1 Samuel 11

First Book of Samuel chapter 1 Samuel 11 1 Samuel 10 chapter 10 1 Samuel 12 chapter 12 First book of Samuel Old Testament 9 Nevi'im 3 Former Prophets Leningrad-codex-08-samuel.pdf 250px The pages containing the Books of Samuel (1 & 2 Samuel) in Leningrad Codex (1008 CE). 1 Samuel 11 is the eleventh chapter of the First Book of Samuel in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible or the first part of the Books of Samuel in the Hebrew Bible.Halley 1965 181 According to Jewish tradition the book was attributed to the prophet Samuel, with additions by the prophets Gad and Nathan,Hirsch Emil G. SAMUEL, BOOKS OF http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/13080-samuel-books-of www.jewishencyclopedia.com but modern scholars view it as a composition of a number of independent texts of various ages from c. 630–540 BCE.Knight 1995 62Jones 2007 197 This chapter describes Saul obliterating the army of Nahash king of Ammon and liberating Jabesh-Gilead, thereby convincing the people about his ability to lead, and causing them to appoint him king.Coogan 2007 415 Hebrew Bible This is within a section comprising 1 Samuel 7–15 which records the rise of the monarchy in Israel and the account of the first years of King Saul.Jones 2007 203 Text This chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language. It is divided into 15 verses. Textual witnesses Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008).Würthwein 1995 35-37 Fragments containing parts of this chapter in Hebrew were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls including 4Q51 (4QSama; 100–50 BCE) with extant verses 1–2, 7–12.Ulrich 2010 271–272Dead sea scrolls – 1 SamuelFitzmyer 2008 354Q51 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library Extant ancient manuscripts of a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint (originally was made in the last few centuries BCE) include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century) and Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century).Würthwein 1995 73-74The whole book of 1 Samuel is missing from the extant Codex Sinaiticus.Codex Sinaiticus Places Israel 240 right Ancient Israel Places mentioned in this chapter Israel 31.885278 35.216389 Red pog.svg 6 Mizpah 100 top Israel 32.398983 35.595106 Blue pog.svg 6 Jabesh-Gilead 100 top Israel 32.033 35.4757 Blue pog.svg 6 Gilgal 100 right Israel 31.823333 35.231111 Blue pog.svg 6 Gibeah 100 right Israel 31.5 35.3 Blue pog.svg 1 Dead Sea 100 right Israel 33 34 Red pog.svg 1 Mediterranean Sea 100 right Gibeah Gilgal Jabesh-Gilead The threat of the Ammonites (11:1–3) For this narrative, 4QSama (among the Dead Sea Scrolls; from first century BCE) and the writings of Josephus from the first century CE, provide background information that Nahash, king of the Ammonites, had subdued Israel's Transjordanian tribes (Gadites and Reubenites) and gouged out the right eyes of his captives (cf. 11:2 for explanation), but 7000 Israelites escaped and hid in Jabesh-Gilead, so now Nahash came to threaten the city.Evans 2018 126 Significantly, Jabesh-Gilead was the only town that had previously refused the call to arms (Judges 21), so now their chance of receiving help from the other Israelite tribes was slim, and that's probably why Nahash allowed them seven days to send messengers to try asking.Evans 2018 127 Due to their prior refusal to join the call to arms, the people of Jabesh-Gilead were slaughtered by the other tribes, except for 400 virgin girls who were left alive and given to be the wives of the survivors of the tribe of Benjamin (among 600 men) who had escaped a separate slaughter by the Israelite tribes. Thus, if it were not for the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead, the tribe of Benjamin would have been annihilated.Evans 2018 127 Verse 1 Then Nahash the Ammonite came up and encamped against Jabesh Gilead; and all the men of Jabesh said to Nahash, "Make a covenant with us, and we will serve you.""1 Samuel 11:1 NKJV NKJV "Encamped": or "besieged".Note on 1 Samuel 11:1 in NKJV "Nahash king of Ammon": this name means "serpent" in Hebrew.Note [b] on 1 Samuel 11:1 in NET Bible Prior to the first word "Then..." 4QSama and Greek Septuagint texts have a phrase: "about a month later".Coogan 2007 415 Hebrew Bible Prior to the whole verse, 4QSama and Josephus (Antiquities 6.5.1. [68-71])Josephus. Antiquities of the Jews, Book VI, chapter 5, section 1. attest to an addition which explains