1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries

Selection of the Democratic Party nominee June 2025 April 2025 1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries United States 1959 primary no 1956 Democratic Party presidential primaries 1956 1964 Democratic Party presidential primaries 1964 March 8 to June 7, 1960 1,521 delegates to the Democratic National Convention 761 (majority) File:Jfk2 (3x4).jpg 160x160px John F. Kennedy 81B5FF Massachusetts 10 1,847,259 31.4% File:38 Hubert Humphrey 3x4.jpg Hubert Humphrey FFA500 Minnesota 2 590,410 10.1% 350px First place by popular vote 350px First place by convention roll call 1 #81B5FF Kennedy #D40000 Johnson #FFA500 Humphrey #916F6F VariousFavorite sons received the support of Missouri (Stuart Symington), Florida (George Smathers), New Jersey (Robert Meyner), Mississippi (Ross Barnett), and Hawaii. (Adlai E. Stevenson II) Democratic nominee Adlai Stevenson John F. Kennedy From March 8 to June 7, 1960, voters and members of the Democratic Party elected delegates to the 1960 Democratic National Convention through a series of caucuses, conventions, and primaries, partly for the purpose of nominating a candidate for President of the United States in the 1960 election. The presidential primaries were inconclusive, as several of the leading contenders did not enter them, but U.S. Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts emerged as the strongest candidate and won the nomination over Lyndon B. Johnson at the convention, held from July 11 to 15 at the Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena. Recalling the experience of 1928 Democratic nominee Al Smith (who was Catholic), many wondered if anti-Catholic prejudice would affect Kennedy's chances of winning the nomination and the election in November.https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/103073952?searchTerm=John%20F.%20Kennedy John Kennedy As U.S. Presidential Hopeful The Canberra Times Associated Press January 2, 1960 March 25, 2021 2 To prove his vote-getting ability, Kennedy challenged U.S. senator Hubert Humphrey of Minnesota, a liberal, in the Wisconsin primary. Although Kennedy defeated Humphrey in Wisconsin, his reliance on heavily Catholic areas left many party bosses unconvinced. Kennedy thus faced Humphrey in the heavily Protestant state of West Virginia. Humphrey's campaign was low on money and could not compete with the well-organized, well-financed Kennedy team. Kennedy's siblings combed the state looking for votes, leading Humphrey to complain that he "felt like an independent merchant running against a chain store."Schlesinger Arthur M. Robert Kennedy and His Times New York Houghton Mifflin Company 1978 2002 0-618-21928-5 195 https://books.google.com/books?id=0xqrU5lnD7AC&pg=PA195 On primary day, Kennedy crushed Humphrey with over 60% of the vote, and Humphrey withdrew from the race. Although Kennedy won the popular contests by comfortable margin, his main opponent, Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson, did not participate (except as a write-in candidate). Johnson had a very strong base in the party establishment and gained the support of many delegates chosen through caucus and convention selection processes.Our Campaigns - US President - D Primaries Race - Feb 01, 1960 In the months leading up to the Democratic Convention, Kennedy traveled around the nation persuading delegates from various states to support him. However, as the Convention opened, Kennedy was still a few dozen votes short of victory.October 2020 Several major candidates served as Democratic Party nominees, with John F. Kennedy serving as the nominee for 1960, Johnson in 1964, and Humphrey in 