1814–15 United States Senate elections

none March 2026 January 2025 1814–15 United States Senate elections United States 1795 legislative no 1812–13 United States Senate elections 1812 & 1813 1816–17 United States Senate elections 1816 & 1817 Class 1 1808–09 United States Senate elections 1808 & 1809 1820–21 United States Senate elections 1820 & 1821 12 of the 36 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 19 Dates vary by state 100px Seats up Democratic-Republican Party 28 seats 26 5 22 3 8 Federalist Party 8 seats 10 5 11 1 4 Majority party Democratic-Republican Party Democratic-Republican Party File:1814senatemap.svg Results:#f2bfa6 Federalist hold #e27036 Federalist gain#bef3be Dem-Republican hold #000000ff Legislature failed to elect The 1814–15 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1814 and 1815, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/17th-amendment 17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913) National Archives and Records Administration February 8, 2022 In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 1. The Democratic-Republican Party lost a seat but still retained their overwhelming Senate majority. Unlike in recent elections, the minority Federalist Party had gone into the elections with a chance of regaining their long-lost majority had they swept almost all the seats. However, only one seat switched parties. Two seats held by Democratic-Republicans were left unfilled until long after the next Congress began. Change in composition Before the elections Composition after June 1814 special election in New Hampshire. DR8 DR7 DR6 DR5 DR4 DR3 DR2 DR1 DR9 DR10 DR11 DR12 DR13 DR14 DR15 DR16 DR17 DR18 Majority → DR19Md. MarylandUnknown F9Mass. Massachusetts (reg)Ran F10R.I. Rhode IslandRan DR26Va. VirginiaRan DR25Vt. VermontRetired DR24Tenn. Tennessee (reg)Retired DR23Pa. PennsylvaniaRan DR22Ohio (reg)Retired DR21N.Y. New YorkUnknown DR20N.J. New JerseyRan F8Del. DelawareRan F7Conn. ConnecticutRan F6 F5 F4 F3 F2 F1 Result of the regular elections DR8 DR7 DR6 DR5 DR4 DR3 DR2 DR1 DR9 DR10 DR11 DR12 DR13 DR14 DR15 DR16 DR17 DR18 Majority → DR19N.J. New JerseyHold F9Mass. Massachusetts (reg)Re-elected F10R.I. Rhode IslandRe-elected F11Vt. VermontGain V1Tenn. Tennessee (reg)DR Loss V2Md. MarylandDR Loss DR23Va. VirginiaHold DR22Pa. Pennsylvania (reg)Re-elected DR21Ohio (reg)Hold DR20N.Y. New YorkHold F8Del. DelawareRe-elected F7Conn. ConnecticutRe-elected F6 F5 F4 F3 F2 F1 Key DR# Democratic-Republican F# Federalist V# Vacant Race summaries Except when noted, number following candidates is whole number votes. Special elections during the preceding Congress In these special elections, the winner was elected during 1814 or before March 4, 1815; ordered by election date. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoralhistory Pennsylvania(Class 3) Michael Leib Democratic-Republican 1809 (special)1808 Incumbent resigned to become Postmaster of Philadelphia.New senator elected February 24, 1814.U.S. Senate Election - February 24, 1814 http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox/sen/PaSen1814A.pdf Wilkes University December 21, 2012Democratic-Republican hold.Winner was never seated due to a failure to qualify. Democratic-Republican Party Jonathan Roberts (Democratic-Republican) 82 Democratic-Republican PartyThomas Sergeant (Democratic-Republican) 23 Federalist PartyHorace Binney (Federalist) 8 Federalist PartyJohn Steele (Federalist) 1 Democratic-Republican PartyHoratio Gates Jones (Democratic-Republican) 1 Federalist PartyIsaac Wayne (Federalist) 1 Not voting 10 New Hampshire(Class 2) Nicholas Gilman Democratic-Republican 18041810 Incumbent died May 4, 1814.New senator elected June 24, 1814.Federalist gain. Federalist Party Thomas W. Thompson (Federalist) 93 Democratic-Republican PartySamuel Bell (Democratic-Republican) 80 Scattering 5 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 25, 2018 New Hampshire 1814 U.S. Senate, Special https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nh.ussenator.1814 November 13, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20191113234143/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nh.ussenator.1814 dead , citing Concord Gazette (Concord, NH). June 28, 1814. Turner, Lynn Warren. The Ninth State: New Hampshire's Formative Years. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press, 1983. 