1901 Black Sea earthquake

Earthquake struck Dobrich Province, Bulgaria on March 31, 1901 October 2024 1901 Black Sea earthquake 1901-03-31 07:12:24 n/a n/a Bulgaria 1901 3 31http://www.astrele.ro/2014/01/21/cutremurele-din-romania-partea-i/ Cutremurele din România (partea I) Astrele Mihaela Dicu January 21, 2014 rohttp://esnet.infp.ro/content/Romania_CAR.pdf Romania CAR ESnet 09:12:24 7.2 w y 14 km mi 0 on Romania Bulgaria 1,200 houses destroyedhttp://www.mgu.bg/sessions/11/01/brrrsdgordmdapodssnd.pdf Marinegeohazard project – Key core elements of the early warning system in the Black Sea University of Mining and Geology "St. Ivan Rilski" 2011 XKarnik V. Seismicity of the European Area D. Riedel Publishing Co. Dordrecht 1969 364 4–5 m Yes 5 w y (at 11:30 local time) uncertain The 1901 Black Sea earthquake (also known in Bulgaria as the Balchik earthquake) https://gq.pgi.gov.pl/article/viewFile/8109/pdf_215 Recent geological activity along the northeastern Bnlgarian Black Sea coast July 20, 2000 Geological Quarterly Matova Margarita was a 7.2 magnitude earthquake,Matova M. 1999 Some geoindications of recent geological activity along the northern Bulgarian coast http://www.lgt.lt/geoin/files/vilnius_13.pdf Geoindicators https://web.archive.org/web/20160303224817/http://www.lgt.lt/geoin/files/vilnius_13.pdf March 3, 2016 ' the most powerful earthquake ever recorded in the Black Sea."S-a cutremurat Marea Neagră" , Jurnalul.ro, August 5, 2009 The earthquake epicenter was located in the east of Cape Kaliakra, 30 km off northeast coast of Bulgaria.http://www.ziare.com/international/stiri-externe/cutremure-in-marea-neagra-pericol-de-tsunami-843270 Cutremure în Marea Neagră: pericol de tsunami? Ziare.com August 5, 2009 ro Valentin Dimitriu The mainshock occurred at a depth of 15 km on and generated a 4 – 5 m on high tsunami Tsunamis along the coasts of the Black Sea Altinok Yildiz Second Balkan Geophysical Congress and Exhibition 1999 Istanbul 46–47 http://www.balkangeophysoc.gr/menu/congresses/oral/46-47-O8-1-Yildiz_Altinok.PDF that devastated the coastal areas of Romania and Bulgaria.http://www.romanialibera.ro/actualitate/eveniment/tsunami-in-marea-neagra-140318 Tsunami în Marea Neagră România Liberă Darius Martinescu November 27, 2008 ro Seismic activity after the earthquake of 31 March, 1901 in the Shabla-Kaliakra zone Ranguelov B. Bulgarian Geophysical Journal 1994 44–49 Gospodinov D. In Romania, the earthquake was felt not only throughout Northern Dobruja, but also in Oltenia and Muntenia, and even in southern Moldova. The earthquake was followed by a large number of aftershocks, which continued until 1905; the strongest reached magnitudes of 5.5–6.0 on the Richter scale and were also felt in southern Romania, including Bucharest. After 1905, Pontic seismic activity began to subside, although weak and moderate earthquakes were also reported in subsequent years. Such events are rare in the Black Sea. In the last 200 years, in the Black Sea region 24 tsunamis occurred, of which two were in the territory of Dobruja. The earliest recorded tsunami in Romania dates from 104, when the city of Callatis, current Mangalia, was badly affected.http://www.9am.ro/stiri-revista-presei/Social/18032/Tsunami-de-Marea-Neagra.html Tsunami de Marea Neagră 9AM Antoaneta Etves September 8, 2005 ro Tectonic setting The northernmost part of Bulgaria lies to the north of the main part of the fold and thrust belt that forms the frontal part of the Alpine orogenic belt, known as the Balkan orogen. The foreland to the Alpine belt is known as the Moesian Platform that remained almost undeformed during the three main separate phases of thrust tectonics from the Cretaceous to the Neogene.Burchfiel B.C. Narkov R. 2015 The multiply deformed foreland fold-thrust belt of the Balkan orogen, northern Bulgaria Geosphere 11 2 463–490 10.1130/GES01020.1 2015Geosp..11..463B free The Balkan orogen links to the southeast with the Pontide belt, which runs along the northern coast of Turkey. The Black Sea opened as a back arc basin during the Cretaceous to Paleocene. The basin was then inverted during the last phase of the Alpine orogeny during the Late Eocene to Miocene.Munteanu I. Matenco L. Dinu C. Cloetingh S. 2011 Kinematics of back-arc inversion of the Western Black Sea Basin Tectonics 30 5 10.1029/2011TC002865 2011Tecto..30.5004M Offshore, the main west–east trending structures are cut by several fault zones of SSW-NNE to SW-NE trend. Geophysical investigations close to Shabla have identified a major fault zone of this trend, known as the Kaliakra Fault Zone,Korzhenkov A.M. Ovsyuchenko A.N. Dimitrov O.V. Dimov T. La'rkov A.S. Ranguelov B. Rogozhin E.A. Rodina S.N. 2020 Traces of Strong Eneolithic and Medieval Earthquakes Hitting The Durankulak Archaeological Settlement in Northeastern Bulgaria Journal of Volcanology and Seismology 14 4 262–282 10.1134/S0742046320040028 2020JVolS..14..262K that continues southwards until it links with the north–south trending part of the Balkan-Pontide belt in the southwestern Black Sea.Georgiev G. 2011 Geology and Hydrocarbon Systems in the