1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries

Selection of the Democratic Party nominee June 2025 1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries United States primary no 1984 Democratic Party presidential primaries 1984 February 8 to June 14, 1988 1992 Democratic Party presidential primaries 1992 4,105 delegates to the Democratic National Convention 2,053 (majority) FAA61A File:Michael Dukakis 1988 DNC (2).jpg 150x150px Michael Dukakis Massachusetts 1,726.5 30 9,705,590 42.17% File:Jesse Jackson For President Crop.jpg Jesse Jackson CC66FF South Carolina 1,056 13 6,732,778 29.26% File:Al Gore Senate portrait (cropped2).jpg Al Gore 22AC6F Tennessee 375 7 3,124,278 13.58% File:Senator Paul Simon (3x4).jpg Paul Simon 0087DC Illinois 147 1 1,078,112 4.68% File:Dick Gephardt portrait (tighter crop).jpg Dick Gephardt 80461B Missouri 126 3 1,432,080 6.22% 450px First place by initial contest result 450px First place by initial pledged delegate allocation 450px First place by convention roll call 1 #FAA61A Michael Dukakis 1 #0087DC Paul Simon 1 #CC66FF Jesse Jackson 1 #80461B Richard Gephardt 1 #22AC6F Al Gore 1 #DDDDBB Uncommitted 1 Democratic nominee Walter Mondale Michael Dukakis From February 8 to June 14, 1988, voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for president in the 1988 United States presidential election. Massachusetts governor Michael Dukakis was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1988 Democratic National Convention held from July 18 to July 21, 1988, in Atlanta, Georgia. Background Having been badly defeated in the 1984 presidential election, the Democrats in 1985 and 1986 were eager to find a new approach to win the presidency. They created the Democratic Leadership Council (DLC), with the aim of recruiting a candidate for the 1988 election.March 2020 The large gains in the 1986 mid-term elections (which resulted in the Democrats taking back control of the Senate after six years of Republican rule) and the continuing Iran–Contra affair gave Democrats confidence in the run-up to the primary season.March 2020 Pre-primary events The Hart-Rice affair The Democratic front-runner for most of 1987 was former Colorado Senator Gary Hart.John Dillin for The Christian Science Monitor. 23 February 1987 Cuomo's `no' opens door for dark horses Hart had made a strong showing in the 1984 primaries and, after Mondale's defeat in the presidential election, had positioned himself as the moderate centrist many Democrats felt their party would need to win.E. J. Dionne Jr. https://www.nytimes.com/1987/04/14/us/hart-stressing-ideals-formally-enters-the-1988-race.html Gary Hart The Elusive Front-Runner May 3, 1987 The New York Times, pg. SM28 However, questions and rumors about possible extramarital affairs and about past debts dogged Hart's campaign. One of the great myths is that Senator Hart challenged the media to "put a tail" on him and that reporters then took him up on that challenge. In fact, Hart had told E. J. Dionne of The New York Times that if reporters followed him around, they would "be bored". However, in a separate investigation, the Miami Herald claimed to have received an anonymous tip from a friend of Donna Rice that Rice was involved with Hart. It was only after Hart had been discovered that the Herald reporters found Hart's quote in a pre-print of The New York Times Magazine.May 10, 1987 The Gary Hart Story: How It Happened. http://www.unc.edu/~pmeyer/Hart/hartarticle.html The Miami Herald November 20, 2014 August 24, 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140824160635/http://www.unc.edu/~pmeyer/Hart/hartarticle.html dead On May 8, 1987, a week after the Donna Rice story broke, Hart dropped out of the race.https://www.nytimes.com/1987/05/09/us/courting-danger-the-fall-of-gary-hart.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm Courting Danger: The Fall Of Gary Hart The New York Times 1987-05-09 David Johnston Wayne King Jon Nordheimer In December 1987, Hart surprised many political pundits by resuming his presidential campaign.Bob Drogin for the Los Angeles Times. 16 December 1987 Hart Back in Race for President : Political World Stunned, Gives Him Little Chance He again led in the polls for the Democratic nomination, both nationally and in Iowa. However, the allegations of adultery and reports of irregularities in his campaign financing had delivered a fatal blow to his candidacy, and he fared poorly in the early primaries before dropping out again.Associated Press, in the Los Angeles Times. 13 March 1988 Quits Campaign : 'The People 'Have Decided,' Hart Declares The Hart scandal would later be depicted in the 2018 film The Front Runner, with Hugh Jackman portraying Hart. Biden plagiarism scandals Joe Biden 1988 presidential campaign Delaware Senator Joe Biden led a highly competitive campaign which ended in controversy after he was accused of plagiarizing a speech by Neil Kinnock, then-leader of the British Labour Party.Biden Is Facing Growing Debate On His Speeches September 16, 1987 The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/16/us/biden-is-facing-growing-debate-on-his-speeches.html Though Biden had correctly credited the original author in all speeches but one, the one of which he failed to make mention of the originator was caught on video and sent to the press by members of the Dukakis campaign. In the video Biden is filmed repeating a stump speech by Kinnock, with only minor modifications. Michael Dukakis later acknowledged that his campaign was responsible for leaking the tape, and two members of his staff resigned.https://www.politico.com/news/2021/01/19/joe-biden-1988-campaign-redemption-460332 They failed spectacularly in '88. Now, these Biden aides are getting sweet redemption. Thompson Alex Pager Tyler January 19, 2021 Politico It was also reported that Biden had been guilty of plagiarism years before, while a student at the Syracuse University College of Law in the 1960s. Though Biden professed his integrity, the impression lingering in the media as the result of this double punch would lead him to drop out of the race. He formally suspended his campaign on September 28, 1987. The Delaware Supreme Court's Board on Professional Responsibility would later clear Biden of the law school plagiarism charges.Professional Board Clears Biden In Two Allegations of Plagiarism 29 The New York Times May 29, 1989 https://www.nytimes.com/1989/05/29/us/professional-board-clears-biden-in-two-allegations-of-plagiarism.html After campaigns in 2008 and 2020, Biden was elected the 47th vice president in 2008 and 2012 and the 46th president in 2020. Overview width:1000 height:250 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:25 right:10 left:10 AlignBars = early Colors = id:canvas value:gray(0.9) id:lightline value:gray(0.8) id:darkline value:gray(0.3) id:Active value:rgb(0.96,0,0) # Active campaign id:Planning value:Yellow # Exploratory committee id:Withdrawn value:rgb(0.70,0.30,0.30) # Withdrawn candidate id:State value:blue Link to more colors: http://ploticus.sourceforge.net/doc/color.html Define $today = DateFormat = mm/dd/yyyy Period = from:11/01/1986 till:08/20/1988 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightline unit:month increment:1 start:11/01/1986 ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkline unit:year increment:1 start:11/01/1986 Backgroundcolors = canvas:canvas BarData = bar:Dukakis bar:Jackson bar:Gore bar:Simon bar:Gephardt bar:Hart bar:Babbitt bar:Biden bar:Shroeder PlotData= width:15 fontsize:S textcolor:black anchor:till shift:(10,-4) bar:Dukakis from:03/16/1987 till:04/29/1987 color:Planning from:04/29/1987 till:07/21/1988 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at:02/18/1988 width:0.9 color:orange layer:front at:02/27/1988 width:0.9 color:orange layer:front at:04/14/1988 width:0.9 color:orange layer:front at:04/16/1988 width:0.9 color:orange layer:front at:04/22/1988 width:0.9 color:orange layer:front at:05/25/1988 width:0.9 color:orange layer:front at:02/08/1988 width:0.9 color:state layer:front at:02/16/1988 width:0.9 color:state layer:front at:02/23/1988 width:0.9 color:state layer:front at:02/28/1988 width:0.9 color:state layer:front at:03/01/1988 width:0.9 color:state layer:front at:03/05/1988 width:0.9 color:state layer:front at:03/08/1988 width:0.9 color:state layer:front at:03/10/1988 width:0.9 color:state layer:front at:03/12/1988 width:0.9 color:state layer:front at:03/15/1988 width:0.9 color:state layer:front at:03/19/1988 width:0.9 color:state layer:front at:03/20/1988 width:0.9 color:state layer:front at:03/22/1988 width:0.9 color:state layer:front at:03/26/1988 width:0.9 color:state layer:front at:03/29/1988 width:0.9 color:state layer:front at:04/02/1988 width:0.9 color:state layer:front at:04/04/1988 width:0.9 color:state layer:front at:04/05/1988 width:0.9 color:state layer:front at:04/16/1988 