2013 Zimbabwean general election

none August 2014 October 2020 Zimbabwe presidential 2008 Zimbabwean general election 2008 7th Parliament of Zimbabwe 2018 Zimbabwean general election 2018 List of members of the 8th Parliament of Zimbabwe 31 July 2013 yes Presidential election 6,187,003voter population The last breakdown of registered voters was published on 9 July 2013, but this was not the one used during the elections. On 22 July the Registrar General announced in The Herald that the total had come to 6.4 million, without providing a breakdown. 56.25%turnout Based on the last confirmed total of registered voters at 9 July 2013. Robert Mugabe May 2015 (cropped).jpg Robert Mugabe ZANU–PF 2,110,434 61.88% Morgan Tsvangirai Oslo 2009 A.jpg Morgan Tsvangirai MDC-T 1,172,349 34.37% President Robert Mugabe ZANU–PF Robert Mugabe ZANU–PF yes All 270 seats in the National Assembly 136 National Assembly ZANU–PF Robert Mugabe 62.93 197 99 MDC-T Morgan Tsvangirai 30.24 70 100 MDC Welshman Ncube 4.70 2 10 Independent Jonathan Tawonana Samukange 1.34 1 1 yes Senate 60 of the 80 seats in the Senate 41 yes ZANU–PF Robert Mugabe 37 30 MDC-T Morgan Tsvangirai 21 24 MDC Welshman Ncube 2 6 yes Maps 300px Presidential election results by Province 300px House of Assembly election results by constituency 300px Senate election results by province General elections were held in Zimbabwe on 31 July 2013.https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/zimbabwe-president-robert-mugabe-officially-proclaims-election-date-19391209#.Ubnfu9jc-UQ Zimbabwe President Robert Mugabe Officially Proclaims New Election Date of July 31 13 June 2013 13 June 2013 Incumbent President Robert Mugabe was re-elected, whilst his ZANU–PF party won a two-thirds majority in the National Assembly. The elections were not free and fair, as the ruling ZANU–PF party used the state to intimidate the opposition.Violence in the 2013 Elections 2023 https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/election-violence-in-zimbabwe/violence-in-the-2013-elections/2059EA3416E893DD03D79BABD72D773B Election Violence in Zimbabwe: Human Rights, Politics and Power 256–276 Kwashirai Vimbai Chaumba Cambridge University Press 10.1017/9781108120265.012 978-1-107-19081-8 subscription Background This was the first election held under the new constitution approved in a referendum in March 2013https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-21845444 BBC News – Zimbabwe approves new constitution BBC 19 March 2013 29 July 2013 and signed into law by President Robert Mugabe on 22 May.https://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2013/05/2013522105015147596.html Zimbabwe's Mugabe signs new constitution – Africa Al Jazeera 29 July 2013 The Supreme Court ruled on 31 May that President Mugabe should set a date as soon as possible, and that presidential and parliamentary elections must be held by 31 July.Zimbabwe elections 'must be held by 31 July' BBC News, 31 May 2013 The ruling followed an application to the court by a Zimbabwean citizen, Jealousy Mawarire,Reuters https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/may/31/robert-mugabe-elections-july-zimbabwe-court Robert Mugabe must hold elections by end of July, says Zimbabwe court The Guardian 29 July 2013 London 31 May 2013 demanding that the country's president set the date for elections before the expiry of the tenure of the seventh parliament, on 29 June 2013. Under the new constitution the winner of the presidential election would serve a five-year term. Candidates Presidential candidates Robert Mugabe, ZANU–PFhttps://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-16128774 BBC News – Robert Mugabe insists on re-election bid in Zimbabwe BBC 10 December 2011 29 July 2013 Welshman Ncube, MDC-Nhttp://www.mdczim.net/article/260/prof_welshman_ncube_files_nomination_papers Prof. Welshman Ncube files nomination papers MDC 28 June 2013 8 July 2013 usurped https://web.archive.org/web/20160203063612/http://www.mdczim.net/article/260/prof_welshman_ncube_files_nomination_papers 3 February 2016 Morgan Tsvangirai, MDC-Thttp://www.mdc.co.zw/index.php/category-table4/8-latest-news/202-president-morgan-tsvangirais-speech-at-the-launch-of-the-2013-harmonised-election-campaign-marondera&Itemid=82 President Morgan Tsvangirai's speech at the launch of the 2013 Harmonised Election Campaign Marondera MDC-T 7 July 2013 8 July 2013 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20130712022101/http://mdc.co.zw/index.php/category-table4/8-latest-news/202-president-morgan-tsvangirais-speech-at-the-launch-of-the-2013-harmonised-election-campaign-marondera%26Itemid%3D82 