2013 Malaysian general election

none October 2020 Malaysia parliamentary 2008 Malaysian general election 2008 Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 12th Malaysian Parliament 2018 Malaysian general election 2018 All 222 seats in the Dewan Rakyat Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 13th Malaysian Parliament 112 13,268,002 ( 21.47%) 84.84% ( 8.85pp) 5 May 2013 Dato Sri Mohd Najib Tun Razak (9to12).JPG Najib Razak United Malays National Organisation Barisan Nasional Barisan Nasional 50.99%, 138 seatsExcludes Sabah Progressive Party, which was part of the coalition in the 2008 election but subsequently left the coalition after the election. The original number of seats and vote share held by Barisan Nasional as it was in 2008 was 140 seats and 51.38%, respectively. 133 5 5,237,678 47.38% 3.61pp Anwar Ibrahim (8730532535) (3to4-1).jpg Anwar Ibrahim Parti Keadilan Rakyat Pakatan Rakyat Pakatan Rakyat 47.43%, 82 seats 89 7 5,624,319 50.88% 3.45pp Malaysia election results map 2013.svg Results by constituency Prime Minister Prime Minister-designate Najib Razak Barisan Nasional Najib Razak Barisan Nasional General elections were held in Malaysia on Sunday, 5 May 2013. Voting took place in all 222 parliamentary constituencies, each electing one MP to the Dewan Rakyat, the dominant house of Parliament. State elections also took place in 505 state constituencies in 12 of the 13 states (excluding Sarawak) on the same day. The elections were the first since Najib Razak became Prime Minister in 2009. The unofficial opposition Pakatan Rakyat coalition led by Anwar Ibrahim received a majority of the vote, with its three member parties collectively receiving 50.9% of the vote. However, they won only 89 of the 222 seats. The incumbent governing alliance, Barisan Nasional, received 47.4% of the vote and won 133 seats, giving Najib a second term in office. This was at the time the best performance by the opposition against the Barisan Nasional and the first time Barisan Nasional had not received the most votes in a general election. Because Barisan Nasional won a majority despite receiving fewer votes than the opposition, the elections were followed by protests and accusations of gerrymandering.9 August 2014 What's Malay for gerrymandering? https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21611139-years-delineation-electoral-boundaries-will-determine-future-malaysian-politics-whats The Economist Kuala Lumpur 5 January 2016 23 January 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160123144530/http://www.economist.com/news/asia/21611139-years-delineation-electoral-boundaries-will-determine-future-malaysian-politics-whats live Background The Malaysian Parliament was dissolved on 3 April 2013 by Tuanku Abdul Halim, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong on the advice of the Prime Minister of Malaysia, Najib Tun Razak.https://www.voanews.com/a/malaysia-pm-dissolves-parliament-elections-expected-within-weeks/1633689.html Malaysia PM Dissolves Parliament; Elections Expected Within Weeks Voice of America 3 April 2013 10 April 2013 7 May 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130507105942/http://www.voanews.com/content/malaysia-pm-dissolves-parliament-elections-expected-within-weeks/1633689.html live The Prime Minister made a televised statement announcing the dissolution of the 12th Parliament at 11:30 am local time the same day.Parliament is dissolved – finally. http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/parliament-is-dissolved-finally/ The Malaysian Insider 3 April 2013 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20130403035829/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/parliament-is-dissolved-finally/ 3 April 2013 Following the dissolution of Parliament, a general election was required to be held within 60 days, between 3 April and 2 June 2013, with the date to be decided by the Election Commission. On 10 April 2013 the Election Commission of Malaysia announced that nominations for election candidates would be held on 20 April, with the general election set for 5 May. The early voting date of 30 April was also announced by the Election Commission.http://news.abnxcess.com/2013/04/ge13-13268002-voters-to-decide-on-future-of-malaysia/ https://archive.today/20130628091414/http://news.abnxcess.com/2013/04/ge13-13268002-voters-to-decide-on-future-of-malaysia/ dead 28 June 2013 GE13: 13,268,002 voters to decide on future of Malaysia ABN News | Eng News.abnxcess.com 10 April 2013 Official campaigning began on 20 April, which allowed for a 15-day campaigning period.http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/04/10/ec-polling-on-5-may-nomination-on-20-april-latest/ EC: Polling on 5 May, Nomination on 20 April *video! Theborneopost.com 10 April 2013 10 April 2013 10 April 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20150410014402/http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/04/10/ec-polling-on-5-may-nomination-on-20-april-latest/ live Postal voting for eligible overseas Malaysians was announced to happen on 28 April 2013. Malaysian representative offices would open on that day for this purpose from 9 am to 6 pm local time. Offices in London and Melbourne would close at 8 pm instead, for the number of postal voters registered in those cities exceeded 1,000.PENYERAHAN DAN PENERIMAAN BALIK SAMPUL KEUTAMAAN http://www.spr.gov.my/webspr/PDF/Kenyataan_Media_Undi_Pos_Luar_Negara.pdf http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20130501213132/http://www.spr.gov.my/webspr/PDF/Kenyataan_Media_Undi_Pos_Luar_Negara.pdf dead 1 May 2013 SPR Malaysia 17 April 2013 ms Dissolution of state legislative assemblies In accordance with Malaysian law, the parliament as well as the legislative assemblies of each state (Dewan Undangan Negeri) would automatically dissolve on the fifth anniversary of the first sitting, and elections must be held within sixty days of the dissolution, unless dissolved prior to that date by their respective Heads of State on the advice of their Heads of Government. On 28 March 2013 the Negeri Sembilan Legislative Assembly became the first state assembly to dissolve automatically in Malaysian history. The state government would remain in place as a caretaker government and assembly members' constituency offices would remain open to serve the constituencies' needs.Yen Yong http://www.straitstimes.com/breaking-news/se-asia/story/malaysia-polls-negeri-sembilan-assembly-automatically-dissolved-20130328 Malaysia polls: Negeri Sembilan assembly automatically dissolved The Straits Times 11 April 2013 3 April 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130403235000/http://www.straitstimes.com/breaking-news/se-asia/story/malaysia-polls-negeri-sembilan-assembly-automatically-dissolved-20130328 live Following the dissolution of the Federal Parliament, state assemblies that had yet to be dissolved announced their dissolution in quick succession. Below are the dates of which the legislative assemblies of each state were dissolved:http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/04/04/sabah-state-assembly-dissolved-2/ Sabah State Assembly dissolved Theborneopost.com 11 April 2013 7 April 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130407182056/http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/04/04/sabah-state-assembly-dissolved-2/ live Kong Lester http://www.straitstimes.com/breaking-news/se-asia/story/msia-state-assemblies-dissolve-paving-way-simultaneous-polls-20130403 M'sia state assemblies to dissolve, paving way for simultaneous polls The Straits Times 3 April 2013 11 April 2013 6 April 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130406150041/http://www.straitstimes.com/breaking-news/se-asia/story/msia-state-assemblies-dissolve-paving-way-simultaneous-polls-20130403 live Date End of term States Remarks 28 March 28 March Flag of Negeri Sembilan.svg Negeri SembilanDissolved automatically after expiry of 5-year term 3 Aprilhttp://www.theedgemalaysia.com/political-news/234959-dewan-rakyat-six-state-assemblies-dissolved-to-make-way-for-13ge.html https://archive.today/20130428053528/http://www.theedgemalaysia.com/political-news/234959-dewan-rakyat-six-state-assemblies-dissolved-to-make-way-for-13ge.html dead 28 April 2013 Dewan Rakyat, six state assemblies dissolved to make way for 13GE Theedgemalaysia.com 4 April 2013 26 April Flag of Malacca.svg Malacca 24 April Flag of Perak.svg Perak 29 April Flag of Sabah.svg Sabah 4 April 28 April Flag of Kelantan.svg Kelantan 7 April Flag of Pahang.svg Pahang 22 April Flag of Selangor.svg Selangor 5 May Flag of Terengganu.svg Terengganu 5 April 21 April Flag of Johor.svg Johorhttp://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2013/4/5/nation/12931862&sec=nation GE13: Johor announces dissolution of state assembly The Star Malaysia dead https://web.archive.org/web/20130406043853/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2013%2F4%2F5%2Fnation%2F12931862&sec=nation 6 April 2013 2 May Flag of Kedah.svg Kedah 2 May Flag of Penang (Malaysia).svg Penang 28 April Flag of Perlis.svg Perlis The Sarawak State Legislative Assembly was not dissolved as the last election had been held in 2011 and the term of the state assembly was due to end in 2016. Only parliamentary elections were held there. Electoral system The 222 members of the Dewan Rakyat, the dominant house of Parliament, were elected in single-member constituencies using first-past-the-post voting. In the 2013 general election, 11.05 million people voted which was approximately 85 percent of registered voters in total, and it was the highest rate that Malaysia had ever gotten in their electoral history.http://www.ide.go.jp/Japanese/Publish/Download/Kidou/pdf/2013_malaysia_03.pdf 13th General Election in Malaysia: Overview and Summary Teik Khoo 2013 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20160304083833/http://www.ide.go.jp/Japanese/Publish/Download/Kidou/pdf/2013_malaysia_03.pdf 2016-03-04 Malaysia does not practice compulsory voting and automatic voter registration. Although the age of majority in the country is 18, the voting age is 21. The election was conducted by the Election Commission of Malaysia. Political parties Malaysia is one of the most ethnically diverse countries, with a majority Malay population in addition to Chinese and Indian minorities, so the political parties are also diverse. Parties engage ethnic divisions, and conflicts over power play out between political parties that represent specific ethnic groups. According to the author Lim Hong Hai, writing in 2002, "over 80 per cent of Malaysia's population of over 23 million is found in Peninsular Malaysia, where the Malays form the largest ethnic group followed by the Chinese and Indians. All these ethnic groups are minorities in Sabah and Sarawak, where native ethnic groups other than the Malays make up about 60 per cent and 50 per cent of the population, respectively".http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/iez/01361005.pdf Electoral Politics in Malaysia: 'Managing' Elections in a Plural Society Hai Lim 2002 5 May 2016 2016-03-03 https://web.archive.org/web/20160303190212/http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/iez/01361005.pdf live The Federation of Malaya was composed of 11 states in the Malay Peninsula that gained independence from Britain in 1957, and two states from the Borneo Island, Sabah and Sarawak which became members of the Federation of Malaya in 1963. Barisan Nasional The ruling Barisan Nasional (BN) alliance consists of 13 parties and had 137 seats in the parliament prior to the elections. BN had dominated the political framework and easily won each election since the first national vote in 1959.http://carnegieendowment.org/2013/04/10/understanding-malaysia-s-pivotal-general-election Understanding Malaysia's Pivotal General Election Nehru Vikram 2013 5 May 2016 4 June 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160604144750/http://carnegieendowment.org/2013/04/10/understanding-malaysia-s-pivotal-general-election dead The incumbent Barisan Nasional coalition returned to power in the 2008 general elections with 140 seats. The opposition parties that would later form the Pakatan Rakyat coalition won a total of 82 seats, thereby denying the BN its two-thirds majority which is required to pass amendments to the Federal Constitution. Following their losses, then Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi announced on 8 October 2008 that he was stepping down, resigning his post as United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) party leader.Malaysia's leader to step down as party loses clout https://web.archive.org/web/20081009173500/http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/10/08/asia/malay.php 9 October 2008 , (International Herald Tribune), 8 October 2008.Badawi to step down as Malaysia's PM in