1985 Tour de France

Cycling race June 2023 May 2019 April 2019 1985 Tour de France Route of the 1985 Tour de France.png Route of the 1985 Tour de France Map of France of yellow ground with stage routes drawn in red lines 360px 28 June – 21 July 1985 22 + Prologue, including one split stage 4109 km 113h 24' 23" Bernard Hinault FRA LVC 1985 yellow Greg LeMond USA LVC 1985 Stephen Roche IRE La Redoute 1985 Sean Kelly IRE SKIL 1985 green Luis Herrera COL CAF 1985 polkadot Jozef Lieckens BEL LOT 1985 red Fabio Parra COL CAF 1985 white Greg LeMond USA LVC 1985 combined LVC 1985 LVC 1985 Maarten Ducrot NED RAB 1985 1984 1986 The 1985 Tour de France was the 72nd edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours.Heijmans Mallon 2011 95 It took place between 28 June and 21 July. The course ran over 4109 km 0 on and consisted of a prologue and 22 stages. The race was won by Bernard Hinault (riding for the LVC 1985 team), who equalled the record by Jacques Anquetil and Eddy Merckx of five overall victories. Second was Hinault's teammate Greg LeMond, ahead of Stephen Roche (La Redoute 1985). Hinault won the race leader's yellow jersey on the first day, in the opening prologue time trial, but lost the lead to Eric Vanderaerden (PSC 1986) after stage 1 because of time bonuses. Hinault's teammate Kim Andersen then took over the yellow jersey following a successful breakaway on stage 4. Hinault regained the race lead after winning the time trial on stage 8, establishing a significant lead over his rivals. However, a crash on stage 14 into Saint-Étienne broke Hinault's nose, with congestion leading to bronchitis, which severely hampered his performances. Nonetheless, he was able to win the race overall ahead of teammate LeMond and Roche. For LeMond's assistance, Hinault publicly pledged to support LeMond for overall victory the following year. The large amount of time trials in this edition of the race was decisive for its outcome, leading to a decrease in time trial kilometres for subsequent Tours. In the Tour's other classifications, Sean Kelly (SKIL 1985) won a record-equalling third points classification. The mountains classification was won by Luis Herrera (CAF 1985). LeMond was the winner of the combination classification, Jozef Lieckens (LTS 1985) of the intermediate sprints classification, and Fabio Parra (CAF 1985 yes) was the best debutant, winning the young rider classification. LVC 1985 yes won both the team and team points classifications. Teams List of teams and cyclists in the 1985 Tour de France The organisers of the Tour, the Société du Tour de France, a subsidiary of the Amaury Group,Woodland 2007 335 were free to select which teams they invited for the event.van den Akker 2018 17 18 teams with 10 cyclists on each started the race, meaning a total of 180 cyclists, which was a record number at the time.The history of the Tour de France – Year 1985 – The starters http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1985/partants.html Tour de France Amaury Sport Organisation 2 April 2020 3 April 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200403105509/http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1985/partants.html deadZoetemelk op zoek naar Tourrecord https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010962060:mpeg21:a0509 27 February 2021 Het Vrije Volk 15 June 1985 Dutch Delpher Zoetemelk on search for the Tour record Of these, 67 were riding the Tour de France for the first time.Tour de France 1985 – Debutants https://www.procyclingstats.com/race/tour-de-france/1985/gc/startlist/debutants ProCyclingStats 24 March 2020 The riders in the race had an average age of 26.76 years,Tour de France 1985 – Peloton averages https://www.procyclingstats.com/race/tour-de-france/1985/gc/startlist/general-peloton-averages ProCyclingStats 24 March 2020 ranging from the 20-year-old Miguel Induráin (MOV 1985) to the 38-year-old Lucien Van Impe (BRD 1985).Tour de France 1985 – Youngest competitors https://www.procyclingstats.com/race/tour-de-france/1985/gc/startlist/youngest-competitors ProCyclingStats 24 March 2020 The REN 1985 cyclists had the youngest average age while the riders on Verandalux 1985b had the oldest.Tour de France 1985 – Average team age https://www.procyclingstats.com/race/tour-de-france/1985/gc/startlist/average-team-age ProCyclingStats 24 March 2020 Two former Tour winners, van Impe (who won in 1976) and Joop Zoetemelk of RAB 1985 (who had won in 1980), both set a new record, by each starting in the race for the fifteenth time.Record Zoetemelk https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010565767:mpeg21:p019 31 March 2020 Leeuwarder Courant 26 June 1985 nl Delpher The teams entering the race were: 20em REN 1985 LVC 1985 Peugeot 1985 SKIL 1985 MOV 1985 Fagor2 1985 Hitachi 1985 PSC 1985 CAF 1985 CAR 1985 La Redoute 1985 RAB 1985 ZOR 1985 LTS 1985 Verandalux 1985b Artiach 1985b BRD 1985 Tönissteiner 1985 Pre-race favourites thumb|upright|Bernard Hinault (pictured in 1982) was the favourite for the overall victory, which was to be a record-equalling fifth.|alt=Black-and-white photo of Hinault's face, smiling Laurent Fignon (REN 1985) had won the previous year's Tour de France, his second victory in a row, by a substantial margin of more than ten minutes ahead of Bernard Hinault (LVC 1985), a four-time winner of the Tour.Fotheringham 2015 232–239 However, he was unable to defend his title, as an operation on an inflamed Achilles tendon left him sidelined.McGann McGann 2008 153–155 According to Dutch newspaper Het Parool, Fignon missing the race was well received, considering that otherwise the race was expected to be as one-sided as the year before.Asbroek Harry Ten Kopmannen dringen om Fignons erfenis https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ABCDDD:010831351:mpeg21:p016 2 April 2020 Het Parool 24 June 1985 nl Leaders push for Fignon's legacy 15 Delpher In Fignon's absence, Hinault was considered the clear favourite to achieve his fifth overall victory,Van Gucht 2015 164 which would draw him level with Jacques Anquetil and Eddy Merckx for the record number of Tour de France wins.Oudshoorn Erik de Vries Guido Hinault kan record Merckx en Anquetil evenaren in Tour de France https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=KBNRC01:000029789:mpeg21:p008 2 April 2020 NRC Handelsblad 27 June 1985 8 nl Hinault can match Merckx and Anquetil record in Tour de France Delpher Hinault himself commented ahead of the prologue: "If I sound sure of myself, it's because I am."Moore 2011 150Abt 1990 93 Earlier in the year, he had won the Giro d'Italia.McGann McGann 2008 155 Hinault's team had been significantly strengthened for 1985, with the signings of Steve Bauer, Kim Andersen, and Bernard Vallet. The biggest addition to LVC 1985 yes's roster however was Greg LeMond. Having turned professional with REN 1985 yes alongside Hinault and Fignon in 1981, he had enjoyed a steady rise in the cycling world, including a win in the road world championship in 1983 and a third place in the previous year's Tour.Fotheringham 2015 247 During that race, LVC 1985 yes's team owner Bernard Tapie had approached LeMond, offering him the highest-paid contract in cycling history to set him up as a successor to Hinault.Moore 2011 137–139LeMond was paid $225,000 in his first year, $260,000 in the second, and $300,000 in his third. A promise of royalty payments for clipless pedals created by Look, another company owned by Tapie, never materialised.Moore 2011 137–139 LeMond was therefore considered "the other choice as a possible winner".McGann McGann 2008 153 LeMond himself stated that he would work for Hinault, but that he did not doubt that Hinault would do the same for him should he lose his chances.Ceulen Bennie Greg LeMond: "Bernard Hinault is de boss..." https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010593702:mpeg21:p021 2 April 2020 Limburgsch Dagblad 22 June 1985 21 nl Greg LeMond: "Bernard Hinault is the boss..." Delpher Equally, Hinault declared before the start that either himself or LeMond would win.Hinault: "Lemond of ik winaar" https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010565767:mpeg21:p019 2 April 2020 Leeuwarder Courant Geassocieerde Pers Diensten 26 June 1985 19 nl Hinault: "LeMond or me will win" Delpher The amount of individual time trials, four stages totaling 159 km mi on, was considered in Hinault's favour, since he excelled at the discipline.Van Gucht 2015 172 Due to the race start in Brittany, Hinault's home region and the large amount of time trialling, commentators jokingly referred to the edition as the "Tour de Hinault".Prügel im Endkampf https://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-13515734.html 24 April 2020 Der Spiegel 30/1985 22 July 1985 123–129 de Terminal-state birching The third highly ranked favourite was Phil Anderson (PSC 1985), who had just won both the Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré and Tour de Suisse, the most important