1932 Cuba hurricane

Category 5 Atlantic hurricane in 1932 September 2014 1932 Cuba hurricane Cuba hurricane weather map, November 6, 1932 (2009840).jpg Surface weather analysis of the hurricane at peak intensity on November 6, in the western Caribbean Sea Weather map indicating barometric pressures over the southwestern Caribbean Sea using contours and wind barb symbols to indicate observations in select locations during the represented time. The hurricane is denoted at center with a capital L. 1932 10 30 1932 11 14 150 915 ≤ 1932 3,103+ (Deadliest in Cuban history) 40000000 Lesser Antilles Netherlands Antilles Northern South America Jamaica Cayman Islands Cuba Bahamas Bermuda 1932 Atlantic hurricane season The 1932 Cuba hurricane, known also as the Hurricane of Santa Cruz del Sur or the 1932 Camagüey hurricane,Millás, p. 1 was a powerful and catastrophic tropical cyclone that struck the island country of Cuba in November 1932, becoming the deadliest and one of the most intense on record to have made landfall in the country. It is the only Category 5 Atlantic hurricane ever recorded in November. The cyclone had a path through the Caribbean Sea atypical to most hurricanes developing late in the Atlantic hurricane season. The storm's strong winds, storm surge, and rain devastated an extensive portion of central and eastern Cuba, where the storm was considered the worst natural disaster of the 20th century. Though the effects from the hurricane were concentrated primarily on Cuba, significant effects were also felt in the Cayman Islands and the Bahamas, with lesser effects felt elsewhere. The tropical depression that would later develop into the destructive hurricane was first located east of the Lesser Antilles on October 30, and tracked westward into the Caribbean Sea, reaching tropical storm strength the next day. Moving southwestward towards the southern portion of the Caribbean, the storm reached hurricane strength on November 2 before a period of rapid intensification ensued. On November 6, the tropical cyclone reached its peak intensity as a Category 5 hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 175 mph (280 km/h). The storm weakened to Category 4 intensity while recurving northeast, moving ashore Cuba's Camagüey Province on November 9 with winds of 150 mph (240 km/h). After traversing the island, the storm gradually weakened as it crossed the central Bahamas Islands and near Bermuda. On November 13, the system transitioned into an extratropical cyclone and dissipated the next day. As an intensifying hurricane in the southern Caribbean Sea, the storm moved near the Netherlands Antilles and Colombia, causing widespread effects. A prolonged passage of Curacao resulted in the damaging of the harbor fortification. The storm lashed the coast of Colombia with strong winds and torrential rainfall, severely hampering the banana crop in the region and disrupting telecommunications. Several towns, particularly those near the coast, sustained significant infrastructural damage. Marked, albeit localized, damage to banana crops was also reported in Jamaica, where strong winds toppled numerous trees. In open waters, the storm's track brought it across numerous shipping lanes, largely disrupting shipping primarily in the central Caribbean and damaging several ships. Meteorological history AL14 1932 path.png 250px left The track of the 1932 Cuba hurricane, with the track beginning at bottom-center, tracing towards the left and then curving to the upper-right corner of the image. new The 1932 Cuba hurricane can be traced back to a tropical depression, first identified at 06:00 UTC on October 30 by ship observations roughly 200 mi km on east of Guadeloupe.Mitchell, C.L. United States Weather Bureau National Weather Service The Tropical Storm Of October 30–November 13, 1932 Monthly Weather Review November 1932 60 11 222 10.1175/1520-0493(1932)60<222:TTSOON>2.0.CO;2 http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/060/mwr-060-11-0222.pdf September 1, 2014 American Meteorological Society Washington, D.C. PDF 1932MWRv...60..222M free Tracking generally westward, the depression crossed the Lesser Antilles the next day between Dominica and Martinique. Barometric pressures decreasing to as much as 1008 mbar (hPa; 29.77 inHg) in St. Lucia confirmed the presence of a developing tropical cyclone. Shortly after traversing the islands, the disturbance strengthened to tropical storm intensity at 18:00 UTC on October 31. Concurrently as the storm was gradually intensifying, the tropical cyclone began to take an unusual course towards the southwest. On November 2, the storm