1903 in Italy

none 1903 The following events occurred in the year 1903 in Italy. Kingdom of Italy Monarch – Victor Emmanuel III (1900–1946) Prime Minister – Giuseppe Zanardelli (1901–1903) Giovanni Giolitti (1903–1905) Population – 33,004,000 Events thumb|Giovanni Giolitti The year is marked by the return of Giovanni Giolitti as Prime Minister. He will dominate Italian politics until World War I, a period known as the Giolittian Era in which Italy experienced an industrial expansion, the rise of organised labour and the emergence of an active Catholic political movement.Sarti, Italy: a reference guide from the Renaissance to the present, pp. 46–48 February February 13 – Venezuelan crisis. After agreeing to arbitration in Washington, Britain, Germany and Italy reach a settlement with Venezuela, resulting in the Washington Protocols. The naval blockade that began in December 1902 will be lifted, and Venezuela commit 30% of its customs duties to settling claims. May May 31 – Law no. 254 is passed on aimed at improving living conditions for workers and to control housing speculation, with the establishment of a Public Housing Institute (Istituto per la Case Popolari). The law was also known as the Luzzatti law, since it was introduced by the deputy Luigi Luzzatti, a member of the opposition at that time.Mazzola (2016), The sustainable city is possible, p. 52 June June 13 – Prime Minister Giuseppe Zanardelli resigns after losing a vote in the Italian Chamber of Deputies. However, after several attempts the Cabinet is reconstructed. The Interior Minister Giovanni Giolitti resigns and is replaced.Work On Italian Cabinet; Premier Zanardelli Tries in Vain to Get Strengthening Material, The New York Times, June 21, 1903Seton-Watson, Italy from liberalism to fascism, 1870–1925, p. 242 July thumb|Pope Pius X in 1903 July 20 – The 93-year-old Pope Leo XIII dies of pneumonia, followed by hemorrhagic pleurisy. He is remembered for his 1891 encyclical Rerum novarum, in which he outlined the rights of workers to a fair wage, safe working conditions, and the formation of trade unions, while affirming the rights to property and free enterprise, opposing both atheistic socialism and laissez-faire capitalism. July 31 – Start of the Papal conclave after the death of Pope Leo XIII. Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto was elected on August 4 as Pope Pius X. Pius X's papacy would feature vigorous condemnation of what he termed 'modernists' and 'relativists' whom he regarded as dangers to the Catholic faith (see for example his Oath Against Modernism). October October 12-17 – Visit of King Victor Emmanuel III and the Queen of Italy to Paris, accompanied by the Italian Foreign Minister Tommaso Tittoni, to mark the rapprochement between Italy and France, which could seriously affect the Triple Alliance.Italian King's Journey; Paris Preparing a Hearty Welcome for Victor Emmanuel, The New York Times, October 11, 1903 October 21 – Due to ill health Prime Minister Giuseppe Zanardelli resigns.Italian Cabinet Resigns; Its Action Not the Result of the Political Situation but of the Premier's Failing Health, The New York Times, October 22, 1903 He dies two months later. November November 3 – Giovanni Giolitti forms his second government that would last until 12 March 1905.New Italian Cabinet; Signor Luzzatti, the Minister of the Treasury, a Friend of the United States, The New York Times, November 4, 1903 Giolitti tried to sign an alliance with the Italian Socialist Party, which was growing fast in the popular vote, but did not succeed. He strongly opposed the repression of labour union strikes. According to him, the government had to act as a mediator between entrepreneurs and workers. Births January 9 – Gioacchino Colombo, Italian automobile engine designer for Alfa Romeo and Ferrari (d. 1988) February 16 – Beniamino Segre, Italian mathematician (d. 1977) February 26 – Giulio Natta, Italian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1979)The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963 https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1963/natta/facts/ NobelPrize.org 25 February 2022 March 18 – Galeazzo Ciano, Italian diplomat and Foreign Minister of Fascist Italy 1936–1943 (d. 1944) March 20 – Maria Giuseppa Robucci, Italian supercentenarian (d. 2019) July 14 – Corrado Bafile, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 2005) July 16 – Adalberto Libera, Italian Modernist architect (d. 1963) September 13 – Leopoldo Rubinacci, Italian politician, lawyer and trade unionist (d. 1969) Deaths June 10 – Luigi Cremona, Italian mathematician (b. 1830) July 20 – Pope Leo XIII, Italian Roman Catholic Pope (b. 1810) December 26 – Giuseppe Zanardelli, Italian politician and Prime Minister (b. 1826)https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1903/12/27/105071559.pdf Signor Zanardelli dead. Ex-Premier of Italy Was Seventy-four Years Old — A Leader in Italy's Struggle Against Austria. 27 December 1903 The New York Times 27 November 2021 References Mazzola, Ettore Maria (2016). The sustainable city is possible: A possible strategy for recovering urban quality and local economies. Rome: Gangemi Editore 978-88-492-9172-8 Sarti, Roland (2004). Italy: a reference guide from the Renaissance to the present, New York: Facts on File Inc., 0-81607-474-7 Seton-Watson Christopher Christopher Seton-Watson Italy from liberalism to fascism, 1870–1925 1967 London Methuen & Co Ltd https://archive.org/details/italyfromliberal0000seto 0-416-18940-7 External links 1903 Italy Category:Years of the 20th century in Italy