preparation races for the Tour. Among the other favourites, there were mainly riders who were considered climbers, who ascended well up high mountains, but were inferior in time trials. These included Luis Herrera (CAF 1985), Robert Millar (Peugeot 1985),Robert Millar later in life had a gender transition and is now known as Philippa York.Fotheringham William William Fotheringham Philippa York: 'I've known I was different since I was a five-year-old' https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2017/jul/06/philippa-york-gender-transition-cyclist-robert-millar The Guardian 1 May 2018 6 July 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170707015639/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2017/jul/06/philippa-york-gender-transition-cyclist-robert-millar 7 July 2017 live For the purpose of this article, her name and gender from 1985 are used. Peter Winnen (PSC 1985 yes), and Pedro Delgado (Artiach 1985b). Other favourites included Ángel Arroyo (ZOR 1985), Pedro Muñoz (Fagor2 1985), Claude Criquielion (Hitachi 1985), Stephen Roche (La Redoute 1985), and Sean Kelly (SKIL 1985). Kelly was ranked number one in the UCI Road World Rankings, after taking victory at Paris–Nice and winning three stages of the Vuelta a España.Ryan 2018 166 His Irish compatriot Roche had displayed good form earlier in the year by winning the Critérium International and the Tour Midi-Pyrénées.Roche Cossins 2012 54–55 Charly Mottet (REN 1985 yes), winner of the fr Tour de l'Avenir no, considered the junior Tour de France, in 1984, was considered an outside bet for his team in the absence of team leader Fignon, given his young age.Ouwerkerk Peter Charly Mottet en de tendinitis https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010962069:mpeg21:p022 2 April 2020 Het Vrije Volk 26 June 1985 22 nl Delpher Charly Mottet and the tendonitis Route and stages thumb|Summit of the Col du Tourmalet, the highest point of elevation during the 1985 Tour|alt=Photograph of a rising road leading to the summit of a mountain The 1985 Tour de France started on 28 June, and had one rest day, in Villard-de-Lans.Augendre 2016 76 The race started in Brittany in North-West France, Hinault's home region, with a prologue time trial in Plumelec. The route then headed north towards Roubaix, then south-east to Lorraine, then south through the Vosges and Jura mountains into the Alps for stages 11 through 13.Wheatcroft 2013 255 From there, the Tour passed through the Massif Central en route to the Pyrenees for three high-mountain stages. After leaving the high mountains, the route moved north to Bordeaux, before travelling inland, with a time trial at Lac de Vassivière on the penultimate day, followed by a train transfer to Orléans for the final, ceremonial stage into Paris.Bacon 2014 179 It was the first time since 1981 that the Tour was run clockwise around France.van den Akker 2018 12 The highest point of elevation in the race was 2115 m ft on at the summit of the Col du Tourmalet mountain pass on stage 17.Augendre 2016 188Ronde van Frankrijk 85 Tour de France 85 https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010593706:mpeg21:p021 Limburgs Dagblad 27 June 1985 21 nl Delpher 8 March 2021 The 1985 Tour was the last one to contain split stages, where two stages on the same day had the same number and were distinguished by an "a" and "b". Until 1991, there were still two stages held on the same day, but given separate stage numbers.van den Akker 2018 129 It was also the first time that two mountain stages were held on the same day, stages 18a and 18b in the Pyrenees.Ryan 2018 169 + Stage characteristics and winnersAugendre 2016 76http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1978_2005/tdf1985.php Mémoire du cyclisme 72ème Tour de France 1985 fr https://web.archive.org/web/20120819202242/http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1978_2005/tdf1985.php 19 August 2012 26 September 2016 dead The 72nd Tour de France 1985The history of the Tour de France – Year 1985 – The stage winners http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1985/vainqueurs.html Tour de France Amaury Sport Organisation 2 April 2020 3 April 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200403005331/http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1985/vainqueurs.html dead Stage Date Course Distance Type Winner P28 June Plumelec 6 km on 20px|alt=|link= Individual time trial Bernard Hinault FRA 129 June Vannes to Lanester 256 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Rudy Matthijs BEL 230 June Lorient to Vitre 242 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Rudy Matthijs BEL 31 July Vitre to Fougères 73 km on alt=|link=Team time trial|20px Team time trial La Vie Claire FRA 42 July Fougères to Pont-Audemer 239 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Gerrit Solleveld NED 53 July Neufchâtel-en-Bray to Roubaix 224 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage with cobblestones Henri Manders NED 64 July Roubaix to Reims 222 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Francis Castaing FRA 75 July Reims to Nancy 217 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Ludwig Wijnants BEL 86 July Sarrebourg to Strasbourg 75 km on 20px|alt=|link= Individual time trial Bernard Hinault FRA 97 July Strasbourg to Épinal 174 km on 20px|alt=|link= Hilly stage Maarten Ducrot NED 108 July Épinal to Pontarlier 204 km on 20px|alt=|link= Hilly stage Jørgen V. Pedersen DEN 119 July Pontarlier to Morzine Avoriaz 195 km on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Luis Herrera COL 1210 July Morzine Avoriaz to Lans-en-Vercors 269 km on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Fabio Parra COL 1311 July Villard-de-Lans 32 km on 20px|alt=|link= Individual time trial Eric Vanderaerden BEL 12 July Villard-de-Lans Rest day 1413 July Autrans to Saint-Étienne 179 km on 20px|alt=|link= Hilly stage Luis Herrera COL 1514 July Saint-Étienne to Aurillac 238 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Eduardo Chozas ESP 1615 July Aurillac to Toulouse 247 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Frédéric Vichot FRA 1716 July Toulouse to Luz Ardiden 209 km on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Pedro Delgado ESP 18a17 July Luz-Saint-Sauveur to Aubisque 53 km on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Stephen Roche IRE 18b Laruns to Pau 83 km on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Régis Simon FRA 1918 July Pau to Bordeaux 203 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Eric Vanderaerden BEL 2019 July Montpon-Ménestérol to Limoges 225 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Johan Lammerts NED 2120 July Lac de Vassivière 46 km on 20px|alt=|link= Individual time trial Greg LeMond USA 2221 July Orléans to Paris (Champs-Élysées) 196 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Rudy Matthijs BEL Total 4109 km 0 onAugendre 2016 110 Classification leadership and minor prizes There were several classifications in the 1985 Tour de France, six of them awarding jerseys to their leaders.Nauright Parrish 2012 452–455 The most important was the general classification, calculated by adding each cyclist's finishing times on each stage. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey; the winner of this classification is considered the winner of the Tour.Nauright Parrish 2012 452–453 There were two ways to gain time bonuses, which subtracted seconds from a rider's overall time. One was at stage finishes, where the first three riders across the line received 30, 20, and 10 seconds bonus respectively. The split stage 18 awarded full-time bonuses for each of its two legs.van den Akker 2018 128–129 Secondly, riders were able to gain 10, 6, and 3 seconds bonus for the first three to cross the line at intermediate sprints. Unlike the previous year, where these were only given out during flat stages, the time bonuses at intermediate sprints were awarded during every road stage of the 1985 Tour.van den Akker 2018 183–184 Additionally, there was a points classification, where cyclists were given points for finishing among the best in a stage finish. The cyclist with the most points led the classification, and was identified with a green jersey.Nauright Parrish 2012 453–454 The system for the points classification was changed for the 1985 Tour: in previous years, more points were earned in flat stages than in mountain stages, which gave sprinters an advantage in this classification; while in 1985, all stages gave 25 points for the winner, down to 1 point for 25th place.http://kranten.kb.nl/view/article/id/ddd%3A010962071%3Ampeg21%3Ap021%3Aa0310 https://archive.today/20131229131704/http://kranten.kb.nl/view/article/id/ddd:010962071:mpeg21:p021:a0310 dead 29 December 2013 Ruim ton voor winnaar nl Koninklijke Bibliotheek Het Vrije Volk 28 June 1985 21 29 December 2013 More Than a Ton for the Winnervan den Akker 2018 154 Unlike in many other years, between 1984 and 