12 July 2013 Dumiso Dabengwa, ZAPUNkala Thulani https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-local-byo-29989.html Dr Dabengwa nominated as Zapu presidential candidate Bulawayo24 NEWS 29 July 2013 Kisinoti Mukwazhe (also spelt Kisnot Mukwazhi), ZDP.http://www.newsday.co.zw/2013/07/09/race-for-the-presidency/ Race for the Presidency Newsday.co.zw 9 July 2013 29 July 2013 13 July 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130713071232/http://www.newsday.co.zw/2013/07/09/race-for-the-presidency dead Candidacy later withdrawn.Zimbabwe: 2013 Presidential election candidates https://web.archive.org/web/20131001230435/http://www.eisa.org.za/WEP/zim2013candidates.htm 1 October 2013 EISAZivira Tapiwa Mukwazhe withdraws from presidential race http://www.newsday.co.zw/2013/07/27/breaking-mukwazhe-withdraws-from-presidential-race/ Newsday 27 July 2013 31 August 2013 2 August 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130831213402/http://www.newsday.co.zw/2013/07/27/breaking-mukwazhe-withdraws-from-presidential-race/ dead Parliamentary candidates List of candidates in the Zimbabwean parliamentary election, 2013 Most of Zimbabwe's 2010 districts had candidates from all of the three major parties: ZANU–PF, one of the two formulations of the MDC, and ZAPU. Minor party candidates and independents rounded out the field in some districts. Campaign In accepting the election date, Tsvangirai said that reforms should have preceded the election, as he began his election campaign. He also claimed that the country wanted to vote Mugabe out.https://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2013/07/20137811313235244.html Zimbabwe PM says nation wants Mugabe out Al Jazeera 8 July 2013 9 July 2013 Launching his election campaign, Mugabe called it "a do or die struggle" while making a strong appeal for a peaceful campaign. In the same speech, he warned that he could take Zimbabwe out of SADC "if SADC decides to do stupid things".http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/world/2013/07/08/mugabe-launches-a-do-or-die-re-election-campaign Mugabe launches a 'do or die' re-election campaign 8 July 2013 9 July 2013 The Sowetan Although there were initial discussions about forming a grand coalition between the two MDC parties and other opposition parties,https://mg.co.za/article/2013-06-28-00-parties-consider-coalition Zim: Parties consider coalition Mail & Guardian 28 June 2013 29 July 2013http://www.dailynews.co.zw/articles/2013/06/28/makoni-backs-tsvangirai Makoni backs Tsvangirai – DailyNews Live Dailynews.co.zw 28 June 2013 29 July 2013 by 9 July two separate coalitions had been formed, one comprising MDC-T, Mavambo/Kusile/Dawn and ZANU-Ndonga,http://www.newzimbabwe.com/news-11626-BREAKING+-+PM,+Makoni+announce+coalition/news.aspx Tsvangirai, Makoni agree coalition deal Newzimbabwe.com 29 July 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130712083207/http://www.newzimbabwe.com/news-11626-BREAKING+-+PM,+Makoni+announce+coalition/news.aspx 12 July 2013 dead and the other coalition comprising MDC and ZAPU.http://www.newsday.co.zw/2013/07/06/ncube-dabengwa-form-poll-pact/ Ncube, Dabengwa form poll pact Newsday.co.zw 6 July 2013 29 July 2013 Regalia During the campaign, party regalia was supplied by the two main political parties in huge quantities. MDC-T supporters wore red apparel, whilst ZANU–PF supporters wore a variety of colours borrowed from the national flag.https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-national-byo-32797.html China donates more than a million T-shirts to Zanu-PF Bulawayo24 29 July 2013 Accusations of unfairness Allegations were made in 2011, that a third of registered voters were dead or aged 120 (in a country with a life expectancy of 44).David Smith https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jan/21/third-zimbabwe-registered-voters-dead Third of Zimbabwe's registered voters are dead The Guardian 21 January 2011 2 August 2013 These accusations were repeated in 2013, with the additional claim that a considerable number of young voters had not been registered.https://mg.co.za/article/2013-07-05-00-zimbabwe-roll-excludes-millions-of-young-voters Zimbabwe roll excludes millions of young voters Mail & Guardian 5 July 2013 2 August 2013 The Zimbabwe Election Support Network (ZESN), a local observer group with 7,000 monitors, listed a litany of offences, including state media