1679 Armenia earthquake

Earthquake in West Asia 1679 Armenia earthquake yes June 4, 1679 Armenia 6.4 s y 9–10 40.2 N 44.7 E inline,title Yerevan Province, Safavid Iran 7,600 dead thumb|Ruins of the Garni temple in 1947 The 1679 Armenia earthquake (also called Yerevan earthquake or Garni earthquake) took place on June 4 in the Yerevan region of Armenia, then part of the Safavid Iran. Numerous buildings were destroyed as a result of the earthquake. In Yerevan most notable structures were damaged. The Yerevan Fortress was destroyed, so were the following churches: Poghos-Petros, Katoghike, Zoravor and the Gethsemane Chapel. Furthermore, the nearby Kanaker village was destroyed. The classical Hellenistic Temple of Garni also collapsed. Among many churches and monasteries that were reduced to ruins were Havuts Tar, Saint Sargis Monastery of Ushi, Hovhannavank, Geghard, and Khor Virap. Tectonic setting Armenia lies within the northern part of the complex zone of continental collision between the Arabian plate and the Eurasian plate, which extends from the Bitlis-Zagros belt in the south to the Greater Caucasus Mountains, the Apsheron-Balkan Sill and the Kopet Dag mountains in the north.Talebian M. Jackson J. 2004 A reappraisal of earthquake focal and active shortening in the Zagros mountains of Iran Geophysical Journal International 156 3 506–526 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02092.x 2004GeoJI.156..506T free In Armenia the collision is strongly oblique with a large dextral (right lateral) strike-slip component.10.1023/A:1024561622879 2003 Guidoboni E. Haroutiunian R. Karakhanian A. The Garnì (Armenia) large earthquake on 14 June 1679: A new analysis Journal of Seismology 7 3 301–328 2003JSeis...7..301G 126868275 This has led to the development of a series of northwest–southeast trending dextral strike-slip fault zones. The largest of these, from south to north, are the Sardarapat-Nakhicheven fault,Karakhanian A.S. Trifonov V.G. Philip H. Avagyan A. Hessami K. Jamali F. Bayraktutan M.S. Bagdassarian H. Arakelian S. Davtian V. Adilkhanyan A. 2004 Active faulting and natural hazards in Armenia, eastern Turkey and northwestern Iran Tectonophysics 380 3–4 206 10.1016/j.tecto.2003.09.020 2004Tectp.380..189K the Garni fault zone, Sunik fault zone, Kelbecer–Qubadlı fault and the Çıldır-Sevan fault zone, all of which are seismically active.Gürbüz A. Tectonic and Structural Framework of the Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt Şaroğlu F. 2019 978-0-12-815048-1 Saein A.F. Developments in Structural Geology and Tectonics 3 7. Right-Lateral Strike-Slip Faulting and Related Basin Formations in the Turkish–Iranian Plateau 10.1016/B978-0-12-815048-1.00007-X Earthquake A series of locations have been proposed for the epicentre, from just north of Yerevan to >10 km east of Garni. Estimated magnitudes are similarly varied, ranging from 5.5 to 7.0, and the seismic intensity at the epicentre ranges from VIII to X. The date is generally accepted as June 4, but the time is variously described as 04:00, 06:00 and 16:00. In 2003, a complete re-evaluation of the original sources led to a revised set of parameters. The revised epicentre is close to Garni, the estimated magnitude is 6.7 e (equivalent magnitude - intended to match the moment magnitude scale from intensity data) and the epicentral intensity is X on the MCS scale. By taking account of the different systems in use at the time of the earthquake, a local time of about 10:30 to 11:45 is preferred. The fault that caused earthquake is thought to be the Garni Fault, which is a mainly dextral structure, with a component of reverse faulting. A horizontal displacement of about 300 m has been estimated for this fault, with a horizontal slip rate of 3.0±0.5 mm per year and vertical slip-rate of 0.3–0.4 mm per year. Movement on the northernmost segment of this fault was responsible for the 1988 Spitak earthquake. Impact Casualties The figure of about 7,600 deaths appears in many later sources, derived from the writings of Zackaria of Aghoulis in which he appears to refer to the total for Yerevan Province. Other sources imply much higher rates of fatalities, such as Zackaria of Kanaker, who reported that the dead outnumbered the survivors and that 1,228 died in his own village of Kanaker. Another source gives a total death toll of 50,000. See also Iranian Armenia (1502–1828) List of earthquakes in Armenia List of historical earthquakes References International Handbook of Earthquake & Engineering Seismology Part A, Volume 81A A List of Deadly Earthquakes in the World: 1500–2000 T. R. Utsu 2002 Academic Press First 978-0124406520 69 Hasrat'yan Mourad Murad Hasratyan The medieval earthquakes of the Armenian Plateau and the historic towns of Ayrarat and Shirak (Dvin, Ani, Erevan) Annali di Geofisica 1995 38 5–6 721 http://www.annalsofgeophysics.eu/index.php/annals/article/viewFile/4083/4150 National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology hy Tadevos Hakobyan Tadevos Hakobyan Երևանի պատմությունը (1500–1800 ԹԹ.) History of Yerevan (1500–1800) http://armenianhouse.org/hakobyan-t/yerevan/index.html 1979 Yerevan State University Press 328 Category:Earthquakes in Armenia Category:17th century in Armenia Armenia earthquake Category:Yerevan Category:1670s earthquakes Armenia earthquake