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2008 Western Australian state election
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Australian state election
November 2020
September 2011
2008 Western Australian state election Western Australia parliamentary no First preference 2005 Western Australian state election 2005 2013 Western Australian state election 2013 All 59 seats in the Western Australian Legislative Assemblyand all 36 seats in the Western Australian Legislative Council30 Assembly seats were needed for a majority yes 2008 09 06 Members of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly, 2005–2008 Members of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly, 2008–2013 150x150px Alan Carpenter yes 2006 01 25 Australian Labor Party (Western Australian Branch) Willagee 390,339 35.84% 6.05 32 seats 28 4 150x150px Colin Barnett yes 2008 08 06 Liberal Party of Australia (Western Australian Division) Cottesloe 418,208 38.39% 2.76 18 seats 24 6 150x150px Brendon Grylls yes 2005 06 21 National Party of Australia (WA) Central Wheatbelt 53,086 4.87% 1.18 5 seats 4 1 2008 Western Australian election - Vote Strength.svg 400px The map on the left shows the first party preference by electorate. The map on the right shows the final two-party preferred vote result by electorate. TPP TPP swing 48.15% 4.13 51.85% 4.13 Premier Resulting Premier Alan Carpenter Australian Labor Party (Western Australian Branch) Colin Barnett Liberal Party of Australia (Western Australian Division)
The 2008 Western Australian state election was held on Saturday 6 September 2008 to elect 59 members to the Legislative Assembly and 36 members to the Legislative Council. The incumbent centre-left Labor Party government, in power since the 2001 election and led since 25 January 2006 by Premier Alan Carpenter, was defeated by the centre-right Liberal Party opposition, led by Opposition Leader Colin Barnett since 6 August 2008.
The election resulted in a hung parliament with no party gaining a majority. Labor was two seats short of a majority in the expanded legislature. Ultimately, the Liberals were able to form a coalition government with the WA Nationals, supported by three independents. While both parties agreed to National demands that at least 25 percent of mining proceeds go to regional projects, the Nationals ultimately went with the Liberals. According to Nationals leader Brendon Grylls, a Labor-National coalition would have required Green support to get mining legislation passed in the Legislative Council. The coalition agreement gave National Party ministers "the right to exempt [themselves] from Cabinet and vote against an issue on the floor of the Parliament if it's against the wishes of the people [they] represent".http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/09/14/2364004.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20080916070640/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/09/14/2364004.htm dead 16 September 2008 Nationals hand WA election win to the Liberals ABC Online 14 September 2008 14 September 2008 Australian Broadcasting CorporationThis was an explicit rejection of the collective cabinet responsibility under former non-Labor coalition agreements, which made the Nationals virtual co-owners of Liberal policies.
The election was the first to be held since a major electoral redistribution was implemented in 2007. This redistribution involved significant changes to the geographic distribution of parliamentary seats and regions in Western Australia, and brought the state into line with the rest of Australia in adopting one vote one value for the lower house. The principle calls for all electoral divisions to have the same number of enrolled voters (not residents or population), within a specified percentage of variance.
The election was called earlier than expected by Alan Carpenter, who requested the Governor to dissolve parliament on 7 August 2008.http://news.theage.com.au/national/wa-voters-go-to-polls-on-september-6-20080807-3ric.html WA voters go to polls on September 6 The Age Australia 7 August 2008 7 August 2008
Results
Legislative Assembly
Results of the Western Australian state election, 2008 (Legislative Assembly)
thumb|Winning party by electorate.