1986, intermediate sprints did not award points for this classification.van den Akker 2018 180 Sean Kelly won the classification for a record-equalling third time.Ryan 2018 171 His 434 points were 69.4% of the maximum possible amount obtainable, a record 2019 y.van den Akker 2018 158 There was also a mountains classification. The points system for the classification was changed: mountains in the toughest categories gave more points, to reduce the influence of the minor hills on this classification. The organisation had categorised some climbs as either hors catégorie, first, second, third, or fourth-category; points for this classification were won by the first cyclists that reached the top of these climbs first, with more points available for the higher-categorised climbs.Nauright Parrish 2012 454 Hors catégorie climbs awarded 40 points to the first rider across, down to 1 point for the 15th rider. First-category mountains awarded 30 points to the first rider to reach the top, with the other three categories awarding 20, 7, and 4 points respectively to the first man across the summit.van den Akker 2018 163 The cyclist with the most points led the classification, and wore a white jersey with red polka dots.Nauright Parrish 2012 454 Luis Herrera won the mountains classification.Augendre 2016 76 thumb|upright|The 1985 Tour de France combination classification jersey won by Greg LeMond|alt=Multi-coloured cycling jersey on an upper-body mannequin The combination jersey for the combination classification was introduced in this year's Tour. This classification was calculated as a combination of the other classifications:Nauright Parrish 2012 454–455 a first place in one of the classifications awarded 25 points, down to 1 point for 25th place. Only the general, mountains, points, and intermediate sprint classifications were included here.van den Akker 2018 187 The winner of this classification was Greg LeMond.Laget et al. 2013 232 Another classification was the young rider classification. This was decided the same way as the general classification, but only riders that rode the Tour for the first time were eligible, and the leader wore a white jersey.Nauright Parrish 2012 454–455van den Akker 2018 174 The winner of this classification was Fabio Parra, who finished in eighth place in the general classification.Augendre 2016 76 The sixth individual classification was the intermediate sprints classification. This classification had similar rules as the points classification, but only awarded points at intermediate sprints. Its leader wore a red jersey.Nauright Parrish 2012 455 The intermediate sprints awarded more points the more the Tour progressed, from 3, 2, and 1 points for the first three riders across during stages 1 to 5 to 12, 8, and 4 points respectively during the last five stages.van den Akker 2018 181 The classification was won by Jozef Lieckens (LTS 1985 yes). For the team classification, the times of the best three cyclists per team on each stage were added; the leading team was the team with the lowest total time. The riders in the team that led this classification were identified by yellow caps.Nauright Parrish 2012 455 There was also a team points classification. Cyclists received points according to their finishing position on each stage, with the first rider receiving one point. The first three finishers of each team had their points combined, and the team with the fewest points led the classification. The riders of the team leading this classification wore green caps.Nauright Parrish 2012 455 LVC 1985 yes led both classifications after the prologue as well as from stage 8 until the finish.van den Akker 2018 190 In addition, there was a combativity award, in which a jury composed of journalists gave points after each mass-start stage to the cyclist they considered most combative. The split stages each had a combined winner.van den Akker 2018 211–216 At the conclusion of the Tour, Maarten Ducrot won the overall super-combativity award, also decided by journalists.Augendre 2016 76 The Souvenir Henri Desgrange was given in honour of Tour founder Henri Desgrange to the first rider to pass the summit of the Col du Tourmalet on stage 17. This prize was won by Pello Ruiz Cabestany.Greg LeMond gevangen in keurslijf Greg LeMond caught in straitjacket https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010962087:mpeg21:p017 Het Vrije Volk 17 July 1985 17 nl Delpher The 1985 Tour was the last to feature what was called "flying stages", introduced in 1977: on stages 4 and 11, there was a finish line at the midway point of the course, which was treated as a stage finish but the race continued uninterrupted afterwards. Kim Andersen was the first to cross the line on stage 4, while Eric Vanderaerden took the honours on stage 11. They received the same prizes as regular stage winners, including prize money, time bonuses and points for the points classification, but the times were not taken for the general classification. Officially, they were also supposed to be counted as stage victories, but the public did not accept the concept and both are today not included in stage winner statistics. The idea was scrapped the following year.van den Akker 2018 79 In total, the Tour organisers paid out 3,003,050 French francs in prize money, with 40,000 and an apartment valued at 120,000 francs given to the winner of the general classification.Woodland 2007 313 + Classification leadership tablehttp://krantenarchief.concentra.be/vw/article.do?code=GVA&date=19850722&id=GVA-19850722-01023005 Dag na dag Day to day nl Gazet van Antwerpen 22 July 1985 23 https://web.archive.org/web/20190214185433/http://krantenarchief.concentra.be/vw/article.do?code=GVA&date=19850722&id=GVA-19850722-01023005 14 February 2019 liveMartin 1985 124–125van den Akker Pieter Informatie over de Tour de France van 1985 Information about the Tour de France from 1985 http://www.tourdefrancestatistieken.nl/tour.php?jaar=1985 https://web.archive.org/web/20190302051056/http://www.tourdefrancestatistieken.nl/tour.php?jaar=1985 2 March 2019 nl TourDeFranceStatistieken.nl 2 March 2019 live Stage Stage winner General classification25px|alt=|link= Points classification25px|alt=|link= Mountains classification25px|alt=|link= Young rider classification25px|alt=|link= Combination classification25px|alt=|link= Intermediate sprints classification25px|alt=|link= Team classifications Combativity award By time By points PBernard Hinault Bernard Hinault Bernard Hinault Bernard Hinault Steve Bauer Bernard Hinaultno award LVC 1985 LVC 1985 no award 1 Rudy Matthijs Eric Vanderaerden Eric Vanderaerden Maarten Ducrot Eric Vanderaerden Maarten Ducrot La Redoute 1985 Maarten Ducrot 2 Rudy Matthijs Eric Vanderaerden Marc Gomez 3 LVC 1985 no award 4 Gerrit Solleveld Kim Andersen Adri van der Poel Kim Andersen Sean Kelly Peugeot 1985 Hennie Kuiper 5 Henri Manders Eric Vanderaerden La Redoute 1985 Teun van Vliet 6 Francis Castaing Kim Andersen Peugeot 1985 Jørgen V. Pedersen 7 Ludwig Wijnants Eric Vanderaerden PSC 1985 Luis Herrera 8 Bernard Hinault Bernard Hinault Sean Kelly Sean Kelly LVC 1985 no award 9 Maarten Ducrot Luis Herrera Greg LeMond René Bittinger 10 Jørgen V. Pedersen Dominique Arnaud 11 Luis Herrera Bernard Hinault 12 Fabio Parra Jozef Lieckens Eduardo Chozas 13 Eric Vanderaerden no award 14 Luis Herrera Luis Herrera 15 Eduardo Chozas Eduardo Chozas 16 Frédéric Vichot Frédéric Vichot 17 Pedro Delgado Fabio Parra Pello Ruiz Cabestany 18a Stephen Roche Sean Kelly Álvaro Pino 18b Régis Simon 19 Eric Vanderaerden Eduardo Chozas 20 Johan Lammerts Ludo Peeters 21 Greg LeMond Greg LeMond no award 22 Rudy Matthijs Marc Madiot Final Bernard Hinault Sean Kelly white Luis Herrera Luis Herrera (cyclist) Fabio Parra Greg LeMond white Jozef Lieckens yes LVC 1985 LVC 1985 Maarten Ducrot Race overview 1985 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 11 1985 Tour de France, Stage 12 to Stage 22 Stage 12 to Stage 22 thumb|150px|Sean Kelly won the points classification for a record-equalling third time.