1841 in science

none 1841 science 1841 The year 1841 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Biology Rev. Miles Joseph Berkeley demonstrates that Phytophthora infestans (potato blight) is a fungal infection. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, first open to the publicPalmer Alan Palmer Veronica 1992 The Chronology of British History Century Ltd London 264–266 0-7126-5616-2 and William Hooker appointed director. John Gould begins publication of A Monograph of the Macropodidae, or Family of Kangaroos. Chemistry Theobromine is first discovered in cacao beans by Russian chemist Alexander Woskresensky.Woskresensky A. 1842 Über das Theobromin Liebigs Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie 41 125–127 10.1002/jlac.18420410117 https://zenodo.org/record/1426965Ernst von Bibra https://books.google.com/books?id=EWqhC4djXSQC&q=Theobromine+1841&pg=PA67 Plant Intoxicants 2011-04-13 67 9780892814985 February 1995 Uranium is first isolated, by Eugène-Melchior Péligot. Chemical Society of London founded by Thomas Graham. Reinsch test for heavy metals discovered by Hugo Reinsch.10.1002/prac.18410240132 Ueber das Verhalten des metallischen Kupfers zu einigen Metalllösungen 1841 Reinsch H. Journal für praktische Chemie 24 244–250 https://zenodo.org/record/1427788 Exploration January 27 – The active volcano Mount Erebus in Antarctica is discovered and named by James Clark Ross.Ross, Voyage to the Southern Seas, 1, pp. 216–8. January 28 – Ross discovers the "Victoria Barrier", later known as the Ross Ice Shelf. Ross additionally discovers the Ross Sea, Victoria Land and Mount Terror. Geology Hugh Miller publishes The Old Red Sandstone. The first comprehensive geological map of France is published by Dufrénoy and Élie de Beaumont, the result of thirteen years of investigations. Human sciences November 13 – Scottish surgeon James Braid attends his first demonstration of animal magnetism (given by Charles Lafontaine in Manchester, England) which leads to Braid's study of the subject he eventually calls hypnotism. Mathematics Prussian mathematician Karl Weierstrass discovers but does not publish the Laurent expansion theorem. English mathematician William Rutherford calculates an approximation of π to 208 decimal places of which the first 152 are correct. Physiology and medicine Platelets are first described from microscopic observation by George Gulliver. Technology February – H. Fox Talbot obtains a patent in the United Kingdom for the calotype process in photography.The Hutchinson Factfinder Helicon 1999 1-85986-000-1 April 16 – Loring Coes patents the screw type wrench commonly known as the monkey wrench in the United States. April 24 – Squire Whipple patents the iron bowstring arch through truss bridge in the United States.2064 Draughtsman William Howe and pattern-maker William Williams of Robert Stephenson and Company in Newcastle upon Tyne originate Stephenson valve gear for the steam locomotive. Joseph Whitworth introduces the British Standard Whitworth system of screw threads in his paper On a Uniform System of Screw Threads. American artist John G. Rand invents the collapsible zinc oil paint tube, marketed by Winsor & Newton of London.Painting Inventions http://www.humanitiesweb.org/human.php?s=g&p=a&a=i&ID=980 Humanities Web 2001-01-06 2011-08-07 Awards Copley Medal: Georg OhmCopley Medal British scientific award https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal Encyclopedia Britannica 22 July 2020 en Wollaston Medal: Adolphe Theodore Brongniart Births January 29 – Henry Morton Stanley (died 1904), explorer, journalist. February 2 – François-Alphonse Forel (died 1912), pioneer in the study of lakes. February 4 – Clément Ader (died 1926), engineer and inventor, airplane pioneer. February 24 – Carl Gräbe, (died 1927) chemist. March 6 – Alfred Cornu (died 1902), physicist. August 4 – W. H. Hudson (died 1922), naturalist. August 25 – Emil Theodor Kocher (died 1917), 1909 winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine October 12 – Joseph O'Dwyer (died 1898), physician October 26 – Theodor von Oppolzer (died 1886), astronomer. November 3 – Eugen Warming (died 1924), botanist and founder of ecology. December 29 – Rosalie Fougelberg (d. 1911), Swedish dentist Deaths April 22 – Charles Barbier, inventor of a method of writing for the blind that was the inspiration for Braille. May 16 – Marie Boivin, French midwife, inventor and obstetrics writer (born 1773) May 31 – George Green (born 1793), English mathematician. August 18 – Louis de Freycinet (born 1779), explored coastal regions of Western Australia. September 9 – Augustin Pyramus de Candolle (born 1778), Swiss botanist. October 28 – Johan August Arfwedson (born 1792), Swedish chemist. References Category:19th century in science Category:1840s in science