1990 German federal election

none September 2022 Germany parliamentary 1987 (West)← 1990 (East) yes 1990 12 02 1994 German federal election 1994 List of members of the 11th Bundestag List of members of the 12th Bundestag All 662 seats in the Bundestag 332 60,436,560 ( 33.3%) 77.8% ( 6.5 pp) Helmut Kohl 1989.jpg 127 120 160 0 4 Helmut Kohl CDU/CSU 44.3%, 223 seats 297Does not include 8 German Social Union guests. 319 14 20,358,096 43.8% 0.5 pp Oskar Lafontaine (1990).jpg 120 120 160 0 0 Oskar Lafontaine Social Democratic Party of Germany 37.0%, 186 seats 226 239 13 15,545,366 33.5% 3.5 pp Otto Graf Lambsdorff (1990).jpg 120 120 160 0 0 Otto Graf Lambsdorff Free Democratic Party (Germany) 9.1%, 46 seats 57 79 22 5,123,233 11.0% 1.9 pp Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1990-1202-011, Berlin, Bundestagswahl, Gregor Gysi (cropped).jpg 120 120 160 0 0 Gregor Gysi Party of Democratic Socialism (Germany) Did not exist 24 17 7 1,129,578 2.4%In the 1990 election, the 5% electoral threshold was applied separately in the Western states and the new Eastern states. The PDS won 11.1% of votes in the new states. New party B90 None Greens (East)A linked list of the Alliance 90 and the East German Green Party, running only in the new Eastern states. Did not exist 7 8 1 559,207 1.2%In the 1990 election, the 5% electoral threshold was applied separately in the Western states and the new Eastern states. The Alliance 90–Eastern Greens grouping won 6.2% of votes in the new states. New party 1990 German federal election.svg 400px Results of the election. The main map shows constituency winners, and results for the proportional list seats are shown in the bottom left. Government Third Kohl cabinet CDU/CSU/DSU–FDP Government after election Fourth Kohl cabinet CDU/CSU-FDP A federal election was held in recently reunited Germany on 2 December 1990 to elect the members of the 12th Bundestag, within the regular time of nearly four years after the January 1987 West German federal election. Due to the accession of the former East German states on 3 October, after which the Bundestag was expanded with East German Volkskammer delegates, the elections were the first democratic all-German elections since the early 1930s. The result was a comprehensive victory for Chancellor Helmut Kohl and his governing coalition of the Christian Democratic Union/Christian Social Union and the Free Democratic Party (FDP), which was reelected to a third term (and a fourth in 1994). The second vote (preferred national party, first vote is for a local candidate) result of the CDU/CSU, 20,358,096 votes, remains the highest ever total vote count in a democratic German election. The elections marked the first since 1957 that a party other than CDU/CSU and the Social Democratic Party (SPD) won a constituency seat (Direktmandat), breaking up the dominance of the two Volksparteien. The first (and only) time since 1957 that FDP won a constituency seat was by Uwe Lühr in Halle, home of Hans-Dietrich Genscher, the "architect of German reunification". In addition, Gregor Gysi (PDS) won Berlin-Marzahn – Hellersdorf. Campaign This was the first election conducted after German reunification which took place on 3 October. Previously, the de Volkskammer no had selected 144 of its members which were then co-opted as Members of the German Bundestag and served until the end of the 11th Bundestag. Almost 150 seats had been added to represent the re-established eastern states of Germany, without reducing the number of western members. The euphoria following the reunification gave the ruling CDU/CSU–FDP coalition a dramatic advantage in both Western and Eastern Germany throughout the campaign. For this election only, the country was divided into two areas for the purposes of the five-percent threshold: the former West German states and West Berlin, and the former East German states and East Berlin. Second votes were counted separately in each area, and passing the threshold in either area was sufficient to enter the Bundestag and receive list seats. As a result, while the Western Greens (4.8% of western second votes) did not gain representation, their ideologically-similar Eastern Alliance 90 (6.2% of eastern second votes) did, with both merging to form Alliance 90/The Greens in 1993. The Party of Democratic Socialism also entered the Bundestag with 11.1% of eastern second votes, despite receiving just 0.3% of the western second vote (and only 2.4% nationwide). However, the distribution of seats to state lists was not divided in this manner and still calculated on the national level, which resulted in the PDS receiving a list seat (Ulla Jelpke) in the most populous state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The