Haines Theyer, John Chiliasto-mastix; or, The prophecies in the Old and New Testament (1644), by Alexander PetrieAlexander Petrie Robert Maton Chiliasto-mastix; or, The prophecies in the Old and New Testament concerning the kingdome of ... Iesus Christ, vindicated from the misinterpretationes of the millenaries and specially of mr. Maton in ... Israels redemption https://books.google.com/books?id=5gIDAAAAQAAJ 1644 Mercurio-Coelico mastix (1644), by Sir George Wharton, 1st Baronet29165 Bernard Capp Wharton, Sir George Astrologo-Mastix (1646) by John GereeGeree, John 21 Hagiomastix, or, The Scourge of the Saints (1647), by John Goodwin10994 Tai Liu Goodwin, John and anonymous reply Moro-mastix: Mr Iohn Goodwin whipt with his own rod (1647)John Coffey John Goodwin and the Puritan Revolution: Religion and Intellectual Change in Seventeenth-century England https://books.google.com/books?id=1iEwu2dA_5AC&pg=PA146 1 June 2008 Tamesis Books 978-1-84383-428-1 146– Pseudo-mastix (1650, printed 1888) by Michael LemprièreLemprière, Michael 33 Smectymnuo-mastix, or Short Animadversions upon Smectymnuus (1651), by Hamon L'EstrangeL'Estrange, Hamon (1605-1660) 33 Alazono-Mastix; Or, the Character of a Cockney in a Satyricall Poem (1651), by Junius Anonymus; see Alazon for the reference to an imposter. This poem on London apprentices was discussed in the Retrospective Review.Henry Southern Sir Nicholas Harris Nicolas Retrospective Review: And Historical and Antiquarian Magazine https://books.google.com/books?id=o_FgAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA328 1823 C. and H. Baldwyn 328 It is not connected with the pseudonym "Alazonomastix Philalethes" used at the same period by Henry More in controversy with Thomas Vaughan ("Eugenius Philalethes").19181 Sarah Hutton More, HenryDaniel Clifford Fouke The Enthusianstical Concerns of Dr. Henry More: Religious Meaning and the Psychology of Delusion https://books.google.com/books?id=nJkKJuCQvzIC&pg=PA97 1 January 1997 BRILL 978-90-04-10600-0 97 Mercurius Mastix (1652), attributed to Samuel Sheppard25347 Andrew King Sheppard, Samuel Histrio-mastix. A Whip for Webster (1654), against John Webster, and Chiliastomastix redivivus: ... a Confutation of the Millenarian Opinion (1657), against Nathaniel Holmes, by Thomas HallHall, Thomas (1610-1665) 2411990 C. D. Gilbert Hall, Thomas Virtuoso-mastix, applied in 1671 by Joseph Glanvill to Henry Stubbe.http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/233581 Oxford English Dictionary, virtuoso-mastix, n. Oxford English Dictionary 16 June 2016 Rogero Mastix, a Rod for William Rogers (1685), by Thomas EllwoodThomas Ellwood Joseph Wyeth The History of the Life of Thomas Ellwood: Or an Account of His Birth, Education, &c... https://archive.org/details/historylifethom02wyetgoog 1838 Isaac T. Hopper 170Ellwood, Thomas 17 Tolando-pseudologo-mastix, an Answer to Toland's "Hypatia" (anon.), 1721, by John KingKing, John (1652-1732) 31 Zoilomastix, or, A Vindication of Milton from All the Invidious Charges of Mr William Lauder (1747) by Richard Richardson, against the forger William Lauder16121 Paul Baine Lauder, William Medico-mastix (anon.), 1771, by Ralph SchombergSchomberg, Raphael 50 Sæculo-Mastix, or the Lash of the Age we live In (1818) by Francis Hodgson, verse containing criticism of the poetry of Lord Byron, and praise for Alexander PopeGeorge Gordon Byron Baron Byron Leslie Alexis Marchand Born for Opposition https://books.google.com/books?id=aEwXzeWE5kkC&pg=PA112 1978 Harvard University Press 978-0-674-08948-8 112 note 5 Hiero-Mastix, a satire (1828), prompted by the Apocrypha controversy "Scriblero-mastix" (1846), a coinage of Christopher NorthJohn Wilson John Wilson (Scottish writer) Specimens of the British Critics https://books.google.com/books?id=AnxaAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA271 1846 Carey and Hart 271 Notes External links mastix mastix