|alt=Photograph of Sean Kelly in black-and-white cycling uniform riding on his racing bicycle Opening stages Hinault laid down a claim towards his fifth Tour victory immediately by winning the prologue time trial. LeMond suffered mechanical issues, as a jammed chain slowed him in the final section of the course. He nevertheless finished fifth, 21 seconds behind Hinault.Moore 2011 150 Eric Vanderaerden was second, four seconds slower than Hinault, ahead of Roche in third place.Bernard Hinault winaar Proloog Tour de France https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010643378:mpeg21:p009 Amigoe 29 June 1985 9 nl Bernard Hinault winner – prologue of the Tour de France Delpher Alfons De Wolf (Fagor2 1985 yes) arrived five minutes late for his start and then lost another two minutes to Hinault, eliminating him from the race before reaching the first stage proper due to having missed the time limit.Wheatcroft 2013 254–255 Rudy Matthijs (Splendor 1985 yes) won the first stage from a bunch sprint, ahead of Vanderaerden, who with the help of time bonuses took over the race leader's yellow jersey. Maarten Ducrot (RAB 1985) had gone on a 205 km mi on solo breakaway and held a maximum lead of 16 minutes, but was caught with 22 km mi on to go.Rudy Matthijs wint 1e etappe https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010643378:mpeg21:p009 Amigoe 29 June 1985 9 nl Rudy Matthijs wins first stage Delpher Ángel Arroyo, who won second place in 1983, abandoned the race after just 123 km mi on into the first stage.Debâcle Arroyo https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010565771:mpeg21:p014 Leeuwarder Courant 1 July 1985 14 nl Debacle Arroyo Delpher Matthijs made it two stage wins in a row on the second stage, this time coming out on top in a sprint ahead of Sean Kelly.Uitslagen van Tour https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010565771:mpeg21:p014 Leeuwarder Courant 1 July 1985 14 nl Results of the Tour Delpher LVC 1985 yes won the stage 3 team time trial by over a minute ahead of the next-best team. Their team coach, Paul Köchli, had made the decision to fit faster wheels to the slower riders, balancing out the performance of the squad.Fotheringham 2015 256 While Vanderaerden held on to the yellow jersey courtesy of the time bonuses he had collected earlier, the eight riders behind him on general classification came from LVC 1985 yes.McGann McGann 2008 155 Hinault, however, was bothered by the large amount of reporters and photographers behind the finish line, punching one of them on the chin.Moore 2011 150 Stage 4 saw the first successful breakaway, with a seven-rider group finishing 46 seconds ahead of the main field. While Gerrit Solleveld (RAB 1985 yes) won the stage, Kim Andersen took the overall lead for LVC 1985 yes.McGann McGann 2008 156 Future five-time Tour winner Miguel Induráin abandoned during stage 4.Augendre 2016 76 Stage 5 into Roubaix, which featured some cobbled roads, was won by Henri Manders (RAB 1985 yes). He had been in a breakaway with Teun van Vliet (Verandalux 1985b), who had done most of the work on the front, before Manders left him about 20 km mi on before the finish when van Vliet developed spasms in his legs.de Vries Guido Raas dirigeert Manders naar omstreden zege https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=KBNRC01:000029795:mpeg21:p019 NRC Handelsblad 4 July 1985 19 nl Raas directs Manders to a controversial victory Delpher Stage 6 saw a controversial sprint finish in Reims. During the sprint, Kelly and Vanderaerden pushed against each other, forcing Kelly towards the barriers. Vanderaerden crossed the line first and received the stage honours and the yellow jersey on the podium. Later however, the race jury decided to relegate both Kelly and Vanderaerden to the back of their group in the stage results, giving the stage victory to Francis Castaing (Peugeot 1985 yes), while Andersen kept the race lead. LeMond, who had mixed himself into the sprint, was raised from fourth to second, giving him a twenty-second time bonus. This allowed him to move into third place in the general classification, two seconds ahead of Hinault.McGann McGann 2008 156Ryan 2018 167–168 With 51 km mi on raced into stage 7, an eight-rider group attacked, including Ludwig Wijnants (Tönissteiner 1985), but were brought back 27 km mi on later. Luis Herrera was active later in the stage, establishing a breakaway after 193 km mi on. From this group, Wijnants, again in the breakaway, attacked with 3 km mi on to go. Just as Herrera brought him back 2 km mi on later, Wijnants attacked again to claim the stage win.Pelicula de la etapa http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1985/07/16/MD19850716-025.pdf Mundo Deportivo 6 July 1985 25 es Movie of the stage Vosges and Jura Stage 8 saw the first long individual time trial of the Tour. At 75 km mi on, it was the longest individual time trial in the Tour since 1960.Van Gucht 2015 172 Bernard Hinault won the stage by a high margin, with second-placed Roche 2:20 minutes slower.Rendell 2008 216 Hinault even caught and passed Sean Kelly, who had started two minutes ahead of him, and proceeded to gain another minute on him. Third was Mottet, ahead of LeMond, who lost 2:34 minutes to Hinault.McGann McGann 2008 156 While Hinault regained the race lead, LeMond was now his closest challenger, 2:32 minutes behind on the general classification, with Anderson and Roche already almost four minutes behind.Fotheringham 2015 256–257 Dietrich Thurau (Splendor 1985 yes) was given a one-minute time penalty for drafting behind Mottet.In time trials, the riders are not allowed to use the slipstream of another rider they encounter, in order to preserve the individual effort of the discipline. Therefore, a distance of 25 m yd on is to be kept.Wilcockson 2019 18 Angry at the decision, Thurau physically attacked the judge who had handed out the penalty, grabbing him by the throat, and was subsequently ejected from the race on stage 10.Thurau, expulsado de carrera http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1985/07/09/MD19850709-030.pdf Mundo Deportivo 9 July 1985 30 es Thurau, expelled from the raceThurau claimed that the judge, Raymond Trine from Belgium, held a grudge against him, having already handed out a penalty for doping at the 1980 German championships which was later overturned. He also held the opinion that if he were to be penalised, Mottet should be as well, who he claimed had drafted as well.Abt 2005 28 The next stage to Épinal was won by Maarten Ducrot, 38 seconds ahead of René Bittinger (SKIL 1985 yes). Jeronimo Ibañez Escribano (Artiach 1985b yes) was taken to the hospital, following a crash 8 km mi on from the finish.Dutchman Wins the Ninth Leg https://www.newspapers.com/clip/48461021/ Los Angeles Times Associated Press Épinal 8 July 1985 36 Newspapers.com On stage 10, Jørgen V. Pedersen won the day for CAR 1985 in a sprint finish, beating Johan Lammerts (PSC 1985 yes). Hinault finished 15th and retained his lead in the overall standings.Hinault retains cycling lead https://www.newspapers.com/clip/48461105/ Austin American-Statesman 9 July 1985 Pontarlier 20 Newspapers.com Paul Sherwen (La Redoute 1985 yes) was involved in a crash just 1 km mi on into the stage and suffered throughout, reaching the finish more than an hour behind Pedersen. Since he arrived so late, he had to traverse in between spectators who thought no more riders would come across the route. He was well outside the time limit, but the race jury, against the advice of the race director, decided to allow him to start the next stage, naming his "courage" after his early fall as the reason for their decision.Burgess Charles Sherwen's Courage Wins Judges' Vote https://www.newspapers.com/image/260209505 24 April 2020 The Guardian 9 July 1985 29 Newspapers.comAbt 2005 28–29 Alps thumb|Stephen Roche (pictured at the 1993 Tour de France) finished the Tour third overall.|alt=Photograph of Roche from the front, wearing a blue-and-white cycling uniform and riding a racing bicycle The race entered the high mountains on stage 11 with the first leg in the Alps to Avoriaz. The route crossed the summits of the Pas de Morgins and Le Corbier before arriving in Morzine for the final ascent. Hinault strengthened his claim on the overall victory by escaping early with Luis Herrera, who by now was too far down in the general classification to be a threat. Instead, Herrera collected the points for the mountains classification, a lead which he would hold until the end of the race. Herrera also won the stage, seven seconds ahead of Hinault. LeMond lost 1:41, coming in fifth in a group with Delgado and Fabio Parra (CAF 1985 yes). Hinault's lead therefore increased to exactly four minutes on second-placed LeMond in the overall standings.McGann McGann 2008 157Fotheringham 2015 257 Even though stage 12 featured seven categorised climbs, it saw no changes on the top of the general classification,McGann McGann 2008 157 as Parra and Herrera fought out the victory between teammates. This time, it was Parra who emerged the winner, on the same time as Herrera. Kelly and Niki Rüttimann (LVC 1985 yes) followed 38 seconds down, one second ahead of the group containing the other favourites, led home by Roche.Parra battles teammate to win 12th leg of Tour https://www.newspapers.com/clip/48461474/ The Ottawa Citizen United Press International 11 July 1985 Lans-en-Vercors 66 Newspapers.com During the stage, Joël Pelier (SKIL 1985 yes), riding his first Tour, had followed Herrera, thinking he was joining a breakaway, not realising that Herrera was only sprinting for mountain points. Hinault, who was generally accepted as the patron, meaning the most influential rider, was unhappy with the acceleration in the field, as he wanted the tempo to remain slow. This led to an altercation between the two, with Hinault riding up to Pelier and to complain.Moore 2014 53–54Fotheringham 