Western Australian state election, 6 September 2008http://elections.uwa.edu.au/elecdetail.lasso?keyvalue=1356 Parliament of Western Australia, Assembly election University of Western Australiahttp://www.abc.net.au/elections/archive/wa/WA2008_Results.pdf#page=28 2008 Western Australian State Election - Analysis of Results Western Australian Parliamentary Library Antony Green March 2009 24 April 2013 Antony Green Legislative Assembly Western Australian state election 2005 2013 1,330,399 1,150,497 86.48% –3.36% 61,200 5.32% +0.08%
yes
Liberal WA
418,208
38.39
+2.76
24
+ 6
Labor WA
390,339
35.84
–6.05
28
– 4
Greens WA
129,827
11.92
+4.35
0
± 0
WA Nationals
53,086
4.87
+1.18
4
– 1
Christian Democrats
28,079
2.58
–0.36
0
± 0
Family First
21,204
1.95
–0.08
0
± 0
CEC
1,161
0.11
+0.02
0
± 0
Independent
Independent
47,353
4.35
+0.19
3
+ 1
1,089,257
59
Liberal WA
Liberal/National
564,490
51.85%
+4.13%
Labor WA
524,149
48.15%
–4.13%
|}
Legislative Council
Results of the Western Australian state election, 2008 (Legislative Council)
Western Australian state election, 6 September 2008 Legislative Council 1,330,399 1,151,482 86.55% –3.45% 32,643 2.83% –0.35%
Liberal WA
443,064
39.60
+2.48
16
+ 1
Labor WA
404,389
36.14
–7.21
11
– 5
Greens WA
123,942
11.08
+3.56
4
+ 2
WA Nationals
59,505
5.32
+3.13
5
+ 4
Family First
28,149
2.52
+0.51
0
± 0
Christian Democrats
25,962
2.32
+0.04
0
± 0
One Nation
7,012
0.63
–0.96
0
± 0
Daylight Saving Party
6,806
0.61
New
0
± 0
CEC
2,975
0.27
+0.21
0
± 0
New Country Party
555
0.05
–0.26
0
± 0
Independent
Independent
16,480
1.47
-2.11
0
± 0
1,118,839
36
|}
Summary of results
Popular vote #ddd 300px Liberal blue 38.39
Labor red 35.84
Greens green 11.92
National blue 4.87
Others purple 8.98% of the seats won #ddd 300px Liberal/National blue 47.46
Labor red 47.46
Others purple 5.08
Seats changing hands
Seat Pre-2008 Swing Post-2008 Party Member Margin Margin Member Party Albany Liberal notional 2.3 2.5 0.2 Peter Watson Labor Bunbury Labor notional 0.9 12.6 11.7 John Castrilli Liberal Darling Range Labor notional 0.8 6.3 5.6 Tony Simpson Liberal Jandakot Labor notional – new seat 3.6 5.5 1.8 Joe Francis Liberal Kalgoorlie Liberal Matt Birney 9.6* 53.6 3.6** John Bowler Independent Kingsley Labor Judy Hughes 0.1 4.6 4.5 Andrea Mitchell Liberal Moore Liberal Gary Snook 2.8 5.9 3.1 Grant Woodhams National Morley Labor notional – new seat 9.9 10.8 0.9 Ian Britza Liberal Mount Lawley Labor notional – new seat 5.9 8.1 2.2 Michael Sutherland Liberal Ocean Reef Labor notional – new seat 1.6 6.0 4.4 Albert Jacob Liberal Riverton Labor Tony McRae 2.1 2.2 0.2 Mike Nahan Liberal Southern River Labor Paul Andrews 5.1 6.8 1.6 Peter Abetz Liberal Swan Hills Labor Jaye Radisich 3.6 7.1 3.5 Frank Alban Liberal Wanneroo Labor Dianne Guise 6.1 6.9 0.7 Paul Miles Liberal
Members listed in italics did not contest their seat at this election.
