1660 destruction of Tiberias

Destruction of a Jewish community by Lebanese Druze The 1660 destruction of Tiberias Schwarz Joseph Joseph Schwarz (geographer) A Descriptive Geography and Brief Historical Sketch of Palestine Carey & Hart Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1850 409 Isaac Leeser Sultan Seliman surrounded it with a wall in 5300 (1540), and it commenced to revive a little, and to be inhabited by the most distinguished Jewish literati; but it was destroyed again in 5420 (1660). https://books.google.com/books?id=-CUAAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA409 5 April 2025 2018-07-20 https://web.archive.org/web/20180720195032/http://www.jewish-history.com/palestine/tiberias.html dead Also at occurred during the Druze power struggle in the Galilee, in the same year as the destruction of Safed. The destruction of Tiberias by the Druze resulted in abandonment of the city by its Jewish community, Rappel Joel Joel Rappel History of Eretz Israel from Prehistory up to 1882 he 2 1980 531 Israel Ministry of Defense Publishing House Tel Aviv In 1662 Sabbathai Sevi arrived to Jerusalem. It was the time when the Jewish settlements of Galilee were destroyed by the Druze: Tiberias was completely desolate and only a few of former Safed residents had returned... https://books.google.com/books?id=qHUBAAAAMAAJ Barnai Jacob The Jews in Palestine in the eighteenth century: under the patronage of the Istanbul Committee of Officials for Palestine 1992 149 University of Alabama Press Judaic studies 0817305726 https://books.google.com/books?id=GdEDefYc4u0C&pg=PA149 5 April 2025 until it was rebuilt by Zahir al-Umar in early 18th century. Altshuler however attributes the destruction of Tiberias in 1660 to an earthquake. Altshuler Mor Mor Altshuler The Messianic secret of Hasidism BRILL Brill's Series in Jewish Studies, Vol. 39 2006 162 Redemption begins in the Galilee (part 1, ch. 8) 9047410831 https://books.google.com/books?id=vghZEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA162 5 April 2025 2018-03-14 https://web.archive.org/web/20180314043554/http://www.jewish-studies.info/10.htm dead Online Hebrew text of original 2002 U. of Haifa/Zmora-Bitan Press edition, Ch. 8, available &. The destruction could have also been a combination of both events. Background As the Ottoman Empire expanded along the southern Mediterranean coast under sultan Selim I, the Catholic Monarchs began establishing Inquisition commissions. Many Conversos, (Marranos and Moriscos) and Sephardic Jews fled to the Ottoman provinces, settling at first in Constantinople, Salonika, Sarajevo, Sofia and in Anatolia. The sultan encouraged them to settle in Palestine. Green Toby Toby Green Inquisition: The Reign of Fear Macmillan Press 2007 xv–xix 978-1-4050-8873-2 https://books.google.com/books?id=ICsgW-2EX8ACAlfassá, Shelomo (27 August 2007). Sephardic Contributions to the Development of the State of Israel Alfassa.com In 1558, a Portuguese-born marrano, Doña Gracia, was granted tax collecting rights in Tiberias and its surrounding villages by Suleiman the Magnificent. She envisaged the town becoming a refuge for Jews and obtained a permit to establish Jewish autonomy there.Schaick, Tzvi. "Who is Dona Gracia?" https://web.archive.org/web/20110510235707/http://www.donagracia.com/DonaGracia/donahouse/english/donagratzia.htm 2011-05-10 , The House of Dona Gracia Museum. In 1561 her nephew Joseph Nasi, the sultan-appointed lord of Tiberias, Pasachoff Naomi E. Littman Robert J. A Concise History of the Jewish People 2005 163 Rowman & Littlefield Lanham 0742543668 https://books.google.com/books?id=cpjtAAAAMAAJ encouraged Jews to settle in Tiberias. Gordon Benjamin Lee New Judea: Jewish Life in Modern Palestine and Egypt 1977 1919 209 Ayer Publishing Manchester, New Hampshire Securing a firman from the sultan, he and Joseph ben Ardut or ibn Adret (converso name: Pomar), whom he sent to