width:0.9 color:state layer:front at:04/18/1988 width:0.9 color:state layer:front at:04/19/1988 width:0.9 color:state layer:front at:04/23/1988 width:0.9 color:state layer:front at:04/24/1988 width:0.9 color:state layer:front at:04/25/1988 width:0.9 color:state layer:front at:04/26/1988 width:0.9 color:state layer:front at:05/03/1988 width:0.9 color:state layer:front at:05/10/1988 width:0.9 color:state layer:front at:05/17/1988 width:0.9 color:state layer:front at:05/24/1988 width:0.9 color:state layer:front at:06/07/1988 width:0.9 color:state Active campaign Exploratory committeeNovember 18, 1986 Gephardt To Explore Presidential Chances 14 Columbia Daily Tribune (Columbia, Missouri) https://www.newspapers.com/article/columbia-daily-tribune-gephardt-to-explo/196986970/ Newspapers.comDecember 12, 1986 Hart Forms Committee, Edges Toward Running 14A St. Louis Post-Dispatch (St. Louis, Missouri) https://www.newspapers.com/article/st-louis-post-dispatch-hart-forms-commi/196987103/ Newspapers.comJanuary 8, 1987 Arizona's Ex-Governor To Seek Presidency A13 The Flint Journal (Flint, Michigan) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-flint-journal-arizonas-ex-governor/196987309/ Newspapers.comMarch 17, 1987 Dukakis Launches Presidential Bid; Governor To Set Up Campaign Committee 1 The Boston Globe (Boston, Massachusetts) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-boston-globe-dukakis-launches-presid/196987549/ Newspapers.comMarch 2, 1987 Biden 'Exploration Committee' Forming; Hart Sees '32 Parallel 2A The Des Moines Register (Des Moines, Iowa) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-des-moines-register-biden-explorati/196987473/ Newspapers.comMarch 20, 1987 Jackson Opens Exploratory Office A4 The Kansas City Times (Kansas City, Missouri) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-kansas-city-times-jackson-opens-expl/196987042/ Newspapers.comApril 9, 1987 Simon Gets In Race For President 10 The Daily Dispatch (Moline, Illinois) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-dispatch-simon-gets-in-race-for-pres/196987703/ Newspapers.comApril 10, 1987 Sen. Gore, At 39, Youngest To Join President Race 2 The Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles, California) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-los-angeles-times-sen-gore-at-39/196987665/ Newspapers.comJuly 2, 1987 First Of Many Debates Pulls 7 Democrats 4A The Des Moines Register (Des Moines, Iowa) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-des-moines-register-first-of-many-de/196987897/ Newspapers.com Withdrawn candidateDemocratic National Convention Midterm elections DebatesJuly 2, 1987 'Seven Dwarfs' Spar For Attention 1 Morning News Tribune (Tacoma, Washington) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-tribune-seven-dwarfs-spar-for/196988441/ Newspapers.comJuly 2, 1987 'Seven Dwarfs' Spar For Recognition In TV Debate A11 Morning News Tribune (Tacoma, Washington) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-tribune-seven-dwarfs-spar-for/196988464/ Newspapers.comAugust 9, 1987 Dukakis, Gephardt Stress Economic Issues In Dem Presidential Debate 26 The Star-Ledger (Newark, New Jersey) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-star-ledger-dukakis-gephardt-stress/196988508/ Newspapers.comAugust 24, 1987 Gore Lashes Out At Dukakis In Iowa Presidential Debate 5A The Times Herald (Port Huron, Michigan) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-times-herald-gore-lashes-out-at-duka/196988553/ Newspapers.comSeptember 11, 1987 Presidential Hopefuls Debate Education 46 Omaha World-Herald (Omaha, Nebraska) https://www.newspapers.com/article/omaha-world-herald-presidential-hopefuls/196988592/ Newspapers.comSeptember 24, 1987 Debate Becomes Anti-GOP Forum 1 The Rock Island Argus (Moline, Illinois) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-rock-island-argus-debate-becomes-ant/196988676/ Newspapers.comSeptember 28, 1987 Gore Turns Up Heat In Democratic Debate 2 The Austin Daily Herald (Austin, Minnesota) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-austin-daily-herald-gore-turns-up-he/196988723/ Newspapers.comOctober 6, 1987 6 Democratic Presidential Candidates Debate Foreign Policy, Defense On TV 8 Record-Journal (Meriden, Connecticut) https://www.newspapers.com/article/record-journal-6-democratic-presidential/196988772/ Newspapers.comNovember 2, 1987 Democratic Hopefuls Urge Summit On Environment 18 The Daily Times (Mamaroneck, New York) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-times-democratic-hopefuls-urge/196988843/ Newspapers.comNovember 6, 1987 Demo Presidential Candidates Debate Education 5 The Vincennes Sun-Commercial (Vincennes, Indiana) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-vincennes-sun-commercial-demo-presid/196988882/ Newspapers.comNovember 9, 1987 Democrats Blast GOP Rivals In Iowa Presidential Debate A10 The Patriot (Harrisburg, Pennsylvania) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-patriot-news-democrats-blast-gop-riv/196988934/ Newspapers.comNovember 20, 1987 Candidates Oppose Pension Cuts 8 The Bridgeport Post (Bridgeport, Connecticut) https://www.newspapers.com/article/connecticut-post-candidates-oppose-pensi/196988993/ Newspapers.comDecember 2, 1987 Prime-Time Presidential Debate Produces Few Stars, No Winners 10 The Capital Times (Madison, Wisconsin) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-capital-times-prime-time-presidentia/197045926/ Newspapers.comDecember 16, 1987 In Texas Presidential Debate; Democrats Woo Hispanic Voters 16 The Press (Atlantic City, New Jersey) https://www.newspapers.com/article/press-of-atlantic-city-in-texas-presiden/197046267/ Newspapers.comJanuary 8, 1988 Gore-And-Simon Little More Than A Big Discussion 1 The Birmingham News (Birmingham, Alabama) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-birmingham-news-gore-and-simon-littl/197046752/ Newspapers.comJanuary 12, 1988 Presidential Hopefuls Square Off In Iowa 1 Argus-Leader (Sioux Falls, South Dakota) https://www.newspapers.com/article/argus-leader-presidential-hopefuls-squar/197047003/ Newspapers.comJanuary 25, 1988 No Clear Winner In Debate 3 Kenosha News (Kenosha, Wisconsin) https://www.newspapers.com/article/kenosha-news-no-clear-winner-in-debate/197047406/ Newspapers.comJanuary 30, 1988 Democrats, Republicans Slug It Out A2 Syracuse Herald-Journal (Syracuse, New York) https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-democrats-repub/197047661/ Newspapers.comFebruary 14, 1988 Demo Hopefuls Gang Up On Gephardt A16 The Indianapolis Star (Indianapolis, Indiana) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-indianapolis-star-demo-hopefuls-gang/197047966/ Newspapers.comFebruary 19, 1988 Democrats Trade Accusations, Jibes In Dallas Debate 6A The Atlanta Constitution (Atlanta, Georgia) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-constitution-democrats-trade/197048161/ Newspapers.comFebruary 28, 1988 Democrats Squabble During Debate C6 The Berkshire Eagle (Pittsfield, Massachusetts) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-berkshire-eagle-democrats-squabble-d/197048468/ Newspapers.comApril 15, 1988 Democrats Squabble During Debate A4 The San Francisco Examiner (San Francisco, California) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-san-francisco-examiner-dukakis-gore/197049037/ Newspapers.comApril 17, 1988 Few Say They Changed Their Choices 10A Democrat and Chronicle (Rochester, New York) https://www.newspapers.com/article/democrat-and-chronicle-few-say-they-chan/197049157/ Newspapers.comApril 23, 1988 Jackson, Dukakis Swap Pokes, Jokes A8 The Orlando Sentinel (Orlando, Florida) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-orlando-sentinel-jackson-dukakis-sw/197049339/ Newspapers.comMay 26, 1988 Dukakis, Jackson Debate Targets Reagan's Dealings With Noriega 30 Daily Hampshire Gazette (Northampton, Massachusetts) https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-hampshire-gazette-dukakis-jackson/197049664/ Newspapers.com Primaries Candidates Nominee CandidateMost recent officeHome stateCampaignDelegates wonPopular voteContests won Running mateMichael Dukakis alt=|100pxGovernorof Massachusetts(1975–1979, 1983–1991)84x84px|MassachusettsMassachusettsalt=|100x100pxalt=|100x100px(Campaign)Secured nomination:June 7, 19881,726.5(48.77%)9,705,590(42.18%)30Lloyd Bentsen107x107px Eliminated at convention CandidateMost recent officeHome stateCampaignWithdrawal dateDelegates wonPopular voteContests wonJesse Jacksonalt=|100pxPresident of PUSH(1971–2023)84x84px|South CarolinaSouth Carolinaalt=|100x100px(Campaign)Lost at convention:July 21, 19881,056(29.83%) 6,732,778 (29.26%)13 Withdrew during primaries CandidateMost recent officeHome stateCampaignWithdrawal dateDelegates wonPopular voteContests wonAl Gorealt=|100pxU.S. Senatorfrom Tennessee(1985–1993)84x84px|TennesseeTennessee100x100px(Campaign)Withdrew:April 