* Kalgoorlie's first margin figure is Liberal vs. Labor
** Kalgoorlie's second margin figure is Independent vs. National
Post-election pendulum
Liberal/National seats MarginalRivertonMike NahanLIB0.2WannerooPaul MilesLIB0.7MorleyIan BritzaLIB 0.9Southern RiverPeter AbetzLIB 1.6JandakotJoe FrancisLIB 1.8Mount LawleyMichael SutherlandLIB 2.2NedlandsBill MarmionLIB 2.5 v INDMooreGrant WoodhamsNAT 3.1 v LIBSwan HillsFrank AlbanLIB 3.5EyreGraham JacobsLIB 3.6 v NATOcean ReefAlbert JacobLIB 4.4KingsleyAndrea MitchellLIB 4.5ScarboroughLiza HarveyLIB 5.2Darling RangeTony SimpsonLIB 5.6Fairly safeKalamundaJohn DayLIB6.3Murray-WellingtonMurray CowperLIB8.4GeraldtonIan BlayneyLIB8.5SafeDawesvilleKim HamesLIB11.1BatemanChristian PorterLIB11.4HillarysRob JohnsonLIB11.4BunburyJohn CastrilliLIB11.7VasseTroy BuswellLIB13.5South PerthJohn McGrathLIB14.3CarineTony KrsticevicLIB14.5Blackwood-StirlingTerry RedmanNAT17.3 v LIBCentral WheatbeltBrendon GryllsNAT17.9 v LIBCottesloeColin BarnettLIB19.4Very safeWaginTerry WaldronNAT27.1 v LIBIndependent seatsAlfred CoveJanet WoollardIND LIB1.0 v LIBKalgoorlieJohn BowlerIND3.6 v NATChurchlandsLiz ConstableIND23.5 v ALP
Labor seatsMarginalAlbanyPeter WatsonALP0.2ForrestfieldAndrew WaddellALP0.2KwinanaRoger CookALP0.8 v INDCollie-PrestonMick MurrayALP1.0BalcattaJohn KobelkeALP2.3North WestVince CataniaALP3.1JoondalupTony O'GormanALP3.5PilbaraTom StephensALP3.6West SwanRita SaffiotiALP4.4GosnellsChris TallentireALP5.5Fairly safeBelmontEric RipperALP6.7KimberleyCarol MartinALP6.8PerthJohn HydeALP7.8MidlandMichelle RobertsALP8.3MindarieJohn QuigleyALP8.5CanningtonBill JohnstonALP9.0MaylandsLisa BakerALP9.0Victoria ParkBen WyattALP9.0CockburnFran LoganALP9.6WarnbroPaul PapaliaALP9.7SafeBassendeanMartin WhitelyALP10.3MandurahDavid TemplemanALP10.5RockinghamMark McGowanALP10.6GirrawheenMargaret QuirkALP11.5FremantleJim McGintyALP12.0NollamaraJanine FreemanALP12.7WillageeAlan CarpenterALP14.6ArmadaleAlannah MacTiernanALP14.9
Background
Electoral changes
The 2008 election takes place with entirely new boundaries determined in a redistribution finalised on 29 October 2007 by the Western Australian Electoral Commission. Prior to the redistribution, the Electoral Act 1907, which governs elections in the state, specified that the metropolitan region which includes Perth and its suburbs, was to be divided into 34 Assembly districts or 60% of the seats, while the rest of the state was to be divided into 23 or 40% of the seats. However, at the 2006 census, taken on 8 August 2006, 73.76% of Western Australians lived in the metropolitan region.505 Perth (Statistical Division) 15 January 2008 on* 5 Western Australia 15 January 2008 on This meant that each member of the Legislative Assembly, as at 30 September 2007, was representing either 28,519 metropolitan voters or 14,551 country voters.http://www.waec.wa.gov.au/download/September%20enrolment%20statistics%202.pdf September enrolment statistics Western Australian Electoral Commission 30 September 2007 15 January 2008 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20080722024823/http://www.waec.wa.gov.au/download/September%20enrolment%20statistics%202.pdf 22 July 2008
One vote one value had long been sought by the Labor Party, that party claiming to be disadvantaged by the familiar reality that country constituencies have tended to elect non-Labor members. The Burke Labor government (1983–1988), with the conditional support of the National Party, managed to achieve limited reform—through the Acts Amendment (Electoral Reform) Act 1987—in increasing the metropolitan quota from 29 to 34, redesigning the Legislative Council (or Upper House) into a Senate-style body with six uneven multi-member seats filled by a system of STV proportional representation, and creating a permanent, funded Electoral Commission as a body fully independent from Parliament and the executive. Black David December 1987 Australian Political Chronicle: January–June 1987 Australian Journal of Politics and History 33 3 300–301 0004-9522 See also Rumley Dennis The evaluation of electoral redistributions: the case of Western Australia April 1985 Australian Geographical Studies 23 1 105–114 10.1111/j.1467-8470.1985.tb00481.x Between Burke's retirement from politics in 1988 and Labor's election loss five years later, the government faced a hostile upper house, considerable distractions by way of the WA Inc royal commission and, after 1991, was a minority government unable to achieve further electoral reform.