bias, a campaign of intimidation in rural areas, and the rushed electoral process before key reforms to the security services were in place. But the most effective measure was tampering with the electoral rolls. Held back until the day before the election – thus avoiding proper scrutiny – the roll revealed an estimated one million invalid names, including many deceased voters. It excluded up to one million real ones, mostly in urban areas where MDC support is strongest.Cendrowicz Leo Robert Mugabe's Zimbabwe election victory was a 'masterclass in electoral fraud' https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/robert-mugabes-zimbabwe-election-victory-was-a-masterclass-in-electoral-fraud-8744348.html https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/robert-mugabes-zimbabwe-election-victory-was-a-masterclass-in-electoral-fraud-8744348.html 1 May 2022 subscription live The Independent 2 August 2013 London On the day of the elections, one of Zimbabwe's electoral commissioners resigned. In his resignation letter, Mkhululi Nyathi of the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission wrote, "I do not wish to enumerate the many reasons of my resignation, but they all have to do with the manner the Zimbabwe 2013 harmonised elections were proclaimed and conducted."Zim electoral commissioner resigns over unfair elections https://mg.co.za/article/2013-08-03-zimbabwe-electoral-commissioner-resigns 3 August 2013 Mail & Guardian 3 August 2013 The Electoral Commission later reported that approximately 305,000 voters were turned away from polls, with an additional 207,000 voters being "assisted" in casting their ballots.Zimbabwe Electoral Commission: 305,000 voters turned away https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-23618743 8 August 2013 BBC There were also more than 100,000 centenarian ghost voters on the electoral roll.Stealing the vim from Zim https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2013/08/10/stealing-the-vim-from-zim 2024-07-10 The Economist 0013-0613 On 9 August 2013, the Movement for Democratic Change sought to have the results declared null and void.https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-23637580 BBC News Zimbabwe's MDC challenges Robert Mugabe election victory 9 August 2013 A week later they withdrew their petition.https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-23733748 BBC News Zimbabwe's MDC drops Robert Mugabe election challenge 16 August 2013 Despite their withdrawal the Supreme Court of Zimbabwe ruled that the election was "free, fair and credible".https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-23771763 BBC News Zimbabwe's Tsvangirai may be charged for 'judiciary insult' 20 August 2013 Results Results of the 2013 Zimbabwean general election Robert Mugabe won 62% of the vote to claim a sixth term as president, and was sworn in on Thursday 22 August. Morgan Tsvangirai finished second with 34% of the vote.Modern Ghana https://www.modernghana.com/print/172281/1/zimbabwes-mugabe-to-be-sworn-in-thursday.html 2021-07-27 www.modernghana.com Mugabe's ZANU–PF party also dominated the parliamentary election winning 196 seats. Tsvangirai's Movement for Democratic Change party won 70 seats. Reports by the Zimbabwe Election Support Network monitoring group said as many as one million people, mostly in urban areas (which tend to favour the MDC), were unable to cast votes.Zimbabwe President Mugabe re-elected amid fraud claims 3 August 2013 BBC https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-23563029 3 August 2013 Other reports suggested that people had been forced to vote for Mugabe.https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-23512279 Zimbabwe election: queuing voters given more time BBC 2 August 2013 31 July 2013 The African Union also had monitors in place and said the election could have been handled better, but that initial reports indicated a fair election had occurred. Western groups were not allowed to send monitors. President Robert Mugabe ZANU–PF 2110434 Morgan Tsvangirai MDC–Tsvangirai 1172349 Welshman Ncube MDC–Ncube 92637 Dumiso Dabengwa Zimbabwe African People's Union 25416 Kisinoti Mukwazhe Zimbabwe Development Party 9931 #00AA59 69280 6187003 NORDEM ZEC National Assembly The independent candidate Jonathan Tawonana Samukange had failed to win the ZANU-PF nomination for Mudzi South but won the seat.Elections to the House of Assembly Adam Carr In February 2015 he was readmitted to ZANU-PF. File:House of Assembly Zimbabwe 2013.svg Common