292. Ohio(Class 1) Thomas Worthington Democratic-Republican 18031807 (retired)1810 (special) Incumbent resigned to become Governor of Ohio.New senator elected December 10, 1814 on the fourth ballot.Democratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican Party Joseph Kerr (Democratic-Republican) 42 Democratic-Republican PartyBenjamin Ruggles (Democratic-Republican) 36 UnknownDuncan MacArthur (Unknown) 1 UnknownDavid Purviance (Unknown) 1 Ohio in Congress from 1803 to 1901 with Notes and Sketches of Senators and Representatives and Other Historical Data and Incidents Taylor William A. 1900 98–99 The XX. Century Publishing Co. Columbus, Ohio Taylor https://archive.org/details/ohioincongressfr00tayl Internet Archive Kentucky(Class 2) George Walker Democratic-Republican 1814 (appointed) Interim appointee retired.New senator elected December 16, 1814.Democratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican Party William T. Barry (Democratic-Republican) 58 UnknownBenjamin Mills (Unknown) 48 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 25, 2018 Kentucky 1814 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ky.ussenate.1814 March 11, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200311161248/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ky.ussenate.1814 dead , citing The Western Monitor (Lexington, KY). December 23, 1814. Argus of Western America (Frankfort, KY). December 17, 1814. North Carolina(Class 3) David Stone Democratic-Republican 18001807 (resigned)1812 Incumbent resigned December 24, 1814.New senator elected December 30, 1814 on the eleventh ballot. Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 26, 2018 North Carolina 1814 U.S. Senate, Special, Ballot 11 https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nc.ussenator11.1814 February 19, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200219153925/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nc.ussenator11.1814 dead , citing Norfolk Gazette and Publick Ledger (Norfolk, VA). January 4, 1815. NC US Senate - Special Election http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=273867 Our Campaigns January 6, 2008 February 24, 2015Democratic-Republican hold.Winner was never seated due to a failure to qualify. Democratic-Republican Party Francis Locke Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 104 Federalist PartyJohn Stanly (Federalist) 75 Virginia(Class 1) Richard Brent Democratic-Republican 1809 Incumbent died December 30, 1814, having lost re-election, see below.New senator elected January 2, 1815, having already won election to the next term.Democratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican Party James Barbour (Democratic-Republican) 107 Democratic-Republican PartyWilliam Wirt (Democratic-Republican) 80 Scattering 4 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 27, 2018 Virginia 1814 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:va.ussenate.a.1814 July 20, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190720115259/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:va.ussenate.a.1814 dead , citing Norfolk Gazette and Publick Ledger (Norfolk, VA). November 19, 1814. Kentucky(Class 3) Jesse Bledsoe Democratic-Republican 1813 Incumbent resigned.New senator elected January 3, 1815 on the second ballot.Democratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican Party Isham Talbot (Democratic-Republican) 56 UnknownBenjamin Mills (Unknown) 50 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 25, 2018 Kentucky 1815 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2 https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ky.ussenateballot2.1815 February 19, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200219153936/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ky.ussenateballot2.1815 dead , citing The Union (Washington, KY). January 14, 1815. Argus of Western America (Frankfort, KY). January 7, 1815. Races leading to the next Congress In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1815; ordered by state. All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoralhistory Connecticut Samuel Dana Federalist 1810 (special) Incumbent re-elected in 1814. Federalist Party Samuel Dana (Federalist) February 2020 Delaware Outerbridge Horsey Federalist 1810 (special) Incumbent re-elected January 13, 1815. Federalist Party Outerbridge Horsey (Federalist) 18 Democratic-Republican PartyJohn Warner (Democratic-Republican) 8 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 25, 2018 Delaware 1815 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:de.ussenator.1815 March 11, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200311074448/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:de.ussenator.1815 dead , citing Journal of the Delaware House of Representatives, 1815. 