Following Labor's win at the 2001 election, the new premier Geoff Gallop and attorney-general Jim McGinty were committed to implementing 'one vote, one value'. By this time, all other states and territories had eliminated electoral malapportionment.Green Antony Antony Green http://www.abc.net.au/elections/wa/2005/guide/electoralsystem.htm WA: A Peculiar Electoral System Australian Broadcasting Corporation 17 November 2004 7 August 2008 (description of the zonal electoral system prior to the enactment of the 'Electoral Amendment and Repeal Act 2005') Unlike their predecessors, they could count on the support of half of the upper-house members for passage of the electoral legislation but, as the proposed legislation involved constitutional change, an absolute majority of the members was necessary. The Government went to the High Court in 2003 to determine whether the Legislative Council president's casting vote could be used to obtain the majority, but the High Court answered that it could not.http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2003/11/13/988109.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20080920053545/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2003/11/13/988109.htm dead 20 September 2008 High Court dismisses WA vote appeal 13 November 2003 ABC Online 13 November 2003 Change occurred, however, when the Liberal Party, which staunchly opposed the reform, failed to preselect one of their North Metropolitan MLCs, Alan Cadby, in a bid to get Peter Collier into the Legislative Council at the 2005 election.Parliament of Western Australia Parliament of Western Australia Western Australian Legislative Assembly 2 June 2004 http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/hansard/hans35.nsf/(ATT)/213CB4EB1ED8EDC148256EA90034D910/$file/C36+S2+20040602+p3288b-3289a.pdf 3288 3289 Phillips Harry Kerr, Liz December 2004 Australian Political Chronicle: January–June 2004 Australian Journal of Politics and History 50 4 614 0004-9522 Cadby resigned from the Liberal Party and completed his term as an Independent, consenting to Labor's electoral legislation with some amendments. On 20 May 2005, just before newly elected upper-house members were to take their places, the Electoral Amendment and Repeal Act 2005 (No.1 of 2005) passed.Cadby: I'll back vote reform Mason Graham The West Australian 30 April 2005 4
The passage of the Electoral Reform (Electoral Funding) Act 2006 into law on 26 October 2006 means that, for the first time, candidates, parties and Legislative Council groups will be able to receive public funding based on their performance in terms of votes at the election as well as a refund of their nomination deposit if they receive over 4% of the primary vote, as is the case in several other states and in federal elections. The rate for the 2008 election has been set at $1.56888 per vote.http://www.waec.wa.gov.au/pp_candidate/financial_disclosure/electoral_funding.php Electoral Funding Western Australian Electoral Commission 7 August 2008 20 August 2008 https://web.archive.org/web/20080902232039/http://www.waec.wa.gov.au/pp_candidate/financial_disclosure/electoral_funding.php 2 September 2008 dead The legislation, which was Attorney-General Jim McGinty's second attempt to introduce the measure, was explicitly based on the 1992 reforms of Queensland's Electoral Act and was intended to improve accountability and increase candidates' immunity, or perceived immunity, from outside influences.Parliament of Western Australia Parliament of Western Australia Western Australian Legislative Assembly 23 August 2006 http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/hansard/hans35.nsf/(ATT)/870D4BD1FCE666A6482571DF001027AD/$file/A37+S1+20060823+p5079c-5083a.pdf 5079 5083 Prior to the 2008 election, candidates could receive a refund of their nomination deposit only if they achieved 10% of the total primary vote. Earlier similar legislation had failed in November 2003, despite an in-principle agreement with then opposition leader Colin Barnett, owing to Liberal backbench opposition and a campaign against the proposal by the West Australian newspaper, which termed the measure as a 'poll tax'.Public funding of parties really not that frightening Hickman Belinda 6 5 November 2003 The AustralianPoll tax dumped but Liberals keep Barnett Pennells Steve The West Australian 11 November 2003
The electoral system
The Western Australian Legislative Assembly has a total of 59 seats, up from 57 in the last parliament. The last increase in seats, from 55 to 57, occurred before the 1983 election. Since the enactment of the Electoral Act 1907, each seat is filled by a single member selected using instant-runoff preferential voting. In order for a valid vote to be cast, voters must number all candidates on the ballot paper in the order of their preference as with Australian House of Representatives elections. At the election, 42 of the seats are located in the metropolitan area, 12 in the Agricultural and South West regions, and 5 in the Mining and Pastoral region in the north and east of the state. Seats in the Mining and Pastoral region are permitted to be under quota on account of their significant geographical size, but all other seats have a quota of 21,350 voters with a maximum variance of 10%.