1968. Background 1952 and 1956 elections After controlling the White House for five consecutive terms from 1933 through 1953, the Democratic Party had been defeated in two consecutive elections. Both times, popular World War II general Dwight D. Eisenhower defeated Adlai Stevenson II.CQ Almanac Online Edition https://library.cqpress.com/cqalmanac/login.php?requested=%2Fcqalmanac%2Fdocument.php%3Fid%3Dcqal52-1380282 2023-08-02 library.cqpress.com thumb|John F. Kennedy raised his national profile at the 1956 Democratic National Convention by giving the nominating speech for Adlai Stevenson II and finishing second in the contest for the vice-presidential nomination. At the 1956 Democratic National Convention, Stevenson surprisingly left the choice of his vice-presidential running mate to the delegates.Stevenson 1956 Presidential Acceptance Speech C-SPAN.org https://www.c-span.org/video/?3400-1/stevenson-1956-presidential-acceptance-speech 2023-08-02 www.c-span.org Following his nomination in Chicago, Stevenson made a brief appearance before the convention. He told the delegates he had decided "to depart from the precedents of the past" and that "the selection of the Vice Presidential nominee should be made through the free processes of this convention."CQ Almanac Online Edition https://library.cqpress.com/cqalmanac/login.php?requested=%2Fcqalmanac%2Fdocument.php%3Fid%3Dcqal56-1347894 2023-08-02 library.cqpress.com With one day's notice, the candidates scrambled to assemble campaigns for delegate support. The leaders were Estes Kefauver, who had run two populist campaigns for the presidency but lost the nomination each time to Stevenson, and John F. Kennedy, a relatively unknown 39-year-old United States Senator from Massachusetts but a scion of the powerful Kennedy family. Kennedy surprised observers by surging into the lead on the second ballot and falling only 39 votes short of the nomination, but on the third ballot, several favorite son candidates threw their delegations' support to Kefauver, and he prevailed. Kennedy gave a gracious concession speech, raising his national profile within the party.JOHN F. KENNEDY DEMOCRATIC CONVENTION 1956 March 19, 2016 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A5lFzF5JbuI 2023-08-02 en 1958 midterm elections In the 1958 elections, the Republican Party suffered heavy losses due to a nationwide economic recession, the launch of Sputnik by the Soviet Union, and the galvanized opposition of organized labor following the passage of strengthened labor restrictions. Kennedy was re-elected in a historic landslide; the gain of ten Senate seats also buttressed the political power of Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson, who had won the regional support of some Southern delegations in 1956.CQ Almanac Online Edition https://library.cqpress.com/cqalmanac/login.php?requested=%2Fcqalmanac%2Fdocument.php%3Fid%3Dcqal58-1340275 2023-08-02 library.cqpress.com "Democrats won seats in the Senate in California, Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Nevada, New Jersey, Ohio, Utah, West Virginia and Wyoming." Democrats conceded no seats they had obtained in previous years. Candidates The following political leaders were candidates for the 1960 Democratic presidential nomination: Nominee CandidateMost recent officeHome stateCampaign Withdrawal datePopular voteContests won Running mateJohn F. Kennedyframeless|127x127pxU.S. Senatorfrom Massachusetts(1953–1960)Massachusetts 1908frameless|174x174px(Campaign)Secured nomination: July 15, 19601,847,259(31.4%)10 Lyndon B. Johnsonframeless|107x107px Other major candidates These candidates participated in multiple state primaries or were included in