2015 259The split between Pelier and Hinault lasted over a year, until they became friends when Pelier supported Hinault during the 1986 World Championships. During the 1989 Tour de France, when Hinault was working as a consultant to the Tour organisation, Pelier was in an eventually successful solo breakaway, on stage 6 to Futuroscope. Pelier was surprised to find that Hinault drove up next to him in the organisers' car and cheered him on.Moore 2014 54 Weakened by his attacking riding style over the previous days, Hinault placed only second in the mountain time trial to Villard-de-Lans, about a minute behind Vanderaerden. Yet, his advantage over LeMond, who again had mechanical issues, increased to 5:23 minutes on the general classification.McGann McGann 2008 157 Roche lost 16 seconds to Hinault, Anderson 24 seconds and Kelly 35 seconds. Roche remained the closest competitor to the LVC 1985 yes duo, sitting third overall, 6:08 minutes behind Hinault, with Kelly fourth, at 6:35 minutes. Anderson was sixth, behind Bauer.Vanderaerden heeft wind mee en wint verrassend de tijdrit https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010565781:mpeg21:p006 Leeuwarder Courant Geassocieerde Pers Diensten 12 July 1985 Villard-de-Lans 6 nl Delpher Vanderaerden has a tailwind and surprisingly wins the time trial Transition through Massif Central Following the only rest day of the Tour, stage 14 took the riders to Saint-Étienne in the Massif Central. The stage, following a hilly route, saw Luis Herrera attack again and gain more points for the mountains classification. Although he crashed on the final descent of the day, he prevailed to reach the finish line first, soaked in blood, 47 seconds ahead of a small group of riders containing LeMond.Top Riders Injured in Tour de France https://www.newspapers.com/clip/48461563/ Reno Gazette-Journal Associated Press 14 July 1985 Saint-Étienne 32 Newspapers.com Hinault followed in a group almost two minutes later. As they approached the finish, Bauer's rear wheel hit a piece of traffic furniture. As his bike moved sideways, it touched Anderson's, who crashed and brought down Hinault with him. The latter suffered a broken nose, but was able to finish the stage. As the accident had occurred within the final kilometre, the time he lost in the crash was not counted. However, Hinault rode the rest of the Tour with a stitched nose and two black eyes, caused by his sunglasses breaking when he fell.Fotheringham 2015 259Moore 2011 152–153Rendell 2008 214 As a result of LeMond finishing ahead of him, Hinault's overall lead was cut down to 3:32 minutes. Stage 15 was another transition stage. Hennie Kuiper (Verandalux 1985b), winner of Milan–San Remo earlier in the year, did not take the start. Pedro Muñoz abandoned the race after 30 km mi on. Jean-Claude Bagot (Fagor2 1985 yes) escaped on the third climb of the day, after 96 km mi on. After he was recaptured, another attack went, containing Joël Pelier. Hinault, suffering from his injuries, was unhappy with the accelerations and brought the escape group back himself, not least due to the participation of Pelier. After 134 km mi on, Eduardo Chozas (MOV 1985 yes) attacked on a downhill section and managed to get away from the field. By the time he crossed the summit of the Col d'Entremont after 180 km mi on, his lead had increased to over ten minutes. With 15 km mi on left to ride, the gap had increased to over 11 minutes, while Ludo Peeters (RAB 1985 yes) escaped from the main field. At the finish, Chozas took victory, 9:51 minutes ahead of Peeters, who just held off the group of favourites, led by Kelly. Hinault retained the race lead, while Chozas rose to seventh overall.Pelicula de la etapa http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1985/07/15/MD19850715-003.pdf Mundo Deportivo 15 July 1985 3 es Movie of the Stage Another stage with minor categorised climbs followed the next day. Frédéric Vichot (SKIL 1985 yes) broke clear of the field after 38 km mi on, building a maximum lead of more than twenty minutes. As he approached the finish, his advantage decreased significantly, but he won the stage, 3:12 minutes ahead of Mottet and Bontempi, as Hinault remained the leader of the race overall.Pelicula de la etapa http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1985/07/16/MD19850716-025.pdf Mundo Deportivo 16 July 1985 25 es Movie of the Stage Pyrenees My team stopped me. Köchli said to me: "How dare you attack Hinault when he's in difficulty?" They lost me the Tour because they told me to stop working, when I was strong enough to attack. –Greg LeMond, describing his view of the controversial stage 17Moore 2011 159 25% right Congestion in his broken nose had led to bronchitis for Hinault, severely impacting his ability to perform. He was therefore weakened as the race entered the Pyrenees on stage 17. On the Col du Tourmalet, REN 1985 yes set a high tempo, putting Hinault into difficulty. Pedro Delgado later recalled that he saw Hinault yelling at Herrera, at which point he decided to attack.Fotheringham 2015 259–260 With Delgado went Roche and LeMond, as well as Parra. Early leader Pello Ruiz Cabestany (Artiach 1985b yes) led over the top of the Tourmalet, 1:18 minutes ahead of Delgado, followed by LeMond, Roche, and Parra two minutes down.Pelicula de la etapa http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1985/07/17/pagina-4/1125238/pdf.html#&mode=fullScreen 17 April 2020 Mundo Deportivo 17 July 1985 4 es Movie of the Stage As they approached the final ascent to Luz Ardiden, LeMond and Roche were in front. LeMond asked his team car about the gap to Hinault. Koechli told LeMond that Hinault was only 45 seconds behind him and that he was not allowed to work with Roche, in order not to endanger LVC 1985 yes standing first and second on the general classification. He was told to hold station or attack and distance Roche. The latter heard the conversation between LeMond and his team car and remained alert, leading to both cancelling each other out and allowing other riders to catch back up. When LeMond saw that Hinault was not among them, he began to suspect that the gap he had been told was not correct.de Visé 2019 124–127 Delgado attacked from the main group and won the stage. LeMond eventually finished fifth, 2:52 minutes behind, and gained little over a minute on Hinault.Fotheringham 2015 261McGann McGann 2008 160Abt 1990 94 At the finish, LeMond was visibly angry when interviewed by American television, saying that he felt betrayed by his team of a chance to win the Tour.Moore 2011 158–159 In the general classification, Hinault remained in front, with LeMond 2:25 minutes behind.McGann McGann 2008 160 Views on the stage differ. LeMond describes how he was ready to quit the Tour that night, being severely disappointed by his team's refusal to let him work with Roche in order to win the Tour. Hinault meanwhile maintains that there were no bad feelings inside LVC 1985 yes during the 1985 Tour and that it was a clear case of not attacking a teammate who has the race lead.Moore 2011 159–160 Later the same day, team owner Tapie and Hinault convinced LeMond to continue riding by assuring him that the year after, Hinault would work for LeMond.de Visé 2019 128 LeMond emerged from the meeting with a different public statement, telling the press that he got carried away after the finish and that he would continue to work for Hinault.Abt 1990 94 Stage 18a, which was held in the morning, had a summit finish on the Col d'Aubisque. Roche attacked on the final ascent and won the stage, taking one-and-a-half minutes out of Hinault's lead.Rendell 2008 216 According to LeMond, Hinault was suffering so badly this time that LeMond had to push his teammate in order to conserve the race lead.de Visé 2019 128Moore 2011 158–160 Stage 18b in the afternoon was won by Roche's La Redoute 1985 yes teammate Régis Simon, who beat Álvaro Pino (ZOR 1985 yes) in a two-man sprint to the finish line.Régis Simon even uit schaduw broers https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010962088:mpeg21:p015 23 April 2020 Het Vrije Volk 18 July 1985 15 nl Régis Simon out of his brothers' shadows Delpher After the two split stages, Hinault's lead over LeMond stood at 2:13 minutes, with Roche in third, 3:30 minutes behind.Moore 2011 160 Final stages thumb|140px|Greg LeMond (pictured at the 1989 Tour de France) finished in second place overall to his teammate Hinault.