March https://web.archive.org/web/20090904072619/http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/news/stories/200810/s2385880.htm?tab=asia 4 September 2009 , (ABC Radio Australia), 8 October 2008. A leadership election was held on 26 March 2009, where then Deputy Prime Minister and Prime Minister-designate Najib Tun Razak was elected unopposed as the UMNO party leader.Malaysia's Najib 1 step away from premier's postJune 2024 medicmedic, (Associated Press), 26 March 2009. On 2 April 2009, Prime Minister Abdullah tendered his resignation to the Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin (who was the Yang di-Pertuan Agong) which was consented. On 3 April 2009, Prime Minister Najib Tun Razak was sworn in as the sixth Prime Minister of Malaysia at the Istana Negara, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in front of Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin.Malaysia's Najib sworn in as new prime minister https://web.archive.org/web/20121019005659/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/afp_asiapacific/view/419844/1/.html 19 October 2012 , (Channel News Asia), 4 April 2009. Pakatan Rakyat Pakatan Rakyat (PR) had 76 seats in the outgoing parliament and was composed of three large parties. Pakatan Rakyat gained control of five out of thirteen state assemblies (has since lost state assembly to BN due to defection in Perak) and 10 of the 11 parliamentary seats in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur. Former Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia and the Leader of the Opposition Anwar Ibrahim, also the head of Pakatan Rakyat was returned to parliament after a ten-year absence following his victory in the Permatang Pauh by-election. The by-election was triggered when his wife Wan Azizah Wan Ismail resigned from her Permatang Pauh parliamentary seat, allowing Anwar to contest the seat and subsequently return to parliament. Campaign Malaysian general election, 2013#Manifestos Even before the dissolution of Parliament, both the incumbent BN and Pakatan Rakyat brought up a number of issues and incentives to be given to the Malaysian electorate to gain a decisive advantage during the election. Both coalitions released separate election manifestos dealing with issues such as minimum wage, taxation, assistance to small-medium industries, racial relations and financial assistance to the poor.Letters from readers http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/04/08/pakatan-bn-economic-pledges-a-comparison/ Pakatan, BN economic pledges: A comparison Free Malaysia Today 8 April 2013 10 April 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130409232542/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/04/08/pakatan-bn-economic-pledges-a-comparison/ 9 April 2013 dead The 2013 elections also saw a number of new measures introduced that are intended to improve the electoral process. Election firsts Since the 2008 general election a Parliament Select Committee was formed to make recommendations to improve the country's electoral process.http://www.1malaysia.com.my/news_archive/najib-announces-parliamentary-select-committee-on-electoral-reform/ Archived copy www.1malaysia.com.my 26 January 2022 https://archive.today/20130703043346/http://www.1malaysia.com.my/news_archive/najib-announces-parliamentary-select-committee-on-electoral-reform/ 3 July 2013 dead The general election in 2013 brought about the introduction of Indelible ink to prevent voters from voting more than once. The indelible ink was mooted for use during the elections in 2008 but was scrapped by the Election Commission at the last minute.http://www.straitstimes.com/the-big-story/asia-report/malaysia-elections/news/story/indelible-ink-colours-kept-secret-prevent-ch Indelible ink colours kept secret to prevent cheating, says EC chairman The Straits Times 12 April 2013 12 April 2013 12 April 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130412164634/http://www.straitstimes.com/the-big-story/asia-report/malaysia-elections/news/story/indelible-ink-colours-kept-secret-prevent-ch live However, it was a source of controversy as reports of voters claiming that the indelible ink could be easily washed off were circulated in the media.http://www.straitstimes.com/breaking-news/se-asia/story/malaysia-ge13-indelibe-ink-can-be-easily-washed-voters-claim-20130505 Malaysia GE13: Indelible ink can be easily washed off, voters claim The Straits Times 5 May 2013 5 May 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130505232448/http://www.straitstimes.com/breaking-news/se-asia/story/malaysia-ge13-indelibe-ink-can-be-easily-washed-voters-claim-20130505 live There was also advanced voting for civil servants and military personnel in place of postal voting. This was partly in response to protests by election watchdog groups and opposition parties that the previous voting procedures were not transparent and prone to manipulation.http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2012/7/8/nation/11625401&sec=nation Advance voting system set to start The Star Malaysia dead https://web.archive.org/web/20130509034537/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2012%2F7%2F8%2Fnation%2F11625401&sec=nation 9 May 2013 http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/advanced-voting-replaces-postal-voting-for-security-forces Main – Malaysia – Advance voting replaces postal voting for security forces @ Mon Dec 19 2011 Themalaysianinsider.com dead https://web.archive.org/web/20120108073852/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/advanced-voting-replaces-postal-voting-for-security-forces 8 January 2012 The Election Commission introduced for the first time postal voting for Malaysians who resided overseas. However, these came with conditions, among them being that overseas Malaysians have to have been in Malaysia a number of times in the last five years. Overseas Malaysians residing in Singapore, southern Thailand, Brunei or Kalimantan in Indonesia were also not qualified to register as postal voters but had to return to their constituency if they were to cast their ballots.http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/litee/malaysia/article/dap-blames-ec-for-low-overseas-postal-voter-registrations https://archive.today/20130630101907/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/litee/malaysia/article/dap-blames-ec-for-low-overseas-postal-voter-registrations dead 2013-06-30 Lite – Malaysia – DAP blames EC for low overseas postal voter registrations @ Fri Apr 05 2013 Themalaysianinsider.com The EC also permitted the disabled to bring along an assistant into the polling booth to aid them in the voting process.The Star: GE13: Election Commission to implement more than 10 new measures for transparency https://web.archive.org/web/20130404150823/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2013%2F4%2F3%2Fnation%2F20130403154824&sec=nation 4 April 2013 , 4 April 2013 Barisan Nasional When Najib took over from Abdullah Badawi, he began enlarging the budget of the Prime Minister's Department, where he appointed Koh Tsu Koon to be in charge of the Government Transformation Programme (GTP), which includes monitoring the performance of ministries and six national key result areas (NKRAs) through Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). He also appointed the former CEO of Malaysia Airlines Idris Jala to help monitor the implementation of the KPIs in the form of the government's Performance Management and Delivery Unit (Pemandu).Idris Jala sworn in as minister The Star. Najib's administration also introduced the slogan 1Malaysia in which he called for the embracing all Malaysians of various ethnic groups, national unity and efficient governance. This became public policy, involving various initiatives like the introduction of Kedai Rakyat 1Malaysia's discount grocery stores to help the poor, 1Malaysia clinics providing free basic medical services and free email accounts (1Malaysia Email) for the Malaysian populace. His administration also began the distribution of financial aid to Malaysian households earning less than RM3,000 called 1Malaysia People's Aid or Bantuan Rakyat 1Malaysia (BR1M). A second round of BR1M financial allocations were made out in February 2013 totalling RM2.6 billion. http://www.barisannasional.org.my/en/br1m BR1M Barisan Nasional dead https://web.archive.org/web/20130127042955/http://barisannasional.org.my/en/br1m 27 January 2013 Another issue that arose was UMNO endorsing controversial candidates from the Malay right-wing group Perkasa to contest in the upcoming elections such as Zulkifli Noordin and Ibrahim Ali.http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/muhyiddin-labels-zul-noordin-a-man-with-calibre Main – Malaysia – Muhyiddin labels Zul Noordin a 'man with calibre' @ Fri Apr 19 2013 Themalaysianinsider.com dead https://web.archive.org/web/20130422025904/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/muhyiddin-labels-zul-noordin-a-man-with-calibre 22 April 2013 Although Ibrahim Ali contested the Pasir Mas parliamentary seat as an independent candidate, the BN candidate who was supposed to challenge Ibrahim Ali did not file his nomination papers. The Pasir Mas parliamentary seat was the only seat without a BN candidate in this election.http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/227426 BN pulls out, Ibrahim Ali in straight fight for Pasir Mas Malaysiakini 20 April 2013 21 April 2013 23 April 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130423042936/http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/227426 live http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/227499 Perkasa chief like 'father' to me, says Che Johan Malaysiakini 20 April 2013 21 April 2013 23 April 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130423013944/http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/227499 live During the election campaign, Muhyiddin Yassin, the incumbent Deputy Prime Minister had called for Malay Muslims to fight the alleged spread of LGBT movements and freedom of religion among the Malays.http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/shun-fatwas-from-politicians-muhyiddin-tells-muslims/ Main – Malaysia – Beware of LGBT and freedom of religion movements, Muhyiddin tells Muslims @ Mon Apr 22 2013 Themalaysianinsider.com dead https://web.archive.org/web/20130423102521/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/shun-fatwas-from-politicians-muhyiddin-tells-muslims/ 23 April 2013 Furthermore, Najib has said that his government will defend the prohibition of the usage of the word 'Allah' by non-Muslims, which is currently being challenged in court.http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/228095 Najib defends ban on use of 'Allah' by non-Muslims Malaysiakini 26 April 2013 26 April 2013 30 April 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130430061258/http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/228095 live http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/najib-defends-allah-ban-rules-out-election-debate/ Main – Malaysia – Najib defends 'Allah' ban, rules out election debate @ Fri Apr 26 2013 Themalaysianinsider.com dead https://web.archive.org/web/20130427100901/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/najib-defends-allah-ban-rules-out-election-debate 27 April 2013 Letters from readers https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/03/17/najib-not-sincere-over-allah-issue/ https://web.archive.org/web/20130318062349/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/03/17/najib-not-sincere-over-allah-issue/ dead 18 March 2013 Najib not sincere over Allah issue Free Malaysia Today 17 March 2013 BN manifesto The national BN manifesto pledges the following commitments to be realised within the next five years if and when they secure a mandate to form the next Malaysian government:http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?sec=nation&file=/2013/4/6/nation/20130406221504 GE13: BARISAN NASIONAL MANIFESTO The Star Malaysia 26 January 2022 9 April 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130409233111/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2013%2F4%2F6%2Fnation%2F20130406221504&sec=nation live 1px #aaa solid text-align:center Cost of Living Increasing financial assistance BR1M 2015 online to RM1200 for households and RM600 for singles annually Increasing 1Malaysia Book Vouchers to RM300 and Schooling Aid to RM150 Gradually reduce car prices by 20–30% Increase the competitiveness of national cars Increase the number of Kedai Rakyat 1Malaysia Introduce 1Malaysia products in petrol stations and hypermarkets Open 1Malaysia clinics in high density housing communities Set up more 1Malaysia Day Care Centers Lower broadband fees by at least 20% with guaranteed bandwidth Introduce a 1Country 1Price policy for essential goods Introduce more 