Women Total ZANU–PF 2145257 160 37 197 MDC–Tsvangirai 1031048 49 21 70 MDC–Ncube 160232 0 2 2 Zimbabwe African People's Union 14309 0 0 0 Mavambo/Kusile/Dawn 6709 0 0 0 United Movement for Democracy 1563 0 0 0 #69B091 FreeZim Congress 1405 0 0 0 ZANU–Ndonga 1250 0 0 0 Alliance Khumbula Ekhaya 380 0 0 0 Progressive and Innovative Movement of Zimbabwe 350 0 0 0 Freedom Front 200 0 0 0 Congress for True Democracy 147 0 0 0 #75FB4C Zimbabwe Development Party 145 0 0 0 #0100E9 Multi-Racial Christian Democrats 83 0 0 0 white People's Democratic Union 76 0 0 0 #9F966F Zimbabwe People's Movement 70 0 0 0 #4F924E Voice of the People 38 0 0 0 Independents 45745 1 0 1 70022 Zimbabwe Electoral Commission Senate File:Senate of Zimbabwe 2013.svg ZANU–PF 37 –2 MDC–Tsvangirai 21 New MDC 2 –20 Chiefs 18 0 Persons with disabilities 2 0 0 Zimbabwe Electoral Commission Reactions Domestic The elections were called a "huge farce" by Tsvangirai who said the country was "in mourning" about the results. He claimed over a million voters were turned away from the polling stations, and said the Movement for Democratic Change would no longer work with Mugabe nor participate in government institutions.Andrew Harding https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-23530095 BBC News – Zimbabwe election was huge farce – Morgan Tsvangirai BBC 2 August 2013 1 August 2013 He promised to fight the results in court and diplomatically. International African Union – The African Union declared that the elections were "free, honest and credible."https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-23546050 Zimbabwe poll was 'free, honest and credible' – African Union BBC 2 August 2013 2 August 2013 Botswana – The government of President Ian Khama has called for an audit of the election results and the Foreign Minister, Phandu Skelemani, has stated that "various incidents and circumstances were revealed that call into question whether the entire electoral process, and thus its final result, can be recognised as having been fair, transparent and credible."http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/afp/130805/botswana-calls-audit-zimbabwe-vote Botswana calls for audit of Zimbabwe vote ' – Botswana Global Post 11 August 2013 Mozambique – President Armando Guebuza demanded that the elections be a topic of the 2013 SADC Summit in Lilongwe, Malawi.http://www.zimeye.org/?p=87996 SADC Summit: Mozambique President Demands Zimbabwe Election Debate ZimEye 17 August 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130819225125/http://www.zimeye.org/?p=87996 19 August 2013 dead Mauritius – The Prime Minister, Navin Ramgoolam, congratulated President Mugabe and expressed his view that ZANU–PF's victory will usher in a new era of prosperity and peace for Zimbabweans.http://zimbabweelection.com/2013/08/06/namibia-mauritius-congratulate-president-mugabe/ Namibia, Mauritius congratulate President Mugabe – Zimbabwe Election: Latest News & Voting Information 11 August 2013 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20130815052303/http://zimbabweelection.com/2013/08/06/namibia-mauritius-congratulate-president-mugabe/ 15 August 2013 Namibia – President Hifikepunye Pohamba congratulated Mugabe and Zimbabwe for holding free and peaceful elections and stated to Mugabe: "The people of Zimbabwe have once again demonstrated their trust and confidence in the Zanu PF and your personal leadership."http://www.newsday.co.zw/2013/08/08/more-sadc-states-endorse-mugabe/ More Sadc states endorse Mugabe Newsday 8 August 2013 11 August 2013 South Africa – President Jacob Zuma congratulated Mugabe for securing a seventh term in office. A statement was issued by the South African Foreign Ministry saying: "President Zuma urges all political parties in Zimbabwe to accept the outcome of the elections as election observers reported it to be an expression of the will of the people."Saul Heather South African President Jacob Zuma congratulates Robert Mugabe on his landslide victory in Zimbabwe elections https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/south-african-president-jacob-zuma-congratulates-robert-mugabe-on-his-landslide-victory-in-zimbabwe-elections-8745168.html https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/south-african-president-jacob-zuma-congratulates-robert-mugabe-on-his-landslide-victory-in-zimbabwe-elections-8745168.html 1 May 2022 subscription The Independent 4 August 2013 London SADC – The Southern African Development Community called the election "free and peaceful" but