intensified to hurricane status while north of the Netherlands Antilles. thumb|225x225px|Weather map of the hurricane intensifying over the Caribbean Sea on November 2 Steadily strengthening, the hurricane reached Category 2 status on November 3. During the day, the storm passed approximately 50 mi km on north of Punta Gallinas in Colombia, the northernmost extent of South America. However, at the same time the hurricane curved towards the west, causing the storm to move away from Colombia and Venezuela. During the next few days, the hurricane rapidly intensified, reaching major hurricane status late on November 4. The next day, the hurricane's intensity was analyzed to have been the equivalent of a modern-day Category 5 hurricane while curving northward. Although the storm was analyzed operationally to have peaked as a minimal Category 4 hurricane, reanalysis of the hurricane indicated that the tropical cyclone was much more intense than initially suggested based on observations by the S.S. Phemius, the crew of which visually estimated winds of around 200 mph km/h on at the maximum of the storm and measured unusually low pressures. Early on November 6, the hurricane peaked with maximum sustained winds estimated at 175 mph (280 km/h). During that time, the S.S. Phemius recorded a minimum barometric pressure of 915 mbar (hPa; 27.02 inHg); this measurement was the lowest documented throughout the storm's existence. As this report did not occur within the hurricane's eye, the storm's true minimum pressure may have been much lower. left|thumb|Weather map of the hurricane approaching landfall in Cuba on November 9 Pacing northward, the hurricane gradually weakened after maximum intensity on November 6 but held its Category 5 strength for 78 consecutive hours before finally dropping to Category 4 status. Due to a gradual curve towards the northeast, the hurricane tracked near Cayman Brac on November 9;Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/metadata_master.html National Hurricane Center September 1, 2014 Landsea, Chris April 2014 etal a minimum barometric pressure of 939 mbar (hPa; 27.73 inHg) was documented on the island. Only slight weakening occurred before the hurricane made landfall on the Caribbean coast of Cuba's Camagüey Province at 14:00 UTC that day. At the time of landfall, the tropical cyclone was estimated to have had a minimum pressure of 918 mbar (hPa; 27.11 inHg) and maximum sustained winds of 150 mph (240 km/h), with these winds extending as far as 40 mi (65 km) from the center of the hurricane. The storm traversed Cuba in six hours before emerging into the Atlantic Ocean late on November 9, after which it began to cross the central Bahamian archipelago. At 07:00 UTC on November 10, the hurricane made a second landfall on Long Island, Bahamas with an intensity equivalent to that of a modern-day Category 3. Continuing to track northeast, the storm moved east of Bermuda two days later. On November 13, the hurricane began to interact with an extratropical cyclone centered over the Canadian Maritimes, and later weakened to tropical storm strength. The tropical cyclone later became extratropical itself before it was last noted at 18:00 UTC on November 14. Records Among Atlantic hurricanes, this storm had the longest duration at Category 5 intensity, the highest category of the Saffir–Simpson scale. It was also the strongest November Atlantic hurricane. Preparations and impact thumb|The British vessel S.S. Phemius, which followed the progress of the hurricane from November 5-7 and documented the storm's lowest measured pressure|alt=Sepia-toned image of a ship in open waters with a smokestack at center and two masts on either side of the funnel. As the hurricane moved slowly through the eastern and southern Caribbean, the rough seas and strong winds disrupted shipping routes. On November 6, the American schooner Abundance encountered the storm east of Jamaica, resulting in a destroyed rudder and a beaching on Jamaica's Morant Point.Ships Suffer As Caribbean Gale Strikes https://www.newspapers.com/clip/963226/1932_cuba_hurricane/? September 3, 2014 The San Bernardino County Daily Sun Associated Press November 7, 1932 1 Newspapers.com 39 However, the ship's six crew were extracted from the disabled vessel and were transported to the United States. Although the S.S. Phemius would later return safely to port in Cuba, reports that the ship had lost its smokestack and the relaying of an SOS message prompted the United Fruit Company liner Tela to search for the initially missing ship, which failed due to poor visibility conditions.Tropic Storm Coming North