1Malaysia products 1px #aaa solid text-align:center Urban Well-being Set up a new Ministry to address urban economic and social challenges Increase representation of NGOs and civil society in local government Rehabilitate low cost houses and flats in cities Undertake the maintenance of public housing infrastructure Provide quality public housing, catering to the needs of the younger generation Provide recreational areas and facilities in urban centres Ensure sufficient educational, training and healthcare services and facilities Improve the transport links between urban centres and their surrounds Open more temporary shelters for the homeless in high demand areas 1px #aaa solid text-align:center Affordable & Secure Housing Build 1,000,000 affordable homes including 500,000 PR1MA houses Pricing PR1MA houses at 20% below market prices or cheaper Introduce a lease and own scheme for Government housing projects Revive abandoned housing projects Assist poor home owners to rehabilitate their houses Replace squatter settlements with permanent housing Improve housing in estates and providing houses for former estate workers Abolish stamping fees for first home purchases below RM400,000 1px #aaa solid text-align:center Quality Health Services Provide every Malaysian with access to quality healthcare Establish a Heart Centre and Cancer Centre in 6 locations (4 in Peninsular Malaysia, 1 each for Sabah and Sarawak) Provide public facilities for dialysis treatment in every high-density area Provide discounted prices of specific medications for Malaysians with special needs Introduce a support system for palliative home care for the aged and terminally ill 1px #aaa solid text-align:center Public Transportation Expand the Rapid Bus System to every state capital, with facilities for the aged and disabled Continue expansion of rail systems Build integrated bus, rail and taxi terminals in all towns and cities Re-route buses to ensure more efficient and accessible services Increase individual taxi permits Implement a national high-speed rail and expand the double-tracked railway system 1px #aaa solid text-align:center Infrastructure Development & Rural Transformation Rapidly expand the North-South Expressway with more lands and exits Build a Pan Borneo Highway from Semantan, Sarawak to Serudung, Sabah Extend the East Coast Highway from Kuala Krai – Kota Bharu & Gambang – Segamat Build a West Coast Highway from Banting to Taiping Reduce intra-city tolls Implement the 21st Century Village concept Build more paved roads (6,300 km in Peninsular Malaysia, 2,500 km in Sabah and 2,800 km in Sarawak) Solve the water supply problems in Selangor, Kuala Lumpur and Kelantan Extend supply of clean water to another 320,000 homes Expand electricity supply to another 146,000 homes Compel service providers to ensure quality mobile phone services 1px #aaa solid text-align:center Economy Attract RM1.3 trillion of investments Create 3.3 million new jobs, two million of which will be in high-income sectors Build towards a per capita income of US$15,000 by year 2020 Provide special incentives for innovative and creative ventures Implement policies that are fair and equitable to all races in Malaysia Enhance the effectiveness of the Bumiputra agenda Allocate more land and increase productivity of land for food and livestock production Reform the tax structure to reduce personal and corporate tax Continue special funding exceeding 20% of oil and gas revenue to oil and gas producing states Establish a National Trading Company to source overseas markets for SME products Create & promote more global and regional champions Divesting non-strategic GLCs and increasing outsourcing programmes for Bumiputra companies Provide RM500 million in seed funds to increase the equity of the Indian community to at least 3% Set up a special unit to ensure successful implementation of policies for the Indian community Increase access to microcredit for all Malaysians, including RM100 million for hawkers and petty traders 1px #aaa solid text-align:center Educational Excellence Bring Malaysia into the "top third category" of the best education systems in the world Improve the command of Bahasa Malaysia and English among students Make English a compulsory SPM pass subject Improve access to quality education for rural and minority communities Provide more merit-based scholarships Continue special allocations to all types of schools Expand Single Session Schooling Revamp Teacher Training Colleges & raise the qualification bar for trainee teachers Introduce a simplified teaching and learning system for Bahasa Malaysia in Chinese and Tamil schools Build more schools of all types Enhance performance in Mathematics and Science Provide financial incentives of RM100,000 for schools with classes for special needs children Convert SJKTs that wish to change status into fully aided schools Set up ICT labs in all schools that require them Transform vocational schools into colleges and increase enrolment to 20% of student population Expand pre-school education to cover all types of schools Provide new career pathways for fast tracking promotion of 420,000 teachers Provide free WiFi on all public institution campuses Introduce a laptop ownership scheme in schools 1px #aaa solid text-align:center Security & Public Safety Add four thousand police personnel per year Strengthen the Motorcycle Patrol Unit by 5000 vehicles Enhance the total capability of the Armed Forces Strengthen the Police Commission Use the 6P system to curb the influx of illegal foreigners Create the SafeCam Programme to link up private and public CCTV systems Expansion of CCTV monitoring for high traffic public areas Introduce security initiatives in public housing schemes Enrol an additional 50,000 Police Volunteer Reserves 1px #aaa solid text-align:center Women's Participation Increase the number of women in national decision-making Promote gender equality Provide more business and income opportunities for women Create for incentives for work-from-home initiatives Open 1Malaysia Daycare centres in all GLCs and Government Offices Tighten laws regarding sexual abuse and harassment in homes and at work 1px #aaa solid text-align:center Youth Provide funding, training and incentives for youth-centric commercial ventures Provide commercial space for youths to exhibit & market creative products and services Establish incubators to nurture leadership and creativity Provide more free WiFi hotspots in rural and semi-urban areas Produce more high performance athletes & promoting a healthy lifestyle Revisit laws pertaining to entertainment to promote performing arts & culture 1px #aaa solid text-align:center Social Safety Nets Streamline and improve safety net assistance Provide financial assistance & educational opportunities for lower income earners Turn Brickfields into a blind-friendly zone Set up special courts to deal with Native Customary Rights (NCR) issues Gazette all native customary land in consultation with State Governments Provide more income generating opportunities within indigenous communities Provide funds for registered NGOs and Civil Society Movements 1px #aaa solid text-align:center Upholding Islam, Respecting Religious Freedom & Harmony Uphold Islam as the religion of the Federation Promote the Syiar & Syariat of Islam in accordance with the principles of Maqasia Syariah Ensure other religions can be practised in peace and harmony Assign jurisdiction over non-Muslim matters to a Minister Practise moderation in all undertakings Increase initiatives in uniting the ummah Unlock income from developing wakaf land in co-operation with State Religious Authorities Increase tax exemptions for contributions to construction, expansion and upkeep of places of worship Continue to allocate land for building places of worship Provide more financial assistance to religious institutions & places of worship Improve the welfare of Imam, mosque officials & Guru-Guru Kafa Upgrade the quality of and provide financial assistance to Sekolah Agama Rakyat 1px #aaa solid text-align:center Fighting Corruption Publicly disclose contracts to enhance transparency in Government procurement Establish a Service Commission in MACC Elevate the Head & Senior Officers of the MACC to a higher level Give equal emphasis on investigations into bribe givers and receivers Fast track access to the Auditor-General's Performance Audit Report Establish additional special corruption Sessions and High Courts Implement integrity pacts for MPs and State Assemblymen 1px #aaa solid text-align:center Public Service & Governance Introduce the Transformative Salary Scheme for civil servants Include more opportunities for promotion and development in the civil service Extend the tenure of contract officers and appointing them who are competent Expand Urban Transformation Centres to all major cities and towns Mobilize and empower the civil service Improve counter services through appointment of multi-racial frontliners and expanding on-line services Introduce recruitment programmes to ensure a fair mix of all races in civil service Enhance the potential, capacity & capability of all civil servants Give special attention to the disabled 1px #aaa solid text-align:center A Global Movement of Moderates Fight for the establishment of a Palestinian state Support the realisation of ASEAN as an economic community by 2015 Vie for a non-permanent seat on the UN Security Council Enhance economic & bilateral interests with major trading partners Take the lead in fighting trans-national crimes Spearhead humanitarian outreach programmes in conflict areas 1px #aaa solid text-align:center Preserving Nature Give financial incentives to ventures which invest in renewable green energy Allocate more space for green lungs within major cities Increase allocations and enact stricter laws to preserve rivers, forests and strategic conservation areas Undertake reforestation programmes Increase educational programmes to inculcate appreciation of the environment Employ green and state of the art technologies in waste disposal & management Pakatan Rakyat The opposition Pakatan Rakyat (PR) has remain focused on the good governance of the Malaysian states (Kedah, Penang, Kelantan and Selangor) that they currently control despite not getting full assistance from the federal governmenthttp://www.theedgemalaysia.com/first/178793-building-pakatan-states.html Building Pakatan states Theedgemalaysia.com 16 December 2010 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20101227010106/http://www.theedgemalaysia.com/first/178793-building-pakatan-states.html 27 December 2010 One of the points they have made is the strong economic performance of the two states of Penang and Selangor which were reported in the media to have attracted higher business investments compared to other state governments with a BN majority.http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/penang-selangor-proof-malaysia-will-thrive-under-pakatan-says-pua Main – Malaysia – Penang, Selangor proof Malaysia will thrive under Pakatan, says Pua @ Sat Jan 28 2012 Themalaysianinsider.com dead https://web.archive.org/web/20120302172000/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/penang-selangor-proof-malaysia-will-thrive-under-pakatan-says-pua 2 March 2012 Some aspects of Pakatan's Election Manifesto is borrowed from their administrative masterplan Buku Jingga.http://english.astroawani.com/election/news/show/pakatan-rakyat-unveiled-general-election-manifesto-8454 Pakatan Rakyat unveiled general election manifesto Astro Awani 4 April 2013 11 April 2013 26 January 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220126230555/https://www.astroawani.com/topic/pru14 live In 2011, Penang and Selangor recorded a total of RM 17.8 billion in investments in the manufacturing sector, slightly more than 30% of the national share.Malaysia Investment Performance 2011 Malaysian Investment Development Authority (MIDA) February 2012 thumb|A PAS supporter at a rally calling for the removal of unfair government policies at the Himpunan Kebangkitan Rakyat, January 2013 PR announced its intention to replace the criticised New Economic Policy which they claim was discriminatory and only benefited certain groups of people, such as UMNO-connected individuals.http://www.malaysia-chronicle.com/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=66662:dr-m-says-he-fears-prs-promise-to-remove-nep&Itemid=2 Dr M says he fears PR's promise to remove NEP 30 September 2020 Malaysia-chronicle.com 24 April 2013 26 January 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220126230624/https://www.malaysia-chronicle.com/?option=com_k2&view=item&id=66662%3Adr-m-says-he-fears-prs-promise-to-remove-nep&Itemid=2 live http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/88943 Pakatan to dump NEP if it seizes power Malaysiakini 2 September 2008 11 April 2013 12 April 