21, 1988375(9.44%)3,124,278 (13.58%)7Paul Simon100pxU.S. Senatorfrom Illinois(1985–1997)84x84px|IllinoisIllinois100x100px(Campaign)Withdrew:April 7, 1988147(4.15%)1,078,112 (4.68%)1Dick Gephardt100pxU.S. Representativefrom Missouri(1977–2005)84x84px|MissouriMissouri100x100px(Campaign)Withdrew:March 29, 1988126(3.56%)1,432,080 (6.22%)3Gary Hart100pxU.S. Senatorfrom Colorado(1975–1987)84x84px|ColoradoColorado100x100px(Campaign)Suspended:May 8, 1987Re-entered:December 12, 1987Withdrew:March 12, 19881(0.03%)354,298(1.54%)0Bruce Babbitt100pxGovernorof Arizona(1978–1987)84x84px|ArizonaArizona100x100px(Campaign)Withdrew:February 18, 19880(0.00%) 80,483 (0.35%)0 Withdrew before primaries CandidateExperienceHome stateCampaignWithdrawal datePat Schroederalt=|100pxU.S. Representativefrom Colorado(1973–1997)84x84px|ColoradoColorado(Campaign)Withdrew:September 28, 1987Joe Bidenalt=|100pxU.S. Senatorfrom Delaware(1973–2009)alt=|84x84px|DelawareDelawarealt=|100x100px(Campaign)Withdrew:September 23, 1987 Minor candidates Other notable individuals campaigning for the nomination but not featuring in major polls were: Douglas ApplegateDavid DukeLyndon LaRoucheAndy SundbergMarch 11, 1988 A Democrat In Europe Aims For White House 6A The Atlanta Constitution (Atlanta, Georgia) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-constitution-a-democrat-in-e/196687307/ Newspapers.comJames Traficantcenter|122pxcenter|100pxcenter|100pxcenter|110pxcenter|130px U.S. Representativefrom Ohio(1977-1995)(Campaign) No elected office(Grand Wizard of the KKK)(1974-1980)(Campaign) No elected office(Head of the NCLB)(1968-2019) No elected office(Chair of Democrats Abroad)(1981-1985) U.S. Representativefrom Ohio(1985-2002) Declined Lloyd BentsenRobert C. ByrdTed KennedyLee IacoccaMario CuomoSam Nunncenter|150x150pxcenter|150x150pxcenter|150x150pxcenter|150x150pxcenter|150x150pxcenter|150x150pxU.S. Senatorfrom Texas(1971–1993)U.S. Senatorfrom West Virginia(1959–2010)U.S. Senatorfrom Massachusetts(1962–2009)Businessmanfrom Pennsylvania(1978–1992)Governorof New York(1983–1994)U.S. Senatorfrom Georgia(1972–1997)(December 19, 1985)https://www.nytimes.com/1985/12/20/us/kennedy-citing-senate-goals-rules-out-88-presidential-bid.html Kennedy, Citing Senate Goals, Rules Out '88 Presidential Bid December 20, 1985 The New York Times(July 16, 1986)(February 19, 1987)(February 21, 1987)Dale BumpersBill ClintonBill BradleyDick CelesteChuck Robbcenter|150x150pxcenter|150x150pxcenter|150x150pxcenter|150x150pxcenter|150x150pxU.S. Senatorfrom Arkansas(1975–1999)Governorof Arkansas(1979-1981, 1983-1992)U.S. Senatorfrom New Jersey(1979–1997)Governorof Ohio(1983–1991)Former Governorof Virginia(1982–1986)(March 20, 1987)(July 15, 1987)(August 2, 1987)(August 24, 1987)https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1987/08/25/ohios-celeste-wont-run-for-president-in-1988/f951ee5f-9d81-4f70-a226-54eb0075250d/ OHIO'S CELESTE WON'T RUN FOR PRESIDENT IN 1988 August 24, 1987 The Washington Post(November 12, 1987) Polling Poll sourceDates conducted 1 Gary Hart 1 Michael Dukakis 1 Jesse Jackson 1 Al Gore 1 Richard Gephardt 1 Paul Simon 1 Joseph Biden 1 Patricia Shroeder 1 Bruce Babbitt 1 Edward Kennedy 1 Mario Cuomo 1 Lee Iacocca 1 Geraldine Ferraro 1 Bill Bradley 1 Tom Bradley 1 Jay Rockefeller 1 Chuck Robb 1 Mark White 1 Dianne Feinstein 1 Sam Nunn 1 Dale Bumpers 1 Tony Coelho 1 OthersGallupPoll combines first- and second-choice responses. 1&2George H. Gallup The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion 1985 1986 Scholarly Resources Inc. 161-162 0-8420-2249-XJun. 7-10, 1985 31% - 14% - - - 1% *% 1% 46% 15% 11% 12% 4% 5% 3% 3% 1% 2% 1% 2% *% -GallupPoll combines first- and second-choice responses. 1&2George H. Gallup The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion 1986 1987 Scholarly Resources Inc. 40-41 0-8420-2274-0Jan. 10-13, 1986 47% - 16% - - - 1% 1% 1% - 22% 18% - 8% 8% 6% 3% 5% 3% 3% 1% 1% -Gallup1&2George H. Gallup The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion 1986 1987 Scholarly Resources Inc. 90-92 0-8420-2274-0Apr. 11-14, 1986 39% - 18% - - - 1% 2% 1% - 27% 14% - 6% 7% 6% 5% 2% 4% 2% 2% *% -Gallup1&2George H. Gallup The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion 1986 1987 Scholarly Resources Inc. 154-156 0-8420-2274-0Jun. 9-16, 1986 55% - - - - - - - - - 30% - - - - - - - - - - - - 75% - 14% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 59% - - - - - - - - - - 28% - - - - - - - - - - -Gallup1&2Jul. 11-14, 1986 34% - 17% - - - - - - - 22% 26% - 7% 7% 6% 3% 3% 3% - - - -Gallup1&2George H. Gallup The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion 1986 1987 Scholarly Resources Inc. 212-213 0-8420-2274-0Sep. 3-17, 1986 54% - - - - - - - - - 29% - - - - - - - - - - - - 74% - 15% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 58% - - - - - - - - - - 29% - - - - - - - - - - -Gallup1&2George H. Gallup The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion 1986 1987 Scholarly Resources Inc. 241-243 0-8420-2274-0Oct. 24-27, 1986 32% - 14% - - - - - - - 27% 26% - 8% 7% 6% 3% 3% - - - - -GallupGeorge H. Gallup The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion 1987 1988 Scholarly Resources Inc. 37-38 0-8420-2292-9Jan. 16-19, 1987 32% 1% 14% - *% - 1% - 1% - 13% 15% - 4% - - 3% - - 1% 1% - - 37% 2% 14% - *% - 1% - 1% - - 17% - 5% - - 3% - - 2% 2% - -WaPo-ABC NewsJanuary 22, 1987 Hart Remains First Choice Of Democrats For President B8 The Forum (Fargo, North Dakota) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-forum-hart-remains-first-choice-of-d/196593028/ Newspapers.comJan. 15-19, 1987 39% - 13% - 1% - 1% - 2% - 18% - - - - - 3% - - 4% - - -NYT-CBS News January 25, 1987 POLL GIVES HART AND BUSH CLEAR LEADS FOR NOMINATIONS 18 The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/1987/01/25/us/poll-gives-hart-and-bush-clear-leads-for-nominations.html November 28, 2024Jan. 18-21, 1987 33% 1% 9% - 2% - 1% - 1% - 17% - - - - - - - - 3% - - -WaPo-ABC NewsMarch 11, 1987 Poll Says Bush, Hart Have Gained Support A10 Concord Monitor (Concord, New Hampshire) https://www.newspapers.com/article/concord-monitor-poll-says-bush-hart-hav/159936587/ Newspapers.comMar. 5-9, 1987 46% 4% 14% - 3% - 1% - 1% - 18% - - - - - 2% - - 4% 3% - -GallupGeorge H. Gallup The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion 1987 1988 Scholarly Resources Inc. 156-158 0-8420-2292-9Apr. 10-13, 1987 - 7% 27% 6% 6% - 2% - 4% - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12%WaPo-ABC NewsMay 6, 1987 Hart Loses Support, But Is Still Leading 6A The Palm Beach Post (West Palm Beach, Florida) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-palm-beach-post-hart-loses-support/196593729/ Newspapers.comMay 4, 1987 36% 9% 12% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -NYT-CBS News May 8, 1987 POLL FINDS INFIDELITY A LESSER EVIL THAN OTHERS IN PICKING CANDIDATE A1+B6 The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/1987/05/08/us/poll-finds-infidelity-a-lesser-evil-than-others-in-picking-candidate.html November 28, 2024May 5-6, 1987 32% 6% 10% 1% 4% - 1% - 1% - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1%Support for Bill ClintonGallupMay 6-7, 1987 - 11% 22% 6% 7% 9% 1% - 2% - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5%May 8: Gary Hart suspends campaignNYT-CBS News May 17, 1987 JACKSON TOPS POLL (NOT COUNTING CUOMO) 1+32 The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/1987/05/17/us/jackson-tops-poll-not-counting-cuomo.html November 28, 2024May 11-14, 1987 - 11% 17% 5% 4% 6% 2% - 2% - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2%Support for Bill Clinton - 6% 12% 4% 3% 5% 1% - 3% - 25% - - 6% - - - - - 4% - - 2%Support for Bill ClintonWaPo-ABC NewsJune 4, 1987 Jackson, Simon Benefit From Hart Withdrawal 11 Chicago Tribune (Chicago, Illinois) https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-jackson-simon-benefit-f/159940695/ Newspapers.comMay 28 - Jun. 1, 1987 - 11% 25% 5% 10% 13% 3% - 4% - 1% - - - - - - - - - - - 7%GallupJun. 8-14, 1987 - 11% 18% 5% 7% 7% 7% - 2% - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5%GallupGeorge H. Gallup The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion 1987 1988 Scholarly Resources Inc. 185-187 0-8420-2292-9Jul. 10-13, 1987 - 13% 17% 8% 3% 7% 4% - 2% - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2%GallupGeorge H. Gallup The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion 1987 1988 Scholarly Resources Inc. 186-187 0-8420-2292-9Jul. 6-19, 1987 25% 5% 13% 5% 5% 6% 3% - 1% - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5%NYT-CBS News July 26, 1987 Undecided Democrats Reported on Increase 22 The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/1987/07/26/us/undecided-democrats-reported-on-increase.html November 28, 2024Jul 21-22, 1987 - 8% 14% 7% 3% 6% 4% 5% 3% - - - - - - - - - - - - - -GallupGeorge H. Gallup The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion 1987 1988 Scholarly Resources Inc. 220-221 0-8420-2292-9Aug. 24 - Sep. 2, 1987 - 13% 19% 8% 6% 7% 3% 6% 2% - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2%GallupTimes Mirror Co.October 1, 1987 Jackson, Bush Front-Runners In Poll, But Leads Shaky A10 Hartford Courant (Hartford, Connecticut) https://www.newspapers.com/article/hartford-courant-jackson-bush-front-run/159902004/ Newspapers.comSep. 