|alt=LeMond's head shown from the side, wearing a cycling jersey with a towel wrapped around his shoulders With only one time trial to come, victory appeared all but secure for Hinault. Speaking to journalist Samuel Abt of The New York Times, five-time Tour winner Anquetil declared that he and Merckx would "accept him in our club with pleasure".Abt Samuel Victory Within Reach of Weary Hinault https://www.nytimes.com/1985/07/18/sports/victory-within-reach-of-weary-hinault.html 24 April 2020 The New York Times 18 July 1985 Stage 19 to Bordeaux remained uneventful until about 30 km mi on to the finish, when several riders tried, but failed, to escape. The race then settled for a bunch sprint, won by Vanderaerden ahead of Kelly by a very small margin. It was the first time during this Tour that the entire field, still 145 riders strong, reached the finish together.Burgess Charles Second Again for Maverick Kelly https://www.newspapers.com/image/260218768/ 24 April 2020 The Guardian 19 July 1985 24 Newspapers.com The following day, Johan Lammerts achieved the third stage victory for the PSC 1985 yes team. He had broken away with four other riders with 35 km mi on to go and went clear of them 9 km mi on from the finish to win by 21 seconds ahead of Andersen. LeMond gained several seconds through bonuses at intermediate sprints, closing the gap to Hinault to 1:59 minutes.Burgess Charles Paris Awaits Hinault https://www.newspapers.com/image/260219249/ 24 April 2020 The Guardian 20 July 1985 12 Newspapers.com On the penultimate day of the Tour, stage 21 saw the final time trial, around Lac de Vassivière near Limoges. LeMond did not incur any mechanical difficulties this time and won the stage, five seconds faster than Hinault. It was not only the first stage win for LeMond, but the first for a rider from the United States.de Visé 2019 128 After the stage, LeMond said: "Now I know I can beat Hinault. I know I can win the Tour de France."Moore 2011 161 Third place went to Anderson, who finished 31 seconds slower than LeMond, with Kelly in fourth, 54 seconds adrift, five seconds faster than Roche.Stage 21 to LeMond, but Hinault Holds Lead https://www.newspapers.com/image/438514740/ 24 April 2020 The Boston Globe United Press International 21 July 1985 77 Newspapers.com The final stage into Paris was, per tradition, a ceremonial affair, with no attacks to alter the general classification.Woodland 2007 84 In the final sprint, Rudy Matthijs took his third stage victory,Matthijs lacht ook op Champs Elysées https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ABCDDD:010831141:mpeg21:p013 24 April 2020 Het Parool 22 July 1985 15 nl Matthijs laughs on the Champs Elysées as well Delpher with Sean Kelly finishing in second place for the fifth time during this Tour.Ryan 2018 171 Hinault finished safely in the field to win his fifth Tour de France,Smith 2009 79 putting him equal with Anquetil and Merckx as record winner of the event, as well as securing his second Giro-Tour double, winning both races in the same year.McGann McGann 2008 162 During the final stage, Pedro Delgado used the small categorised climbs along the route to move past Robert Millar into second place in the mountains classification, ensuring his team the prize money that went with it.Moore 2008 198–199The magazine Cycling described Delgado's attack as the "final humiliation" for Millar, who had lost the 1985 Vuelta a España to Delgado in a controversial penultimate stage, where Delgado had escaped and was aided by Spanish compatriots to dislodge Millar of overall victory.Moore 2008 198–199 Hinault's final victory margin over LeMond was 1:42 minutes.Fife 2000 55 Roche rounded out the podium in third place, 4:29 minutes behind. His compatriot Kelly finished fourth overall, at 6:26 minutes, ahead of Anderson.McGann McGann 2008 161 Five teams finished the Tour with all ten riders still in the race: LVC 1985 yes, SKIL 1985 yes, RAB 1985 yes, Peugeot 1985 yes, and PSC 1985 yes.van den Akker 2018 39 Final standings + Legend Jersey colour Classification Jersey colour Classification 20px|link=General classification in the Tour de France|alt=A yellow jersey. Denotes the winner of the general classification 20px|link=Points classification in the Tour de France|alt=A green jersey. Denotes the winner of the points classification 20px|link=Mountains classification in the Tour de France|alt=A white jersey with red polka dots. Denotes the winner of the mountains classification 20px|link=Young rider classification in the Tour de France|alt=A white jersey. Denotes the winner of the young rider classification 20px|link=Combination classification in the Tour de France|alt=A multi-coloured jersey. Denotes the winner of the combination classification 20px|link=Intermediate sprints classification in the Tour de France|alt=A red jersey. Denotes the winner of the intermediate sprints classification General classification + Final general classification (1–10)The history of the Tour de France – Year 1985 – Stage 22 Orléans > Paris http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1985/2200/etape.html Tour de France Amaury Sport Organisation 2 April 2020 2 April 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200402222225/http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1985/2200/etape.html dead Rank Rider Team Time 1 Bernard Hinault FRA 20px|link=General classification in the Tour de France|alt=A yellow jersey. LVC 1985 113h 24' 23" 2 Greg LeMond USA 20px|link=Combination classification in the Tour de France|alt=A multi-coloured jersey. LVC 1985 + 1' 42" 3 Stephen Roche IRE La Redoute 1985 + 4' 29" 4 Sean Kelly IRE 20px|link=Points classification in the Tour de France|alt=A green jersey. SKIL 1985 + 6' 26" 5 Phil Anderson AUS PSC 1985 + 7' 44" 6 Pedro Delgado ESP Artiach 1985b + 11' 53" 7 Luis Herrera COL 20px|link=Mountains classification in the Tour de France|alt=A white jersey with red polka dots. CAF 1985 + 12' 53" 8 Fabio Parra COL 20px|link=Young rider classification in the Tour de France|alt=A white jersey. CAF 1985 + 13' 35" 9 Eduardo Chozas ESP MOV 1985 + 13' 56" 10 Steve Bauer CAN LVC 1985 + 14' 57" Final general classification (11–144) Rank Rider Team Time 11 Robert Millar GBR Peugeot 1985 + 15' 10" 12 Joop Zoetemelk NED RAB 1985 + 15' 24" 13 Niki Rüttimann SUI LVC 1985 + 16' 02" 14 Eddy Schepers BEL LOT 1985 + 16' 13" 15 Peter Winnen NED PSC 1985 + 17' 35" 16 Robert Forest FRA Peugeot 1985 + 17' 45" 17 Celestino Prieto ESP MOV 1985 + 19' 48" 18 Claude Criquielion BEL Hitachi 1985 + 21' 12" 19 Álvaro Pino ESP ZOR 1985 + 21' 35" 20 Pascal Simon FRA Peugeot 1985 + 23' 30" 21 Pierre Bazzo FRA Fagor2 1985 + 23' 36" 22 Dominique Arnaud FRA LVC 1985 + 26' 28" 23 Beat Breu SUI CAR 1985 + 29' 42" 24 Jérôme Simon FRA La Redoute 1985 + 32' 52" 25 Steven Rooks NED PSC 1985 + 33' 21" 26 Marc Madiot FRA REN 1985 + 33' 58" 27 Lucien Van Impe BEL BRD 1985 + 34' 16" 28 Gerard Veldscholten NED PSC 1985 + 35' 44" 29 Thierry Claveyrolat FRA La Redoute 1985 + 39' 16" 30 Jesús Rodríguez ESP ZOR 1985 + 39' 38" 31 Frédéric Vichot FRA SKIL 1985 + 40' 02" 32 Paul Wellens BEL Tönissteiner 1985 + 40' 20" 33 Paul Haghedooren BEL LOT 1985 + 40' 37" 34 Éric Caritoux FRA SKIL 1985 + 41' 53" 35 Dominique Garde FRA SKIL 1985 + 42' 26" 36 Charly Mottet FRA REN 1985 + 42' 57" 37 Gilles Mas FRA SKIL 1985 + 45' 10" 38 Iñaki Gastón ESP MOV 1985 + 45' 53" 39 Faustino Rupérez ESP ZOR 1985 + 46' 12" 40 Jean-Philippe Vandenbrande BEL Hitachi 1985 + 48' 36" 41 Reynel Montoya COL CAF 1985 + 48' 46" 42 Pascal Poisson FRA REN 1985 + 53' 41" 43 Rafaël Antonio Acevedo COL CAF 1985 + 54' 12" 44 Alain Vigneron FRA LVC 1985 + 55' 45" 45 Jokin Mújika ESP Artiach 1985b + 55' 54" 46 Bernard Vallet FRA LVC 1985 + 59' 50" 47 Kim Andersen DEN LVC 1985 + 1h 00' 32" 48 Ludo Peeters BEL RAB 1985 + 1h 01' 55" 49 Roberto Visentini ITA CAR 1985 + 1h 03' 08" 50 Jørgen V. Pedersen DEN CAR 1985 + 1h 05' 42" 51 Adri van der Poel NED RAB 1985 + 1h 07' 29" 52 Jan Wijnants BEL Tönissteiner 1985 + 1h 08' 23" 53 Laurent Biondi FRA Hitachi 1985 + 1h 08' 37" 54 Pello Ruiz ESP Artiach 1985b + 1h 12' 06" 55 Jacques van Meer NED SKIL 1985 + 1h 12' 41" 56 Denis Roux FRA REN 1985 + 1h 14' 26" 57 Philippe Chevallier FRA REN 1985 + 1h 15' 19" 58 Hendrik Devos BEL Hitachi 1985 + 1h 16' 32" 59 Marc Sergeant BEL LOT 1985 + 1h 19' 10" 60 Martin Earley IRE Fagor2 1985 + 1h 20' 36" 61 Gilbert Duclos-Lassalle FRA Peugeot 1985 + 1h 20' 56" 62 Enrique Aja ESP MOV 1985 + 1h 24' 23" 63 Ludwig Wijnants BEL Tönissteiner 1985 + 1h 24' 36" 64 Marc Durant FRA ZOR 1985 + 1h 25' 07" 65 Jean-Claude Bagot FRA Fagor2 1985 + 1h 25' 37" 66 Herman Loaiza COL CAF 1985 + 1h 26' 42" 67 Thierry Marie FRA REN 1985 + 1h 27' 50" 68 Yvan Frebert FRA Peugeot 1985 + 1h 30' 51" 69 Jean-Louis Gauthier FRA La Redoute 1985 + 1h 31' 08" 70 Rudy Rogiers BEL Hitachi 1985 + 1h 33' 38" 71 Christian Jourdan FRA LVC 1985 + 1h 34' 31" 72 Yvon Madiot FRA REN 1985 + 1h 35' 55" 73 Carlos Jaramillo COL CAF 1985 + 1h 38' 52" 74 Douglas Shapiro USA RAB 1985 + 1h 39' 34" 75 Johan Lammerts NED PSC 1985 + 1h 40' 12" 76 Carlos Hernández ESP MOV 1985 + 1h 40' 27" 77 René Bittinger FRA SKIL 1985 + 1h 40' 32" 78 Joël Pelier FRA SKIL 1985 + 1h 43' 33" 79 Leo van Vliet NED RAB 1985 + 1h 44' 10" 80 Theo de Rooij NED PSC 1985 + 1h 48' 22" 81 François Lemarchand FRA Fagor2 1985 + 1h 50' 40" 82 Henk Lubberding NED PSC 1985 + 1h 51' 48" 83 Anastasio Greciano ESP Artiach 1985b + 1h 53' 27" 84 Maarten Ducrot NED RAB 1985 + 1h 53' 57" 85 Jesus Hernández ESP MOV 1985 + 1h 54' 13" 86 Allan