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120412130809/http://malaysiakini.com/news/88943 live Another main election promise they brought up was to cut the amount of spending wastages and the usage of direct aid to pay for social causes and provide free education around the country.Letters from readers http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/04/08/rafizi-pakatan-will-retain-br1m/ https://web.archive.org/web/20130409092703/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/04/08/rafizi-pakatan-will-retain-br1m/ dead 9 April 2013 Rafizi: Pakatan will retain direct cash aid Free Malaysia Today 8 April 2013 One of the other issues is the Pakatan Rakyat's tussle for control of water company Syabas with the federal government, which has allegedly been mismanaging their operations.http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/selangor-still-waiting-for-putrajayas-reply-on-syabas-mb-says Main – Malaysia – Selangor still waiting for Putrajaya's reply on SYABAS, MB says @ Sat Feb 09 2013 Themalaysianinsider.com dead https://web.archive.org/web/20130214082141/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/selangor-still-waiting-for-putrajayas-reply-on-syabas-mb-says/ 14 February 2013 http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/putrajayas-rm120m-aid-to-syabas-will-not-solve-selangors-water-woes-khalid-says Main – Malaysia – Putrajaya's RM120m aid to Syabas will not solve Selangor's water woes, Khalid says @ Sun Feb 03 2013 Themalaysianinsider.com dead https://web.archive.org/web/20130603051934/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/putrajayas-rm120m-aid-to-syabas-will-not-solve-selangors-water-woes-khalid-says 3 June 2013 They have promised to give free water for the poor and unfortunate in the state of Selangor.The Malaysian Insider http://my.news.yahoo.com/pakatan-syabas-in-political-conspiracy-with-bn-053903951.html https://archive.today/20130630173814/http://my.news.yahoo.com/pakatan-syabas-in-political-conspiracy-with-bn-053903951.html dead 30 June 2013 Pakatan: Syabas in political conspiracy with BN Yahoo! News 23 July 2012 PR also promised to close down the Lynas Advance Materials Plant situated in Kuantan, Pahang if it is deemed unsafe.Letters from readers http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/03/15/pakatan-will-shut-down-lynas-says-fuziah/ https://web.archive.org/web/20130318014738/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/03/15/pakatan-will-shut-down-lynas-says-fuziah/ dead 18 March 2013 Pakatan will shut down Lynas, says Fuziah Free Malaysia Today 15 March 2013 Letters from readers http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/03/07/anwar-lynas-can-stay-if-proven-safe/ https://web.archive.org/web/20130310035712/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/03/07/anwar-lynas-can-stay-if-proven-safe/ dead 10 March 2013 Anwar: Lynas can stay if proven safe Free Malaysia Today 7 March 2013 This received the support of Himpunan Hijau, the green movement opposed to the operations of the Lynas plant, whose chairman, Wong Tack will be contesting in the elections under the DAP banner.http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/224320 Lynas must go if Pakatan wins, says Wong Tack Malaysiakini 19 March 2013 20 April 2013 23 March 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130323045246/http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/224320 live Letters from readers http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/03/19/wong-tack-keeps-himpunan-hijau-job-clarifies-lynas-stand/ https://web.archive.org/web/20130322071808/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/03/19/wong-tack-keeps-himpunan-hijau-job-clarifies-lynas-stand/ dead 22 March 2013 Wong Tack keeps Himpunan Hijau job, clarifies Lynas stand Free Malaysia Today 19 March 2013 PR also promised to increase the petroleum royalty payments from national oil company Petronas to petroleum-producing states (Pahang, Kelantan, Terengganu, Sabah and Sarawak) in Malaysia,Letters from readers http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/03/24/pakatan-unveils-unique-manifesto-for-sabah/ https://web.archive.org/web/20130327021354/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/03/24/pakatan-unveils-unique-manifesto-for-sabah/ dead 27 March 2013 Pakatan unveils unique manifesto for Sabah Free Malaysia Today 24 March 2013 irrespective of the party that forms the next state government.http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/pakatan-dangles-oil-royalty-carrot-to-keep-kelantan Main – Malaysia – Pakatan dangles oil royalty carrot to keep Kelantan @ Sat Nov 17 2012 Themalaysianinsider.com dead https://web.archive.org/web/20121119225028/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/pakatan-dangles-oil-royalty-carrot-to-keep-kelantan 19 November 2012 http://www.theedgemalaysia.com/political-news/231477-pakatan-promises-higher-oil-royalty-to-sabah-and-sawarak.html https://archive.today/20130630100949/http://www.theedgemalaysia.com/political-news/231477-pakatan-promises-higher-oil-royalty-to-sabah-and-sawarak.html dead 30 June 2013 Pakatan promises higher oil royalty to Sabah and Sawarak Theedgemalaysia.com 25 February 2013 On 13 April 2013, the Registrar of Societies (ROS) sent a letter to DAP, that due to technical glitches in the party polls, several of DAP's members were requested to attend an inquiry on 18 April 2013. This could have endangered DAP's chance to contest in the general election due to fears that the party might be deregistered.Letters from readers http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/04/13/ros-action-on-dap-mala-fide/ https://web.archive.org/web/20130414111141/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/04/13/ros-action-on-dap-mala-fide/ dead 14 April 2013 RoS action on DAP mala fide Free Malaysia Today 13 April 2013 http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/dap-told-to-attend-ros-inquiry-on-april-18 Main – Malaysia – DAP told to attend ROS inquiry on April 18 @ Sat Apr 13 2013 Themalaysianinsider.com dead https://web.archive.org/web/20130416075950/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/dap-told-to-attend-ros-inquiry-on-april-18/ 16 April 2013 DAP had mulled the intention for their candidates to contest under the banner of PKR and PAS, butreceived assurance from the ROS that their symbol could be used legally during the general elections.http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/dap-confirms-using-pas-pkr-logos-in-ge13-after-ros-silence/ Main – Malaysia – DAP confirms using PAS, PKR logos in GE13 after RoS silence @ Fri Apr 19 2013 Themalaysianinsider.com dead https://web.archive.org/web/20130422020509/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/dap-confirms-using-pas-pkr-logos-in-ge13-after-ros-silence 22 April 2013 Woon Leven ROS tells DAP to use its symbol http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/04/20/ros-tells-dap-to-use-its-symbol/ https://web.archive.org/web/20130423041800/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/04/20/ros-tells-dap-to-use-its-symbol/ dead 23 April 2013 24 April 2013 In Sarawak, opposition party DAP had put up election billboards highlighting the issue of murdered Mongolian Altantuyaa Sharibuu, but these billboards were torn down by enforcement officers. Following protests made by local DAP members, it was explained that the election billboards were removed as it depicted a person who was not contesting in the elections.Letters from readers https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/04/27/who-killed-altantuya-billboards-demolished/ https://web.archive.org/web/20140905093533/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/04/27/who-killed-altantuya-billboards-demolished/ dead 5 September 2014 'Who killed Altantuya?' billboards demolished Free Malaysia Today 27 April 2013 http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/228353 Altantuya billboard removed as 'she is not contesting' Malaysiakini 28 April 2013 29 April 2013 1 May 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130501090434/http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/228353 live http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/04/30/dap-members-protest-dismantling-of-billboards/ DAP members protest dismantling of billboards Theborneopost.com 30 April 2013 1 May 2013 27 January 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160127143248/http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/04/30/dap-members-protest-dismantling-of-billboards/ live PR manifesto The national PR manifesto has outlined the actions they will take if they form the next Malaysian government.http://pakatanrakyat.my/files/ENG-Manifesto-BOOK.pdf Manifesto Rakyat 2013 Pakatan Rakyat https://web.archive.org/web/20130403051013/http://pakatanrakyat.my/files/ENG-Manifesto-BOOK.pdf 3 April 2013 dead 1px #aaa solid text-align:center The Fraternity of the People Eliminate discrimination Respect the position of Islam as the official religion, while guaranteeing the freedom of other religions Elevate culture as the positive foundation of community living Raise from 5% to 20% the royalty payments for oil- and gas-producing states Set up a contribution fund for married women, with the government contributing RM50 per month and their husbands contributing RM10 – RM100 per month Provide a bonus of RM1,000 annually to each senior citizen aged 60 and above Allocate RM220 million annually to 1,854 Sekolah Janaan Rakyat Recognize the Unified Examination Certificate (UEC) for admission to tertiary education and as academic qualification for jobs Restore the autonomy of Sabah and Sarawak in accordance with the provision of the Federal Constitution Ensure equitable power-sharing between Sabah, Sarawak and Peninsular Malaysia Cleanup of the citizenship registry list and curb the granting of false citizenships Set up a Land Commission to investigate, resolve disputes, rejuvenate, study and restore Native Customary Rights to their rightful owners Affirm the appointment of Sabahans and Sarawakians to hold offices in the Government Raise the level of infrastructure development in Sabah and Sarawak Reserve 141,000 ha of Orang Asli land to be returned to them Supply clean water and electricity to 852 Orang Asli settlements Award a total of 5,000 educational scholarships to Orang Asli children The following actions have been pledged to be implemented immediately, in accordance with the Kuching Declaration: Eliminate the cabotage system that increases the price of household goods in Sabah and Sarawak Create investment incentives conditional upon the creation of job opportunities in Sabah and Sarawak Establishing two tier-2 oil companies owned by the Governments of Sabah and Sarawak that will join the country's oil and gas industry Initiate the construction of highways across Sabah and Sarawak which will connect Kuching to Kota Kinabalu and Kudat Halt the construction of dams that destroy the environment and displace the local population from their homes 1px #aaa solid text-align:center The People's Economy Provide one million job opportunities for the people within five years via progressive reduction of foreign workers Introduce a minimum wage scheme of RM1,100 per month Allocate RM2 billion for automation incentives and grants to eligible companies to facilitate implementation of minimum wage scheme Train one million school leavers without higher education under the People's Pioneer Scheme Set up five technical universities within ten years Build twenty-five new vocational schools throughout the country Set up a Royal Commission to study the overall improvement of the education system Abolish all laws which are biased and oppressive to the working class Provide funding to cultivate a smart partnership of trade unions, employees and employers Set up a National Innovation Fund totalling RM500 million Reshuffle tax incentives to shift the focus of assistance from large industries to SMIs Revamp the 26% personal income tax bracket to affect individuals earning more than RM400,000 instead of the current RM250,000 Halt operations of the Lynas rare earth plant in Gebeng, Pahang Review the implementation phases of the RAPID project in Pengerang Reform all existing legislation related to logging, and regulate logging activities Allocate RM500 million to assist participation of ex-soldiers in economic activities Increase the government contribution to the Armed Forces Fund Board (AFFB) from 15% to 20% Introduce a Soldiers' Dividend which will remunerate non-pensionable veterans to the amount of RM2,000 per year Introduce individual taxi permits Train taxi entrepreneurs in customer service and business skills Provide fuel subsidies to taxi entrepreneurs Expand the scope of permitted investments and grants under the existing Petroleum Fund Provide tax relief for goods or services derived