1929 Egyptian parliamentary election

none Kingdom of Egypt Parliamentary 1926 Egyptian parliamentary election 1926 1931 Egypt parliamentary election 1931 21 December 1929 Mustafa el-Nahhas.PNG Mostafa el-Nahas Wafd Party 216 60.88% Muhammad Mahmoud Pasha.PNG Mohammed Mahmoud Liberal Constitutional Party (Egypt) 5 18.85% Prime Minister Subsequent Prime Minister Adly Yakan Pasha Mostafa el-Nahas Liberal Constitutional Party (Egypt) Wafd Partythumb|right|A 1928 cartoon in al Kashkul showing Mostafa el-Nahas filling in Sa'ad Zaghloul's chair after his death|292x292px Parliamentary elections were held in Egypt on 21 December 1929.Khatib 1954 171 The result was a victory for the Wafd Party, which won 216 of the 232 seats.Khatib 1954 488Marsot (1977, p. 129) gives the Wafd 212 out of 235. Deeb (1979, p. 148) gives the Wafd 198 out of 235, with 3 seats each for the National Party and Ittihad, and the remaining went to independent candidates. Khatib's numbers are used because they are the most complete, giving both seats and raw vote totals. The number of deputies in parliament increased from 211 to 232 after the 1927 census showed an increase in the population.Marsot 1977 129 Background After the 1926 elections the alliance between the Wafd and Liberal Constitutionalists initially held. Soon, however, a political crisis emerged after a draft treaty between the British Foreign Secretary Austen Chamberlain and Egyptian Prime Minister Sarwat Pasha. The treaty was rejected by the Wafd majority parliament, leading to Sarwat's resignation and the formation of a coalition cabinet between the Wafd, led by Mostafa el-Nahas after Saad Zaghloul's death, and the Liberal Constitutionalists. Nahas' first government was short lived after it was dismissed by King Fua'd following a British ultimatum. Specifically, the British objected to an amendment in the Egyptian assembly depriving the police the right to break up public meetings and assemblies.Quraishi 1967 106Khatib 1954 55–56Marsot 1977 108 Following Nahas' government, Mohammed Mahmud of the Liberal Constitutional party became prime minister, forming a coalition between Liberals and Ittihadists.Terry 1982 217 He later dissolved parliament and postponed elections, leading to Wafdist backlash. Mahmud entered into negotiations with the new foreign secretary Arthur Henderson, successfully signed an agreement over the Nile river in 1929. However, the British did not want to sign a final treaty without a government elected by the Egyptian people, thus forcing Mahmud to resign and call for new elections.Khatib 1954 58: The end of the second constitutional crisis came when Britain insisted that the draft treaty in which the Mahmud-Henderson negotiations resulted should be approved by the Egyptian people's representatives. Therefore, under British pressure there was no escape from elections for a new Parliament being held.Quraishi 1967 108: Agreements were signed with Great Britain over the Administration of the Nile water in the Sudan, over Egypt’s share in the Ottoman Debt, and over certain financial legacies of the 1914-1918 period. This created an impression in Mahmud Pasha’s mind that he would be able to solve the Anglo-Egyptian problem. But it was a mere wishful thinking on his part to assume that the British Government would be enthusiastic about coming to terms with an unrepresentative regime in Egypt. The British attitude was absolutely clear. Though certain concessions were granted, Britain was not prepared to sign a treaty which would not be ratified by a freely elected Egyptian Parliament. In other words, it was impossible for a Government, not enjoying the support of the Wafd Party, to find an everlasting settlement of the dispute. Mahmud Pasha resigned.Marsot 1977 128: "The British government then decided that Mahmud had better take the treaty terms back to Egypt and put them to a popular vote, that is, Egypt was to return to parliamentary life ... On August 9 Hugh Dalton, the parliamentary undersecretary for foreign affairs, who disliked Mahmud, announced publicly that treaty negotiations were conditioned on a return to constitutional government in Egypt and on no change in the electoral law." Mahmud tried to push for elections with restricted suffrage, where only Egyptians who were literate and paid a certain amount in taxes could vote, while the Wafd pushed for full male suffrage.Gifford 2021 153 Ultimately, the British allowed for full male suffrage out of fear of antagonizing the Wafd and endangering the acceptance of any future treaty by the Egyptian people.Deeb 1979 202 Elections were held under an interim government by Adly Yakan, leading to a Wafd victory. Results File: Egypt Parliament 1929.svg Wafd Party 610461 216 Liberal Constitutional Party 189014 5 National Party 30880 4 Ittihad Party 49437 0 Independents 7 122870 1002662 1566377 KhatibKhatib 1954 486–488 Aftermath Nahas would later be unable to secure a treaty with Britain, leading to the collapse of his second government and the emergence of what the historian Marius Deeb calls the "Palace-Sidqi Dictatorship" under the premiership of Ismail Sidky.Deeb (1979) Chapter Four: "The Palace-Sidqi Dictatorship: A Culmination of the Offensive against the Wafd 1930-1935" Notes References Sources Deeb Marius Party Politics in Egypt: the Wafd & its Rivals 1919–1939 Ithaca Press 1979 9780903729406 Gifford Jayne Britain in Egypt: Egyptian Nationalism and Imperial Strategy, 1919-1931 I.B. Tauris 2021 9780755636686 "The Two Ends Just Didn't Meet": the Labour Government and Anglo-Egyptian Treaty Negotiations Khatib M.F. The working of parliamentary institutions in Egypt, 1924-1952 1954 University of Edinburgh https://era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/34029 Marsot Afaf Lutfi Al-Sayyid Egypt’s Liberal Experiment: 1922–1936 University of California Press 1977 9780520031098 Mahmud Mohammed https://www.google.com/books/?id=HKkM9c4CyoQC The Strong Hand in Egypt : a Brief Survey of the Policy of H.E. Mohamed Mahmoud Pasha in Egypt as Outlined in His Speeches 1928-1929 P. Barbey's Print 1929 Cairo 26704561 Quraishi Zaheer M. https://archive.org/details/liberalnationali0000qura Liberal Nationalism in Egypt; Rise and Fall of the Wafd Party Jamal Printing Press 1967 9780861990009 Within the Parliamentary Framework Terry Janice J. The Wafd: Cornerstone of Egyptian Political Power Publisher: Third World Centre for Research and Publishing 1982 9780861990009 Egypt Egypt Category:Parliamentary elections in Egypt Parliamentary Egypt Egypt