multiple major national polls. CandidateMost recent officeHome stateCampaign Withdrawal dateLyndon B. Johnson98x98pxUnited States Senatorfrom Texas(1949–1961)Texas133x133pxAnnounced: July 1960(Campaign)Hubert Humphrey107x107pxUnited States Senatorfrom Minnesota(1949–1964, 1971–1978)Minnesota 1957136x136pxAnnounced: December 30, 1959Withdrew: May 10, 1960(Campaign)Adlai Stevenson II105x105pxGovernorof Illinois(1949–1953)Illinois 1915(Campaign)Stuart Symington105x105pxU.S. Senatorfrom Missouri(1953–1976)Missouri(Campaign)Robert B. MeynerOliphant Thomas Wilkie Curtis 2017 The road to Camelot: Inside JFK's Five-Year Campaign Simon & Schuster 105x105pxGovernorof New Jersey(1954–1962)New Jersey 1896(Campaign)Wayne Morse105x105pxUnited States Senatorfrom Oregon(1945–1969)Oregon(Campaign) Favorite sons Favorite son The following candidates ran only in their home state's primary or caucus for the purpose of controlling its delegate slate at the convention and did not appear to be considered national candidates by the media. Governor Ross Barnett of Mississippi Governor Pat Brown of California (pledged support to Kennedy) Governor Michael DiSalle of Ohio (pledged support to Kennedy) Governor Herschel Loveless of Iowa George H. McLain of California Albert S. Porter of Ohio Senator George Smathers of Florida Declined to run The following persons were listed in two or more major national polls or were the subject of media speculation surrounding their potential candidacy, but declined to actively seek the nomination. Senator Joseph Clark of Pennsylvania Former Governor Frank G. Clement of Tennessee Governor Orval Faubus of Arkansas Senator Albert Gore of Tennessee Former Governor W. Averell Harriman of New York Senator Estes Kefauver of Tennessee Senator Edmund Muskie of Maine Governor G. Mennen Williams of Michigan Polling National polling Poll sourcePublication 1 Pat Brown 1 Hubert Humphrey 1 Estes Kefauver 1 John F. Kennedy 1 Lyndon Johnson 1 Adlai Stevenson 1 Stuart Symington 1 4 Other 1 UndecidedGallupKefauver, Kennedy Tops in Party Gallup George 11 Aug 1957 The Washington Post E5Aug. 11, 1957–5%29%23%8%–5%14%Frank Clement with 6%, G. Mennen Williams with 4%, Edmund Muskie with 2%, Robert Meyner and Robert Kerr combined for 2% lower-alpha16%GallupGALLUP POLL SHOWS: Kefauver Democratic Choice for 1960, Sen. Kennedy Second Gallup George 17 Nov 1957 Los Angeles Times 21Nov. 16, 1957–3%26%19%11%–5%15%Frank Clement with 6%, Robert Meyner with 3%, and 6% combined for Happy Chandler, G. Mennen Williams, and Robert Kerr lower-alpha21%GallupStevenson Top Choice of Democratic Voters Gallup, George Los Angeles Times 11 June 1958 15June 11, 1958–3%16%19%12%23%4%8%Frank Clement with 4%, Robert Meyner and G. Mennen Williams combined for 4%15%GallupStevenson Tops Poll of Democrats: Kennedy Leads in Gallup Survey of Independent Voters Gallup, George Los Angeles Times 30 Nov 1958Nov. 30, 1958–1%11%23%6%29%5%11%G. Mennen Williams with 5%, Orval Faubus with 4%, and Robert Meyner with <2% lower-alpha14%GallupSTEVENSON LEAD IN POLL LOWERED: Kennedy Closes Gap Over November Gallup Rating; Still lndependents'-Choice Gallup George 25 Jan 1959 Los Angeles Times AJan. 25, 1959–4%10%25%7%29%4%12%G. Mennen Williams with 5%, Orval Faubus with 5%, and Robert Meyner with 2% lower-alpha9%GallupKennedy, Stevenson Tie for Democratic Favor: Massachusetts Senator Gains Slightly, Gallup Poll Sampling Reveals Gallup, George Los Angeles Times 5 Apr 1959April 5, 1959––12%28%9%27%5%11%Combined for Orval Faubus, Hubert Humphrey, Robert Meyner, and G. Mennen Williams lower-alpha9%GallupStevenson, Kennedy Run Close: Gallup Poll Shows Johnson Third With Democrats Gallup George 18 May 1959 Los Angeles