The Western Australian Legislative Council, sometimes referred to as the 'upper house', consists of 36 members, with 6 elected from each of 6 multi-member regions (also known as constituencies).http://www.boundarieswa.com/2007/Final-Boundaries/ Final Boundaries Western Australian Electoral Commission 11 June 2008 14 September 2008 The system used for voting is known as Single transferable vote, which is a variant of the proportional representation system. The ballot paper (voting form), traditionally printed on pink coloured paper, is divided into two sections. The voter casts a vote in either one of two ways – by writing the numeral "1" on the left hand side corresponding to the party of choice, or by numbering all candidates on the right hand side of the form according to his/her preference. If the voter chooses the first method, the vote is then counted according to the publicly known preference listing for the party chosen by the voter.http://www.waec.wa.gov.au/voting/state_elections/marking_ballot_papers_correctly.php#Markballot_LC Marking Ballot Papers Correctly Western Australian Electoral Commission 28 August 2008 14 September 2008 https://web.archive.org/web/20080915090928/http://www.waec.wa.gov.au/voting/state_elections/marking_ballot_papers_correctly.php#Markballot_LC 15 September 2008 dead The same voting system is used for electing members to the Australian Senate.
Members of the Legislative Council, unlike those in the Legislative Assembly, hold their seats for a fixed term of four years. They take their seats in the house on 22 May following the date of their election. The Legislative Council is not dissolved prior to the end of each four-year term, even if a general election is held several months prior to the end of the term.http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/web/newwebparl.nsf/iframewebpages/Legislative+Council Legislative Council Parliament of Western Australia 2008 14 September 2008 https://web.archive.org/web/20080718180103/http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/web/newwebparl.nsf/iframewebpages/Legislative+Council 18 July 2008 dead For this reason, members elected to the Legislative Council in the 2008 election did not take their seats until May 2009.
Counting the votes
More than 100,000 electors (7.5% of the electorate) cast their votes prior to election day, either by post or in person.http://www.waec.wa.gov.au/elections/state_elections/election_results/2008_State_General_Election/media_centre/documents/Media%20Release14%2008%20Postal3.pdf Media Release: Postal voting hits unprecedented levels WAEC 1 September 2008 14 September 2008 https://web.archive.org/web/20080910204920/http://www.waec.wa.gov.au/elections/state_elections/election_results/2008_State_General_Election/media_centre/documents/Media%20Release14%2008%20Postal3.pdf 10 September 2008 dead Checking the eligibility of these votes commences 3 days prior to election day at the Count Centre in Fremantle. After the close of polls at 6:00 pm, ballot boxes are emptied and a provisional count of ordinary votes is conducted at each of the 800 polling places.http://www.waec.wa.gov.au/elections/state_elections/election_results/2008_State_General_Election/media_centre/documents/Media%20Release13%2008%20Ready.pdf Media Release: All in readiness for single largest organised event in Western Australia this year WAEC 1 September 2008 14 September 2008 https://web.archive.org/web/20080910204917/http://www.waec.wa.gov.au/elections/state_elections/election_results/2008_State_General_Election/media_centre/documents/Media%20Release13%2008%20Ready.pdf 10 September 2008 dead Preliminary results are telephoned to District and Regional Returning Officers, who forward aggregated results to the Tally Room at ABC's East Perth studios.
Election night results are provisional for several reasons. Firstly, there is insufficient time to conduct a full distribution of voter preferences in those Legislative Assembly seats that require it. The official count for all Assembly districts does not commence till after the closing date for postal votes which is the Thursday following the election.http://www.waec.wa.gov.au/pp_candidate/documents/CandidatesGuideLA.pdf A Guide for Candidates – Legislative Assembly WAEC 8 August 2008 14 September 2008 https://web.archive.org/web/20080911130359/http://www.waec.wa.gov.au/pp_candidate/documents/CandidatesGuideLA.pdf 11 September 2008 dead Secondly, only ticket votes and first-preference votes for candidates on non-ticket ballots for the Legislative Council are counted on election night, providing only a notional distribution for each region.http://www.waec.wa.gov.au/pp_candidate/documents/CandidatesGuideLC.pdf A Guide for Candidates – Legislative Council WAEC 8 August 2008 14 September 2008 19–20 https://web.archive.org/web/20080910204908/http://www.waec.wa.gov.au/pp_candidate/documents/CandidatesGuideLC.pdf 10 September 2008 dead The high proportion of early votes cast in this election along with the large number of absentee votes cast on election day (caused by elector confusion arising from the recent changes to electoral boundaries) was expected to delay the determination of final results, particularly in closely fought seats.