1-13, 1987 - 15% 24% 6% 7% 7% 4% 3% 1% - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3%WaPo-ABC NewsSeptember 24, 1987 Biden Quits The Race 1 The Tribune (Oakland, California) https://www.newspapers.com/article/oakland-tribune-biden-quits-the-race/196594588/ Newspapers.comSeptember 24, 1987 Biden Quits The Race (Continued) A14 The Tribune (Oakland, California) https://www.newspapers.com/article/oakland-tribune-biden-quits-the-race-co/159941532/ Newspapers.comSep. 17-23, 1987 - 12% 23% 7% 8% 5% 6% - 4% - - - - - - - - - - - - - -GallupOct. 23-26, 1987 - 14% 22% 7% 5% 8% - - 1% - - - - - - - - - - - - - *%December 12: Gary Hart reenters raceWaPo-ABC NewsDecember 19, 1987 Poll Shows Hart Leading Democrats, Trailing Bush A2 Albuquerque Journal (Albuquerque, New Mexico) https://www.newspapers.com/article/albuquerque-journal-poll-shows-hart-lead/159942214/ Newspapers.comDec. 13-15, 1987 30% 15% 20% 5% 2% 8% - - 2% - - - - - - - - - - - - - -NYT-CBS News December 17, 1987 Poll Shows Hart and Jackson Leading B16 The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/1987/12/17/us/poll-shows-hart-and-jackson-leading.html November 28, 2024Dec. 15, 1987 21% 9% 17% 5% 1% 4% - - 2% - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3% - 11% 22% 5% 3% 5% - - 4% - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3%GallupNews TribuneJanuary 27, 1988 News Tribune-Gallup Poll A10 Morning News Tribune (Tacoma, Washington) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-tribune-news-tribune-gallup-pol/159902597/ Newspapers.comDec. 7-28, 1987 31% 10% 13% 5% 2% 10% - - 3% - - - - - - - - - - - - - -WaPo-ABC NewsJanuary 26, 1988 Poll Indicates People Leaning Toward GOP Qualifications A10 The Press Democrat (Santa Rosa, California) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-press-democrat-poll-indicates-people/196595517/ Newspapers.comJan. 17–23, 1988 23% 11% 25% 6% 4% 12% - - 3% - - - - - - - - - - - - - -GallupGeorge H. Gallup The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion 1988 1989 Scholarly Resources Inc. 43-45 0-8420-2330-5Jan. 22-24, 1988 23% 16% 15% 6% 9% 9% - - 4% - - - - - - - - - - - - - -February 8: Iowa caucusFebruary 16: New Hampshire primaryMarch 8: Super TuesdayGallupMar. 10-12, 1988 - 32% 23% 17% 10% 5% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Endorsements Endorsements in the 1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries Results In the Iowa caucuses, Gephardt finished first, Simon finished second, and Dukakis finished third. In the New Hampshire primary, Dukakis finished first, Gephardt finished second, and Simon finished third. Dukakis and Gore campaigned hard against Gephardt with negative ads, and eventually the United Auto Workers retracted their endorsement of Gephardt, who was heavily dependent on labor union backing. In the Super Tuesday races, Dukakis won six primaries, Gore five, Jackson five and Gephardt one, with Gore and Jackson splitting the southern states. The next week, Simon won Illinois. 1988 is tied with 1992 as the race with the most candidates winning primaries since the McGovern reforms of 1971. Gore's effort to paint Dukakis as too liberal for the general election proved unsuccessful, and he eventually withdrew. Jackson focused more on getting enough delegates to make sure African-American interests were represented in the platform than on winning outright.Williams Juan Waiting for The Jackson Reaction; Will Jesse End His Crusade With a Bang or a Whimper? 1988-07-17 The Washington Post C1 Dukakis eventually emerged as the party's nominee. Tablemaker's note:This should not be taken as a finalized list of results, as more than a few of the sources used did not report finalized or official results for the primaries or caucuses. Additionally, superdelegates are not accounted for in the table, as they were not bound to a candidate the way pledged delegates were. DatePledgeddelegatesContestDelegates won and popular voteMichaelDukakisJesseJacksonAlGorePaulSimonDickGephardtGaryHartBruceBabbittUncommittedOthersTotalFebruary 80 (of 52)IowacaucusesIowaCaucusesResults In terms of the candidate preference vote, the News Election Service was only able to collect about (70%) of the precincts reporting. NES claimed that the Iowa Democratic Party was actively discouraging participation in the preference count. The party, for its part, preferred the media report on the "state delegate equivalents", or SDEs.February 10, 1988 Iowa Caucus Results 8A The Des Moines Register (Des Moines, Iowa) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-des-moines-register-iowa-caucus-resu/196697765/ Newspapers.comFebruary 10, 1988 Democratic Delegate Scorecard 6A The Des Moines Register (Des Moines, Iowa) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-des-moines-register-democratic-deleg/196698509/ Newspapers.com 670 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(22.36%)18,041(20.56%) 264 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(8.81%)9,773(11.14%) 0 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(0.00%)192(0.22%) 799 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(26.67%)21,403(24.39%) 935 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(31.21%)24,136(27.51%) 6 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(0.20%)896(1.02%) 184 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(6.14%)8,049(9.17%) 138 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(4.61%)5,251(5.98%) — 2,996 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents87,741February 1618 (of 18)New Hampshireprimary February 18, 1988 Official Count Shows Record Turnout A10 Concord Monitor (Concord, New Hampshire) https://www.newspapers.com/article/concord-monitor-official-count-shows-rec/196700199/ Newspapers.comCook Rhodes State Of New Hampshire Manual For The General Court, 1989 New Hampshire Department Of State Concord, New Hampshire 132-133 9 del.44,112(35.89%) 9,615(7.82%) 8,373(6.83%) 3 del.21,094(17.16%) 6 del.24,428(19.94%) 4,888(3.98%) 5,644(4.59%) — 4,647NewHampshireOtherVote Includes 1,349 votes at (1.10%) for William J. DuPont, 264 votes at (0.21%) for David Duke, 188 votes at (0.15%) for Lyndon LaRouche, 142 votes at (0.12%) for William A. Marra, 122 votes at (0.10%) for Conrad W. Roy, 84 votes at (0.07%) for Florenzo Di Donato, 61 votes at (0.05%) for Anthony R. Martin-Trigona, 47 votes at (0.04%) for Stephen A. Koczak, 36 votes at (0.03%) for William King, 33 votes at (0.03%) for Edward T. O'Donnell, 33 votes at (0.03%) for Cyril E. Sagan, 28 votes at (0.02%) for Frank L. Thomas, 25 votes at (0.02%) for Claude Kirk, 22 votes at (0.02%) for Irwin Zucker, 18 votes at (0.01%) for Norbert G. Dernell, 16 votes at (0.01%) for Osie Thorpe, 10 votes at (0.01%) for A.A. Van Petten, and 9 votes at (0.01%) for Stanley Locke. Write-in votes for Republican candidates included 724 votes at (0.59%) for George Bush, 591 votes at (0.48%) for Bob Dole, 439 votes at (0.36%) for Pat Robertson, 233 votes at (0.19%) for Jack Kemp, 164 votes at (0.13%) for Pete du Pont, 7 votes at (0.01%) for Alexander M. Haig, 1 vote at (<0.01%) for William Horrigan J., and 1 vote at (<0.00%) for Harold Stassen.