1 Samuel 18

First Book of Samuel chapter 1 Samuel 18 1 Samuel 17 chapter 17 1 Samuel 19 chapter 19 First book of Samuel Old Testament 9 Nevi'im 3 Former Prophets Leningrad-codex-08-samuel.pdf 250px The pages containing the Books of Samuel (1 & 2 Samuel) in Leningrad Codex (1008 CE). 1 Samuel 18 is the eighteenth chapter of the First Book of Samuel in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible or the first part of the Books of Samuel in the Hebrew Bible.Halley 1965 182 According to Jewish tradition, the book was attributed to the prophet Samuel, with additions by the prophets Gad and Nathan,Hirsch Emil G. SAMUEL, BOOKS OF http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/13080-samuel-books-of www.jewishencyclopedia.com but modern scholars view it as a composition of a number of independent texts composed during 630 540 y.Knight 1995 62Jones 2007 197Garsiel Moshe The Book of Samuel: Its Composition, Structure and Significance as a Historiographical Source The Journal of Hebrew Scriptures 10 19 August 2011 1203-1542 10.5508/jhs.2010.v10.a5 https://jhsonline.org/index.php/jhs/article/view/11265 14 August 2026 freeUlrich Eugene 5.1 Textual History of Samuel referenceworks 17 March 2020 https://referenceworks.brill.com/display/entries/THBO/COM-0005010000.xml?language=en 14 August 2026 This chapter contains David's interaction with Saul and his children, in particular Jonathan and Michal.Jones 2007 209 This is within a section comprising 1 Samuel 16 to 2 Samuel 5, which records the rise of David as the king of Israel.Jones 2007 207 Text This chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language. It is divided into 30 verses. Textual witnesses Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008).Würthwein 1995 35-37 Fragments containing parts of this chapter in Hebrew were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls including 1Q7 (1QSam; 50 BCE) with extant verses 17–18Ulrich 2010 278Dead sea scrolls - 1 SamuelFitzmyer 2008 191Q7 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library and 4Q51 (4QSama; 100–50 BCE) with extant verses 4–5.Ulrich 2010 278Fitzmyer 2008 354Q51 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library Extant ancient manuscripts of a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint (originally was made in the last few centuries BCE) include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century) and Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century).Würthwein 1995 73-74The whole book of 1 Samuel is missing from the extant Codex Sinaiticus.Codex Sinaiticus Analysis Verses 1–5 of this chapter are a fitting conclusion to the account in 1 Samuel 17, as David was retained in the court (verse 2), elevated for military action (verse 5), and received general acclaim from the common people and the courtiers.Jones 2007 209 On top of that, Jonathan, Saul's oldest son, was attached to David in covenantal friendship, confirmed by Jonathan's handing over his clothes and armor to David (verse 4), symbolically transferring to David the right of succession and making David heir-apparent.Jones 2007 209 On the other hand, Saul became jealous of David, and their relationship developed into one of "respect and hatred, recognition and desire to kill"—a mixed attitude which was especially triggered when Saul heard the couplet (verse 7) giving the clear message that David would become king.Jones 2007 209 Saul feared David (verses 12, 15, & 29) as Saul acknowledged that God was with David, whereas God had abandoned Saul (verse 12).Jones 2007 209 Since then, a prominent theme appears in which Saul was thwarted in all his plans to hurt David, while for David each attempt became an opportunity to further his triumph (verses 14, 30).Jones 2007 209 Saul fears David (18:1–16) right|thumb|150px|"Saul Tries To Kill David" (1 Samuel 18:5-16); illustration from a Bible card published by the Providence Lithograph Company (1902). The last chapter ends with David talking to Saul and Abner, whereas at the beginning of this chapter it was clear that Jonathan, Saul's crown prince, was also present at the event, and once he had a chance to talk to David, he immediately befriended David.Evans 2018 200 Jonathan loved David (verse 1), similar to how Saul, his father, had loved David (1 Samuel 16:21), and the experiences of fighting the Philistines against great odds led to a revelation that Jonathan and David shared a kindred spirit.Evans 2018 200 After defeating Goliath, David was recognized as a brave man whom Saul wanted to keep in his service (1 Samuel 14:52). In later battles, David proved himself even more worthy, and the women who sang to celebrate these victories attributed more kills to David than to Saul (Exodus 15:20 and Judges 11:34).Evans 2018 200 Saul interpreted the supposedly non-partisan victory song in the worst possible sense and became suspicious that David would take over his throne (verse 9).Evans 2018 201 The next day, Saul was tormented by an "evil spirit of God", and he twice attempted to pin David to the wall with his spear, but David, who was playing music for Saul, managed to escape both times.Evans 2018 201 Next, Saul moved David from the position of the king's musician to be a commander of a thousand men and ordered him to face the Philistines, hoping that David would be killed by the enemies. But this backfired when David achieved great victories in battle, and all Israel began to love him (18:16).Evans 2018 201 Verse 3 Then Jonathan and David made a covenant, because he loved him as his own soul.1 Samuel 18:3 KJV "A covenant": that is, "solemnly entered into an agreement of perpetual friendship".Benson, Joseph. Commentary on the Old and New Testaments. 