Legislative Council ballot papers and all declaration (absentee and provisional) votes cast on election day are delivered to the Count Centre on Sunday where the official count of these votes continues for 7–10 days. Ticket votes are sorted (ticket/non-ticket/informal) then manually counted, while preferences on non-ticket ballots are entered into a computer database under the scrutiny of party officials. The ticket vote results are added to the full preference results and the final result determined. Finally, all Legislative Assembly votes are officially counted by each District Returning Officer who then declares (announces) the successful candidate for the particular district.http://www.waec.wa.gov.au/elections/documents/state/2005%20State%20General%20Election%20Report.pdf 2005 State General Election – Election Report WAEC February 2006 14 September 2008 22 https://web.archive.org/web/20080910204924/http://www.waec.wa.gov.au/elections/documents/state/2005%20State%20General%20Election%20Report.pdf 10 September 2008 dead
Key dates
Issue of writ: 6 pm, 7 August
Nominations open: 8 August
Close of nominations: 12 noon, 15 August
Close of rolls: 6 pm, 15 August
Postal voting commences: 18 August
Pre-poll voting commences: 19 August
Polling day: 6 September
Return of writ: On or before 4 November
Candidates
a list of competing candidates and parties Candidates of the 2008 Western Australian state election
Polling
Newspoll polling was conducted via random telephone number selection in city and country areas. Sampling sizes normally consist of around 800–900 electors, with the 10 – 14 August poll consisting of 1088 electors, and the 2 – 4 September poll consisting of 1802 electors. The margin of error was around ±3.5 percent, while the 2 – 4 September poll had a declared margin of error of ±2.3 percent.
+ Better Premier ratings Date LaborCarpenter LiberalBarnett Uncommitted2008 election–––2 – 4 Sep 200848%35%17%10 – 14 Aug 200849%31%20%Apr – Jun 200864%14%122%Jan – Mar 200861%12%127%Oct – Dec 200763%13%224%Jul – Sep 200759%14%227%Apr – Jun 200759%14%227%Jan – Mar 200763%14%223%Oct – Dec 200654%17%229%Jul – Sep 200652%15%233%Apr – Jun 200658%12%230%Jan – Mar 200656%14%430%Oct – Dec 200551%325%424%2005 election–––23 – 24 Feb 200558%327%515%Polling conducted by Newspoll and published in The Australian.1 Buswell, 2 Omodei, 3 Gallop, 4 Birney, 5 Barnett
+Legislative Assembly opinion pollingPrimary vote2PP voteDateALPLibNatGrnOthALPLib/Nat2008 election35.8%38.4%4.9%11.9%9.0%48.1%51.9%2 – 4 Sep 200835%37%6%12%10%50%50%10 – 14 Aug 200842%37%5%10%6%51%49%Apr – Jun 200841%31%4%16%8%54%46%Jan – Mar 200842%35%3%12%8%53%47%Oct – Dec 200740%41%4%8%7%49%51%Jul – Sep 200744%38%5%6%7%51%49%Apr – Jun 200744%35%3%8%10%54%46%Jan – Mar 200739%35%4%10%12%51%49%Oct – Dec 200638%40%2%7%13%49%51%Jul – Sep 200642%37%3%6%12%52%48%Apr – Jun 200642%37%3%4%14%52%48%Jan – Mar 200642%35%4%8%11%53%47%Oct – Dec 200537%39%4%5%15%48%52%2005 election41.9%35.6%3.7%7.6%11.2%52.3%47.7%23 – 24 Feb 200545%36.5%3%7%8.5%54%46%Polling conducted by Newspoll and published in The Australian.
References
30em
External links
Western Australian Electoral Commission
Main site – 2008 WA election – ABC Elections
Pendulum – 2008 WA election – ABC Elections
2007 redistribution – 2008 WA election – ABC Elections
Category:Elections in Western Australia
Western Australia
Category:2000s in Western Australia
Category:September 2008 in Australia