(3.78%) 122,913February 230 (of 68)MinnesotacaucusesMinnesotaCaucusesResults Official figures were released on March 8 by the state party, but only included percentages and not actual preference numbers, unlike earlier sources. The difference in recorded votes between sources was (28,016) to (48,915). The latter percentages are displayed below as recorded in italics. March 2, 1988 Caucus Reporting System 2Be Claremont News (Claremont, Minnesota) https://www.newspapers.com/article/claremont-news-caucus-reporting-system/196705181/ Newspapers.comMarch 9, 1988 DFL Caucus Results 2Be Star Tribune (Minneapolis, Minnesota) https://www.newspapers.com/article/star-tribune-dfl-caucus-results/196704849/ Newspapers.com 9,386(33.50%)(~30%)MinnesotaCaucusesPercentages 5,596(19.97%)(~23%)MinnesotaCaucusesPercentages 278(0.99%)(~1%)MinnesotaCaucusesPercentages 4,995(17.83%)(~18%)MinnesotaCaucusesPercentages 2,005(7.16%)(~6%)MinnesotaCaucusesPercentages 184(0.66%)(~0.8%)MinnesotaCaucusesPercentages 59(0.21%)(~0.5%)MinnesotaCaucusesPercentages 5,132(18.32%)(~15%)MinnesotaCaucusesPercentages 381(1.36%) 26,55115 (of 15)South DakotaprimaryFebruary 24, 1988 Dole, Gephardt Big Winners 1 Argus-Leader (Sioux Falls, South Dakota) https://www.newspapers.com/article/argus-leader-dole-gephardt-big-winners/195978122/ Newspapers.comFebruary 24, 1988 South Dakota Primary Results A7 Rapid City Journal (Rapid City, South Dakota) https://www.newspapers.com/article/rapid-city-journal-south-dakota-primary/196706856/ Newspapers.comFebruary 25, 1988 Gephardt Wins 9 Delegates; Dukakis 6 A10 Rapid City Journal (Rapid City, South Dakota) https://www.newspapers.com/article/rapid-city-journal-gephardt-wins-9-deleg/196708144/ Newspapers.com 6 del.22,367(31.21%) 3,866(5.39%) 5,990(8.36%) 3,991(5.57%) 9 del.31,226(43.57%) 3,876(5.41%) 345(0.48%) — — 71,661February 280 (of 23)MainecaucusesMaineCaucusesResults Last found source only had (3,145) of the elected SDEs accounted for.February 29, 1988 State Conventions At A Glance 1 Portland Press Herald (Portland, Maine) https://www.newspapers.com/article/portland-press-herald-state-conventions/196457951/ Newspapers.comMarch 1, 1988 Maine Caucus Results 19 Kennebec Journal (Augusta, Maine) https://www.newspapers.com/article/kennebec-journal-caucus-results/196457210/ Newspapers.com 1,327 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(42.19%) 842 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(26.77%) 48 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(1.53%) 133 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(4.23%) 97 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(3.08%) 42 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(1.34%) — 648 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(20.60%) 8 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(0.25%) 3,553 SDEs state delegate equivalentsMarch 10 (of 14)VermontprimaryMarch 3, 1988 Home-Grown Campaign Gave Jackson Boost In Vermont 1 The Rutland Daily Herald (Rutland, Vermont) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-rutland-daily-herald-home-grown-camp/195981047/ Newspapers.com 28,244(56.61%) 13,030(37.39%) — 2,596(5.20%) 3,968(7.95%) 2,052(4.11%) — — — 49,890March 50 (of 13)WyomingcaucusesMarch 6, 1988 Gore, Dukakis Both Claim Win In Wyoming; Bush, Dole In Close Race 1 Casper Star-Tribune (Casper, Wyoming) https://www.newspapers.com/article/casper-star-tribune-gore-dukakis-both-c/196922294/ Newspapers.comMarch 6, 1988 Gore, Dukakis Both Claim Win In Wyoming (Continued) A16 Casper Star-Tribune (Casper, Wyoming) https://www.newspapers.com/article/casper-star-tribune-gore-dukakis-both-c/196922364/ Newspapers.comMarch 6, 1988 Democratic County Convention Totals - State Delegates A3 Casper Star-Tribune (Casper, Wyoming) https://www.newspapers.com/article/casper-star-tribune-democratic-county-co/196922492/ Newspapers.com 77 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(26.10%)766(25.81%) 38 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(12.88%)439(14.79%) 79.5 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(26.95%)747(25.17%) 10 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(3.39%)108(3.64%) 68 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(23.05%)685(23.08%) 1 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(0.34%)32(1.08%) — 21.5 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(7.29%)191(6.44%) — 295 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents2,968 March 856 (of 56)AlabamaprimaryMarch 16, 1988 Same Number Of Delegates Go To Gore, Jackson 6B The Birmingham News (Birmingham, Alabama) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-birmingham-news-same-number-of-deleg/196683592/ Newspapers.com 31,351(7.72%) 28 del.176,764(43.54%) 28 del.151,739(37.39%) 3,063(0.75%) 30,214(7.44%) 7,530(1.85%) 2,410(0.59%) 2,072(0.51%) 845AlabamaOtherVote All votes are for Lyndon LaRouche.(0.21%) 405,9883 (of 3)American Samoaterr. territorial caucus 1 del.1(33.33%) — — — 1 del.1(33.33%) — — 1 del.1(33.33%) — 338 (of 38)Arkansasprimary March 10, 1988 State Election Results 1 The Daily World (Helena, Arkansas) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-world-state-election-results/196774271/ Newspapers.comMarch 23, 1988 Same Number Of Delegates Go To Gore, Jackson 2 The Jonesboro Sun (Jonesboro, Arkansas) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sun-gore-gets-19-delegates/196684351/ Newspapers.com 10 del.93,532(18.85%) 9 del.85,047(17.14%) 19 del.184,729(37.24%) 8,908(1.80%) 59,471(11.99%) 18,598(3.75%) 2,621(0.53%) 35,376(7.13%) 7,804ArkansasOtherVote Includes 4,911 votes at (0.99%) for David Duke, 2,380 votes at (0.48%) for Lyndon LaRouche, and 513 votes at (0.10%) for Norbert G. Dernell.(1.57%) 496,086136 (of 136)Floridaprimary 90 del.509,204(40.85%) 33 del.250,496(20.10%) 6 del.158,789(12.74%) 26,739(2.15%) 7 del.179,350(14.39%) 35,329(2.83%) 9,899(0.79%) 76,682(6.15%) — 1,246,48886 (of 86) GeorgiaprimaryMay 11, 1988 Four Ga. Demo Leaders Vie To Be Gore Delegates 2B Macon Telegraph and News (Macon, Georgia) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-macon-telegraph-four-ga-demo-leader/196727474/ Newspapers.com 14 del.97,007(15.61%) 38 del.246,757(39.72%) 33 del.201,022(32.35%) 8,458(1.36%) 41,701(6.71%) 15,844(2.55%) 3,287(0.53%) 7,227(1.16%) — 621,3030 (of 20)HawaiicaucusesHawaiiCaucusVote Only 274 of 284 precincts had reported results in the source.March 9, 1988 Isle Dems Caucus: Dukakis, Jackson Close 1 The Pacific Commercial Advertiser (Honolulu, Hawaii) https://www.newspapers.com/article/honolulu-star-advertiser-isle-dems-caucu/196835772/ Newspapers.comMarch 9, 1988 Hawaii Democrats Caucus; Dukakis, Jackson In Tight Race A8 The Pacific Commercial Advertiser (Honolulu, Hawaii) https://www.newspapers.com/article/honolulu-star-advertiser-hawaii-democrat/196835996/ Newspapers.com 2,716(54.59%) 1,739(34.95%) 58(1.17%) 46(0.92%) 98(1.97%) 57(1.15%) — 259(5.21%) 2HawaiiOtherVote Both votes are for Lyndon LaRouche.(0.04%) 4,9750 (of 18)IdahocaucusesMarch 9, 1988 Democrats Pick Dukakis, 'Uncommitted' 1 The Idaho Statesman (Boise, Idaho) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-idaho-statesman-democrats-pick-dukak/196836360/ Newspapers.comMarch 9, 1988 Democrats Pick Dukakis, 'Uncommitted' (Continued) 3A The Idaho Statesman (Boise, Idaho) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-idaho-statesman-democrats-pick-dukak/196836463/ Newspapers.com 140 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(37.53%)1,516(37.63%) 73 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(19.57%)882(21.89%) 32 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(8.58%)333(8.27%) 16 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(4.29%)280(6.95%) 3 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(0.80%)44(1.09%) 0 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(0.00%)1(0.02%) 0 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(0.00%)1(0.02%) 109 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(29.22%)972(24.13%) — 373 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents4,02955 (of 55)KentuckyprimaryMarch 10, 1988 Only 10 Percent Of Voters Here Turn Out For Primary 1 Licking Valley Courier (West Liberty, Kentucky) https://www.newspapers.com/article/licking-valley-courier-only-10-percent-o/196726417/ Newspapers.comMarch 10, 1988 Only 10 Percent Of Voters Here Turn Out For Primary 11 Licking Valley Courier (West Liberty, Kentucky) https://www.newspapers.com/article/licking-valley-courier-only-10-percent-o/196726377/ Newspapers.comMarch 29, 1988 Presidential Primary Vote Certified B3 The Courier-Journal (Louisville, Kentucky) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-courier-journal-presidential-primary/196726749/ Newspapers.com 12 del.59,433(18.65%) 6 del.49,667(15.58%) 37 del.145,988(45.80%) 9,393(2.95%) 28,982(9.09%) 11,798(3.70%) 1,290(0.40%) 10,465(3.28%) 1,705KentuckyOtherVote Includes 681 votes at (0.21%) for Lyndon LaRouche, 537 votes at (0.17%) for Anthony R. Martin-Trigona, and 487 votes at (0.15%) for Richard Kay.(0.53%) 318,72163 (of 63)LouisianaprimaryLouisianaPrimaryVote Only 3,264 of 3,272 precincts had reported results in the source.March 10, 1988 Super Tuesday Voting By State 10 The Sun (Baltimore, Maryland) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-baltimore-sun-super-tuesday-voting-b/196831076/ Newspapers.comMarch 10, 1988 Jackson, Bush Claim Delegate Prizes 7 The Times (Shreveport, Louisiana) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-times-jackson-bush-claim-delegate-p/196462284/ Newspapers.com 6 del.95,315(15.23%) 32 del.220,305(35.20%) 23 del.174,106(27.82%) 5,121(0.82%) 2 del.69,875(11.16%) 26,669(4.26%) 3,080(0.49%) — 31,468LouisianaOtherVote Includes 23,415 votes at (3.74%) for David Duke, 3,740 votes at (0.60%) for Ahern, 1,746 votes at (0.28%) for Norbert G. Dernell, 1,686 votes at (0.27%) for Lyndon LaRouche, and 881 votes at (0.14%) for Richard Kay.