1863–1875 cholera pandemic

One of several 19th century epidemics Fourth cholera pandemic File:Cholera oysters Washington D.C. 1866.jpg Oyster seller in Washington D.C. claims "CHOLERA PANIC OVER" in October 1866 Ganges Delta of the Bengal region Cholera 1863–1875 The fourth cholera pandemic of the 19th century began in the Ganges Delta of the Bengal region and traveled with Muslim pilgrims to Mecca. In its first year, the epidemic claimed 30,000 of 90,000 pilgrims.Cholera's seven pandemics http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/cholera-s-seven-pandemics-1.758504 23 February 2016 CBC News CBC-Radio Canada May 9, 2008 2 March 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160302113041/http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/cholera-s-seven-pandemics-1.758504 live Cholera spread throughout the Middle East and was carried to the Russian Empire, Europe, Africa, and North America, in each case spreading via travelers from port cities and along inland waterways.Al-Adham Ibrahim S I Jaber Nisrein Ali Agha Ahmed S A Al-Remawi Mayyas Al-Akayleh Faisal Al-Muhtaseb Najah Collier Phillip J Sporadic regional re-emergent cholera: a 19th century problem in the 21st century Journal of Applied Microbiology 135 3 2024-03-01 1365-2672 10.1093/jambio/lxae055 lxae055 38449342 In 1866, there was a localized epidemic in the East End of London, primarily because the local section of the London sewerage system was still under construction and this region of London was experiencing overcrowding. The 1870s North American cholera outbreak spread from New Orleans via passengers along the Mississippi River and to ports on its tributaries. Cholera outbreaks associated with the Austro-Prussian War The pandemic reached Northern Africa in 1865 and spread to sub-Saharan Africa, killing 70,000 in Zanzibar in 1869–70.Joseph Patrick Byrne Encyclopedia of Pestilence, Pandemics, and Plagues: A–M https://www.academia.dk/MedHist/Sygdomme/PDF/Encyclopedia_of_Pestilence_Pandemics_and_Plagues.pdf ABC-CLIO 2008 107 978-0313341021 2024-07-01 2020-02-15 https://web.archive.org/web/20200215143932/https://www.academia.dk/MedHist/Sygdomme/PDF/Encyclopedia_of_Pestilence_Pandemics_and_Plagues.pdf live Cholera claimed 90,000 lives in Russia in 1866.Eastern European Plagues and Epidemics 1300–1918 https://kehilalinks.jewishgen.org:443/Myadel/pandemics.htm 23 February 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20061023212828/http://www.shtetlinks.jewishgen.org/Myadel/Pandemics.htm 23 October 2006 live The epidemic of cholera that spread with the Austro-Prussian War (1866) is estimated to have taken 165,000 lives in the Austrian Empire (including 30,000 in Hungary), 30,000 in Belgium, and 20,000 in the Netherlands.Smallman-Raynor Matthew R. Cliff Andrew D. Impact of infectious diseases on war Infectious Disease Clinics of North America June 2004 18 2 341–368 10.1016/j.idc.2004.01.009 15145384 Localized epidemic in the East End of London In June 1866, a localized epidemic in the East End of London claimed 5,596 lives, just as the city was completing construction of its major sewerage and water-treatment systems; the East End section was not quite complete.Johnson Steven Steven Johnson (author) The Ghost Map : The Story of London's Most Terrifying Epidemic – and How It Changed Science, Cities, and the Modern World 2006 Riverhead Books New York 978-1594489259 registration https://archive.org/details/ghostmapstoryofl00john It was also caused by the city's overcrowding in the East End, which facilitated the spread of the disease there. Epidemiologist William Farr identified the East London Water Company as the source of the contamination. Farr made use of prior work by John Snow and others, pointing to contaminated drinking water as the likely cause of cholera in an 1854 outbreak. In the same year, the use of contaminated canal water in local water works caused a minor outbreak at Ystalyfera in South Wales. Workers associated with the company, and their families, were most affected, and 119 died.Ian Petticrew PUBLIC HEALTH COMES TO TRING. TRING 1901-11-11 https://tringlocalhistorymuseum.org.uk/morehistory/Public_health/index.htm 2024-06-26 2024-06-26 https://web.archive.org/web/20240626025225/https://tringlocalhistorymuseum.org.uk/morehistory/Public_health/index.htm live New York City outbreak and creation of the New York Metropolitan Board of Health The deaths of more than 1,100 people in New York City in 1866 resulted in the establishment of the New York Metropolitan Board of Health.New York City (NYC) Cholera Outbreak of 1866 https://www.baruch.cuny.edu/nycdata/disasters/cholera-1866.html 2023-06-27 www.baruch.cuny.edu 2023-06-27 https://web.archive.org/web/20230627182333/https://www.baruch.cuny.edu/nycdata/disasters/cholera-1866.html live 1870s North American outbreak spreading from New Orleans In 1867, Italy lost 113,000 to cholera, and 80,000 died of the disease in Algeria. Outbreaks in North America in the 1870s killed some 50,000 Americans as cholera spread from New Orleans via passengers along the Mississippi River and to ports on its tributaries.Beardsley GW http://www.earlyamerica.com/review/2000_fall/1832_cholera_part2.html The 1832 Cholera Epidemic in New York State: 19th Century Responses to Cholerae Vibrio (part 2) The Early America Review 3 2000 2010-02-01 2 2015-05-18 https://web.archive.org/web/20150518003717/http://www.earlyamerica.com/review/2000_fall/1832_cholera_part2.html dead See also Cholera outbreaks and pandemics References External links Book on Pandemics collapsed Category:Cholera pandemics Category:1860s epidemics Category:1870s epidemics Category:Epidemics in India Category:19th-century disasters in India Category:19th-century disease outbreaks Category:1870s in health Category:Incidents during the Hajj Category:1860s in Italy Category:1860s in Algeria Category:1860s in Zanzibar Category:1860s in Hungary Category:1860s in Belgium Category:1860s in the Netherlands Category:1860s in Austria-Hungary Category:1860s disasters in the United States Category:1870s disasters in the United States Category:1860s in London Category:Austro-Prussian War Category:East End of London Category:19th century in New Orleans Category:Cholera outbreaks in the United States