Times 6May 18, 1959–5%10%25%13%26%7%6%Combined for G. Mennen Williams, Orval Faubus, and Robert Meyner lower-alpha8%GallupTop Places Maintained by Stevenson, Kennedy Gallup George 10 June 1959 The Hartford Courant 16June 10, 1959–6%–26%12%29%4%6%Combined for Robert Meyner and G. Mennen Williams lower-alpha8%GallupKennedy Moves Out Ahead of Adlai In Democrats' Rating for Nomination Gallup George 9 July 1959 The Washington Post A21July 9, 1959–4%11%29%14%25%6%4%Combined for Robert Meyner and G. Mennen Williams lower-alpha7%GallupKennedy and Stevenson Still Pace the Democrats Gallup George 14 Aug 1959 The Washington Post D4Aug. 14, 19592%5%9%26%12%26%7%6%Robert Meyner with 3%, G. Mennen Williams with 3% lower-alpha7%GallupParty Rates Kennedy No. 1 Gallup George 27 Sep 1959 The Boston Globe A3Sep. 27, 19591%5%9%30%10%26%6%8%5%GallupStevenson Pulls Closer to Kennedy in Poll Gallup George 18 Nov 1959 The Hartford Courant 16Nov. 18, 19593%4%10%27%11%26%6%5%G. Mennen Williams with 3% and Robert Meyner with 2% lower-alpha8%GallupKennedy Loses Ground Slightly, Johnson Gains Gallup George 18 Dec 1959 The Washington Post A21Dec. 18, 19593%4%10%24%14%26%5%4%Robert Meyner with 2% and G. Mennen Williams with 2% lower-alpha10%GallupKennedy Scores Gain in Democrat Backing Gallup George 29 Jan 1960 Los Angeles Times 6Jan. 29, 19602%5%6%32%12%28%6%3%G. Mennen Williams with 2% and Robert Meyner with 1% lower-alpha6%GallupKennedy Lead Gains as Democratic Choice Gallup George 26 Feb 1960 Los Angeles Times 21Feb. 26, 1960–6%6%35%13%23%5%5%Robert Meyner with 2%; Pat Brown, G. Mennen Williams, Wayne Morse, and Chester Bowles combined for 3%7%GallupKennedy Keeps Lead in Democratic Vote Gallup George 27 Mar 1960 Los Angeles Times AMarch 27, 19603%5%–34%15%23%6%6%8%GallupKennedy Widens Lead in New Gallup Poll Gallup George 20 Apr 1960 Los Angeles Times 24April 20, 19603%7%–39%11%21%6%5%8%GallupKennedy In Same Spot As Previous Candidates Gallup George 27 May 1960 The Hartford Daily Courant 17May 27, 1960–7%–41%11%21%7%9%4% lower-alpha Two-way races Kennedy v. Kefauver Poll sourceDate(s) 1 Estes Kefauver 1 John F. Kennedy 1 UndecidedGallupKennedy Widens Lead Over Kefauver in Poll Gallup, George 7 Feb 1958 Los Angeles Times 24Feb. 7, 195835%56%9% Kennedy v. Johnson Poll sourceDate(s) 1 Lyndon Johnson 1 John F. Kennedy 1 UndecidedGallupKennedy Favored by Democrats Gallup George 28 Feb 1960 Los Angeles Times B14Feb. 28, 196032%58%10% Kennedy v. Stevenson Poll sourceDate(s) 1 John F. Kennedy 1 Adlai Stevenson 1 UndecidedGallupKennedy, Stevenson Tied As '60 'Show-Down' Choice Gallup, George 3 Dec 1958 The Hartford CourantDec. 3, 195842%42%16%GallupGALLUP POLL REPORTS:: Stevenson in Slight Gain on Sen. Kennedy Gallup, George 6 Feb 1959 Los Angeles TimesFeb. 6, 195944%45%1%GallupStevenson, Kennedy in Close Race Gallup George 12 June 1959 Los Angeles Times 17June 12, 195945%44%11%GallupFeb. 28, 196050%43%7%Look magazinePoll Finds Nixon, Kennedy Favored 21 June 1960 The Washington PostJune 21, 196059%20%21% Johnson v. Symington Poll sourceDate(s) 1 Lyndon Johnson 1 Stuart Symington 1 UndecidedGallupFebruary 28, 196047%28%25% Statewide polling West Virginia Poll sourceDate(s)Samplesizekey Key:A – all adultsRV – registered votersLV – likely votersV – unclear 1 Hubert Humphrey 1 John F. Kennedy 1 4 Other 1 UndecidedThe Fayette TribuneWest Virginia Poll Finds Kennedy Gain Lawrence W.H. 6 May 1960 The New York Times 1May 6, 1960181 A in Fayette County24%38%–39% Wisconsin Poll sourceDate(s)Samplesizekey Key:A – all adultsRV – registered votersLV – likely votersV – unclear 1 Hubert Humphrey 1 John F. Kennedy 1 Lyndon Johnson 1 Adlai Stevenson 1 Stuart Symington 1 4 Other 1 UndecidedSen. William