German Social Union (DSU) under leader Hansjoachim Walther, a right-wing party modeled after the Bavarian CSU running only in former East Germany, failed to achieve the separate five percent hurdle, only receiving around 1% of the vote in the eastern states, mostly in the southeast. As part of the co-option, the DSU had previously had eight Members of the Bundestag, who sat as guests in the CDU/CSU caucus. The CSU, which had heavily supported the DSU financially, severed its ties in 1993 and the party fell into irrelevancy. After a law allowing a linkage of the lists of the CSU and DSU was overturned by the Federal Constitutional Court, the CSU tried to convince the CDU to stand down in several single-member constituencies to enable the DSU to enter the Bundestag separate from the 5% threshold, but Kohl adamantly refused. Results All change figures are relative to the Bundestag as it existed after the grant of full voting member status to West Berlin's delegation and co-optation of Volkskammer members to represent East Germany. File:Bundestag 1990.svg Party-list Constituency Christian Democratic Union 17055116 76 17707574 192 268 +12 Social Democratic Party 15545366 148 16279980 91 239 +13 Free Democratic Party 5123233 78 3595135 1 79 +22 Christian Social Union 3302980 8 3423904 43 51 +2 The Greens (West) 1788200 0 2037885 0 0 −44 Party of Democratic Socialism 1129578 16 1049245 1 17 −7 The Republicans 987269 0 767652 0 0 New Alliance 90/Greens – Citizens' Movement (East) 559207 8 552027 0 8 +1 The Grays – Gray Panthers 385910 0 218412 0 0 New Ecological Democratic Party 205206 0 243469 0 0 0 National Democratic Party 145776 0 190105 0 0 0 German Social Union 89008 0 131747 0 0 −8 Christian League 39640 0 8667 0 0 New #FF00FF Christian Centre 36446 0 9824 0 0 New Bavaria Party 31315 0 10836 0 0 0 The Women 12077 0 1433 0 0 0 #FFA500 Patriots for Germany 4687 0 746 0 0 0 #003366 Eco-Union 4661 0 1106 0 0 0 Union of Working Groups for Employee Politics and Democracy 4530 0 704 0 0 New Communist Party of Germany 1630 0 0 New Spartacist Workers' Party of Germany 1610 0 124 0 0 New red Federation of German Democrats 1009 0 474 0 0 New Federation of Socialist Workers 826 0 214 0 0 New Responsible Citizens 492 0 72 0 0 0 European Federalist Party 266 0 0 New #2D5CD0 Independents and voter groups 43324 0 0 0 540143 720990 −1 60436560 60436560 Bundeswahlleiter thumbnail|320px|Seat results – SPD in red, combined Greens in green, PDS in purple, FDP in yellow, CDU/CSU in black thumbnail|200px|Winners by single-member constituency – SPD in red, PDS in purple, FDP in yellow, CDU/CSU in black Results by state Second vote (Zweitstimme, or votes for party list) State CDU/CSU SPD FDP Grüne PDS REP Others Baden-Württemberg 46.5 29.1 12.3 5.7 0.3 3.2 2.9 Bavaria 51.9 26.7 8.7 4.6 0.2 5.0 2.9 Berlin 39.4 30.6 9.1 7.23.9% West German Green Party, 3.3% East German Green Party/Alliance 90. 9.7 2.5 0.7 Brandenburg 36.3 32.9 9.7 6.6 11.0 1.7 1.8 Bremen 30.9 42.5 12.8 8.3 1.1 2.1 2.3 Hamburg 36.6 41.0 12.0 5.8 1.1 1.7 1.8 Hesse 41.3 38.0 10.9 5.6 0.4 2.1 1.7 Lower Saxony 44.3 38.4 10.3 4.5 0.3 1.0 1.2 Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 41.2 26.5 9.1 5.9 14.2 1.4 1.7 North Rhine-Westphalia 40.5 41.1 11.0 4.3 0.3 1.3 1.5 Rhineland-Palatinate 45.6 36.1 10.4 4.0 0.2 1.7 2.0 Saarland 38.1 51.2 6.0 2.3 0.2 0.9 1.3 Saxony 49.5 18.2 12.4 5.9 9.0 1.2 3.8 Saxony-Anhalt 38.6 24.7 19.7 5.3 9.4 1.0 1.3 Schleswig-Holstein 43.5 38.5 11.4 4.0 0.3 1.2 1.1 Thuringia 45.2 21.9 14.6 6.1 8.3 1.2 2.7 Old states (West) 44.3 35.7 10.6 4.8 0.3 2.3 2.0 New states (East) 41.8 24.3 12.9 6.2 11.1 1.5 2.3 Constituency seats Direktmandat StateTotalseatsSeats wonCDUSPDCSUFDPPDSBaden-Württemberg37361Bavaria45243Berlin13841Brandenburg1275Bremen33Hamburg716Hesse22139Lower Saxony312011Mecklenburg-Vorpommern981North Rhine-Westphalia713338Rhineland-Palatinate16124Saarland55Saxony2121Saxony-Anhalt13121Schleswig-Holstein1192Thuringia1212Total328192914311 List seats Listenkandidat StateTotalseatsSeats wonSPDFDPCDUPDSCSUB90/Gr.Baden-Württemberg3623103Bavaria412498Berlin1553421Brandenburg1022132Bremen312Hamburg725Hesse261169Lower Saxony3416711Mecklenburg-Vorpommern73121North Rhine-Westphalia752717301Rhineland-Palatinate18945Saarland6114Saxony198542Saxony-Anhalt136421Schleswig-Holstein13832Thuringia115321Total33414878761688 Post-election The governing CDU/CSU-FDP coalition was returned to office with a landslide majority, and Helmut Kohl remained chancellor. The CDU did exceptionally well in the former East Germany, which had been the heartland of the SPD before the Nazi era. Notes References Sources The Federal Returning Officer Psephos Category:Federal elections in Germany Federal Category:Helmut Kohl Fwederal