Peiper AUS Peugeot 1985 + 1h 56' 54" 87 Eric Vanderaerden BEL PSC 1985 + 1h 58' 36" 88 Adrie van Houwelingen NED Verandalux 1985b + 1h 59' 32" 89 Czesław Lang POL CAR 1985 + 2h 00' 49" 90 Philippe Poissonnier FRA SKIL 1985 + 2h 00' 50" 91 Henri Manders NED RAB 1985 + 2h 01' 41" 92 Pierre Le Bigaut FRA La Redoute 1985 + 2h 01' 53" 93 Willem Van Eynde BEL LOT 1985 + 2h 01' 55" 94 Manuel (Imanol) Murga ESP Artiach 1985b + 2h 02' 13" 95 Elio Festa ITA BRD 1985 + 2h 02' 21" 96 Michel Dernies BEL LOT 1985 + 2h 05' 54" 97 Claudio Fasolo ITA BRD 1985 + 2h 05' 55" 98 Hubert Linard FRA Peugeot 1985 + 2h 06' 57" 99 Marc Gomez FRA LVC 1985 + 2h 07' 06" 100 Régis Simon FRA La Redoute 1985 + 2h 09' 03" 101 Rudy Dhaenens BEL Hitachi 1985 + 2h 09' 23" 102 Guy Gallopin FRA SKIL 1985 + 2h 09' 23" 103 Aloïs Wouters BEL Tönissteiner 1985 + 2h 09' 36" 104 Jan van Houwelingen NED Verandalux 1985b + 2h 10' 30" 105 Giancarlo Perini ITA CAR 1985 + 2h 10' 40" 106 Ad Wijnands NED RAB 1985 + 2h 11' 08" 107 Luis Vicente ESP Artiach 1985b + 2h 12' 00" 108 Patrick Toelen BEL Hitachi 1985 + 2h 12' 21" 109 Anselmo Fuerte ESP ZOR 1985 + 2h 12' 22" 110 Gerrit Solleveld NED RAB 1985 + 2h 12' 32" 111 Rudy Patry BEL Tönissteiner 1985 + 2h 16' 46" 112 Guido Bontempi ITA CAR 1985 + 2h 17' 15" 113 Guy Nulens BEL PSC 1985 + 2h 19' 40" 114 Erich Mächler SUI CAR 1985 + 2h 20' 15" 115 Jelle Nijdam NED RAB 1985 + 2h 21' 39" 116 Dominique Gaigne FRA REN 1985 + 2h 23' 23" 117 Jean-Marie Wampers BEL Hitachi 1985 + 2h 24' 59" 118 Nestor Oswaldo Mora COL CAF 1985 + 2h 28' 21" 119 Ferdi Van Den Haute BEL La Redoute 1985 + 2h 28' 54" 120 Noël Segers BEL Tönissteiner 1985 + 2h 36' 25" 121 Alain Bondue FRA La Redoute 1985 + 2h 37' 06" 122 Sean Yates GBR Peugeot 1985 + 2h 37' 36" 123 André Lurquin BEL Tönissteiner 1985 + 2h 38' 04" 124 Jos Jacobs BEL Verandalux 1985b + 2h 38' 54" 125 José Del Ramo ESP Artiach 1985b + 2h 39' 40" 126 Ludo De Keulenaer BEL PSC 1985 + 2h 39' 52" 127 Eric McKenzie NZL LOT 1985 + 2h 40' 41" 128 José Salvador Sanchis ESP Artiach 1985b + 2h 41' 38" 129 Benny Van Brabant BEL Tönissteiner 1985 + 2h 48' 15" 130 Jozef Lieckens BEL 20px|link=Intermediate sprints classification in the Tour de France|alt=A red jersey. LOT 1985 + 2h 48' 15" 131 Etienne De Beule BEL Verandalux 1985b + 2h 51' 18" 132 Francis Castaing FRA Peugeot 1985 + 2h 57' 08" 133 Michel Bibollet FRA Fagor2 1985 + 3h 00' 29" 134 Frédéric Brun FRA Peugeot 1985 + 3h 01' 30" 135 Rudy Matthijs BEL Hitachi 1985 + 3h 03' 13" 136 Jan Baeyens BEL LOT 1985 + 3h 09' 36" 137 Jan Bogaert BEL Verandalux 1985b + 3h 11' 35" 138 Philippe Lauraire FRA Fagor2 1985 + 3h 15' 00" 139 Giuliano Pavanello ITA BRD 1985 + 3h 16' 40" 140 Peter Pieters NED ZOR 1985 + 3h 25' 44" 141 Paul Sherwen GBR La Redoute 1985 + 3h 28' 13" 142 Patrick Onnockx BEL LOT 1985 + 3h 29' 25" 143 Roberto Bressan ITA BRD 1985 + 3h 45' 20" 144 Manrico Ronchiato ITA BRD 1985 + 4h 13' 48" Points classification +Final points classification (1–10)https://leiden.courant.nu/issue/LD/1985-07-22/edition/0/page/10 Tour in cijfers 22 July 1985 10 Leidsch Dagblad Regionaal Archief Leiden nl The Tour in Numbershttp://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1985/07/22/pagina-32/1121900/pdf.html Clasificaciones oficiales 22 July 1985 19 March 2012 es Mundo Deportivo Official ClassificationsTour de France https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ABCDDD:010831141:mpeg21:p013 Het Parool 22 July 1985 14 nl Delpher Rank Rider Team Points 1 Sean Kelly IRE 20px|link=Points classification in the Tour de France|alt=A green jersey. SKIL 1985 434 2 Greg LeMond USA 20px|link=Combination classification in the Tour de France|alt=A multi-coloured jersey. LVC 1985 332 3 Stephen Roche IRE La Redoute 1985 279 4 Bernard Hinault FRA 20px|link=General classification in the Tour de France|alt=A yellow jersey. LVC 1985 266 5 Eric Vanderaerden BEL PSC 1985 258 6 Phil Anderson AUS PSC 1985 244 7 Adri van der Poel NED RAB 1985 199 8 Luis Herrera COL 20px|link=Mountains classification in the Tour de France|alt=A white jersey with red polka dots. CAF 1985 195 9 Benny Van Brabant BEL Tönissteiner 1985 192 10 Pedro Delgado ESP Artiach 1985b 156 Mountains classification +Final mountains classification (1–10) Rank Rider Team Points 1 Luis Herrera COL 20px|link=Mountains classification in the Tour de France|alt=A white jersey with red polka dots. CAF 1985 440 2 Pedro Delgado ESP Artiach 1985b 274 3 Robert Millar GBR Peugeot 1985 270 4 Greg LeMond USA 20px|link=Combination classification in the Tour de France|alt=A multi-coloured jersey. LVC 1985 214 5 Reynel Montoya COL CAF 1985 190 6 Bernard Hinault FRA 20px|link=General classification in the Tour de France|alt=A yellow jersey. LVC 1985 165 7 Claudio Fasolo ITA BRD 1985 136 8 Fabio Parra COL 20px|link=Young rider classification in the Tour de France|alt=A white jersey. CAF 1985 133 9 Stephen Roche IRE La Redoute 1985 130 10 Eduardo Chozas ESP MOV 1985 113 Young rider classification +Final young rider classification (1–10)van den Akker Pieter Stand in het jongerenklassement – Etappe 22 Standings in the youth classification – Stage 22 http://www.tourdefrancestatistieken.nl/jongerenstand.php?jaar=1985 https://web.archive.org/web/20190424231911/http://www.tourdefrancestatistieken.nl/jongerenstand.php?jaar=1985 24 April 2019 nl TourDeFranceStatistieken.nl 24 April 2019 live Rank Rider Team Time 1 Fabio Parra COL 20px|link=Young rider classification in the Tour de France|alt=A white jersey. CAF 1985 113h 37' 58" 2 Eduardo Chozas ESP MOV 1985 + 21" 3 Steve Bauer CAN LVC 1985 + 1' 22" 4 Robert Forest FRA Peugeot 1985 + 4' 10" 5 Álvaro Pino ESP ZOR 1985 + 8' 00" 6 Thierry Claveyrolat FRA La Redoute 1985 + 25' 41" 7 Jesús Rodríguez Magro ESP ZOR 1985 + 26' 03" 8 Charly Mottet FRA REN 1985 + 29' 22" 9 Iñaki Gastón ESP MOV 1985 + 32' 18" 10 Faustino Rupérez ESP ZOR 1985 + 32' 37" Combination classification +Final combination classification (1–10) Rank Rider Team Points 1 Greg LeMond USA 20px|link=Combination classification in the Tour de France|alt=A multi-coloured jersey. LVC 1985 91 2 Sean Kelly IRE 20px|link=Points classification in the Tour de France|alt=A green jersey. SKIL 1985 85 3 Bernard Hinault FRA 20px|link=General classification in the Tour de France|alt=A yellow jersey. LVC 1985 76 4 Stephen Roche IRE La Redoute 1985 63 5 Luis Herrera COL 20px|link=Mountains classification in the Tour de France|alt=A white jersey with red polka dots. CAF 1985 62 6 Pedro Delgado ESP Artiach 1985b 60 7 Eduardo Chozas ESP MOV 1985 57 8 Kim Andersen DEN LVC 1985 56 9 Steve Bauer CAN LVC 1985 51 10 Adri van der Poel NED RAB 1985 47 Intermediate sprints classification +Final intermediate sprints classification (1–10)van den Akker Pieter Sprintdoorkomsten in de Tour de France 1985 Sprint results in the Tour de France 1985 http://www.tourdefrancestatistieken.nl/sprintdoorkomsten.php?jaar=1985 nl TourDeFranceStatistieken.nl 25 April 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190425170144/http://www.tourdefrancestatistieken.nl/sprintdoorkomsten.php?jaar=1985 25 April 2019 live Rank Rider Team Points 1 Jozef Lieckens BEL 20px|link=Intermediate sprints classification in the Tour de France|alt=A red jersey. LOT 1985 162 2 Eduardo Chozas ESP MOV 1985 67 3 Sean Kelly IRE 20px|link=Points classification in the Tour de France|alt=A green jersey. SKIL 1985 59 4 Steve Bauer CAN LVC 1985 54 5 Greg LeMond USA 20px|link=Combination classification in the Tour de France|alt=A multi-coloured jersey. LVC 1985 51 6 Frédéric Vichot FRA SKIL 1985 47 7 Denis Roux FRA REN 1985 38 8 Carlos Jaramillo COL CAF 1985 32 9 Álvaro Pino ESP ZOR 1985 32 10 Adri van der Poel NED RAB 1985 26 Team classification +Final team classification (1–10) Rank Team Time 1 LVC 1985 340h 21' 09" 2 PSC 1985 + 27' 10" 3 Peugeot 1985 + 40' 54" 4 SKIL 1985 + 46' 51" 5 La Redoute 1985 + 53' 57" 6 CAF 1985 + 1h 05' 24" 7 MOV 1985 + 1h 11' 28" 8 ZOR 1985 + 1h 25' 42"9 REN 1985 + 1h 26' 54" 10 CAR 1985 + 1h 30' 18" Team points classification +Final team points classification (1–10) Rank Team Points 1 LVC 1985 1095 2 PSC 1985 1268 3 SKIL 1985 1475 4 Peugeot 1985 1579 5 La Redoute 1985 1727 6 LTS 1985 1802 7 Hitachi 1985 1832 8 LTS 1985 1858 9 Tönissteiner 1985 2461 10 REN 1985 2471 Aftermath thumb|Bernard Hinault (pictured in 1986) pledged to support Greg LeMond for overall victory during the 1986 Tour de France.