Nahash's practice of enemy mutilation, and by so doing provides a smoother transition to the following paragraph than is found in the Masoretic Text,Note [a] on 1 Samuel 11:1 in NET Bible or Greek Septuagint manuscripts.Evans 2018 126 NRSV renders it as verse 10:27b as follows: "Now Nahash, king of the Ammonites, had been grievously oppressing the Gadites and the Reubenites. He would gouge out the right eye of each of them and would not grant Israel a deliverer. No one was left of the Israelites across the Jordan whose right eye Nahash, king of the Ammonites, had not gouged out. But there were 7,000 men who had escaped from the Ammonites and had entered Jabesh Gilead. About a month later, Nahash the Ammonite went up and besieged Jabesh Gilead."Coogan 2007 415 Hebrew Bible The variations may be explained as scribal errors due to homeoteleuton, in which case the scribe jumps from one word to another word with a similar ending later in the text. Comparing to the reading in 4QSama, NET Bible suggests that the scribe of the MT may have skipped from the phrase he ויהי כמחרישׁ, he vayehi kemakharish, at the end of 1 Samuel 10:27, which should possibly be he ויהי כמו חרשׁ, he vayehi kemo kheresh, and picked up after the phrase he ויהי כמו חדשׁ, he vayehi kemo khodesh, "it happened about a month later...". 4QSama also contains a case of homeoteleuton in this passage, that the scribe first skipped from one case of he גלעד, he Gilʿad, "Gilead", to another, then inserted the missing 10 words between the lines of the 4QSama text. The fact that the scribe made this type of mistake and was able to make corrections indicates that the person was copying from a source that had these verses in it. Moreover, the 4QSama text first introduces Nahash with his full title, as the king of the Ammonites, which is considered the usual style.E. Tov, Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible, 2nd rev. ed. [Fortress Press, 2001] 342-344, P. K. McCarter, I Samuel (AB), 199, and R. W. Klein, 1 Samuel (WBC), 103. Apud NET Bible Verse 2 And Nahash the Ammonite answered them, "On this condition I will make a covenant with you, that I may put out all your right eyes, and bring reproach on all Israel."1 Samuel 11:2 NKJV NKJV "Put out...right eyes": Josephus explains that without one's right eye and when the left eye was covered by a war shield, a soldier might be wholly useless in war. Saul defeated the Ammonites and rescued Jabesh Gilead (11:4–15) When the messengers from Jabesh Gilead reached Saul's hometown, Gibeah, Saul was working as a farmer and only heard about the situation second hand, after witnessing the townpeople publicly weeping over the news.Evans 2018 127 Unlike others, Saul became angry after hearing the message, and it is said that it was God's spirit who brought on his anger (11:6; cf. Judges 3:10; 6:34; 11:29; 13:25; especially Samson in 14:6, 19; 15:14).Evans 2018 127Jones 2007 205 The way Saul called the people to arms was by dismembering a pair of his oxen ("a yoke of oxen") and sending the pieces to all places in the territory of Israel (cf. Judges 19:29–30), with a message that the people who refused to respond would have a fate like that of the oxen.Jones 2007 205 Saul's strategy and eventual victory was similar to that of former judges: by dividing the forces (cf. Judges 7) to surround the enemy camp and attacking in an early morning, but the attribution of the victory was to YHWH (verse 12).Jones 2007 205 The victory proves Saul's worthiness of the kingship contrary to the words of his opponents (10:26), but those critics were spared according to Saul's own wish and Saul was acclaimed king once more at Gilgal.Jones 2007 205 Verse 15 And all the people went to Gilgal; and there they made Saul king before the LORD in Gilgal; and there they sacrificed sacrifices of peace offerings before the LORD; and there Saul and all the men of Israel rejoiced greatly.1 Samuel 11:15 KJV KJV "And there they made Saul king": The Septuagint reads, "and Samuel anointed Saul king there," which is not improbable, as later David also had his original anointing by Samuel in front of his family (1 Samuel 16:12-13), then was twice publicly anointed, first as king of Judah (2 Samuel 2:4), and again as king over all Israel (2 Samuel 5:3), but this may be included in the word "made king" in Masoretic Text (see 1 Samuel 12:3, 1 Samuel 12:5).Barnes, Albert. Notes on the Bible – 1 Samuel 11. James Murphy (ed). London: Blackie & Son, 