1976 Summer Paralympics

Multi-parasport event in Toronto, Canada February 2020 September 2022 1976 Summer Paralympics 1976 Paralympics Toronto.jpg 200px Toronto, Canada 41 1,657 (1,404 men, 253 women) 448 in 13 sports Lieutenant Governor Pauline McGibbon 3 August 11 August Woodbine RacetrackCentennial Park Stadium Heidelberg 1972 Arnhem 1980 Örnsköldsvik 1976 Geilo 1980 The 1976 Summer Paralympics (fr Jeux paralympiques d'été de 1976), branded as Torontolympiad – 1976 Olympiad for the Physically Disabled, was the fifth Paralympic Games to be held. They were hosted by Toronto, Ontario, Canada, from 3 to 11 August 1976, marking the first time a Paralympics was held in the Americas and in Canada. The games began two days after the close of the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal. Context This was the first time global politics interfered with the Paralympic Games. "The problem stemmed from the logic that admitting a team from South Africa was to give implicit approval for its government's attitude towards segregation and racism." Although the South African team at the time was a multi-racial one, the Canadian government withdrew its CAD 500.000 contribution and "matching amounts of funds were likely to be pulled out by the metropolitan government".Bailey Steve Athlete First: A history of the paralympic movement 2008 https://archive.org/details/athletefirsthist00bail limited 2008 John Wiley & Sons 35–36 9780470058244 The provincial government at Queen's Park eventually covered the tab.http://torontoist.com/2014/06/historicist-torontolympiad-76/ Historicist: Torontolympiad '76 Torontoist 7 June 2014 21 August 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20200828160529/https://torontoist.com/2014/06/historicist-torontolympiad-76/ 28 August 2020 dead Two groups, both with the same President - Ludwig Guttmann - were involved in the decision-making: the International Sports Organisation for the Disabled and the International Stoke Mandeville Games Federation. Guttman and Robert Jackson, Chairman of the Organizing Committee, worked to convince the Canadian government to honour their promises of support the teams without money to send their delegations and were largely successful. Nevertheless, a small number of African countries withdrew to participate in Paralympics, following on from the 1976 Summer Olympics when 25 countries boycotted the Games, and after this situation, those National Olympic Committees were threatened with exclusion from future events. Later, a series of efforts were made to develop a joint policy with the International Olympic Committee. Rhodesia was not allowed to participate as the Canadian government refused to grant visas for the Rhodesian Paralympic team to attend the competition.Little Cliff The Paralympic Protest Paradox: The Politics of Rhodesian Participation in the Paralympic Games, 1960–1980 Pathways: Critiques and Discourse in Olympic Research 2008 http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/ISOR/isor2008p.pdf 18 May 2011 123–131 26 August 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120826183313/http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/ISOR/isor2008p.pdf dead Venues The opening of the 1976 games was held at Woodbine Race Track in north Etobicoke. There was no athletes' village, so competitors were housed at collegial campus of York University (Keele campus), University of Toronto (St. George Campus), and the CNIB national headquarters. Israeli athletes were housed in a fourth secret venue due to the specific and undisclosed security concerns, and fear of a terrorist attack. Closing ceremonies and the athletics events took place at Centennial Park Stadium. Centennial Gymnasium and Centennial Park's Olympic Pool were the venues for the swimming events. VenueCitySportsCapacity Ref. Woodbine RacetrackToronto Opening ceremony 42,000 Centennial Park FieldsToronto ArcheryDartchery 5,000Toronto 1976 Paralympic Summer Games https://www.paralympicheritage.org.uk/toronto-1976-paralympic-summer-games www.paralympicheritage.org.uk/ Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom National Paralympic Heritage Trust 22 March 2026 Centennial Park OlympiumToronto GoaballSwimmingVolleyballWheelchair basketball 4,500 (swimming) Centennial Park StadiumToronto AthleticsClosing ceremony 2,200 Centennial Park West ArenaToronto Table tennisWeightliftingWheelchair fencing 3,500 Etobicoke Lawn Bowling ClubToronto Lawn bowls Seneca CollegeToronto Snooker No. 2 Division Police FacilitiesToronto Shooting Media coverage The 1976 games marked the first