1 Samuel 18. Accessed 9 July 2019. "He loved him as his own soul": or could be rendered as "each loved the other as his own soul". David marries Michal (18:17–30) Saul's fear of David increased and affected his integrity as king: he took back his promise to give his first daughter, Merab, as David's wife, only to offer David his second daughter with additional conditions in order to get David killed by the Philistines (verse 25).Evans 2018 201 Jones 2007 209 David responded by saying that he was a "poor man": likely an allusion to another broken promise of Saul that the killer of Goliath would get riches from the king. (David confirmed the reward promise multiple times with different people, as documented in 1 Samuel 17:25, 27, & 30).Evans 2018 202 Saul misinterpreted David's response as a concern about not being able to pay the dowry for the marriage, so he announced a bride-price of a hundred Philistine foreskins.Evans 2018 202 David decided to accept the challenge, but perhaps due to Saul's "double-dealing ways," David presented double the amount of foreskins and had the "full numbers" counted before Saul (verse 27), so Saul had to keep his word to give Michal, his daughter, to David as wife.Evans 2018 202 Having David as his son-in-law made Saul fear David even more, whereas it tremendously increased David's fame (verse 29–30).Evans 2018 202 Verse 20 And Michal Saul's daughter loved David: and they told Saul, and the thing pleased him.1 Samuel 18:20 KJV "Michal Saul's daughter loved David" (repeated in verse 28): the only time a woman is described as loving a man in the Bible.Exum, J. Cheryl, "Michal": Bible. The Shalvi/Hyman Encyclopedia of Jewish Women. Accessed on December 27, 2021 See also 22em Adriel the Meholathite Demon Merab Michal Tabret Tribe of Judah Bible Related Bible parts: 1 Samuel 16, 1 Samuel 17 Notes References Sources Commentaries on Samuel Auld Graeme 1 & 2 Samuel https://books.google.com/books?id=2Vo-11umIZQC&pg=PA213 James D. G. Dunn and John William Rogerson Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible Eerdmans 2003 9780802837110 Bergen David T. 1, 2 Samuel https://books.google.com/books?id=eGT6fWsajqcC B&H Publishing Group 1996 9780805401073 Chapman Stephen B. 1 Samuel as Christian Scripture: A Theological Commentary Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company 2016 978-1467445160 https://books.google.com/books?id=kS4XDAAAQBAJ Evans Paul 1-2 Samuel The Story of God Bible Commentary Tremper Longman Zondervan Academic 2018 978-0310490944 https://books.google.com/books?id=Uy8-DwAAQBAJ Gordon Robert I & II Samuel, A Commentary https://books.google.com/books?id=JMJ1ZAnswuUC&dq=I+%26+II+Samuel:+a+commentary+Gordon&pg=PA338 Paternoster Press 1986 9780310230229 Hertzberg Hans Wilhelm I & II Samuel, A Commentary https://books.google.com/books?id=friNN7IdjOIC&q=Saul+appointed+anointed+instituted&pg=PA19 Westminster John Knox Press 1964 trans. from German 2nd edition 1960 978-0664223182 19 Tsumura David Toshio The First Book of Samuel https://books.google.com/books?id=iLKAlhLDkMwC Eerdmans 2007 9780802823595 General Breytenbach Andries Past, Present, Future: the Deuteronomistic History and the Prophets Brill 2000 Who Is Behind The Samuel Narrative? https://books.google.com/books?id=uP22QHpnKq8C&dq=Breytenbach+Who+is+behind+the+Samuel+narrative&pg=PA50 Johannes Cornelis de Moor and H.F. Van Rooy 9789004118713 Coogan Michael David Michael D. Coogan The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, Issue 48 Coogan Michael David Marc Zvi Brettler Carol Ann Newsom Pheme Perkins Augmented 3rd Oxford University Press 2007 978-0195288810 https://books.google.com/books?id=HmpMPgAACAAJ Fitzmyer Joseph A. Joseph Fitzmyer A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company https://books.google.com/books?id=TILXeWJ2eNAC 2008 9780802862419 Grand Rapids, MI Halley Henry H. Henry Hampton Halley Halley's Bible Handbook: an abbreviated Bible commentary 24th (revised) Zondervan Publishing House 1965 https://archive.org/details/halleysbiblehand00henr registration 0-310-25720-4 Hayes Christine Introduction to the Bible Yale University Press 2015 https://books.google.com/books?id=SKbkXYHxvlAC 978-0300188271 Jones Gwilym H. 12. 1 and 2 Samuel The Oxford Bible Commentary John Barton John Barton (theologian) John Muddiman John Muddiman Oxford University Press first (paperback) 2007 196–232 978-0199277186 https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ February 6, 2019 Klein R.W. Samuel, books of https://books.google.com/books?id=6OJvO2jMCr8C Bromiley, Geoffrey W The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia Eerdmans 2003 9780802837844 Knight Douglas A https://books.google.com/books?id=SNLN1nEEys0C&q=630+BCE&pg=PA62 James Luther Mays, David L. Petersen and Kent Harold Richards Chapter 4 Deuteronomy and the Deuteronomists Old Testament Interpretation T&T Clark 1995 9780567292896 Ulrich Eugene The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants 2010 Brill https://archive.org/details/TheBiblicalQumranScrolls Würthwein Ernst Ernst Würthwein The Text of the Old Testament Wm. B. Eerdmans Grand Rapids, MI 1995 Erroll F. Rhodes 0-8028-0788-7 https://books.google.com/books?id=FSNKSBObCYwC January 26, 2019 External links Jewish translations: Shmuel I - I Samuel - Chapter 18 (Judaica Press). Hebrew text and English translation [with Rashi's commentary] at Chabad.org Christian translations: Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English) 1 Samuel chapter 18. Bible Gateway 18 Category:Saul Category:David