ProxmireKennedy, Nixon in Poll Lead The Austin Statesman 5 Aug 1959 3Aug 5, 19591,311 A17%43%4%29%7%–– Schedule and results States by winner +DateContestPledged delegates John F. KennedyLyndon Johnson Pat Brown Hubert Humphrey George Smathers Michael DiSalleGeorge H. McLain UnpledgedOthersTotal March 8 New Hampshire primary11 11 43,372– – – – – –7,52750,899 April 5 Wisconsin primary31 23 476,024– – 8 366,753 – – –842,777 April 12 Illinois preference primary0 34,332– – 4,283 – – –14,55253,167Illinois delegate primary69April 2024 April 19 New Jersey primary0 –– – – – – 217,608217,608 April 26 Massachusetts primary41 41 91,607– – 794 – – –6,76299,163 Pennsylvania primary83 183,073– – 13,860 – – –59,880256,813 May 3 Indiana primary34 353,832– – – – – –82,937436,769 Ohio primary64 –– – – – 315,312 –315,312 Washington D.C. primary9 –– – 8,239 – – –6,12714,366May 8Texas caucuses1960-05-09 JOHNSON SWEEPS TEXAS CAUCUSES; Senator Assured of Control of State's Delegation to Democratic Convention https://www.nytimes.com/1960/05/09/archives/johnson-sweeps-taxas-caucuses-senator-assured-of-control-of-states.html 2024-04-24 The New York Times en-US 0362-433161–61––––––– May 10 Nebraska primary16 80,408– – 3,202 – – –7,08290,692 West Virginia primary25 236,510– – 152,187 – – –388,697 May 17 Maryland primary24 201,769– – – – – 24,35049,420275,539 May 20 Oregon primary17 146,663– – 16,319 – – –162,982 May 24 Florida primary29 –– – – 322,235 – –322,235 June 7 California primary81 –– 1,354,031 – – –646,387 –2,000,418 South Dakota primary11 –– – 24,773 – – –24,773TOTALS1,847,2591,354,031590,410322,235315,312646,387241,958369,0725,686,664 Primary race From the outset of the campaign, Kennedy's religion played a major role. Happy Chandler, the governor of Kentucky and a major power broker in the party, emphatically stated that Kennedy could not win Kentucky due to his Catholicism.https://www.newspapers.com/clip/46158108/the-boston-globe/ Kennedy Can't Take Kentucky, Chandler Says January 13, 1960 The Boston Globe live https://archive.today/20200305152028/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/46158108/the-boston-globe/ March 5, 2020 16 Newspapers.com New Hampshire: March 8 1960 New Hampshire Democratic presidential primaryKennedy faced trivial opposition in the neighboring state of New Hampshire and won overwhelmingly.John F. Kennedy: A Biography Michael O'Brien 2006 444 978-0-312-35745-0 St. Martin's Griffin While campaigning in Madison, Wisconsin, Kennedy expressed enthusiasm about the New Hampshire results: "I'm very happy about it; we did better than I thought we would."http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1960/03/10/page/19/article/many-factors-aid-kennedys-n-h-triumph Many Factors Aid Kennedy's N.H. Triumph March 10, 1960 William Fulton Chicago Tribune Wisconsin: April 5 1960 Wisconsin Democratic presidential primary Wisconsin presidential no 1960 04 5 120x120px File:Jfk2 (3x4).jpg John F. Kennedy 81B5FF Massachusetts 476,024 56.48% File:38 Hubert Humphrey 3x4.jpg Hubert Humphrey FFA500 Minnesota 366,753 43.52% 200px County resultsKennedy: #86c1d8 Kennedy—50–60% #5baac9 Kennedy—60–70% #2c93bc Kennedy—70–80%Humphrey: #d0983e Humphrey—50–60%#bc7400 Humphrey—60–70% #a76700 Humphrey—70–80% The first sharply contested popular primary was in Wisconsin, where Kennedy faced Humphrey on April 5. Kennedy had begun building campaign operations in the state as early as June 1959, when he hired Jerry Bruno, the organizer behind William Proxmire's election to the Senate, and laid the groundwork for a campaign headquarters in Milwaukee.JFK, LBJ, and the Democratic Party Sean J. Savage 2004 978-0-7914-6169-3 State University of New York