Tiberias, rebuilt the city walls and laid the groundwork for a textile (silk) industry, planting mulberry trees and urging craftsmen to move there. Executive Committee of the Editorial Board Ochser Schulim Tiberias Jewish Encyclopedia 1901–1906 https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/14386-tiberias 5 April 2025 Singer Isidore Isidore Singer Schloessinger Max Max Schloessinger Nasi, Joseph, Duke of Naxos Jewish Encyclopedia 1901–1906 https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/11333-nasi-joseph-duke-of-naxos 5 April 2025 Macalister R. A. Stewart R. A. Stewart Macalister Tiberias Encyclopædia Britannica 1911 https://en.m.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Tiberias 5 April 2025 In 1624, when the sultan recognized Fakhr-al-Din II as lord of Arabistan (a specially created realm stretching from Aleppo to the borders of Egypt), The Druze of the Levant angelfire.org http://www.angelfire.com/az/rescon/mgcdruze.html https://web.archive.org/web/20120309141551/http://www.angelfire.com/az/rescon/mgcdruze.html dead March 9, 2012 the Druze leader made Tiberias his capital. Destruction The destruction of Tiberias by the Druze resulted in the Jewish community fleeing entirely. Unlike Tiberias, which became desolate for many years, the nearby city of Safed recovered from its destruction by Druze in 1660 relatively quickly, Mendelssohn Sidney The Jews of Asia: especially in the sixteenth and seventeenth century 1920 241 Long before the culmination of Sabbathai's mad career, Safed had been destroyed by the Arabs and the Jews had suffered severely, while in the same year (1660) there was a great fire in Constantinople in which they endured heavy losses... not becoming entirely abandoned, Scholem Gershom Gershom Scholem Sabbatai Sevi: The Mystical Messiah, 1626–1676 2016 1957 368 Princeton University Press In Safed, too, the [Sabbatai] movement gathered strength during the autumn of 1665. The reports about the utter destruction, in 1662 [sic], of the Jewish settlement there seem greatly exaggerated, and the conclusions based on them are false. ... Rosanes' account of the destruction of the Safed community is based on a misunderstanding of his sources; the community declined in numbers but continued to exist. 978-0-691-17209-5 https://books.google.com/books?id=9QnJDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA368 5 April 2025 remaining an important Jewish center in the Galilee. Aftermath In the 1720s, Zahir al-Umar, a Bedouin ruler of Ottoman Galilee, fortified Tiberias and signed an agreement with the neighboring Bedouin tribes to prevent looting. Richard Pococke, who visited Tiberias in 1738, witnessed the building of a fort to the north of the city, and the strengthening of the old walls, attributing it to a dispute with the pasha (ruler) of Damascus. Pococke Richard Richard Pococke A Description of the East and Some other Countries A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels in All Parts of the World: Many of which are Now First Translated Into English; Digested on a New Plan 1811 John Pinkerton 10 460 Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme https://books.google.com/books?id=wY4qAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA460 5 April 2025 Based on the travelogue published by Pococke in 1743-45. Under Zahir's patronage, Jewish families were encouraged to settle in Tiberias. Muammar Tawfiq Zahir al-Omar 1990 1979 70 Al Hakim Printing Press Nazareth He invited Chaim Abulafia of Smyrna to rebuild the Jewish community. See also History of the Jews and Judaism in the Land of Israel References 2 Category:Antisemitism in the Ottoman Empire Category:Jews and Judaism in Ottoman Galilee Category:1660 in the Ottoman Empire Category:17th century in Ottoman Syria Category:Tiberias Category:Druze in the Ottoman Empire Category:Anti-Jewish pogroms in Ottoman Palestine Category:17th century in Judaism