1805 in science

none 1805 science 1805 Significant events in 1805 in science and technology are listed. Biology Jean Henri Jaume Saint-Hilaire publishes Exposition des Familles naturelles et de la Germination des Plantes, contentant la description de 2337 genres et d'environ 4000 espèces, 112 planches dont les figures ont ete dessinées par l'auteur, popularising the Jussiaean classification system.Gerard and Jaume: Two Neglected Figures in the History of Jussiaean Classification (Part Three) Roger L. Williams 233–271 1222135 Taxon 37 2 1988 10.2307/1222135 Marie Jules César Savigny publishes Histoire naturelle et mythologique de l'Ibis in Paris, the first illustrated monograph on the ibis. Chemistry John Dalton's list of molecular weights is first published.John Dalton On the Absorption of Gases by Water and Other Liquids http://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/dalton52.html Memoirs of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester 2nd Series 1 1805 271–87 Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac discovers that water is composed of two parts hydrogen and one part oxygen by volume.Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/joseph-louis-gay-lussac Science History Institute 21 March 2018 June 2016Bowden Mary Ellen Chemical achievers : the human face of the chemical sciences https://archive.org/details/chemicalachiever0000bowd registration 1997 Chemical Heritage Foundation Philadelphia, PA 9780941901123 Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac 13–15,53 https://archive.org/details/chemicalachiever0000bowd/page/13 Jane Marcet's elementary textbook for young people, Conversations on Chemistry ("intended more especially for the female sex"), is published anonymously in London. It proves extremely popular on both sides of the Atlantic, running through at least forty editions.Jane Marcet https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/jane-marcet Science History Institute 21 March 2018 June 2016Elizabeth J. Morse Marcet, Jane Haldimand (1769–1858) 2004 Online http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/18029 2013-10-14 10.1093/ref:odnb/18029 Exploration April 7 – The Lewis and Clark Expedition leaves Fort Mandan, bound for the Pacific Ocean. August 9 – Zebulon Pike leaves St. Louis to explore the headwaters of the Mississippi River. November 16 – The Lewis and Clark expedition reaches the Pacific Ocean at the mouth of the Columbia River. Mathematics Adrien-Marie Legendre publishes the first clear and concise exposition of the least squares method for fitting a curve to a given set of observations.Adrien-Marie Legendre Nouvelles méthodes pour la détermination des orbites des comètes New Methods for the Determination of the Orbits of Comets French F. Didot Paris 1805 https://books.google.com/books?id=FRcOAAAAQAAJ Medicine German Army surgeon Philipp Bozzini invents the de lichtleiter, ancestor of the endoscope, for examination of bodily orifices.Bozzini P. Lichtleiter: eine Erfindung zur Anschauung innerer Theile und Krankheiten nebst der Abbildung J Practischen Arzneykunde Berlin 24 107–24 1806Bozzini P. Heidelbergische Jahrbücher der Litteratur 3 3 Lichtleiter, eine Erfindung zur Anschauung innerer Theile und Krankheiten nebst der Abbildung Wöhr & Zimmer Heidelberg 1810 207 https://books.google.com/books?id=okBBAAAAYAAJ&q=%22Lichtleiter%2C%20eine%20Erfindung%20zur%20Anschauung%20innerer%20Theile%20und%20Krankheiten%20nebst%20der%20Abbildung%22&pg=PA207 2010-09-06Bush Ronnie Beth Leonhardt Hanna Bush Irving M. Landes Ralph R. Dr. Bozzini's Lichtleiter: A translation of his original article (1806) Urology 3 1 119–23 1974 4591409 10.1016/S0090-4295(74)80080-4 James Parkinson publishes Observations on the Nature and Cure of the Gout. Japanese physician Udagawa Genshin publishes ja-Latn Ensai Ihan ("Medical precepts of the West"). First record of a water birth, in France. Meteorology The Beaufort scale of wind speed is devised by British Royal Navy officer Francis Beaufort. Technology September – William Congreve first demonstrates the solid-fuel Congreve rocket for use as an artillery weapon. November 26 – The Ellesmere Canal's Pontcysyllte Aqueduct is opened in Wales; built by Thomas Telford and William Jessop, its cast iron trough is 1007 ft m on long and 126 ft m on above the River Dee beneath.L. T. C. Rolt L. T. C. Rolt Thomas Telford https://archive.org/details/thomastelford00rolt registration London Longmans, Green 1958 Awards Copley Medal: Humphry DavyCopley Medal British scientific award https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal Encyclopedia Britannica 21 July 2020 en Births February 13 – Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet, mathematician (died 1859) May 12 – William Rowan Hamilton, mathematician, physicist and astronomer (died 1865) July 5 – Robert FitzRoy, admiral and meteorologist (suicide 1865) August 13 - Antoine Constant Saucerotte, French physician (died 1884)LH/2463/9 December 16 – Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, zoologist (died 1861) December 20 – Thomas Graham, chemist (died 1869) December 22 – John Obadiah Westwood, entomologist (died 1893) Mary Seacole (née Grant), nurse (died 1881) Deaths January 23 – Claude Chappe, French inventor of the mechanical semaphore system (born 1763) February 17 – Josephus Nicolaus Laurenti, Viennese herpetologist (born 1735) May 16 – Christiaan Brunings, Dutch hydraulic engineer (born 1736) July 2 – Patrick Russell, Scottish-born surgeon and herpetologist (born 1726) December 23 Geneviève Thiroux d'Arconville, French novelist, translator and chemist (born 1720) Pehr Osbeck, Swedish botanist and explorer, pupil of Linnaeus (born 1723) References Category:19th century in science Category:1800s in science