https://www.newspapers.com/clip/963173/1932_cuba_hurricane/? September 3, 2014 The Daily Northwestern Associated Press November 7, 1932 Oshkosh, Wisconsin 1 Newspapers.com 65 3 Ships Adrift in Caribbean As Hurricane Force Grows https://www.newspapers.com/clip/972622/1932_cuba_hurricane/ September 6, 2014 Brooklyn Daily Eagle Associated Press November 8, 1932 New York City, New York 3 Newspapers.com 92 311 This was followed by a search operation undertaken by the USS Overton (DD-239) and USS Swan (AM-34).U.S. Warships Sent To British Ship's Aid https://www.newspapers.com/clip/964412/1932_cuba_hurricane/? September 3, 2014 The Reading Times Associated Press November 8, 1932 Reading, Pennsylvania 3 Newspapers.com 74 216 On November 8, the S.S. Phemius was found damaged and later towed to shore by a salvage tug. However, during the same period of time both the steamer Tacira and the freighter San Simeon were disabled after encountering the storm, requiring towing to safety.Help Reaches Liner In Disabled Storm https://www.newspapers.com/clip/964190/1932_cuba_hurricane/? September 3, 2014 Bluefield Daily Telegraph Associated Press November 8, 1932 Bluefield, West Virginia 7 Newspapers.com 40 235 Several other ships in the immediate area were also hampered by the storm.Storm Ravages Caribbean Area https://www.newspapers.com/clip/975098/1932_cuba_hurricane/? September 6, 2014 Indiana Evening Gazette International News Service November 8, 1932 Indiana, Pennsylvania 7 Newspapers.com 29 6 A novel based on the ordeal of the Phemius and her crew, In Hazard, was later written by Richard Hughes and published in 1938. Some damage was reported in northern South America as the hurricane swept near the coast. In Colombia, rail telecommunications were interrupted near Santa Marta, and banana plantations in the area were believed to have suffered to some extent due to the storm's winds and rain. In Santa Marta itself, several homes were inundated and automotive traffic was hampered by the storm's effects. Docks on Santa Marta's port were also damaged.Damage Heavy https://www.newspapers.com/clip/963521/1932_cuba_hurricane/? September 3, 2014 Montana Butte Standard Associated Press November 7, 1932 Butte, Montana 2 Newspapers.com 70 30 Heavy rains also washed out some railways and bridges, further disrupting the distribution of banana shipments.American Schooner Wrecked By Storm https://www.newspapers.com/clip/963304/1932_cuba_hurricane/? September 3, 2014 The Lincoln Evening Journal Associated Press November 7, 1932 Lincoln, Nebraska 11 Newspapers.com Second Ship Is In Distress With Rudder Disabled https://www.newspapers.com/clip/964308/1932_cuba_hurricane/? September 3, 2014 Montana Butte Standard Associated Press November 8, 1932 Butte, Montana 6 Newspapers.com 70 31 Elsewhere along the coast, many of Colombia's seaports were damaged by the storm's effects, while inland farms suffered extensive flood damage. Due to sparse reports from the remainder of Colombia, the extent of damage in Barranquilla remains unspecified, with other nearby towns reporting "heavy" damage.Central America Is Devastated By Hurricane https://www.newspapers.com/clip/963471/1932_cuba_hurricane/? September 3, 2014 The Daily Courier International News Service November 7, 1932 Connellsville, Pennsylvania 1 Newspapers.com 60 307 The village of Sevilla in the municipality of Zona Bananera, Magdalena was almost entirely destroyed.West Cuba And Yucatan In Peril By Fierce Storm https://www.newspapers.com/clip/972637/1932_cuba_hurricane/ September 6, 2014 The Helena Independent Associated Press November 8, 1932 Helena, Montana 7 Newspapers.com 67 322 Providencia Island just off of Colombia sustained significant agricultural damage and the loss of 36 homes. To the northeast in Curacao, the passing hurricane destroyed the island harbor's fortifications.Coastline of Colombia Hit By Hurricane Ryan, James A. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/963599/1932_cuba_hurricane/? September 3, 2014 Belvidere Daily Republican International News Service November 7, 1932 Belvidere, Illinois 1, 4 Newspapers.com 38 A seawall near the entrance to Sint Anna harbor suffered partial collapse, while a pontoon bridge linking both sides of the harbor was completely destroyed. In nearby Bonaire, a pier succumbed to the driving rain and rough seas.Sea Wall Collapses https://www.newspapers.com/clip/963662/1932_cuba_hurricane/? September 3, 2014 The Brownsville Herald Associated Press November 2, 1932 Belvidere, Illinois 17 Newspapers.com 1 104 With the hurricane threatening Jamaica, Pan American World Airways cancelled its flights servicing