from R&D in universities or public research centres Provide tax relief in the form of investment incentives and tax relief for research centres and researchers brought in Provide investment incentives for successfully commercialised Malaysian R&D products Make public transport free for differently abled people Remodel the planning of the Klang Valley public transportation system to an integrated plan involving MRT and buses to improve the existing network and access Examine each contract awarded in the MRT package in light of updated legislation Invest an additional RM2 billion in the first year to double the number of buses and bus routes in the Klang Valley Initiate steps towards building the first inter-city high-speed rail system in Southeast Asia Establish an Anti-Monopoly Commission and amend existing laws relating to competition Establish a Public Contracts Commission Dissolve 1MDB so that Khazanah remains the only state investment body Disposal and handover of government holdings in government-linked companies (GLCs) which are not involved in businesses of national importance Restructure the role of Ekuinas so that the agency assists in the takeover of GLCs by the management and qualified entrepreneurs Ensure overall implementation of procurement by open tender in the management of public entities 1px #aaa solid text-align:center The People's Well-Being Distribute gains from the extra oil revenue profit by lowering petrol and diesel prices. Channel RM25 billion from gas company subsidies directly to the people via reduced electricity tariffs Discontinue private water management concessions that have resulted in high water tariffs Take over management of highways with the intention of gradually abolishing tolls Lower the car excise tax in stages with the intention of abolishing it in 5 years' time Liberalise the national automotive industry Build 150,000 low- and medium- cost homes within the first term of administration Invest RM 5 billion in the first year for affordable housing, followed by RM 2 billion for the following years Provide free higher education in all public institutions, and subsidise fees for students in private institutions Provide a living cost allowance for students who are not financially well-off Stop implementation of Automatic Enforcement System (AES) for road users and rescind all AES summonses Review all compensation claims as a result of the GER manipulation and pay appropriate compensation to affected FELDA settlers. Increase police personnel's remuneration by 15% in stages Increase personnel strength of the Crime Investigation Department (CID) Allocate an additional of RM 50 million a year to build police posts in places of high public concentration Allocate a further RM 200 million a year to increase the police's capabilities and effectiveness in forensic investigation. Reject all attempts to introduce a healthcare tax Ensure free healthcare for all Malaysians through government hospitals while incentivising the private sector to provide healthcare services at a reasonable rate Abolish fees for Class 2 and Class 3 wards. Abolish monopolies on pharmaceutical supplies, hospital construction, and medical infrastructure Improve specialist treatments to the low-income group for complicated surgeries Fulfill the target of one doctor to 550 citizens in the first term of administration Increase welfare assistance from RM300 a month to RM500 a month Establish a National Commodity Fund to assist families affected by sudden drops in commodity prices 1px #aaa solid text-align:center The People's Government Add value to wakaf land that will generate economic welfare for the people Target to double the current Tabung Haji fund amount within ten years of Pakatan Rakyat administration Ensure that the right to religious freedom and religious practice for other religions will be upheld Deploy a new remuneration package for civil servants that will factor excellent work performance, length of service and leadership qualities Implement the 8 demands of BERSIH as electoral reform Implement automatic voter registration upon reaching eligible voting age Clean-up electoral roll within 100 days of coming to power Reform the judiciary, Attorney General's Chambers, Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC) and Royal Malaysian Police Force (PDRM) Restore the powers and freedom of Parliament as the voice of the people Introduce the parliamentary select committee system in crucial ministries Abolish all legislation that restricts media freedom Corporatise government-owned broadcasting institutions such as Radio Televisyen Malaysia (RTM) Respect the maturity of media practitioners in operating the media industry Abolish the Universities and Universities Colleges Act (UUCA) within 100 days of Pakatan Rakyat administration Selection of vice-chancellor and rectors in public higher education institutions will be made by an independent evaluating committee Perform a thorough review of all legislations that are in conflict with principles of justice for and freedom of the people and abolish them within the first year Enforce a Democracy Restoration Act to further strengthen the basic rights of the people Release and apologise to all Internal Security Act (ISA) detainees from the past to the present Restructure MACC's power and leadership to rebuild its integrity Restructure the practices and processes of MACC to focus on investigation and prosecution towards big corruption cases that involve the public interest Tighten corruption-related legislation (including the Whistleblower Protection Act) to firmly implement anti-corruption laws Third parties The election also brought in the entry of many third parties that influenced the election outcome in many parliament and state seats. Indian-based party Human Rights Party Malaysia, which was instrumental in organising Indians in protests against the government such as Hindraf rally in 2007, contested in several seats in Peninsular Malaysia.GE13: Uthayakumar wants to contest 2 seats as Hindraf rep http://www.theedgemalaysia.com/political-news/235074-ge13-uthayakumar-wants-to-contest-2-seats-as-hindraf-rep.html https://archive.today/20130630100832/http://www.theedgemalaysia.com/political-news/235074-ge13-uthayakumar-wants-to-contest-2-seats-as-hindraf-rep.html dead 30 June 2013 24 April 2013 Chen Shaua Fui Currently, there are two camps in Hindraf: one aligned to Barisan Nasionalhttp://fz.com/content/ge13-uthaya-slams-hindraf-hijackers-says-mou-not-acceptable https://archive.today/20130629080313/http://fz.com/content/ge13-uthaya-slams-hindraf-hijackers-says-mou-not-acceptable dead 29 June 2013 GE13: Uthaya slams 'Hindraf hijackers', says MoU not acceptable | FZ : Malaysia News – General, Political, National, Business, World FZ 18 April 2013 and another that is neutral.http://en.harakahdaily.net/index.php/berita-utama/7073-uthayakumar-to-indians-vote-pr-if-you-like-but-reject-bn.html Uthayakumar to Indians: Vote PR if you like, but reject BN En.harakahdaily.net 18 April 2013 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20140502000520/http://en.harakahdaily.net/index.php/berita-utama/7073-uthayakumar-to-indians-vote-pr-if-you-like-but-reject-bn.html 2 May 2014 Borneo-based parties such as Sabah Progressive Party (SAPP) (a former BN coalition partner) and the State Reform Party (STAR) contested the election on their own after a breakdown in talks with PR in having one to one contests against BN.Letters from readers http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/04/10/opposition-%E2%80%98spoilers%E2%80%99-giving-sabah-bn-quiet-wins/ https://web.archive.org/web/20130411081941/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/04/10/opposition-%E2%80%98spoilers%E2%80%99-giving-sabah-bn-quiet-wins/ dead 11 April 2013 Opposition 'spoilers' giving Sabah BN quiet wins Free Malaysia Today 10 April 2013 The entry of these parties have brought about multi-cornered fights in Sabah and Sarawak. One of the main issues they brought up was the increasing number of illegals in Sabah and of the Royal Commission of Inquiry on illegal immigrants in Sabah.Letters from readers http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/04/05/ic-row-will-native-parties-quit-bn/ https://web.archive.org/web/20130406160000/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/04/05/ic-row-will-native-parties-quit-bn/ dead 6 April 2013 IC row: Will native parties quit BN? Free Malaysia Today 5 April 2013 Furthermore, SAPP and STAR are partners in the United Borneo Front which fights for the equal status of Sabah and Sarawak as stipulated in the Malaysia Agreement that was made in 1963.http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2010/12/16/nation/20101216200241&sec=nation https://web.archive.org/web/20101217190201/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2010%2F12%2F16%2Fnation%2F20101216200241&sec=nation dead 17 December 2010 Jeffrey Kitingan forms United Borneo Front to get more for Sabah, Sarawak The Star Malaysia 17 April 2019 Bersih factor thumb|Bersih rally in KL in 2011 calling for electoral reforms The election watchdog group Bersih will be a big factor in the elections as they were responsible for organising large rallies calling for the electoral reforms in Malaysia in 2011 and 2012. They have pointed out that the electoral roll was marred by irregularities such as gerrymandering, phantom voters, malapportionment and postal vote fraud. Bersih has also warned against politicians or groups that support intimidation and violence against the electorate.http://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking_news_detail.asp?id=33614 Fears of phantom voters, vote buying, and media bias cloud Malaysia poll The Standard 6 January 2009 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20150608065800/http://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking_news_detail.asp?id=33614 8 June 2015 http://www.straitstimes.com/the-big-story/asia-report/malaysia-elections/news/story/stop-intimidating-voters-bersih-tells-bn-201 Stop intimidating voters, Bersih tells BN The Straits Times 11 April 2013 12 April 2013 11 April 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130411132734/http://www.straitstimes.com/the-big-story/asia-report/malaysia-elections/news/story/stop-intimidating-voters-bersih-tells-bn-201 live http://www.selangortimes.com/index.php?section=news&permalink=20130329103515-bersih-wants-violent-politicians-out https://web.archive.org/web/20160127143247/http://www.selangortimes.com/index.php?section=news&permalink=20130329103515-bersih-wants-violent-politicians-out dead 27 January 2016 Bersih wants violent politicians out Selangor Times 29 March 2013 Bersih has added to its blacklist of politicians who perpetuate the cycle of political violence such as Home Minister Hishammuddin Hussein, Defence Minister Zahid Hamidi and BN candidate Hamidah Othman.http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/227987 BN's Hamidah blacklisted for political violence Malaysiakini 25 April 2013 26 April 2013 26 April 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130426110951/http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/227987 live http://www.malaysia-chronicle.com/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=80011:shame-hisham-zahid-blacklisted-by-bersih&Itemid=2 SHAME! Hisham, Zahid blacklisted by BERSIH 30 September 2020 Malaysia-chronicle.com 26 April 2013 26 January 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220126230544/https://www.malaysia-chronicle.com/?option=com_k2&view=item&id=80011%3Ashame-hisham-zahid-blacklisted-by-bersih&Itemid=2 live Bersih has criticised both the BN-majority federal and PR-majority Selangor state caretaker governments for using government resources for election campaigning purposes.http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/227185 Bersih slams BN for scare tactics, misuse of resources Malaysiakini 18 April 2013 18 April 2013 26 January 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220126230559/https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/227185 live May 2013 Nominations Nominations for candidates were made on 20 April 2013 between 9am and 10am. For the first time in Malaysian electoral history, all seats were contested and no candidate won a seat unopposed, with some candidates facing as many as 6 opponents.http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/making-sense-of-nomination-day-for-ge13 Main – Malaysia – Making sense of Nomination Day for GE13 @ Sat Apr 20 2013 Themalaysianinsider.com dead https://web.archive.org/web/20130424041225/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/making-sense-of-nomination-day-for-ge13 24 April 2013 Letters from readers http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/04/20/rebels-independents-and-multi-cornered-fights/ https://web.archive.org/web/20130423043912/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/04/20/rebels-independents-and-multi-cornered-fights/ dead 23 April 2013 Rebels, independents and multi-cornered fights Free Malaysia Today 20 April 2013 There were 579 parliamentary candidates contesting for 222 parliamentary seats, and 1,322 candidates fighting for 505 state seats.http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/227416 Hundreds of Independents flood final tally Malaysiakini 20 April 2013 21 April 2013 23 April 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130423042855/http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/227416 live Statistik Keseluhuran Bagi DUN PRU13 https://web.archive.org/web/20130423092454/http://keputusan.spr.gov.my/ 23 April 2013 Party Parliamentary seats contested State assembly seats contested BN 221 505 PAS 73 236 PKR 99 172 DAP 51 103 STAR 28 49 SAPP 8 41 BERJASA 9 5 KITA 2 11 BERSAMA 1 4 PCM 2 3 PSM 0 2 SWP 6 0 Independent 79 191 Total 579 1322 Conduct Incidents During the first three days of the official campaigning period, a total of 387 incidents were reported, with no fewer than 15 people arrested by the police for investigation. On 23 April 2013 in Nibong Tebal, an Improvised Explosive Device (IED) exploded at the site of a BN rally, injuring one. The police subsequently discovered a second IED at the site, which was later safely detonated. Both the incumbent Prime Minister Najib Razak and opposition leader Anwar Ibrahim have condemned the violence.Malaysian election violence spikes with bombing: police https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5g4ojMFO0AzN0JFlBaVM6SAYg3D3g?docId=CNG.670836a3fca949fec2be618bd57c3997.181 https://web.archive.org/web/20130508174126/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5g4ojMFO0AzN0JFlBaVM6SAYg3D3g?docId=CNG.670836a3fca949fec2be618bd57c3997.181 dead 8 May 2013 Agence France-Presse 25 April 2013Malaysia elections: Cops find second device at blast site of BN ceramah http://www.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne%2BNews/Malaysia/Story/A1Story20130425-418214.html The Star/Asia News Network 25 April 2013 Christopher Tan Tan Sin Chow amp 27 April 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130427235014/http://www.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne+News/Malaysia/Story/A1Story20130425-418214.html live The bombings have also been condemned by Bersih who said that all politicians should condemn the violence regardless of party affiliation. Bersih has offered to monitor police reports made on political violence and incidents of electoral misconduct.Letters from readers https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/04/18/bersih-offers-to-monitor-political-violence/ https://web.archive.org/web/20130419231900/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/04/18/bersih-offers-to-monitor-political-violence/ dead 19 April 2013 Bersih offers to monitor 'political violence' Free Malaysia Today 18 April 2013 http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/228040 Bersih condemns bombings targeting BN Malaysiakini 25 April 2013 26 April 2013 28 April 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130428011506/http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/228040 live Opposition political gatherings were disrupted by bikers. On 24 April 2013, a press photographer was assaulted by bikers spotted wearing 1Malaysia shirts at a gathering by DAP in Bukit Gelugor. The state BN chief has denied any connection with the incident.Letters from readers https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/04/25/teng-unruly-mat-rempits-not-ours/ https://web.archive.org/web/20130511082723/https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/04/25/teng-unruly-mat-rempits-not-ours/ dead 11 May 2013 Teng: Unruly Mat Rempits not ours Free Malaysia Today 25 April 2013 http://www.freemalaysiakini2.com/?p=71567 https://web.archive.org/web/20241231121504/https://freemalaysiakini2.com/?p=71567 dead 31 December 2024 Tian Chua's ceramah disrupted yet again in Malacca | Free MalaysiaKini Freemalaysiakini2.com 21 March 2013 Additionally, there have been numerous reports of vandalism against vehicles used by opposition politicians and their supporters. In one incident, two cars belonging to a PKR candidate's daughter were damaged following an arson attempt at her residence in Klang.http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/228062 Cars of PKR candidate's daughter set ablaze Malaysiakini 26 April 2013 26 April 2013 30 April 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130430041850/http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/228062 live http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/223251 More violence at Pakatan ceramah in Malacca Malaysiakini 8 March 2013 26 April 2013 11 March 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130311042159/http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/223251 live http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/208960 Stone and nails greet PKR's entourage in Johor Malaysiakini 14 September 2012 26 April 2013 17 October 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20121017072700/http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/208960 live A number of sexually explicit videos allegedly portraying opposition figures have surfaced in cyberspace, notably on blogs hostile towards the Pakatan Rakyat.Letters from readers https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/04/25/most-malaysians-not-influenced-by-sex-videos/ https://web.archive.org/web/20130511073520/https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/04/25/most-malaysians-not-influenced-by-sex-videos/ dead 11 May 2013 Malaysians 'not influenced' by sex videos Free Malaysia Today 25 April 2013 Letters from readers https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/04/12/exposed-mustafa-ali-sex-video/ https://web.archive.org/web/20130414094251/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/04/12/exposed-mustafa-ali-sex-video/ dead 14 April 2013 Exposed: 'Mustafa Ali' sex video Free Malaysia Today 12 April 2013 http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/after-anwar-sex-video-of-nurul-izzah-to-be-released-soon-claims-pkr Main – Malaysia – After Anwar, sex video of Nurul Izzah to be released soon, claims PKR @ Tue Mar 26 2013 Themalaysianinsider.com 2016-03-03 https://web.archive.org/web/20160303211719/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/after-anwar-sex-video-of-nurul-izzah-to-be-released-soon-claims-pkr The secretary-general of PAS, Datuk Mustafa Ali, who was implicated in one of the videos has denied his involvement, with his lawyer calling the videos "a pure slander campaign by UMNO".Malaysia GE13: PAS sec-gen Mustafa Ali's lawyer denies it's his client in sex video http://www.straitstimes.com/breaking-news/se-asia/story/malaysia-ge13-pas-sec-gen-mustafa-alis-lawyer-denies-its-his-client-sex- The Straits Times 26 April 2013 12 April 2013 15 April 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130415083327/http://www.straitstimes.com/breaking-news/se-asia/story/malaysia-ge13-pas-sec-gen-mustafa-alis-lawyer-denies-its-his-client-sex- live In turn, UMNO has sued Mustafa and his lawyer over those allegedly libelous statements.Malaysia election: Mustafa sued over sex video statements http://www.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne%2BNews/Malaysia/Story/A1Story20130424-417986.html The Star/Asia News Network 26 April 2013 24 April 2013 7 November 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20171107024154/http://www.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne+News/Malaysia/Story/A1Story20130424-417986.html live Anwar Ibrahim has also sued UMNO blogger and election candidate Wan Muhammad Azri Wan Deris for trying to implicate him in one of the explicit videos.Letters from readers https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/03/21/anwar-sues-blogger-for-rm100-mil/ https://web.archive.org/web/20130322102309/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/03/21/anwar-sues-blogger-for-rm100-mil/ dead 22 March 2013 Anwar sues blogger for RM100 mil Free Malaysia Today 21 March 2013 A number of anti-Christian billboards have appeared during the election campaign period, bringing up the ire of the Christian Federation of Malaysia, who have called for the removal of such billboards.Letters from readers https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/05/01/remove-anti-christian-billboards/ https://web.archive.org/web/20160127143248/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/05/01/remove-anti-christian-billboards/ dead 27 January 2016 Remove anti-Christian billboards Free Malaysia Today 1 May 2013 http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/228639 Group deplores anti-Christian billboards in polls drive Malaysiakini 1 May 2013 1 May 2013 3 May 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130503231847/http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/228639 live Users of several online news and media websites, such as independent news site Malaysiakini have claimed that several Malaysian internet service providers (ISPs) were throttling their access speeds to the sites.http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/228203 Access to Malaysiakini 'restricted' by ISPs Malaysiakini 28 April 2013 29 April 2013 30 April 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130430181824/http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/228203 live http://www.malaysia-chronicle.com/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=93141:question-mark-over-local-isps-playing-politics&Itemid=2 BOWING TO THE POLITICAL MASTERS: Local ISPs playing politics? 30 September 2020 Malaysia-chronicle.com 29 April 2013 26 January 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220126230549/https://www.malaysia-chronicle.com/?option=com_k2&view=item&id=93141%3Aquestion-mark-over-local-isps-playing-politics&Itemid=2 live Several independent websites critical of the government, such as Radio Free Malaysia and Sarawak Report have experienced DDoS attacks.Letters from readers https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/03/26/new-radio-station-under-ddos-under-attack/ https://web.archive.org/web/20130329083145/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/03/26/new-radio-station-under-ddos-under-attack/ dead 29 March 2013 New radio station under DDOS attack Free Malaysia Today 26 March 2013 http://www.malaysia-chronicle.com/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=83482:kill-the-messenger-bn-jacks-up-ddos-attacks-on-swak-websites&Itemid=2 Kill The Messenger! BN jacks up DDOS attacks on S'wak websites Malaysia-chronicle.com 11 April 2013 29 April 2013 26 January 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220126230550/https://www.malaysia-chronicle.com/?option=com_k2&view=item&id=83482%3Akill-the-messenger-bn-jacks-up-ddos-attacks-on-swak-websites&Itemid=2 live Malaysiakini have claimed that their Twitter account was hacked and their videos inaccessible through local ISPs.http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/228305 Mkini Twitter accounts hijacked Malaysiakini 28 April 2013 29 April 2013 3 May 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130503084837/http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/228305 live http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/228819 China-style censorship blocking KiniTV videos Malaysiakini 2 May 2013 2 May 2013 5 May 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130505005744/http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/228819 live There have been a number of reports by the opposition alleging that the incumbent government is flying in thousands of foreigners to parts of Malaysia to influence the outcome of the vote in favour of BN.Letters from readers https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/05/02/explain-pmos-role-in-flying-in-dubious-voters/ https://web.archive.org/web/20160127143247/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/05/02/explain-pmos-role-in-flying-in-dubious-voters/ dead 27 January 2016 'Explain PMO's role in flying in dubious voters' Free Malaysia Today 2 May 2013 http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/anwar-claims-ec-pmo-in-mass-suspect-voters-ploy https://web.archive.org/web/20130504145618/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/anwar-claims-ec-pmo-in-mass-suspect-voters-ploy/ dead 4 May 2013 Main – Malaysia – Anwar claims mass suspect-voters ploy in GE13 @ Thu May 02 2013 Themalaysianinsider.com BN in turn has denied any wrongdoing, saying these flights were sponsored by "friends of BN".http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/flights-for-voters-normal-paid-for-by-friends-of-bn-says-tengku-adnan Main – Malaysia – Flights for voters 