reserved judgement on its fairness. On 15 August, it apologised for calling the elections credible in spite of evidence that there were many irregularities.Legalbrief Today Home Page https://legalbrief.co.za/ 2021-07-27 legalbrief.co.za Australia – The Foreign Minister, Bob Carr, was critical of the election stating: "These appear to have disenfranchised large numbers of voters and raised doubts about the credibility of the election results. Given our doubts about the results, Australia calls for a re-run of the elections based on a verified and agreed voters roll." European Union – The High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Baroness Ashton, said "the EU is concerned about alleged irregularities and reports of incomplete participation, as well as the identified weaknesses in the electoral process and a lack of transparency."http://news.yahoo.com/eu-concerned-lack-transparency-zimbabwe-election-162147814.html EU concerned about lack of transparency in Zimbabwe election - Yahoo! News news.yahoo.com 26 January 2022 https://archive.today/20130816181037/http://news.yahoo.com/eu-concerned-lack-transparency-zimbabwe-election-162147814.html 16 August 2013 dead Russia – President Vladimir Putin congratulated Mugabe on his victory and congratulated Zimbabwe for holding "peaceful and credible elections."http://zimbabweelection.com/2013/08/06/russia-and-zambia-congratulate-pres-mugabe/ Russia and Zambia congratulate Pres Mugabe Free & Fair Zimbabwe Election 6 August 2013 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20130812101908/http://zimbabweelection.com/2013/08/06/russia-and-zambia-congratulate-pres-mugabe/ 12 August 2013 United Kingdom – The Foreign Secretary, William Hague, voiced "grave concerns" about the conduct of the election. Hague said there were "serious" questions about the credibility of the election, because of irregularities both in the run-up to the ballot and on polling day.https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-23561298 BBC News – Zimbabwe election: William Hague voices 'grave concerns' Bbc.co.uk 1 January 1970 4 August 2013 United States – The United States said the results were not a "credible expression of the will of the Zimbabwean people". Aftermath Mugabe was sworn in for his new term as president on 22 August 2013 at a ceremony in Harare. Speaking at the ceremony, he promised economic growth, focusing on mining: "The mining sector will be the centrepiece of our economic recovery and growth. It should generate growth spurts across the sector, reignite that economic miracle which must now happen."Reagan Mashavave, "Defiant Mugabe sworn in for new term", AFP, 22 August 2013. The members of the National Assembly and the Senate were sworn in for the new parliamentary term on 3 September 2013. Given ZANU–PF's large majority of seats, its candidates for the posts of Speaker of the National Assembly and President of the Senate were assured of election, and the MDC-T did not present candidates for the posts. ZANU–PF's candidates were elected without opposition on the same day: in the National Assembly, Jacob Mudenda as Speaker and Mabel Chinomona as Deputy Speaker, and in the Senate, Edna Madzongwe as president and Chenhamo Chimutengwende as vice-president. MDC-T MPs boycotted the vote that elected Mudenda as Speaker."MPs sworn in", The Herald, 3 September 2013. On 10 September 2013, Mugabe appointed his new cabinet."President Mugabe Appoints New Cabinet", The Herald, 10 September 2013. The cabinet line-up was generally characterised as rewarding veteran ZANU–PF hardliners, who were appointed to most of the key posts: Patrick Chinamasa as Minister of Finance, Emmerson Mnangagwa as Minister of Justice, Sydney Sekeramayi as Minister of Defense, and Jonathan Moyo as Minister of Information.Aislinn Laing, "Zimbabwe: Mugabe loads new cabinet with hardliners", The Christian Science Monitor, 11 September 2013. However, some posts went to ZANU–PF moderates and younger politicians."Mugabe shuffles the pack, again", Africa Confidential, volume 54, number 19, 20 September 2013. President Mugabe opened Parliament on 17 September 2013. On that occasion he vowed that "the indigenisation programme is to be pursued with renewed vigour"."Mugabe vows 'renewed vigour' for indigenisation drive", AFP, 17 September 2013. Notes References Category:Parliamentary elections in Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Category:Presidential elections in Zimbabwe Category:Election and referendum articles with incomplete results