Press registration https://archive.org/details/jfklbjdemocratic00sava_0/page/52 Kennedy formally announced his intention to run in Wisconsin on January 21, intending to show popular support for his campaign.1960: LBJ Vs. JFK Vs. Nixon: the Epic Campaign that Forged Three Presidencies David Pietrusza 2008 Union Square Press 978-1-4027-6114-0 The wealthy Kennedy was far better funded than Humphrey, a man of relatively modest means.http://pages.shanti.virginia.edu/Kennedys_in_the_60s/jfk/public-view/ JFK and the Public View shanti.virginia.edu Kennedy was also supported by his wealthy and glamorous extended family and friends; in his memoirs, Humphrey later lamented that "Muriel and I and our 'plain folks' entourage were no match for the glamour of Jackie Kennedy and the other Kennedy women, for Peter Lawford ... and Frank Sinatra singing their commercial 'High Hopes'. Jack Kennedy brought family and Hollywood to Wisconsin. The people loved it and the press ate it up."Humphrey Hubert H. https://books.google.com/books?id=S57qnQEACAAJ Education of a Public Man: My Life and Politics Doubleday & Company 1976 978-0-8166-1897-2 207 Humphrey nevertheless believed that by beating Kennedy in Wisconsin, he could blunt the latter's momentum and overtake him in later primaries. In Wisconsin, Kennedy won with the support of Catholic voters, including some Republican Catholics who voted in the Democratic primary.Lawrence W.H.; 'Wisconsin Buoys Kennedy's Drive but Poses Perils: Senator's Feat in Outpolling Humphrey and Nixon Aids His Presidential Fight'; Special to The New York Times , April 7, 1960, p. 1Janson, Donald; 'Religion Big Factor In Kennedy Victory', Special to The New York Times, April 6, 1960, p. 1 Days before the primary, Kennedy said it had been the "toughest, closest, most meaningful".http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1960/04/03/page/1/article/press-wisconsin-campaign Press Wisconsin Campaign; Sen. Kennedy, Humphrey In Final Drive April 3, 1960 Chicago Tribune However, some observers found his margin of victory unexpectedly narrow and attributed it solely to Catholic support, while Protestants had backed Humphrey, leaving questions about Kennedy's ability to carry the convention or the election in the fall.Solberg Carl Hubert Humphrey: A Biography Borealis Books 1984 208 https://books.google.com/books?id=wzGabQcvDvcC&pg=PA206 0-87351-473-4 Humphrey remained in the race, setting up a second popular showdown in the more heavily Protestant state of West Virginia. The Wisconsin race was covered in the documentary film Primary. West Virginia: May 10 1960 West Virginia Democratic presidential primary West Virginia presidential no 1960 05 10 120x120px File:Jfk2 (3x4).jpg John F. Kennedy 81B5FF Massachusetts 236,510 60.85% File:38 Hubert Humphrey 3x4.jpg Hubert Humphrey FFA500 Minnesota 152,187 39.15% 200px County resultsKennedy: #86c1d8 Kennedy—50–60% #5baac9 Kennedy—60–70% #2c93bc Kennedy—70–80% #227494 Kennedy—80–90%Humphrey: #d0983e Humphrey—50–60% In West Virginia, Kennedy sought to show that he could win the support of Protestant voters and to remove Humphrey from the race, securing the party's liberal wing and setting up a showdown with Johnson for the nomination. Humphrey had high expectations, given that the state's population was rural, working class, ninety-five percent Protestant, and its delegates had backed him against Kennedy in the vice presidential contest four years prior.Solberg 1984 209 Kennedy met the religious issue head-on, hoping to redefine the race as one of "tolerance against intolerance," rather than Catholic against Protestant. His father also brought Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr. to