'normal', paid for by friends of BN, says Tengku Adnan @ Thu May 02 2013 Themalaysianinsider.com 2016-03-03 https://web.archive.org/web/20160303212029/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/flights-for-voters-normal-paid-for-by-friends-of-bn-says-tengku-adnanhttp://www.malaysia-chronicle.com/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=96061:tengku-adnan-admits-chartering-flights-for-voters&Itemid=2 Tengku Adnan admits chartering flights for voters 30 September 2020 Malaysia-chronicle.com 4 May 2013 26 January 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220126230608/https://www.malaysia-chronicle.com/?option=com_k2&view=item&id=96061%3Atengku-adnan-admits-chartering-flights-for-voters&Itemid=2 live Bersih has called the provision of flights for voters an election offence.http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/election-offence-to-provide-flights-for-voters-says-ambiga Main – Malaysia – Election offence to provide flights for voters, says Ambiga @ Fri May 03 2013 Themalaysianinsider.com 2016-03-03 https://web.archive.org/web/20160303212913/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/election-offence-to-provide-flights-for-voters-says-ambigahttp://www.malaysiakini.com/news/229036 Bersih slams the thousands of air-flown dubious voters Malaysiakini 4 May 2013 4 May 2013 7 May 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130507051912/http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/229036 live The opposition said that many of their supporters and agents will be monitoring the situation and making citizen's arrests of foreigners who vote.http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/watchdogs-on-foreigners-fishy-behaviour-in-ge13-says-pas/ Main – Malaysia – Watchdogs on foreigners' 'fishy behaviour' in GE13, says PAS @ Sat May 04 2013 Themalaysianinsider.com 2016-03-03 https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222034/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/watchdogs-on-foreigners-fishy-behaviour-in-ge13-says-pas/http://www.malaysia-chronicle.com/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=97121:watch-out-cheaters-dubious-voters-to-face-citizens-arrest-klang-mp&Itemid=2 WATCH OUT CHEATERS! Dubious voters to face citizen's arrest – Klang MP Malaysia-chronicle.com 5 May 2013 26 January 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220126230637/https://www.malaysia-chronicle.com/?option=com_k2&view=item&id=97121%3Awatch-out-cheaters-dubious-voters-to-face-citizens-arrest-klang-mp&Itemid=2 live Voting Postal voting for overseas Malaysians were conducted in various Malaysian representative offices around the world. According to the Election Commission (EC), 70% of 8,756 people who were eligible to vote overseas turned up to vote despite some teething problems.http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/05/01/70-pct-turnout-for-overseas-postal-voting-ec/ 70 pct turnout for overseas postal voting – EC Theborneopost.com 1 May 2013 1 May 2013 14 May 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130514031619/http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/05/01/70-pct-turnout-for-overseas-postal-voting-ec/ live http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/228571 70pct turnout for overseas postal voting, says EC Malaysiakini 30 April 2013 1 May 2013 2 May 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130502234218/http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/228571 live http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/228390 Mixed views as M'sians tackle postal vote in France Malaysiakini 29 April 2013 1 May 2013 1 May 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130501185253/http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/228390 live Early voting was conducted for military, police personnel and their spouses in 544 polling centres throughout Malaysia. It was estimated that there were 270,000 of these voters in total.http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/advance-voting-begins-in-malaysia/659578.html Advance voting begins in Malaysia 2013-05-01 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20130503010346/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/advance-voting-begins-in-malaysia/659578.html 3 May 2013 http://www.straitstimes.com/breaking-news/se-asia/story/malaysia-ge13-advance-voting-underway-20130430 Malaysia GE13: Advance voting underway The Straits Times 30 April 2013 1 May 2013 30 April 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130430204852/http://www.straitstimes.com/breaking-news/se-asia/story/malaysia-ge13-advance-voting-underway-20130430 live http://elections.thestar.com.my/story.aspx?file=/2013/4/30/nation/20130430094132 GE13: Advance voting underway (updated) – 13th Malaysian General Election GE13 – The Star Online The Star Malaysia 7 May 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20171107005649/http://elections.thestar.com.my/story.aspx?file=%2F2013%2F4%2F30%2Fnation%2F20130430094132 7 November 2017 dead There have been several reports regarding the usage of indelible ink for early voters, with some claiming that the ink could be easily washed off.http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/228547 Ink used on voter's index finger is NOT indelible Malaysiakini 30 April 2013 1 May 2013 3 May 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130503085258/http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/228547 live http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/228612 EC staff 'made mistake by not shaking indelible ink bottle' Malaysiakini 1 May 2013 1 May 2013 3 May 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130503231723/http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/228612 live http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/05/01/early-voters-first-to-use-indelible-ink/ Early voters first to use indelible ink Theborneopost.com 1 May 2013 1 May 2013 13 November 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20131113142916/http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/05/01/early-voters-first-to-use-indelible-ink/ live The Election Commission has promised to conduct investigations on this issue after a number of reports lodged by several opposition parties.Letters from readers https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/04/30/ec-probing-reports-on-indelible-ink/ https://web.archive.org/web/20130605063905/https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/04/30/ec-probing-reports-on-indelible-ink/ dead 5 June 2013 EC probing reports on indelible ink Free Malaysia Today 30 April 2013 Letters from readers https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/05/01/ecs-excuse-unbelievable-says-wan-azizah/ https://web.archive.org/web/20160127143247/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/05/01/ecs-excuse-unbelievable-says-wan-azizah/ dead 27 January 2016 EC's excuse unbelievable, says Wan Azizah Free Malaysia Today 1 May 2013 On 2 May 2013, the EC held a public demonstration on the application of indelible ink. During this demonstration, the stain left behind by the ink was attempted to be washed off using various means, but without success. Addressing the earlier claims and reports of the stain being easily removed, EC deputy chairman Datuk Wan Ahmad Wan Omar stated that this could be due to improper application procedures. He said that if the ink bottles were not thoroughly shook before use, the applied ink may contain insufficient quantities of silver nitrate, the compound used in the ink that leaves a permanent stain.EC holds demo on indelible ink https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/05/02/ec-holds-demo-on-indelible-ink/ FMT 2 May 2013 G Vinod https://web.archive.org/web/20131113153623/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/05/02/ec-holds-demo-on-indelible-ink/ 13 November 2013 deadMalaysia election: EC staff will use indelible ink on polling day according to guidelines http://news.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne%2BNews/Malaysia/Story/A1Story20130502-419715.html https://web.archive.org/web/20130514030148/http://news.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne%2BNews/Malaysia/Story/A1Story20130502-419715.html dead 14 May 2013 The Star/Asia News Network 2 May 2013 General voting began at 8.00 am on 5 May 2013 with a total of 13,268,002 Malaysians eligible to cast their ballots at 8,789 polling centres nationwide.GE13: The Showdown http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2013/5/5/nation/20130505080256&sec=nation 5 May 2013 6 May 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130506033144/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2013%2F5%2F5%2Fnation%2F20130505080256&sec=nation live Voter turnout is expected to be at an all-time high surpassing the 2008 election. As of 12 pm, 58.99% of voters have cast their ballots, nationwide.Almost 60 Per Cent Voted By Noon – EC http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v7/newsindex.php?id=947557 5 May 2013 27 January 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160127143249/http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v7/newsindex.php?id=947557 live Voting closed at 5 pm however voters inside the polling stations were allowed to continue casting their ballots. Estimated turnout was 80%.EC reports record 80pct turnout of voters http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/229160 5 May 2013 7 May 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130507075219/http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/229160 live Results Results of the 2013 Malaysian general election by parliamentary constituency thumb|Equal-area representation of Parliament results with each hexagon representing one seat Pakatan Rakyat 5 People's Justice Party 2232618 29 –1 Democratic Action Party 1736909 38 +10 Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party 1633199 21 –2 Socialist Party of Malaysia 21593 1 0 5624319 89 +7 Barisan Nasional 14 United Malays National Organisation 3242037 88 +9 Malaysian Chinese Association 881766 7 –8 Malaysian Indian Congress 251004 4 +1 Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu 232390 14 0 Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia 210773 1 –1 Sarawak United Peoples' Party 133603 1 –5 United Sabah Party 74959 4 +1 UPKO 65966 3 –1 Parti Rakyat Sarawak 59540 6 0 Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party 55505 4 0 Liberal Democratic Party 13138 0 –1 Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah 9467 1 0 People's Progressive Party 7530 0 0 5237678 133 –5 State Reform Party 45386 0 New Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front 31835 0 New Sarawak Workers Party 15630 0 New #ec1d25 Sabah Progressive Party 10099 0 –2 Love Malaysia Party 2129 0 New People's Welfare Party 623 0 New Malaysian United People's Party 257 0 New Independents 86931 0 0 173661 0 13268002 ElectionData.MY By state Johor Barisan Nasional 5 United Malays National Organisation 518952 15 -1 Malaysian Chinese Association 192043 4 -3 Malaysian Indian Congress 20037 1 0 Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia 19754 1 0 750786 21 -4 Pakatan Rakyat 4 People's Justice Party 284777 1 +1 Democratic Action Party 204363 4 +3 Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party 125983 0 0 615123 5 +4 Independents 1033 0 0 28821 0 1605311 ElectionData.MY Kedah Barisan Nasional 3 United Malays National Organisation 399890 10 +7 Malaysian Chinese Association 51205 0 -1 451095 10 +6 Pakatan Rakyat 3 People's Justice Party 217452 4 -1 Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party 214547 1 -5 431999 5 –6 Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front 6160 0 New Malaysian United People's Party 257 0 New People's Welfare Party 200 0 New Independents 1864 0 0 16745 0 1041068 ElectionData.MY Kelantan Pakatan Rakyat 3 Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party 340016 9 0 People's Justice Party 73071 0 -3 413087 9 –3 Barisan Nasional United Malays National Organisation 330382 5 +3 Independents 25745 0 0 13142 0 918573 ElectionData.MY Kuala Lumpur Pakatan Rakyat 4 Democratic Action Party 229377 5 0 People's Justice Party 173807 4 0 Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party 22168 0 -1 425352 9 –1 Barisan Nasional 5 United Malays National Organisation 105134 2 +1 Malaysian Chinese Association 64032 0 0 Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia 50572 0 0 People's Progressive Party 7530 0 0 227268 2 +1 Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front 949 0 New Independents 4281 0 0 6278 0 792071 ElectionData.MY Labuan Barisan Nasional United Malays National Organisation 12694 1 0 Pakatan Rakyat 3 People's Justice Party 6069 0 0 Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party 386 0 0 6455 0 0 228 0 24474 