(5.03%) 625,93967 (of 67)MarylandprimaryMarch 10, 1988 Bush, Dukakis Easily Power Through State 3A The Star-Democrat (Easton, Maryland) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-star-democrat-bush-dukakis-easily-p/196832648/ Newspapers.com 47 del.236,681(45.82%) 20 del.149,837(29.01%) 45,149(8.74%) 14,188(2.75%) 41,315(8.00%) 9,460(1.83%) 4,597(0.89%) 13,368(2.59%) 1,983MarylandOtherVote All votes are for Lyndon LaRouche.(0.38%) 516,57898 (of 98)MassachusettsprimaryMarch 10, 1988 Bush, Dukakis Win Vote As Expected In Bay State 6 Union-News (Springfield, Massachusetts) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-republican-bush-dukakis-win-vote-as/196462403/ Newspapers.com 79 del.416,802(58.58%) 19 del.132,507(18.62%) 31,991(4.50%) 26,064(3.66%) 72,678(10.21%) 11,199(1.57%) 4,939(0.69%) 11,681(1.64%) 3,670MassachusettsOtherVote Includes 2,225 votes at (0.31%) for Florenzo Di Donato, and 1,445 votes at (0.20%) for Lyndon LaRouche.(0.52%) 711,53140 (of 40)Mississippiprimary 1 del.31,318(8.76%) 24 del.157,530(44.06%) 15 del.120,166(33.61%) 2,123(0.59%) 19,683(5.51%) 13,790(3.86%) 2,137(0.60%) 9,474(2.65%) 1,285MarylandOtherVote All votes are for Lyndon LaRouche.(0.36%) 357,50677 (of 77)Missouriprimary 1 del.61,557(11.66%) 14 del.106,287(20.13%) 14,557(2.76%) 21,424(4.06%) 62 del.305,123(57.80%) 7,594(1.44%) 1,405(0.26%) 6,609(1.25%) 3,327MissouriOtherVote Includes 1,766 votes at (0.33%) for David Duke, 692 votes at (0.13%) for Lyndon LaRouche, 394 votes at (0.07%) for Richard Kay, 264 votes at (0.05%) for Stephen A. Koczak, and 211 votes at (0.04%) for Norbert G. Dernell.(0.63%) 527,8830 (of 16)NevadacaucusesMarch 10, 1988 Gore, Dukakis Prevail In Nevada Caucuses 1 Reno Gazette-Journal (Reno, Nevada) https://www.newspapers.com/article/reno-gazette-journal-gore-dukakis-preva/196837313/ Newspapers.comMarch 10, 1988 Gore, Dukakis Prevail In Nevada Caucuses (Continued) 16A Reno Gazette-Journal (Reno, Nevada) https://www.newspapers.com/article/reno-gazette-journal-gore-dukakis-preva/196837386/ Newspapers.com 548 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(26.07%) 460 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(21.88%) 693 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(32.97%) 23 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(1.09%) 39 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(1.86%) 10 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(0.48%) — 329 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(15.65%) — 2,102 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents82 (of 82)North Carolinaprimary 17 del.137,755(20.30%) 31 del.223,207(32.90%) 34 del.235,345(34.69%) 8,072(1.19%) 37,483(5.52%) 16,450(2.42%) 3,921(0.57%) 16,247(2.39%) — 678,48046 (of 46)Oklahomaprimary 7 del.66,229(16.87%) 3 del.52,431(13.36%) 23 del.162,513(41.40%) 6,894(1.76%) 13 del.82,556(21.03%) 14,328(3.65%) 1,599(0.41%) - 6,021OklahomaOtherVote Includes 2,402 votes at (0.61%) for David Duke, 1,080 votes at (0.28%) for Lyndon LaRouche, 1,064 votes at (0.27%) for Stephen A. Koczak, 1,000 votes at (0.25%) for Doty, and 475 votes at (0.12%) for Norbert G. Dernell.(1.53%) 392,57122 (of 22)Rhode Islandprimary 19 del.34,159(69.96%) 3 del.7,369(15.09%) 1,932(3.96%) 1,392(2.85%) 2,013(4.12%) 738(1.51%) 402(0.82%) 818(1.67%) - 48,82370 (of 70)TennesseeprimaryMarch 11, 1988 Gore, Bush Will Share Delegates 7A Bristol Herald Courier (Bristol, Tennessee) https://www.newspapers.com/article/bristol-herald-courier-gore-bush-will-s/196461797/ Newspapers.com 19,268(3.36%) 14 del.118,615(20.69%) 56 del.414,569(72.30%) 2,641(0.46%) 8,657(1.51%) 4,693(0.82%) 1,982(0.35%) 2,939(0.51%) - 573,364119 (of 183)TexasprimaryTexasPrimaryVote Only 6,829 of 6,933 precincts had reported results in the source.March 17, 1988 Party Boss Seeks Democratic Unity 21 Fort Worth Star-Telegram (Fort Worth, Texas) https://www.newspapers.com/article/fort-worth-star-telegram-party-boss-seek/196834597/ Newspapers.comMarch 17, 1988 Party Boss Seeks Democratic Unity (Continued) 22 Fort Worth Star-Telegram (Fort Worth, Texas) https://www.newspapers.com/article/fort-worth-star-telegram-party-boss-seek/196834724/ Newspapers.com 43 del.553,006(32.35%) 42 del.418,057(24.46%) 25 del.349,505(20.45%) 34,269(2.00%) 9 del.232,814(13.62%) 79,235(4.64%) 15,073(0.88%) - 27,518TexasOtherVote Includes 9,054 votes at (0.53%) for Lyndon LaRouche, 8,683 votes at (0.51%) for David Duke, 6,215 votes at (0.36%) for W.A. Williams, and 3566 votes at (0.21%) for Norbert G. Dernell.(1.53%) 1,709,47775 (of 75)VirginiaprimaryVirginiaPrimaryVote Only 1,982 of 1,986 precincts had reported results in the source. 15 del.78,637(21.79%) 38 del.162,545(45.03%) 22 del.81,064(22.46%) 6,921(1.92%) 16,179(4.48%) 6,241(1.73%) 2,465(0.68%) 6,086(1.69%) 796VirginiaOtherVote All votes are for Lyndon LaRouche.(0.22%) 360,9340 (of 13)WashingtoncaucusesApril 10, 1988 No Bush Backers For State Delegation C3 Morning News Tribune (Tacoma, Washington) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-tribune-no-bush-backers-for-sta/196974358/ Newspapers.com 5,906 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(43.61%) 4,562 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(33.69%) 460 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(3.40%) 526 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(3.88%) 175 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(1.29%) 16 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(0.12%) — 1,898 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(14.01%) — 13,543 SDEs state delegate equivalentsMarch 100 (of 17)AlaskacaucusesAlaskaCaucusesResults Source only had ~90% of 442 precincts reporting.March 11, 1988 Jackson Big Winner In Alaska Caucuses 1 Daily Sitka Sentinel (Sitka, Alaska) https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-sitka-sentinel-jackson-big-winner/196916196/ Newspapers.com 769 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(30.78%) 872 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(34.91%) 47 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(1.88%) 18 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(0.72%) 16 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(0.64%) 8 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(0.32%) — 768 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(30.74%) — 2,498 SDEs state delegate equivalentsMarch 120 (of 47)South CarolinacaucusesSouthCarolinaCaucusesResults Source only had 1,636 of 1,788 precincts reporting.March 13, 1988 County-By-County Caucus Results 12A The Index-Journal (Greenwood, South Carolina) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-index-journal-county-by-county-caucu/196924244/ Newspapers.com 961 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(6.64%) 7,821 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(54.04%) 2,577 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(17.81%) 39 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(0.27%) 296 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(2.05%) 5 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(0.03%) — 2,773 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(19.16%) — 14,472 SDEs state delegate equivalents March 150 (of 187)Illinoispreference primaryMarch 17, 1988 Illinois Republican Presidential Primary Results 23 Chicago Tribune (Chicago, Illinois) https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-illinois-republican-pres/195992586/ Newspapers.comCook Rhodes United States Presidential Primary Elections, 1968-1996: A Handbook of Election Statistics CQ Press Washington, D.C. 1-56802-451-7 220 245,289(16.34%) 484,233(32.26%) 77,265(5.15%) 635,219(42.32%) 35,108(2.34%) — — — 23,816IllinoisOtherVote No breakdown was provided in the source.(9.07%) 1,500,930113 (of 187)Illinoisdelegate primaryApril 11, 1988 Simon Delegates Are Keeping Busy B1 The Belleville News-Democrat (Belleville, Illinois) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-belleville-news-democrat-simon-deleg/195992737/ Newspapers.com — 24 del. — 89 del. — — — — — —March 190 (of 183)TexascaucusesTexasCaucusesResults Only 5,037 of 5,288 elected SDEs were accounted for by the source. 1,666 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(33.08%) 1,722 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(34.19%) 915 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(18.17%) — 156 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(3.10%) — — 553 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(10.98%) 25 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalentsTexasOtherStateDelegates No breakdown was provided, though the source states it includes state delegates for Paul Simon and Gary Hart.