1838 in science

none 1838 science 1838 The year 1838 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Astronomy Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel makes the first accurate measurement of distance to a star, 61 Cygni, using parallax. Thomas Henderson (Alpha Centauri) and Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Struve (Vega) announce their measurements using parallax shortly afterwards. Claude Servais Mathias Pouillet makes the first quantitative measurements of the heat emitted by the Sun. Peter Andreas Hansen publishes a revision of the lunar theory, Fundamenta nova investigationis orbitae verae quam luna perlustrat. Biology May 9 – Royal Agricultural Society of England established. Proteins discovered by Gerardus Johannes MulderG. J. Mulder Natuur- en Scheikundig Archief 6 Over Proteine en hare Verbindingen en Ontledingsproducten 1838 87–162 and named by Jöns Jakob Berzelius.The Origin of the Word Protein Hubert Bradford Vickery Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine 387–93 22 1950 2598953 15413335 5 Matthias Schleiden discovers that all living plant tissue is composed of cells. Andrew Smith begins publication of Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa. Chemistry Bulat steel alloy developed by Pavel Petrovich Anosov. Electrotyping is invented by Moritz von Jacobi in Russia.Heinrich Herbert The Discovery of Galvanoplasty and Electrotyping Journal of Chemical Education 565–575 http://www.jce.divched.org/journal/issues/1938/Dec/jceSubscriber/JCE1938p0565.pdf 2012-06-21 December 1938 10.1021/ed015p565 15 12 1938JChEd..15..565H June 2017 InternetArchiveBot yes Exploration August 18 – The United States Exploring Expedition under U.S. Navy Lieutenant Charles Wilkes sets sail for a four-year circumnavigation westabout. In Australia, Charles Sturt proves that the Hume and Murray are the same river. Mathematics Augustus De Morgan introduces the term 'mathematical induction'.Tony Crilly 50 Mathematical Ideas you really need to know London Quercus 2007 978-1-84724-008-8 69 S. D. Poisson publishes Recherches sur la probabilité des jugements en matière criminelle et en matière civile, containing his work on probability theory and introducing Poisson distribution. Medicine Jean Esquirol publishes Des maladies mentales considerées sous le rapport médicale, hygiènique et médico-legal in Paris. This includes the first description of what will later become known as Down syndrome.Down's syndrome http://www.whonamedit.com/synd.cfm/322.html Whonamedit? 2011-04-13 John Gorrie experiments with cooling the hospital wards of malarial patients in Apalachicola, Florida.James Burke (science historian) James Burke Connections London Macmillan 1978 978-0-333-24827-0 239 Technology January 6/11 – Samuel Morse first publicly demonstrates the electrical telegraph, at Morristown, New Jersey. April 4–22 – The paddle steamer SS Sirius (1837) makes the Transatlantic Crossing to New York from Cork, Ireland, in eighteen days, though not using steam continuously.Steamship Curaçao http://www.vrcurassow.com/2dvrc/sscuracao/sscuracao.html 2011-02-02 https://web.archive.org/web/20101224202256/http://vrcurassow.com/2dvrc/sscuracao/sscuracao.html 24 December 2010 live April 8–23 – Isambard Kingdom Brunel's paddle steamer Great Western (1838) makes the Transatlantic Crossing to New York from Avonmouth, England, in fifteen days, inaugurating a regular steamship service.http://www.icons.org.uk/theicons/icons-timeline/1820-1840 Icons, a portrait of England 1820-1840 2007-09-12 https://web.archive.org/web/20070922055840/http://www.icons.org.uk/theicons/icons-timeline/1820-1840 22 September 2007 dead Liverpool-built barque Ironsides becomes the first large ocean-going iron ship.John Grantham On Iron Ship Building London Lockwood 2nd 1859 13–14 William Barnett obtains a United Kingdom patent for an internal combustion engine, the first with compression of the gas/air mixture in the cylinder.Patent No. 7615, Obtaining motive power from inflammable gases by compression and explosion.Dugald Clerk Dugald Clerk Gas and Oil Engines https://archive.org/details/gasoilenginecler00clerrich London Longman Green & Co 1897 David Bruce, Jr., invents the Pivotal Typecaster, which replaces hand typecasting in printing. Boris Semyonovich Yakobi invents electrotyping, which is used in printing and reproduction of art objects.Heinrich Herbert The Discovery of Galvanoplasty and Electrotyping Journal of Chemical Education December 1938 566–575 15 12 The first screw-pile lighthouse is built by Alexander Mitchell on Maplin Sands in the Thames Estuary. Charles Wheatstone originates the stereoscope. Events A statue of English chemist and physicist John Dalton (in marble by Sir Francis Chantrey) is erected in Manchester during the scientist's lifetime. Awards Copley Medal: Carl Friedrich Gauss; Michael FaradayCopley Medal British scientific award https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal Encyclopedia Britannica 22 July 2020 en Wollaston Medal: Richard Owen Births January 5 – Camille Jordan (died 1922), French mathematician. January 29 – Edward W. Morley (died 1923), American chemist. February 18 – Ernst Mach (died 1916), Austrian physicist. March 3 – George William Hill (died 1914), American astronomer. March 12 – William H. Perkin (died 1907), English chemist. March 15 – Alice Cunningham Fletcher (died 1923), Cuban-born American ethnologist, anthropologist and social scientist. April 8 – Ferdinand von Zeppelin (died 1917), German founder of the Zeppelin airship company. April 16 – Ernest Solvay (died 1922), Belgian chemist. April 18 – Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran (died 1912), French chemist. April 21 – John Muir (died 1914), Scottish-born American naturalist. May 6 – Alexandra Smirnoff (died 1913), Finnish pomologist. June 4 – John Grigg (died 1920), New Zealand astronomer. July 19 – Joel Asaph Allen (died 1921), American zoologist. August 6 – George James Symons (died 1900), English meteorologist. December 12 – Sherburne Wesley Burnham (died 1921), American astronomer. Deaths March 16 – Nathaniel Bowditch (born 1773), American mathematician. April 6 – José Bonifácio de Andrada (born 1763), Brazilian statesman and mineralogist. May 11 – Thomas Andrew Knight (born 1759), English horticulturalist. July 5 – Jean Marc Gaspard Itard (born 1774), French otorhinolaryngologist. August 21 – Adelbert von Chamisso (born 1781), German botanist. September 1 – William Clark (born 1770), American explorer. September 27 – Bernard Courtois (born 1777), French chemist. October 1 – Charles Tennant (born 1768), Scottish chemist and industrialist. References Category:19th century in science Category:1830s in science