Kingston, Jamaica.Flights Canceled https://www.newspapers.com/clip/980289/1932_cuba_hurricane/? September 7, 2014 The Kingsport Times Associated Press November 9, 1932 Kingsport, Tennessee 1 Newspapers.com In Jamaica, the storm's passage to the west caused intense winds as strong as 71 mph (114 km/h) to sweep across the island,Jamaica Hit By Hurricane https://www.newspapers.com/clip/980374/1932_cuba_hurricane/? September 7, 2014 Florence Morning News Associated Press November 9, 1932 Florence, South Carolina 1, 6 Newspapers.com 24 67 destroying over 2 million trees.Hurricane on Caribbean Sea Hits Freighter https://www.newspapers.com/clip/963263/1932_cuba_hurricane/? September 3, 2014 The Coshocton Tribune Associated Press November 7, 1932 Coshocton, Ohio 1 Newspapers.com 24 67 Although effects overall were generally minimal, some localized areas on the island experienced as much as a 50% loss of banana trees due to the storm. The cost of damage on Jamaica was US$4 million.$4,000,000 Loss In Kingston https://www.newspapers.com/clip/981376/1932_cuba_hurricane/? September 7, 2014 Alton Evening Telegraph Associated Press November 10, 1932 Alton, Illinois 2 Newspapers.com Cayman Islands The storm devastated the Cayman Islands, especially Cayman Brac which was inundated by the storm surge, which was reported to be as high as 10 m ft 0 on. Many homes and buildings were washed out to sea as a result of the storm and many people had to climb trees to escape the floodwaters. 110 people died on the islands; one of them was on Grand Cayman, 69 died on Cayman Brac, and 40 were lost on ships at sea.About the Cayman Islands http://www.caymankaivacations.com/caymanislands.htm caymankaivacations.com May 17, 2022Wells David A Brief History of the Cayman Islands https://www.cigouk.ky/downloads/Cayman-Islands-e-book-October2018.pdf Cayman Islands Government Office UK May 17, 2022 40 October 2018 The ship Balboa also sank in the George Town harbor as a result of the storm.The Balboa http://www.adventuredives.com/balboa.htm Adventure Dives May 17, 2022 Cuba thumb|Photograph of the damage in Cuba after the hurricane Although no warnings were issued initially, the National Observatory of Cuba voiced concerns that the intense tropical cyclone presented a danger to Cuba, particularly Camagüey Province, as early as November 5. However, the observatory indicated that forecasting the future motion of the hurricane was difficult as the storm's intensity and previous motion was not consistent with climatology.Cuba In Danger https://www.newspapers.com/clip/963521/1932_cuba_hurricane/? September 3, 2014 Montana Butte Standard Associated Press November 7, 1932 Butte, Montana 2 Newspapers.com 70 30 On November 8, a hurricane warning was issued for the southeastern extent of Cuba.Hurricane Warning Issued at Havana https://www.newspapers.com/clip/972601/1932_cuba_hurricane/ September 6, 2014 Ames Daily Tribune-Times United Press International November 8, 1932 Ames, Iowa 1 Newspapers.com 66 110 As a precautionary measure, shipping routes servicing ports in eastern Cuba were suspended.Twelve Die As Hurricane Hits Eastern Cuba https://www.newspapers.com/clip/976676/1932_cuba_hurricane/? September 6, 2014 Warren Times-Mirror Associated Press November 9, 1932 Warren, Pennsylvania 1 Newspapers.com 33 The town of Santa Cruz del Sur in Camagüey Province was virtually obliterated by a massive storm surge which measured 6.5 m ft 1 on in height.Christopher Landsea 2003 http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/Landsea/NHR-Cuba.pdf Hurricane Vulnerability in Latin America and The Caribbean NOAA 2007-10-15 https://web.archive.org/web/20071026123732/http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/Landsea/NHR-Cuba.pdf October 26, 2007 live etal Few buildings remained standing in the area. In that coastal town alone, a total of 2,870 people were killed. In total, 3,033 people died in Cuba and damage there was estimated at $40 million (1932 USD; $US 40 1932 -1 million today). See also Tropical cyclones List of deadliest Atlantic hurricanes List of Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes List of Cuba hurricanes References General José Carlos Millás Observatorio Nacional Secretaria De Agricultura, Comercio Y Trabajo José Carlos Millás Memoria Del Huracán De Camagüey De 1932 http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd360_pdf/LSN2845.PDF September 3, 2014 Havana, Cuba PDF 1933 Specific 3 External links Cuba Category:Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes Category:Hurricanes in Cuba Category:Hurricanes in the Cayman Islands Cuba Hurricane Cuba Hurricane Cuba Hurricane