time that there was television coverage of Paralympic events. Some events were shown live, with daily bulletins shown to viewers in Southern Ontario.Untitled Toronotolympiad 4 August 1976 Within the Toronto area, a small consortium of local cable companies (including Trillium Cable and Rogers Cable) carried the games on channel 10 after CTV and Global TV declined to carry them. Sports At the 1976 games, amputees and visually impaired athletes competed for the first time; previous editions of the Paralympic Games had included only wheelchair athletes. Within the sport of athletics, new wheelchair racing distances of 200 m, 400 m, 800 m and 1500 m were added. Shooting and goalball, both previously demonstration events, were included as official medal sports.Toronto 1976 International Paralympic Committee 2008 https://www.paralympic.org/toronto-1976 2015-03-12 17px|class=skin-invert Archery (Archery at the 1976 Summer Paralympics) (18) 17px|class=skin-invert Athletics (Athletics at the 1976 Summer Paralympics) (208) 17px|class=skin-invert Dartchery (Dartchery at the 1976 Summer Paralympics) (3) 17px|class=skin-invert Goalball (Goalball at the 1976 Summer Paralympics) (1) 17px|class=skin-invert Lawn bowls (Lawn bowls at the 1976 Summer Paralympics) (16) 17px|class=skin-invert Shooting (Shooting at the 1976 Summer Paralympics) (3) 17px|class=skin-invert Snooker (Snooker at the 1976 Summer Paralympics) (2) 17px|class=skin-invert Swimming (Swimming at the 1976 Summer Paralympics) (146) 17px|class=skin-invert Table tennis (Table tennis at the 1976 Summer Paralympics) (28) 17px|class=skin-invert Volleyball (Volleyball at the 1976 Summer Paralympics) (1) 17px|class=skin-invert Weightlifting (Weightlifting at the 1976 Summer Paralympics) (6) 17px|class=skin-invert Wheelchair basketball (Wheelchair basketball at the 1976 Summer Paralympics) (2) 17px|class=skin-invert Wheelchair fencing (Wheelchair fencing at the 1976 Summer Paralympics) (14) Medal table 1976 Summer Paralympics medal table The top 10 NPCs by number of gold medals are listed below. The host nation, Canada, is highlighted. FlagIPC 1976 Summer 66 44 45 45 25 14 40 13 16 37 34 26 29 28 37 25 26 26 yes 24 17 12 23 21 14 21 28 25 17 16 17 Participating delegations Forty-one delegations took part in the Toronto Paralympics. Burma, Colombia, Ecuador, Greece, Guatemala, Indonesia and Luxembourg made their first appearances. Medal Standings – Toronto 1976 Paralympic Games International Paralympic Committee 2008 http://www.paralympic.org/Sport/Results/reports.html?type=medalstandings&games=1976PG&sport=all 2008-08-08 South Africa was competing at the Paralympics for the fourth time. Although banned from the Olympic Games due to its policy of apartheid, it was not banned from the Paralympics until 1980, and Canada, as host country, did not object to its participation. These were, however, to be its last Paralympics before the dismantling of apartheid; The Netherlands, as hosts of the 1980 Games, declared South Africa's further participation "undesirable"."'The Netherlands against Apartheid' – 1970s", International Institute of Social HistorySouth Africa at the Paralympics, International Paralympic Committee 22em ARG 1976 Summer 20 AUS 1976 Summer 46 AUT 1976 Summer 42 BAH 1976 Summer 6 BEL 1976 Summer 45 BRA 1976 Summer 23 BIR 1976 Summer 4 CAN 1976 Summer 89 COL 1976 Summer 11 DEN 1976 Summer 21 ECU 1976 Summer 3 EGY 1976 Summer 27 ETH 1976 Summer 1 FIJ 1976 Summer 9 FIN 1976 Summer 50 FRA 1976 Summer 52 GBR 1976 Summer 87 GRE 1976 Summer 3 GUA 1976 Summer 11 HKG 1976 Summer 11 HUN 1976 Summer 2 INA 1976 Summer 12 IRL 1976 Summer 19 ISR 1976 Summer 59 ITA 1976 Summer 24 JPN 1976 Summer 34 LUX 1976 Summer 3 MEX 1976 Summer 32 NED 1976 Summer 58 NZL 1976 Summer 12 NOR 1976 Summer 41 PER 1976 Summer 2 POL 1976 Summer 37 RSA 1976 Summer 37 KOR 1976 Summer 7 ESP 1976 Summer 22 SWE 1976 Summer 69 SUI 1976 Summer 49 UGA 1976 Summer 1 USA 1976 Summer 97 FRG 1976 Summer 93 See also Sports Canada at the Paralympics World Paralympiads in Canada 1976 Summer Paralympics – Toronto 2010 Winter Paralympics – Vancouver—Whistler 1976 Winter Paralympics 1976 Summer Olympics 2015 Parapan American Games References Summer Paralympics Toronto Heidelberg Arnhem V Paralympic Summer Games (1976) Paralympic Paralympics, 1976 Paralympics Category:Multi-sport events in Canada Paralympic Games Category:Summer Paralympic Games by year Paralympic Games Category:August 1976 sports events in Canada Category:International sports competitions in Toronto Category:Olympic Games in Canada Category:Parasports in Canada