(0.50%) 2,498 SDEs state delegate equivalentsMarch 200 (of 39)KansascaucusesMarch 20, 1988 Dukakis Slips By Jackson In Kansas Race 1 The Wichita Eagle-Beacon (Wichita, Kansas) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-wichita-eagle-dukakis-slips-by-jacks/196922720/ Newspapers.comMarch 20, 1988 Dukakis Grateful To Kansas For First Farm Belt Win 8A The Wichita Eagle-Beacon (Wichita, Kansas) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-wichita-eagle-dukakis-grateful-to-ka/196922791/ Newspapers.com 278 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(36.39%) 235 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(30.76%) 125 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(16.36%) — 12 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(1.57%) — — 114 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(14.92%) — 764 SDEs state delegate equivalents0 (of 51)Puerto Ricopref. preference primaryPuertoRicoPrimaryResults The latest source with a breakdown of the vote only had 31% of precincts reporting; another source, with 91% of precincts reporting, had no breakdown of individual votes. The latter are displayed below in italics.March 21, 1988 Bush, Jackson Win Puerto Rico Primary 6 The Boston Globe (Boston, Massachusetts) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-boston-globe-bush-jackson-win-puert/196921650/ Newspapers.comMarch 22, 1988 Bush Wins, Jackson In Lead In Puerto Rico A6 The Daily Dispatch (Moline, Illinois) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-dispatch-bush-wins-jackson-in-lead/196921697/ Newspapers.com 17,023(23.07%)(~26%)PuertoRicoPrimaryPercentages 25,971(35.20%)(~32%)PuertoRicoPrimaryPercentages 13,210(17.90%)(~17%)PuertoRicoPrimaryPercentages 14,870(20.15%)(~21%)PuertoRicoPrimaryPercentages 2,707(3.67%)(~3%)PuertoRicoPrimaryPercentages — — — — 73,78151 (of 51)Puerto Ricodelegate primaryApril 15, 1988 Dukakis Gains 54 Puerto Rico Delegates - After Losing Race 14 The Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles, California) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-los-angeles-times-dukakis-gains-54-p/196921926/ Newspapers.com — — — — — — — 51 del. — —March 229 (of 9)Democrats AbroadprimaryMarch 23, 1988 Democrats Abroad Vote, Favor Dukakis A5 Hartford Courant (Hartford, Connecticut) https://www.newspapers.com/article/hartford-courant-democrats-abroad-vote/196982284/ Newspapers.comMarch 23, 1988 Democrats Abroad Give Dukakis One Delegate 11A The Houston Post (Houston, Texas) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-houston-post-democrats-abroad-give-d/196982836/ Newspapers.com 0.5 del.990(48.06%) 347(16.84%) — 248(12.04%) — — — 8.5 del. 475DemocratsAbroadOtherVote Includes 304 votes at (14.76%) for Andy Sundberg, and 171 votes at (8.30%) for Mario Cuomo.(23.06%) 2,060March 260 (of 138)MichigancaucusesMarch 29, 1988 How Michigan Voted A2 The Kalamazoo Gazette (Kalamazoo, Michigan) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-kalamazoo-gazette-how-michigan-voted/196911054/ Newspapers.comMarch 30, 1988 Jackson's Michigan Delegate Total At 77; First Official Count Has Dukakis At 52 12A Detroit Free Press (Detroit, Michigan) https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-jacksons-michigan-de/196911694/ Newspapers.com 61,568(29.08%) 113,140(53.44%) 4,296(2.03%) 4,456(2.10%) 27,125(12.81%) 349(0.16%) — 429(0.20%) 342MichiganOtherVote Write-ins; no breakdown.(0.16%) 211,7050 (of 15)North DakotacaucusesMarch 27, 1988 Dukakis Beats Jackson In N.D. Democratic Caucus Straw Polls 9A Grand Forks Herald (Grand Forks, North Dakota) https://www.newspapers.com/article/grand-forks-herald-dukakis-beats-jackson/196923346/ Newspapers.comMarch 29, 1988 Gephardt Impact Said Uncertain 6 The Dickinson Press (Dickinson, North Dakota) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-dickinson-press-gephardt-impact-said/196923693/ Newspapers.com 692(27.71%) 479(19.18%) 136(5.45%) 150(6.01%) 442(17.70%) 26(1.04%) 12(0.48%) 529(21.19%) 31NorthDakotaOtherVote Includes 26 votes at (1.04%) for Mario Cuomo, 3 votes at (0.12%) for Lyndon LaRouche, 1 vote at (0.04%) for Lee Iacocca, and 1 vote at (0.04%) for Sam Nunn.(1.24%) 2,497 March 2959 (of 59)ConnecticutprimaryMarch 30, 1988 The Connecticut Primary; At A Glance B1 Hartford Courant (Hartford, Connecticut) https://www.newspapers.com/article/hartford-courant-the-connecticut-primary/196629330/ Newspapers.com 35 del.139,434(60.77%) 17 del.68,283(29.76%) 18,598(8.11%) 3,115(1.36%) — — — — — 229,430April 23 (of 3)Virgin Is. Islandsterr. territorial caucusesApril 3, 1988 Jackson Wins Big In Virgin Islands 3A San Francisco Chronicle (San Francisco, California) https://www.newspapers.com/article/san-francisco-chronicle-jackson-wins-big/196918113/ Newspapers.com 37(5.51%) 3 del.634(94.49%) — — — — — — — 671 April 40 (of 49)ColoradocaucusesColoradoCaucusesResults Last found source only had ~73% of precincts reporting in.April 6, 1988 Gov. Dukakis Narrowly Edges Jackson In Colorado's Caucus Vote 9A Pueblo Chieftain (Pueblo, Colorado) https://www.newspapers.com/article/pueblo-chieftain-gov-dukakis-narrowly-e/196981958/ Newspapers.com 3,974 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(~45.4%) 3,453 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(~39.5%) 236 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(~2.7%) — — — — 1,069 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(~12.2%) — ? SDEs state delegate equivalents April 5 81 (of 81)WisconsinprimaryMay 12, 1988 Primary Vote Is Certified 18 The Evening Telegram (Superior, Wisconsin) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-evening-telegram-primary-vote-is-cer/196848454/ Newspapers.com 44 del.483,172(47.61%) 24 del.285,995(28.18%) 13 del.176,712(17.41%) 48,419(4.77%) 7,996(0.79%) 7,068(0.70%) 2,353(0.23%) 2,554(0.25%) 513WisconsinOtherVote No breakdown was provided in the source.(0.05%) 1,014,782April 160 (of 36)ArizonacaucusesApril 18, 1988 Arizona Democratic Caucuses 2C Tucson Citizen (Tucson, Arizona) https://www.newspapers.com/article/tucson-citizen-arizona-democratic-caucus/196912541/ Newspapers.comApril 18, 1988 Dukakis Gets 54% In Ariz. 2C Arizona Daily Star (Tucson, Arizona) https://www.newspapers.com/article/arizona-daily-star-dukakis-gets-54-in-a/196912808/ Newspapers.com 20,814(54.11%) 14,538(37.80%) 1,972(5.13%) 465(1.21%) — — — 639(1.66%) 35ArizonaOtherVote All votes are for Lyndon LaRouche.(0.09%) 38,46315 (of 15)North Dakotastate conventionApril 17, 1988 Dukakis Gains 13 Votes At Nevada Convention 8D The Bismarck Tribune (Bismarck, North Dakota) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-bismarck-tribune-most-of-delegates/196923800/ Newspapers.com 3 del. 2 del. — — — — — 10 del. — —47 (of 47)South Carolinastate conventionApril 17, 1988 Dukakis' Campaign On Roll At Convention 1 The Greenville News (Greenville, South Carolina) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-greenville-news-dukakis-campaign-on/196925264/ Newspapers.comApril 17, 1988 Dukakis' Campaign On Roll At Convention (Continued) 21A The Greenville News (Greenville, South Carolina) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-greenville-news-dukakis-campaign-on/196925347/ Newspapers.com 7 del. 28 del.634(94.49%) 12 del. — — — — — — —April 180 (of 15)DelawarecaucusesApril 19, 1988 State Democrats Go For Jackson 1 Evening Journal (Wilmington, Delaware) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-journal-state-democrats-go-for/196915615/ Newspapers.comApril 19, 1988 State Democrats Go For Jackson (Continued) A4 Evening Journal (Wilmington, Delaware) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-journal-state-democrats-go-for/196915757/ Newspapers.com 51.5 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(27.25%) 86.5 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(45.77%) 4 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(2.12%) — — — — 47 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(24.87%) — 189 SDEs state delegate equivalentsApril 19 255 (of 255)New YorkprimaryMay 11, 1988 Dukakis Won 50.9% Of N.Y. Vote 11A Democrat and Chronicle (Rochester, New York) https://www.newspapers.com/article/democrat-and-chronicle-dukakis-won-509/196848897/ Newspapers.comMay 11, 1988 It's Official: Dukakis Won NY Primary 11A Newsday (New York, New York) https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-its-official-dukakis-won-ny-pr/196848978/ Newspapers.com 164 del.801,457(50.87%) 89 del.585,272(37.15%) 2 del.157,559(10.00%) 17,020(1.08%) 2,608(0.17%) — — 10,323(0.66%) 1,152NewYorkOtherVote All votes are for Lyndon LaRouche.