campaign in the state;Mcquiston John T. Franklin Roosevelt Jr., 74, Ex-Congressman, Dies https://www.nytimes.com/1988/08/18/obituaries/franklin-roosevelt-jr-74-ex-congressman-dies.html August 13, 2016 The New York Times August 18, 1988 Roosevelt then raised the issue of Humphrey's failure to serve in World War II. Though Humphrey had tried and failed to serve due to physical disability,Flawed Giant: Lyndon Johnson and His Times, 1961–1973 Robert Dallek 256 978-0-19-505465-1 Oxford University Press 1998 https://archive.org/details/flawedgiantlyndo00dall/page/256 Roosevelt attacked his lack of service record, publicly telling audiences, "I don't know where [Humphrey] was in World War Two," and distributing flyers that accused him of draft dodging.Caro Robert Robert Caro The Years of Lyndon Johnson: The Passage of Power 85–86 3. Forging Chains Alfred A. Knopf New York 2012 After the primary was over, Roosevelt apologized to Humphrey and retracted the claims,Solberg 1984 209 which he later called his greatest political regret.Schlesinger Arthur M. Jr. Robert Kennedy and His Times New York Ballantine Books 1996 201 Kennedy continued to outspend Humphrey heavily in West Virginia; though he publicly claimed expenditures of $100,000, later estimates placed his family's overall spending at $1.5 million, dwarfing Humphrey's $23,000.Solberg 1984 210-11 Humphrey traveled the state in a rented bus, while the Kennedys used a family-owned airplane.http://www.wvculture.org/history/1960presidentialcampaign/article.html Battleground West Virginia Electing the President in 1960 Bryan Ward Jr. wvculture.org 26 Apr 2013 21 Apr 2023 12 Nov 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20121112055237/http://www.wvculture.org/history/1960presidentialcampaign/article.html Humphrey later wrote of the West Virginia campaign, "as a professional politician I was able to accept and indeed respect the efficacy of the Kennedy campaign. But underneath the beautiful exterior, there was an element of ruthlessness and toughness that I had trouble either accepting or forgetting."Humphrey 1976 208 On May 4, 1960, Humphrey and Kennedy took part in a televised one-on-one debate at WCHS-TV in Charleston, West Virginia, ahead of the state's primary.Berquist Goodwin F. Jr. The Kennedy-Humphrey debate https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01463376009385139?journalCode=rcqu19 Today's Speech 10 September 2020 2–31 10.1080/01463376009385139 1 September 1960 8 3 subscription Kennedy defeated Humphrey soundly in West Virginia, and Humphrey announced his withdrawal from the race that night. Convention Presidential nomination 1960 Democratic National Convention Presidential tally:Our Campaigns - US President - D Convention Race - Jul 11, 1960 John F. Kennedy: 806 (52.89%) Lyndon B. Johnson: 409 (26.84%) Stuart Symington: 86 (5.64%) Adlai Stevenson: 80 (5.25%) Robert B. Meyner: 43 (2.82%) Hubert Humphrey: 42 (2.76%) George Smathers: 30 (1.97%) Ross Barnett: 23 (1.51%) Herschel C. Loveless: 2 (0.13%) Pat Brown, Orval E. Faubus, Albert Dean Rosellini: each 1 vote Vice-presidential nomination 1960 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection Kennedy announced Lyndon B. Johnson as his choice of running-mate on the afternoon following his nomination.White Theodore The Making of the President 1960 1961 Giant Cardinal 212 Johnson was nominated by acclamation that evening.Lawrence W. H. Johnson is Nominated for Vice President; Kennedy Picks Him to Placate the South https://partners.nytimes.com/library/politics/camp/600715convention-dem-ra.html 11 September 2016 The New York Times July 15, 1960 See also 1960 Republican Party presidential primaries Notes References