1348 Eastern Alps earthquake

Earthquake in northeastern Italy May 2024 1348 Friuli earthquake yes 25 January 1348 Alps 6.63 ± 0.10 w yesRovida A. Locati M. Camassi R. Lolli B. Gasperini P. Antonucci A. 2022 1348 January 25 Alpi Giulie https://emidius.mi.ingv.it/CPTI15-DBMI15/query_eq/ 16 March 2025 Italian Parametric Earthquake Catalogue (CPTI15), version 4.0 [Data set] Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) 10.13127/cpti/cpti15.4 46.504 13.581 inline,title Italy (Friuli-Venezia Giulia) Austria (Carinthia) X 10,000 Thrust The 1348 Friuli earthquake, centered in the South Alpine region of Friuli, was felt across Europe on 25 January. The earthquake hit in the same year that the Great Plague ravaged Italy. According to contemporary sources, it caused considerable damage to structures; churches and houses collapsed and villages were destroyed. Tectonic setting The Friuli region is located in an area of complex geological structure where the WSW-ENE trending thrust belt of the Southern Alps overlaps with the NW-SE trending thrust belt of the Dinaric Alps as a result of the continuing convergence between the Adriatic and Eurasian plates. It has been suggested that the 1348 event was a result of movement on part of the Periadriatic thrust.Galadini F. Poli M.E. Zanferrari A. Seismogenic sources potentially responsible for earthquakes with M ≥ 6 in the eastern Southern Alps (Thiene-Udine sector, NE Italy) 2005 Geophysical Journal International 161 3 739–762 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02571.x free 2005GeoJI.161..739G Impact section January 2017 The epicenter was located east of Tolmezzo, Venzone and Gemona, with a seismic intensity of eight to nine according to the European Macroseismic Scale (approximately measured 6.9 on the Richter scale). Most of the damage reported was in Northern Italy, in the present-day Friuli-Venezia Giulia region, in the adjacent provinces of Belluno, Vicenza and Verona up to Lombardy and Venice, as well as in Carinthia Rohr Christian May 2003 Man and natural disaster in the Late Middle Ages: The Earthquake in Carinthia and Northern Italy on 25 January 1348 and its Perception Environment and History Cambridge, UK White Horse Press 9 2 127–149 1752-7023 20723281 45739177 10.3197/096734003129342791 http://www.environmentandsociety.org/node/3151 and Carniola (in today's Slovenia) to the north and east. Aftershocks occurred until 5 March. thumb|left|Rockslide area above Villach Striking in the early afternoon, the earthquake caused hundreds of casualties and destroyed numerous buildings. In Udine, the castle and the cathedral were severely damaged. In Carinthia, the town of Villach and numerous surrounding villages were largely destroyed by a major landslide followed by a flood of the Gail River. Even in Rome the earthquake allegedly took a toll: considerable damage was sustained by the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore; in the Torre delle Milizie, an upper floor crumbled, and the structure assumed the slight tilt it retains today. The sixth-century basilica of Santi Apostoli was so utterly ruined that it was left in an abandoned state for a generation. The earthquake coincided with the beginning of the Black Death in Europe; in contemporary minds the two disasters were connected, as acts of God, but accepted as something both tremendous and unexpected, and yet which also belonged to daily life. The historian of medicine A. G. Carmichael observes, "The earthquake of 25 January 1348 is likely to have fuelled and focused specifically apocalyptical fears more than plague did."Carmichael Ann G January 2008 Universal and Particular: The Language of Plague, 1348–1500 Medical History London, UK Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine provided by Cambridge University Press 52 Supplement S27 17–52 699570464 10.1017/S0025727300072070 2630032 18575080 The only explicit reference to the earthquake as an omen of the end of the world comes in the chronicle of Giovanni Villani. Guglielmo Cortusi of Padua, as well as the bankers of Udine, saw it as a memento mori and a sign to repent, but not of imminent apocalypse. The earthquake figured in the diary of the German nun Christina Ebner, and was reported in numerous city and abbey chronicles, which have given modern historians opportunities of making the "Friuli event" one of the most thoroughly studied medieval earthquakes. See also List of earthquakes in Italy List of historical earthquakes 1511 Idrija earthquake Notes Significant Earthquake Information https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/536 National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS) National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA 10.7289/V5TD9V7K 1972 Data Set Further reading Arno Borst Das Erdbeben von 1348: Ein historischer Beitrag zur Katastrophenforschung The earthquake of 1348: A historic contribution to disaster research de Historische Zeitschrift 233 3 December 1981 529–569 Munich, Germany Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag 0018-2613 256491978 27622527 10.1524/hzhz.1981.233.jg.529 164347099 Hammerl Christa The earthquake of January 25, 1348: Reconstruction of a natural occurrence 1997 Based on: Das Erdbeben vom 25. Jänner 1348. Rekonstruktion des Naturereignisses Hammerl Christa Neues aus Alt-Villach Museum der Stadt Villach Villach, Austria 0258-8382 31 1994 55–94 231039621 34621212 Seismological interpretation of the South Alpine earthquake of January 25th, 1348 Gutdeutsch R. Lenhardt W. 9–14 September 1996 Thorkelsson Bardi 25th ESC General Assembly, Reykjavik, Iceland, 1996 Seismology in Europe : papers presented at the XXV General Assembly http://www.esc-web.org/the-esc-general-assembly/121-reykjavik-september-1996.html European Seismological Commission Iceland Meteorological Office Reykjavik, Iceland 60146813 730947480 837306822 997960235X External links Page on the 1348 Friuli earthquake from the CFTI5 Catalogue of Strong Earthquakes in Italy (461 BC – 1997) and Mediterranean Area (760 BC – 1500) Guidoboni E., Ferrari G., Mariotti D., Comastri A., Tarabusi G., Sgattoni G., Valensise G. (2018) (in Italian) Category:14th-century earthquakes 1348 Friuli earthquake Category:1348 in Europe Category:1340s in the Holy Roman Empire Category:14th century in Italy Category:Friuli