|alt=Photograph of Hinault, taken from the side and from further distance, wearing a yellow jersey while riding up a mountain Hinault reiterated his promise to work for LeMond the following year several times during the final part of the 1985 Tour. Following the time trial on the penultimate day, he publicly stated in an interview with French cycling magazine Miroir du Cyclisme: "I'll stir things up to help Greg win, and I'll have fun doing it. That's a promise."Moore 2011 168 On the victory podium in Paris, he leaned over to LeMond, telling him: "Next year, it's you", repeating the pledge again during the celebration dinner of LVC 1985 yes that same evening.de Visé 2019 128–129 Public opinion saw Hinault and LeMond as good friends. The sports newspaper L'Équipe ran a cartoon on the day of the final stage, showing Hinault on a bicycle and LeMond next to him on a child's scooter, with Hinault saying "Because you've been so good, I'll take you along next year on my handlebars", to which LeMond replied: "Thanks, Uncle Bernard."Abt 1990 96 LeMond's first Tour victory the following year did not come as easily as these pledges and jokes indicated. Hinault attacked several times during the 1986 Tour de France, only conceding defeat after the last time trial.McGann McGann 2008 162–170 LeMond was frustrated with the apparent unwillingness by Hinault to honour the deal, saying: "He made promises to me he never intended to keep. He made them just to relieve the pressure on himself."Van Gucht 2015 186 The rivalry between Hinault and LeMond in both the 1985 and 1986 Tours was subject of the documentary Slaying the Badger, part of ESPN's series 30 for 30. Based on the book by the same name by journalist Richard Moore, it premiered on 22 July 2014.https://www.espn.com/watch/film/01414f1b-cc27-4b6e-9c55-4139c894b189/slaying-the-badger Slaying the Badger – ESPN Films: 30 for 30 ESPN 24 April 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20140715191744/http://espn.go.com/30for30/film?page=slayingthebadger 15 July 2014 live mdy-all In previous years, cyclists tied their shoes to their pedals with toe-clips, allowing them to not only push the pedals down but also pull them up. In 1985, Hinault used clip-ins (clipless pedals), which allowed the shoes to snap into the pedal. His victory in this Tour made these clip-ins popular.Heijmans Mallon 2011 157 There was some criticism that the time trials were too important. If the time trials would have not counted towards the general classification, the result would have been as follows: +General classification without counting the time trial stageshttps://leiden.courant.nu/issue/LLC/1985-07-22/edition/0/page/9 Hinault populairder dan ooit nl 9 22 July 1985 Leidsche Courant Regionaal Archief Leiden Jean Nelissen Jean Nelissen 29 April 2012 Hinault more popular than ever Rank Name Team Time gap 1 Luis Herrera COL CAF 1985 2 Pedro Delgado ESP Artiach 1985b + 16" 3 Greg LeMond USA LVC 1985 + 2' 28" 4 Fabio Parra COL CAF 1985 + 2' 52" 5 Stephen Roche IRE La Redoute 1985 + 4' 22" 6 Eduardo Chozas ESP MOV 1985 + 4' 27" 7 Sean Kelly IRE SKIL 1985 + 4' 32" 8 Bernard Hinault FRA LVC 1985 + 4' 47" 9 Robert Millar GBR Peugeot 1985 + 6' 21" 10 Peter Winnen NED PSC 1985 + 6' 55" Tour director Félix Lévitan felt after the 1985 Tour de France that the race had been too easy and made the course in 1986 extra difficult, including more mountain climbs than before.https://leiden.courant.nu/issue/LD/1985-10-09/edition/0/page/15 Hinault boos op Tourbaas Lévitan 9 October 1985 16 February 2013 Regionaal archief Leiden nl Leidsch Dagblad 15 Hinault angry with Tour boss Lévitan This was the last year that the Tour de France was actively managed by Jacques Goddet, who had taken over as race director from the race's founder, Henri Desgrange, in 1936.McGann McGann 2008 162 Doping After every stage, around four cyclists were selected for doping controls. None of these cyclists tested positive for performance-enhancing drugs.https://leiden.courant.nu/issue/LLC/1985-07-22/edition/0/page/11 Geen nieuws van het dopingfront 11 22 July 1985 Leidsche Courant Regionaal Archief Leiden nl 29 April 2012 No news from the doping frontvan den Akker 2018 90 After the end of the Tour, world champion Claude Criquielion, who had finished 18th overall, was involved in a doping controversy. At the national championship race before the Tour, he had tested positive for Pervitin, but received no repercussions. The head of the laboratory at Ghent University, which had administered the analysis, subsequently resigned his post in the Medical Commission of the Belgian Cycling Association (KBWB) in protest.Affaire-Criquelion krijgt een staartje https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ABCDDD:010878950:mpeg21:p008 2 April 2020 De Volkskrant 8 August 1985 8 nl Affair Criquelion gets a tail Delpher Notes References 30em Bibliography Samuel Abt Samuel Abt https://books.google.com/books?id=PMg_PQAACAAJ LeMond: The Incredible Comeback 1990 Stanley Paul London 978-0-0917-4874-6 Samuel Abt Up the Road: Cycling's Modern Era from LeMond to Armstrong https://books.google.com/books?id=57M1AAAACAAJ 2005 VeloPress Boulder, Colorado 978-1-9313-8278-6 Jacques Augendre Jacques Augendre http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2016/histoire/TDF16_GH_Interactif-PROD.pdf Le Tour de France: Guide historique Historical guide 2016 fr 27 October 2016 Paris Amaury Sport Organisation https://web.archive.org/web/20160817121602/http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2016/histoire/TDF16_GH_Interactif-PROD.pdf 17 August 2016 live Bacon Ellis Mapping Le Tour. Updated History and Route Map of Every Tour de France Race https://books.google.com/books?id=628rngEACAAJ 2014 HarperCollins Glasgow 978-0-0075-4399-1 de Visé Daniel https://books.google.com/books?id=m-THvAEACAAJ The Comeback: Greg LeMond, the True King of American Cycling, and a Legendary Tour de France 2019 Grove Press New York City 978-0-8021-4718-9 Fife Graeme Graeme Fife Tour de France: The History, the Legend, the Riders 2000 Mainstream Publishing Edinburgh 978-1-8401-8284-2 Fotheringham William William Fotheringham The Badger: Bernard Hinault and the Fall and Rise of French Cycling https://books.google.com/books?id=4uMsBgAAQBAJ 2015 Yellow Jersey Press London 978-0-2240-9205-0 Heijmans Jeroen Mallon Bill Historical Dictionary of Cycling 2011 The Scarecrow Press Lanham 978-0-8108-7175-5 Laget Françoise Laget Serge Cazaban Philippe Montgermont Gilles Tour de France: Official 100th Race Anniversary Edition https://books.google.com/books?id=pRFhBQAAQBAJ 2013 Quercus London 978-1-7820-6414-5 Laget et al. 2013 Martin Pierre With contributions from: Penazzo, Sergio; Baratino, Dante; Schamps, Daniel; Vos, Cor Tour 85: The Stories of the 1985 Tour of Italy and Tour de France Kennedy Brothers Publishing Keighley 1985 85076452 McGann Bill McGann Carol The Story of the Tour de France: 1965–2007 2 https://books.google.com/books?id=V8mlwItBhhcC Dog Ear Publishing Indianapolis 2008 978-1-5985-8608-4 Moore Richard Richard Moore (journalist) In Search of Robert Millar https://books.google.com/books?id=DbkXAgAACAAJ Harper Collins 2008 London 978-0-0072-3502-5 Moore Richard Slaying the Badger: LeMond, Hinault and the Greatest Ever Tour de France https://archive.org/details/slayingbadgerlem0000moor registration 2011 Yellow Jersey Press London 978-0-2240-9986-8 Moore Richard Étape: The Untold Stories of the Tour de France's Defining Stages https://books.google.com/books?id=nPLJAgAAQBAJ 2014 HarperCollins London 978-0-0075-0010-9 Nauright John Parrish Charles Sports Around the World: History, Culture, and Practice 2 https://books.google.com/books?id=IkLYDgTnMxEC 2012 ABC-CLIO Santa Barbara, California 978-1-5988-4300-2 Rendell Matt Blazing Saddles: The Cruel and Unusual History of the Tour de France https://books.google.com/books?id=yWiCPwAACAAJ 2008 Quercus Publishing London 978-1-8472-4382-9 Roche Stephen Cossins Peter Stephen Roche Born to Ride https://books.google.com/books?id=HSeAMgEACAAJ 2012 Yellow Jersey Press London 978-0-2240-9191-6 Ryan Barry https://books.google.com/books?id=LFc0DwAAQBAJ The Ascent: Sean Kelly, Stephen Roche and the Rise of Irish Cycling's Golden Generation 2018 Gill Books Dublin 978-0-7171-8153-7 Smith Martin The Telegraph Book of the Tour de France 2009 Aurum Press London 978-1-8451-3545-4 van den Akker Pieter Tour de France Rules and Statistics: 1903–2018 https://books.google.com/books?id=09sxwQEACAAJ 2018 Self-published 978-1-7939-8080-9 Van Gucht Ruben Hinault https://books.google.com/books?id=TicDBQAAQBAJ 2015 Bloomsbury London 978-1-4729-1296-1 Wheatcroft Geoffrey Geoffrey Wheatcroft Le Tour: A History of the Tour de France https://books.google.com/books?id=CjAub7mpChgC 2013 Simon & Schuster London 978-1-4711-2894-3 Wilcockson John John Wilcockson Speed Read: Tour de France. The History, Strategy and Intrigue Behind the World's Greatest Bicycle Race https://books.google.com/books?id=ijeSDwAAQBAJ 2019 Quarto Publishing Beverly, Massachusetts 978-0-7603-6447-5 Woodland Les The Yellow Jersey Companion to the Tour de France https://books.google.com/books?id=QdMSjfvjDhUC 2007 Yellow Jersey Press London 978-0-2240-8016-3 Further reading Andrews Guy Greg Lemond: Yellow Jersey Racer https://books.google.com/books?id=cGQXDQAAQBAJ 2016 Bloomsbury Publishing London 978-1-4729-4355-2 External links 1985 Tour de France P 11 12 22 1985 Category:1985 in road cycling Category:1985 in French sport Category:June 1985 sports events in Europe Category:July 1985 sports events in Europe Category:1985 Super Prestige Pernod International