Western Black Sea Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 21 723–754 10.3906/yer-1102-4 free Seismicity The off-shore region of Southern Dobruja, especially the epicentral area located to the south of Mangalia, including the Bulgarian shelf of the Black Sea, has been affected over the years by earthquakes that, in certain cases, have been very strong, reaching magnitudes of 7–7.5 on the Richter scale. These are also shallow (5 – 30 km) crustal earthquakes, with severe effects in the epicentral areas. Sometimes, in case of earthquakes with underwater focus (as those located to the east of Shabla Cape), tsunami waves were generated, like in 1901. The analysis of historical records has shown that Pontic earthquakes with destructive behaviour, comparable to that in 1901, repeat at mean periods of 300–500 years. One of the earliest occurred in the 1st century BC at Kavarna. Tsunami: The Underrated Hazard Bryant Edward Springer December 12, 2007 978-3540742739 15 https://books.google.com/books?id=tOkpBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 2nd In AD 853, a tsunami at Varna swept 6.5 km inland over flat coastal plain and travelled 30 km up a river."Seismic risk in Romania"August 2019 InternetArchiveBot yes , Bauhaus-University Weimar Earthquake The earthquake had an estimated magnitude of about 7.2 w,Stanciu Ioane D. 2019–2020 Active fault systems in the Shabla Region (Bulgaria) as interpreted on geophysical and seismicity data Rev. Roum. Géophysique 63–64 3–21 with magnitudes of 7.1, 6.5 and 6.4 also being reported.Utsu T. 2004 Catalog of Damaging Earthquakes in the World (Through 2019) https://iisee.kenken.go.jp/utsu/utsuweq_bak_eng.html May 23, 2024 The maximum observed intensity was X (Devastating) on the Medvedev–Sponheuer–Karnik scale at Cape Shabla with much of northeastern Bulgaria reaching at least VII (Very Strong).Ranguelov B. Radichev R. Dimovsky S. Oaie G. Dimitriu R. Diaconescu M. Palazov A. Dimitrov O. Shanov S. Dobrev N. 2011 MARINEGEOHAZARDS Project – Key core elements of theEarly Warning System in the Black Sea Annual of the University of Mining and Geology "St. Ivan Rilski" 54 1 Geology and Geophysics Impact Felt area The shock was felt throughout Bulgaria, southeast Romania, eastern Serbia and northwest Anatolia, causing great panic in Istanbul and on the Asiatic coast of the Bosphorus and the Marmara. Long period effects lasting about a minute were reported from the Danube valley, from Szeged in Hungary, and from Odessa. The shock was perceptible in Thessaloniki in Macedonia, in Dorohoi in Romania, and throughout the province of Sivas.Seismicity of Turkey and neighbouring regions, 1899–1915 Ambraseys N. N. Adams R. D. Annales Geophysicae Paris 1987 701–726 Damage The earthquake had devastating consequences in the coastal area of southern Mangalia, many villages being ruined (maximum intensity of X on the Mercalli intensity scale); likewise, the earthquake generated a 4 – 5 m high tsunami wave and there occurred bank dislocations and other local geomorphological phenomena."Cutremure și tsunami în Constanța", Ziua de Constanța, May 1, 2009 Maximum damage was sustained by a small number of villages situated on the alluvial lowlands along the coast between Balchik, Kavarna, Durankulak and Limanu. Slumping of the coast destroyed many landing-places and coastal settlements including the lighthouse at Kaliakra. Large scale landslides along the coast continued to develop for almost two weeks after the earthquake, disrupting communications and causing additional damage. https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/9778 Significant Earthquake Information National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. 1972 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information 10.7289/V5TD9V7K In Bucharest, the seismic intensity was V–VI degrees on the Mercalli intensity scale, causing panic among the population and light damage to buildings. The Bulgarian province of Dobrich was also severely hit by the tsunami. In several localities, including Balchik, homes were inundated by water.Papadopoulos G.A. Diakogianni G. Fokaefs A. Ranguelov B. 2011 Tsunami hazard in the Black Sea and the Azov Sea: a new tsunami catalogue Natural Hazards and Earth System Science 11 3 945–963 10.5194/nhess-11-945-2011 free 2011NHESS..11..945P In the village of Momchil, a large landslide buried people's homes over an area of about 30 ha. Landslide Science and Practice – Volume 7: Social and Economic Impact and Policies Margottini Claudio Springer 2013 978-3-642-31313-4 188 Canuti Paolo Gassa Kyoji https://books.google.com/books?id=Yea9BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA188 See also List of earthquakes in 1901 List of earthquakes in Bulgaria List of earthquakes in Romania References 43 24 N 28 42 E region:BG_type:event title Category:Earthquakes in Romania Category:1901 earthquakes Category:Earthquakes in Bulgaria Category:1901 in Romania Category:Disasters in the Black Sea Category:1900s tsunamis Category:March 1901 in Europe Category:1901 disasters in Europe Category:1901 in Bulgaria