1884. Reprint, Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1998. Josephus records that it was Samuel who suggested the second ordination in Gilgal and anointed Saul there with the 'holy oil'.Josephus wrote: "Samuel had told them that he ought to confirm the kingdom to Saul by a second ordination of him, they all came together to the city of Gilgal, for thither did he command them to come. So the prophet anointed Saul with the holy oil in the sight of the multitude, and declared him to be king the second time." (Antiquities of the Jews, book 6, chapter 5, section 4) See also 22em Ammonites Bezek Children of Israel Spirit of the Lord Tribes of Israel Tribe of Judah Bible Related Bible parts: Judges 21, 1 Samuel 8, 1 Samuel 9, 1 Samuel 10 Notes References Sources Commentaries on Samuel Auld Graeme 1 & 2 Samuel https://books.google.com/books?id=2Vo-11umIZQC&pg=PA213 James D. G. Dunn and John William Rogerson Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible Eerdmans 2003 978-0-8028-3711-0 Bergen David T. 1, 2 Samuel https://books.google.com/books?id=eGT6fWsajqcC B&H Publishing Group 1996 978-0-8054-0107-3 Chapman Stephen B. 1 Samuel as Christian Scripture: A Theological Commentary Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company 2016 978-1-4674-4516-0 https://books.google.com/books?id=kS4XDAAAQBAJ Evans Paul 1-2 Samuel The Story of God Bible Commentary Tremper Longman Zondervan Academic 2018 978-0-310-49094-4 https://books.google.com/books?id=Uy8-DwAAQBAJ Gordon Robert I & II Samuel, A Commentary https://books.google.com/books?id=JMJ1ZAnswuUC&dq=I+%26+II+Samuel:+a+commentary+Gordon&pg=PA338 Paternoster Press 1986 978-0-310-23022-9 Hertzberg Hans Wilhelm I & II Samuel, A Commentary https://books.google.com/books?id=friNN7IdjOIC&q=Saul+appointed+anointed+instituted&pg=PA19 Westminster John Knox Press 1964 trans. from German 2nd edition 1960 978-0-664-22318-2 19 Tsumura David Toshio The First Book of Samuel https://books.google.com/books?id=iLKAlhLDkMwC Eerdmans 2007 978-0-8028-2359-5 General Breytenbach Andries Past, Present, Future: the Deuteronomistic History and the Prophets Brill 2000 Who Is Behind The Samuel Narrative? https://books.google.com/books?id=uP22QHpnKq8C&dq=Breytenbach+Who+is+behind+the+Samuel+narrative&pg=PA50 Johannes Cornelis de Moor and H.F. Van Rooy 9789004118713 Coogan Michael David Michael D. Coogan The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, Issue 48 Coogan Michael David Marc Zvi Brettler Carol Ann Newsom Pheme Perkins Augmented 3rd Oxford University Press 2007 978-0-19-528881-0 https://books.google.com/books?id=HmpMPgAACAAJ Fitzmyer Joseph A. Joseph Fitzmyer A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company https://books.google.com/books?id=TILXeWJ2eNAC 2008 978-0-8028-6241-9 Grand Rapids, MI Halley Henry H. Henry Hampton Halley Halley's Bible Handbook: an abbreviated Bible commentary 24th (revised) Zondervan Publishing House 1965 https://archive.org/details/halleysbiblehand00henr registration 0-310-25720-4 Hayes Christine Introduction to the Bible Yale University Press 2015 https://books.google.com/books?id=SKbkXYHxvlAC 978-0-300-18827-1 Jones Gwilym H. 12. 1 and 2 Samuel The Oxford Bible Commentary John Barton John Barton (theologian) John Muddiman John Muddiman Oxford University Press first (paperback) 2007 196–232 978-0-19-927718-6 https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ February 6, 2019 Klein R.W. Samuel, books of https://books.google.com/books?id=6OJvO2jMCr8C Bromiley, Geoffrey W The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia Eerdmans 2003 978-0-8028-3784-4 Knight Douglas A https://books.google.com/books?id=SNLN1nEEys0C&q=630+BCE&pg=PA62 James Luther Mays, David L. Petersen and Kent Harold Richards Chapter 4 Deuteronomy and the Deuteronomists Old Testament Interpretation T&T Clark 1995 978-0-567-29289-6 Ulrich Eugene The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants 2010 Brill https://archive.org/details/TheBiblicalQumranScrolls Würthwein Ernst Ernst Würthwein The Text of the Old Testament Wm. B. Eerdmans Grand Rapids, MI 1995 Erroll F. Rhodes 0-8028-0788-7 https://books.google.com/books?id=FSNKSBObCYwC January 26, 2019 External links Jewish translations: Shmuel I – I Samuel – Chapter 11 (Judaica Press). Hebrew text and English translation [with Rashi's commentary] at Chabad.org Christian translations: Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English) 1 Samuel chapter 11. Bible Gateway 11 Category:Saul Category:Ammon