ElectionData.MY Malacca Barisan Nasional 3 United Malays National Organisation 141516 3 -1 Malaysian Chinese Association 61369 1 0 202885 4 -1 Pakatan Rakyat 4 People's Justice Party 92165 1 +1 Democratic Action Party 70518 1 0 Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party 11488 0 0 173981 2 +1 7106 0 439040 ElectionData.MY Negeri Sembilan Barisan Nasional 4 United Malays National Organisation 150188 5 0 Malaysian Chinese Association 58246 0 0 Malaysian Indian Congress 28269 0 0 236703 5 0 Pakatan Rakyat 4 Democratic Action Party 94900 2 0 People's Justice Party 69390 1 0 Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party 55736 0 0 219718 3 0 Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front 6866 0 New Independents 1023 0 0 10359 0 555982 ElectionData.MY Pahang Barisan Nasional 4 United Malays National Organisation 280542 8 -1 Malaysian Chinese Association 46548 1 -1 Malaysian Indian Congress 10506 1 0 337596 10 -2 Pakatan Rakyat 4 People's Justice Party 107641 2 0 Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party 104743 1 +1 Democratic Action Party 59027 1 +1 271411 4 +2 Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front 912 0 New Independents 1847 0 0 13260 0 736111 ElectionData.MY Penang Pakatan Rakyat 4 Democratic Action Party 319594 7 0 People's Justice Party 131430 3 -1 Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party 42303 0 0 493327 10 –1 Barisan Nasional 4 United Malays National Organisation 118613 3 +1 Malaysian Chinese Association 62969 0 0 Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia 47813 0 0 229395 3 +1 Love Malaysia Party 2129 0 New Independents 2393 0 0 10317 0 846232 ElectionData.MY Perak Pakatan Rakyat 5 Democratic Action Party 261752 7 +1 People's Justice Party 222480 2 0 Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party 118035 2 0 Socialist Party of Malaysia 21593 1 0 623860 12 +1 Barisan Nasional 5 United Malays National Organisation 249988 10 +2 Malaysian Chinese Association 160905 1 -2 Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia 62498 0 -1 Malaysian Indian Congress 39470 1 0 512861 12 -1 Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front 2053 0 New Independents 2102 0 0 23427 0 1406734 ElectionData.MY Perlis Barisan Nasional United Malays National Organisation 64192 3 0 Pakatan Rakyat Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party 51358 0 0 Independents 406 0 0 2056 0 137057 ElectionData.MY Putrajaya Barisan Nasional United Malays National Organisation 9943 1 0 Pakatan Rakyat Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party 4402 0 0 120 0 15791 ElectionData.MY Sabah Barisan Nasional 6 United Malays National Organisation 258298 14 +1 United Sabah Party 74959 4 +1 UPKO 65966 3 -1 Liberal Democratic Party 13138 0 -1 Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah 9467 1 0 421828 22 0 Pakatan Rakyat 4 People's Justice Party 195117 1 +1 Democratic Action Party 64103 2 +1 Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party 18191 0 0 277411 3 +2 State Reform Party 43010 0 New Sabah Progressive Party 10099 0 -2 People's Welfare Party 423 0 0 Independents 17695 0 0 19682 0 981814 ElectionData.MY Sarawak Barisan Nasional 5 Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu 232390 14 0 Sarawak United Peoples' Party 133603 1 -5 Parti Rakyat Sarawak 59540 6 0 Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party 55505 4 0 481038 25 -5 Pakatan Rakyat 4 Democratic Action Party 179973 5 +4 People's Justice Party 105117 1 +1 Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party 19418 0 0 304508 6 +5 Sarawak Workers Party 15630 0 New #ec1d25 State Reform Party 2376 0 New Independents 13675 0 0 11668 0 1083972 ElectionData.MY Selangor Pakatan Rakyat 4 People's Justice Party 520883 9 0 Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party 270532 4 0 Democratic Action Party 253302 4 0 1044717 17 0 Barisan Nasional 5 United Malays National Organisation 318250 4 0 Malaysian Chinese Association 184449 0 -1 Malaysian Indian Congress 152722 1 +1 Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia 30136 0 0 685557 5 0 Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front 14895 0 New Independents 14301 0 0 30310 0 2048828 ElectionData.MY Terengganu Barisan Nasional United Malays National Organisation 283455 4 -3 Pakatan Rakyat 3 Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party 233893 4 +3 People's Justice Party 33219 0 0 267112 4 +3 Independents 566 0 0 8139 0 634944 ElectionData.MY Reactions, analysis and aftermath thumb|Anwar speaking at a rally denouncing the May 2013 election results right|thumbnail|A crowd of black-clad protesters at Kelana Jaya, Selangor Najib Razak told the media the day after the election: "We have to show to the world that we are a mature democracy. Whatever happens, the decision of the people, the will of the people must be respected."Ten Daniel https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-05-05/malaysia-government-wins-112-of-222-seats-commission-data-show.html Malaysia Government Defeats Anwar to Extend 55-Year Rule Bloomberg 5 May 2013 8 March 2017 7 July 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130707084617/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-05-05/malaysia-government-wins-112-of-222-seats-commission-data-show.html live He added: "After my inauguration as prime minister, I vow to honestly carry out all my obligations with full dedication. I will be truly faithful to Malaysia and will preserve, protect and defend the institution." Anwar Ibrahim reacted in calling for two days of protests in saying the win was the "worst electoral fraud in our history" and that he "call[s] upon as many Malaysians to join hands and express our rejection and disgust at the unprecedented electoral fraud committed by Najib Razak and the EC (Election Commission)." Herizal Hazri of the Malaysia Asia Foundation said: "There is a sense of rejection within the urban Malaysian voters to accept this rhetoric. They want a more inclusive Malaysia, they want to vote for parties that represents all race groups."http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia-pacific/2013/05/201356142723845697.html Malaysia PM sworn in amid opposition protests – Asia-Pacific Al Jazeera 4 October 2011 6 May 2013 7 May 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130507134016/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia-pacific/2013/05/201356142723845697.html live The opposition parties had promised to revise Malaysia's affirmative action policy which favours Malays and other indigenous groups ("Bumiputra") over the Chinese and Indian minorities. Prime Minister Najib Razak claimed that this was the reason why ethnic Chinese voted for the opposition.https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-22422172 Malaysia vote: PM Najib Razak's Barisan Nasional wins BBC News 6 May 2013 20 June 2018 27 November 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181127112511/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-22422172 live The most perceivable swing from the ruling coalition to the opposition, namely from the BN-affiliated MCA and Gerakan parties to the DAP, was among ethnic Chinese voters.http://www.canberratimes.com.au/comment/racial-fearmongering-polls-unintended-result-20130507-2j5z2.html Racial fearmongering poll's unintended result Gobind Rudra The Canberra Times 8 May 2013 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20130509001241/http://www.canberratimes.com.au/comment/racial-fearmongering-polls-unintended-result-20130507-2j5z2.html 9 May 2013 http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/ruling-barisan-wins-malaysian-elections-/664612.html Ruling Barisan wins Malaysian elections, but opposition score bigger wins Channel NewsAsia 6 May 2013 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20130508211106/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/ruling-barisan-wins-malaysian-elections-/664612.html 8 May 2013 This led to Najib claiming that the opposition had manipulated and deceived this population grouphttp://www.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne%2BNews/Malaysia/Story/A1Story20130507-420950.html Malaysia election: Opposition manipulated the Chinese community, says PM Najib Asia One 7 May 2013 7 May 2013 6 June 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130606225348/http://www.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne+News/Malaysia/Story/A1Story20130507-420950.html live and making a "Chinese tsunami" accountable for his alliance's losses. However, the claim was disputed by political analyst Datuk Dr Shamsul Amri Baharuddin, who claimed it was more accurately, an urban swing.http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/ge13-an-urban-not-chinese-swing-say-analysts/ GE13 an urban, not Chinese swing, say analysts Malaysian Insider 7 May 2013 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20130510102752/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/ge13-an-urban-not-chinese-swing-say-analysts 10 May 2013 The geographic distribution of votes shows a considerable difference between largely urban regions with a great proportion of ethnic Chinese which mostly voted for the oppositional alliance – often by a high margin – and more rural states populated by "Bumiputra" where the governing coalition won most of its seats.https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/malaysia-s-election-result-exposes-divided-country-1.1344840 Malaysia's election result exposes divided country CBC News 6 May 2013 7 May 2013 26 January 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220126230613/https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/malaysia-s-election-result-exposes-divided-country-1.1344840 live On 8 May Anwar led a rally in the Kelana Jaya football stadium near Kuala Lumpur. According to online sources that support PR, 120,000 people participated.https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/229564 120,000 show of force at post-GE13 rally 4 May 2016 10 June 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160610144123/http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/229564 live Since the stadium usually can hold approximately 25,000 people, skeptics estimated that the number of participants ranged from 64,000 to 69,000.http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/thousands-pack-kelana-jaya-stadium-for-pakatan-rally thousands-pack-kelana-jaya-stadium-for-pakatan-rally Lyn, Boo Su Ding, Emily 9 May 2013 The Malaysian Insider dead https://web.archive.org/web/20150919012500/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/thousands-pack-kelana-jaya-stadium-for-pakatan-rally/ 19 September 2015 PR supporters claimed that the election was a sham.http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia-pacific/2013/05/2013586202916888.html Thousands rally against Malaysia vote result aljazeera.com 8 May 2013 8 May 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130508134406/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia-pacific/2013/05/2013586202916888.html live Pakatan Rakyat suffered from a leadership crisis after the election, including the withdrawal of PAS from the coalition in 2015. The coalition thus automatically dissolved and was replaced by Pakatan Harapan.https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/break-up-of-malaysias-opposition-bloc-pakatan-rakyat-what-happened-and-whats-next Break up of Malaysia's opposition bloc Pakatan Rakyat: What happened and what's next? The Straits Times 2015-06-18 2022-01-26 6 July 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200706040814/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/break-up-of-malaysias-opposition-bloc-pakatan-rakyat-what-happened-and-whats-next live See also 2013 Malaysian state elections Notes References External links Official websites Official Election Commission Of Malaysia Website https://web.archive.org/web/20180509211404/http://pru14.spr.gov.my/ 9 May 2018 ms Official Portal Of The 2013 Malaysian General Election ms Dashboard PRU13 for the latest election results ms Official candidates list https://web.archive.org/web/20130512031350/http://resultpru13.spr.gov.my/module/penamaan/laporan/laporan_6/laporan_6.php 12 May 2013 ms Manifestos Barisan Nasional en Pakatan Rakyat en Other media Voting Guide, Candidates List & Live Social Feed howtovotemalaysia.org en Undi.info:MALAYSIAN ELECTION DATA, powered by Malaysiakini en 13th Malaysian General Election GE13 The Star Online en James Chin (2015). "The ‘Pek Moh’ Factor and the Sarawak Parliamentary Seats" in Johan Savaranamuttu, Lee Hock Guan, Mohamed Nawab Mohamed Osman (eds.) Coalitions in Collision: Malaysia's 13th General Elections (KL & Singapore: ISEAS & SIRD) pp. 181–198 GE13 Live reports from Malaysiakini and Yahoo News en Category:General elections in Malaysia Malaysia General Genral