37. Maryland Samuel Smith Democratic-Republican 18021808 Legislature failed to elect.A successor would not be elected until 1816.Our Campaigns http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=122673 MD US Senate August 29, 2004 February 27, 2015Democratic-Republican loss. February 2020 Massachusetts Christopher Gore Federalist 1813 (appointed) Interim appointee elected in 1815. Federalist Party Christopher Gore (Federalist) February 2020 New Jersey John Lambert Democratic-Republican 1808 Incumbent lost re-election.New senator elected February 1, 1815 on the third ballot. NJ US Senate http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=353662 Our Campaigns April 1, 2007 February 26, 2015Democratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican Party James Wilson (Democratic-Republican) 29 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 26, 2018 New Jersey 1815 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nj.ussenate.1815 March 15, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200315160606/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nj.ussenate.1815 dead , citing New Jersey Privy Council Records, 1814. 306–307. Federalist PartyJohn Lambert (Federalist) 17 Democratic-Republican PartyEbenezer Elmer (Democratic-Republican) Withdrew New York Obadiah German Democratic-Republican 1809 Incumbent retired or lost re-election.New senator elected February 7, 1815. Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 26, 2018 New York 1815 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ny.ussenate.1815 December 9, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20191209084936/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ny.ussenate.1815 dead , citing Ontario Messenger (Canandaigua, NY). February 21, 1815.http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=392187 Our Campaigns NY US Senate February 23, 2015Democratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican Party Nathan Sanford (Democratic-Republican) 89 Federalist PartyJames Emott (Federalist) 40 Federalist PartyJohn Jay (Federalist) 1 Democratic-Republican PartyPhiletus Swift (Democratic-Republican) 1 Ohio Joseph Kerr Democratic-Republican 1814 (special) Incumbent retired.New senator elected January 7, 1815 on the third ballot. Ohio in Congress from 1803 to 1901 with Notes and Sketches of Senators and Representatives and Other Historical Data and Incidents Taylor William A. 1900 99 The XX. Century Publishing Co. Columbus, Ohio Taylor https://archive.org/details/ohioincongressfr00tayl Internet ArchiveDemocratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican Party Benjamin Ruggles (Democratic-Republican) 42 UnknownDuncan MacArthur (Unknown) 34 Democratic-Republican PartyWilliam Creighton Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 5 Democratic-Republican PartyPeter Hitchcock (Democratic-Republican) 2 Pennsylvania Jonathan Roberts Democratic-Republican 1814 (special) Incumbent re-elected December 10, 1814.U.S. Senate Election - December 10, 1814 http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox/sen/PaSen1814B.pdf Wilkes University December 21, 2012 Democratic-Republican Party Jonathan Roberts (Democratic-Republican) 84 Federalist PartySamuel Sitgreaves (Federalist) 32 Federalist PartyJared Ingersoll (Federalist) 1 Not voting 9 Rhode Island William Hunter Federalist 1811 (special) Incumbent re-elected November 4, 1814. Federalist Party William Hunter (Federalist) Unanimous Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 27, 2018 Rhode Island 1814 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ri.ussenator.1814 July 19, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190719104332/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ri.ussenator.1814 dead , citing The Rhode-Island American, and General Advertiser (Providence, RI). November 8, 1814. Tennessee Joseph Anderson Democratic-Republican 1797 (special)1799 (resigned)1799 (special)18031809 (appointed)1809 (special) Incumbent retired.Legislature failed to elect.Democratic-Republican loss.A new senator would later be elected; see below. None. Vermont Jonathan Robinson Democratic-Republican 1807 (special)1808 Incumbent retired.New senator elected October 25, 1814.Federalist gain. Federalist Party Isaac Tichenor (Federalist) 111 Democratic-Republican PartyJonathan Robinson (Democratic-Republican) 83 Democratic-Republican PartyJohn Strong (Democratic-Republican) 7 Scattering 1October 27, 1814 Tuesday, October 25th: Senator http://www.genealogybank.com Vermont Watchman Montpelier, VT 3 subscription In addition to winning a majority in the legislature, Tichenor also unanimously received the 12 votes of the Governor and Council. Virginia Richard Brent Democratic-Republican 1808 Incumbent lost re-election, and then died after the election.New senator elected November 14, 1814.Democratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican Party James Barbour (Democratic-Republican) 107 Democratic-Republican PartyWilliam Wirt (Democratic-Republican) 80 Scattering 4 Special elections during the next Congress In this special election, the winner was elected in 1815 after March 4; ordered by election date. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoralhistory Tennessee(Class 1) Vacant Legislature had failed to elect, see above.New senator elected October 10, 1815.Democratic-Republican gain. Democratic-Republican Party George W. Campbell (Democratic-Republican) 37 Democratic-Republican PartyParry Wayne Humphreys (Democratic-Republican) 23 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 27, 2018 Tennessee 1815 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:tn.ussenate.1815 March 4, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200304024248/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:tn.ussenate.1815 dead , citing Original Tally Sheet. Tennessee State Library and Archives, Nashville. Journal of the Tennessee House of Representatives, 1815. 112. Journal of the Tennessee State Senate, 1815. 96–97. Tennessee(Class 2) Jesse Wharton Democratic-Republican 1814 (appointed) Interim appointee retired.New senator elected October 10, 1815.Democratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican Party John Williams (Democratic-Republican) 32 Democratic-Republican PartyJohn Rhea (Democratic-Republican) 26 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 27, 2018 Tennessee 1815 U.S. Senate, Special https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:tn.ussenate.2.1815 December 9, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20191209082533/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:tn.ussenate.2.1815 dead , citing Original Tally Sheet. Tennessee State Library and Archives, Nashville. Journal of the Tennessee House of Representatives, 1815. 112. Journal of the Tennessee State Senate, 1815. 96–97. North Carolina(Class 3) Francis Locke Jr. Democratic-Republican 18001812 Incumbent resigned, having failed to qualify.New senator elected December 5, 1815 on the fifth ballot. Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 26, 2018 North Carolina 1815 U.S. Senate, Special, Ballot 5 https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nc.ussenator5.1815 November 13, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20191113073428/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nc.ussenator5.1815 dead , citing The Star (Raleigh, NC). December 8, 1815. NC US Senate - Special Election http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=273868 Our Campaigns January 6, 2008 February 24, 2015Democratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican Party Nathaniel Macon (Democratic-Republican) 101 Democratic-Republican PartyJohn Branch Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 59 Scattering 27 Virginia(Class 2) William B. Giles Democratic-Republican 1804 (appointed)1804 (special)18041811 Incumbent resigned March 3, 1815.New senator elected December 7, 1815.Democratic-Republican hold.Winner subsequently declined to serve.A new senator was later elected in 1816. Democratic-Republican Party John Eppes (Democratic-Republican) 125 Democratic-Republican PartyJohn Mercer (Democratic-Republican) 43 Connecticut List of United States senators from Connecticut October 2019 Delaware List of United States senators from Delaware October 2019 Kentucky (special) List of United States senators from Kentucky October 2019 There were two special elections in Kentucky: one in 1814 and the other in 1815. Maryland List of United States senators from Maryland October 2019 Massachusetts List of United States senators from Massachusetts 1814–1815 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts Massachusetts (regular) October 2019 Massachusetts (special) October 2019 New Hampshire (special) List of United States senators from New Hampshire October 2019 New Jersey List of United States senators from New Jersey October 2019 New York 1815 United States Senate election in New York List of United States senators from New York October 2019 North Carolina (special) List of United States senators from North Carolina October 2019 Ohio List of United States senators from Ohio 1814 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio Ohio (regular) October 2019 Ohio (special) October 2019 Pennsylvania List of United States senators from Pennsylvania 1814 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (special) October 2019 Pennsylvania (regular) October 2019 Rhode Island List of United States senators from Rhode Island October 2019 Tennessee List of United States senators from Tennessee 1815 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee Tennessee (regular) October 2019 Tennessee (special, class 1) October 2019 Tennessee (special, class 2) October 2019 Vermont List of United States senators from Vermont October 2019 Virginia List of United States senators from Virginia Virginia (regular) October 2019 Virginia (special) October 2019 Virginia List of United States senators from Virginia October 2019 See also 1814 United States elections 1814–15 United States House of Representatives elections 13th United States Congress 14th United States Congress Notes Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov References 30em