(0.07%) 1,575,391 0 (of 14)VermontcaucusesApril 29, 1988 It's Official: Jackson Won Vermont Caucuses 20 Bennington Banner (Bennington, Vermont) https://www.newspapers.com/article/bennington-banner-its-official-jackson/196913167/ Newspapers.com 582 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(44.63%) 596 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(45.71%) 6 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(0.46%) — — — — 120 SDEs state delegate equivalentsStateDelegateEquivalents(9.20%) — 1,304 SDEs state delegate equivalentsApril 236 (of 49)ColoradoCD congressional district conventionsColoradoDistrictConventionsApril23 Not all district conventions in Colorado were held on the same day; on this date, only the 1st District held a convention.April 24, 1988 Jackson Gets Denver OK 6A Pueblo Chieftain (Pueblo, Colorado) https://www.newspapers.com/article/pueblo-chieftain-jackson-gets-denver-ok/196983123/ Newspapers.com 2 del. 4 del. — — — — — — — —26 (of 39)KansasCD congressional district conventionsApril 24, 1988 12 Declare As Dukakis Delegates 1C The Wichita Eagle-Beacon (Wichita, Kansas) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-wichita-eagle-12-declare-as-dukakis/196922896/ Newspapers.comApril 24, 1988 Jackson Wins 7 In Kansas 4C The Wichita Eagle-Beacon (Wichita, Kansas) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-wichita-eagle-jackson-wins-7-in-kans/196922945/ Newspapers.com 12 del. 7 del. 5 del. — — — — 2 del. — —April 243 (of 3)Guamterr. territorial committeeMay 8, 1988 Guam Delegates Are Uncommitted 9A The Naples Daily News (Naples, Florida) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-naples-daily-news-guam-delegates-are/196923197/ Newspapers.com — — — — — — — 3 del. — —April 250 (of 23)UtahcaucusesUtahCaucuses Only ~90% of legislative districts had reported in by the time of the source. Only votes for Dukakis, Jackson and "Uncommitted" were accounted for.April 27, 1988 At Convention, Utah Will Be Dukakis State; Jackson Loses Big In Delegate Derby 1 The Salt Lake Tribune (Salt Lake City, Utah) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-salt-lake-tribune-at-convention-uta/196972581/ Newspapers.com 7,205(~70%) 1,711(~17%) — — — — — 1,211(~12%) — ? April 260 (of 96)Pennsylvaniapref. preference primaryJune 9, 1988 State Releases Official Results From Primary B7 The Evening News (Harrisburg, Pennsylvania) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-evening-news-state-releases-official/196849431/ Newspapers.com 1,002,480(66.49%) 411,260(27.28%) 44,542(2.95%) 9,692(0.64%) 7,254(0.48%) 20,473(1.36%) — — 11,989PennsylvaniaOtherVote Includes 7,546 votes at (0.50%) for Jennifer Alden Wesner, and 4,443 votes at (0.29%) for Lyndon LaRouche.(0.80%) 1,507,690116 (of 178)Pennsylvaniadelegate primaryApril 26, 1988 In Pa., 2 Democrats Face Opposition Besides Each Other 8A The Philadelphia Inquirer (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-philadelphia-inquirer-in-pa-2-demo/196850106/ Newspapers.comApril 27, 1988 Dukakis Routs Jackson; Bush Sews It Up 5 Philadelphia Daily News (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) https://www.newspapers.com/article/philadelphia-daily-news-dukakis-routs-ja/196849838/ Newspapers.comApril 27, 1988 Dukakis Routs Jackson; Bush Sews It Up (Continued) 15 Philadelphia Daily News (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) https://www.newspapers.com/article/philadelphia-daily-news-dukakis-routs-ja/196849962/ Newspapers.comJune 5, 1988 Democrats Vow Party-Rules Fight; Delegate Selection Targeted B1 The Patriot (Harrisburg, Pennsylvania) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-patriot-news-democrats-vow-party-rul/196850010/ Newspapers.com 102 del. 14 del. — — — — — — — — April 3043 (of 78)MinnesotaCD congressional district conventionsMinnesotaDistrictConventionsApril30 Not all district conventions in Minnesota were held on the same day; on this date, all districts held a convention other than the 8th.May 2, 1988 Dukakis Wins 19 Delegates 7A The Brainerd Daily Dispatch (Brainerd, Minnesota) https://www.newspapers.com/article/brainerd-dispatch-dukakis-wins-19-delega/196914228/ Newspapers.com 19 del. 14 del. — 2 del. — — — 8 del. — — May 379 (of 79)IndianaprimaryMay 6, 1988 Dukakis Thanks Hoosiers For Victory In Primary C10 The Herald-Telephone (Bloomington, Indiana) https://www.newspapers.com/article/princeton-daily-clarion-bayh-got-the-mos/196896399/ Newspapers.comJune 3, 1988 Bayh Got The Most Votes In Primary 4 Princeton Daily Clarion (Princeton, Indiana) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-herald-times-dukakis-thanks-hoosiers/196896795/ Newspapers.com 63 del.449,495(69.61%) 16 del.145,021(22.46%) 21,865(3.39%) 12,550(1.94%) 16,777(2.60%) — — — — 645,708159 (of 159)OhioprimaryOhioPrimary Only 96% of the precincts had reported in by the time the source was published; later sources did not provide a breakdown of the vote beyond Dukakis and Jackson.May 4, 1988 Statewide Results A7 The Cincinnati Enquirer (Cincinnati, Ohio) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-cincinnati-enquirer-statewide-result/196893058/ Newspapers.comMay 5, 1988 Ohio Delegate Breakdown A7 The Akron Beacon Journal (Akron, Ohio) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-akron-beacon-journal-ohio-delegate-b/196891385/ Newspapers.comJuly 20, 1988 13th District Elected Lone Hart Delegates A7 News Journal (Mansfield, Ohio) https://www.newspapers.com/article/news-journal-13th-district-elected-lone/196891544/ Newspapers.com 115 del.839,103(63.00%) 41 del.362,720(27.23%) 29,313(2.20%) 15,076(1.13%) — 1 del.23,915(1.80%) — — 2 del.OhioOtherDelegates James Traficanct and Douglas Applegate each won a delegate.61,699OhioOtherVote Includes 29,980 votes at (2.25%) for James Traficanct, 25,510 votes at (1.92%) for Douglas Applegate, and 6,209 votes at (0.47%) for Lyndon LaRouche.(4.63%) 794,90416 (of 16)Washington, D.C.primaryMay 4, 1988 Primary Results 3A The Sun (Baltimore, Maryland) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-baltimore-sun-primary-results/196894172/ Newspapers.com 3 del.14,969(17.71%) 13 del.67,812(80.24%) 612(0.72%) 750(0.89%) — — — — 371DistrictOtherVote Breakdown was not provided by source.(0.44%) 84,514May 760 (of 187)Illinoisstate committeeMay 8, 1988 Simon Delegates Are Keeping Busy 1 The Pantagraph (Bloomington, Illinois) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-pantagraph-simon-jackson-delegate-sp/196896995/ Newspapers.com — 13 del. — 47 del. — — — — — —8 (of 78)MinnesotaCD congressional district conventionsMinnesotaDistrictConventionsMay7 Not all district conventions in Minnesota were held on the same day; on this date, the only district that held a convention was the 8th.May 9, 1988 Dukakis, Jackson Split Vote; 8th District Gives Each 3 Delegates 1 The Duluth News-Tribune (Duluth, Minnesota) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-duluth-news-tribune-dukakis-jackson/196913983/ Newspapers.comMay 9, 1988 Dukakis, Jackson Split Vote; 8th District Gives Each 3 Delegates (Continued) 6A The Duluth News-Tribune (Duluth, Minnesota) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-duluth-news-tribune-dukakis-jackson/196914118/ Newspapers.com 3 del. 3 del. — — — — — 2 del. — —16 (of 16)Nevadastate conventionMay 9, 1988 Dukakis Gains 13 Votes At Nevada Convention 1 Elko Daily Free Press (Elko, Nevada) https://www.newspapers.com/article/elko-daily-free-press-dukakis-gains-13-v/196916998/ Newspapers.com 7 del. 4 del. 5 del. — — — — — — —13 (of 13)Wyomingstate conventionMay 8, 1988 Dukakis Victor In Wyoming 1 Casper Star-Tribune (Casper, Wyoming) https://www.newspapers.com/article/casper-star-tribune-dukakis-victor-in-wy/196922622/ Newspapers.comMay 8, 1988 Dukakis Victor In Wyoming (Continued) A16 Casper Star-Tribune (Casper, Wyoming) https://www.newspapers.com/article/casper-star-tribune-dukakis-victor-in-wy/196922643/ Newspapers.com 6 del. 3 del. 4 del. — — — — — — —May 1025 (of 25)NebraskaprimaryNebraskaPrimary Only 1,831 of 1,870 precincts had reported in by the time the source was published.May 11, 1988 Dukakis Claims Democratic Nomination 1 The Lincoln Star (Lincoln, Nebraska) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-lincoln-star-no-surprises-in-preside/196897699/ Newspapers.comMay 11, 1988 Dukakis Claims Democratic Nomination 2 The Alliance Times-Herald (Alliance, Nebraska) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-alliance-times-herald-dukakis-claims/196424834/ Newspapers.com 18 del.103,552(62.44%) 7 del.43,890(26.46%) 2,463(1.49%) 2,079(1.25%) 4,809(2.90%) 4,087(2.46%) — 4,544(2.74%) 424NebraskaOtherVote All votes are for Lyndon LaRouche.(0.26%) 165,84837 (of 37)West VirginiaprimaryCook Rhodes United States Presidential Primary Elections, 1968-1996: A Handbook of Election Statistics CQ Press Washington, D.C. 1-56802-451-7 788-789May 12, 1988 Delegates '88 4A The Sun (Baltimore, Maryland) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-baltimore-sun-delegates-88/196448830/ Newspapers.com 37 del.254,289(74.77%) 45,788(13.46%) — — — — — — 40,020WestVirginiaOtherVote Breakdown was not provided by source.(11.77%) 340,097May 149 (of 49)ColoradoCD congressional district conventionsColoradoDistrictConventionsMay14 Not all district conventions in Colorado were held on the same day; on this date, the 5th and 6th districts held conventions.May 15, 1988 Ezzard Named 6th District Candidate 4B Pueblo Chieftain (Pueblo, Colorado) https://www.newspapers.com/article/pueblo-chieftain-ezzard-named-6th-distri/196983351/ Newspapers.com 7 del. 2 del. — — — — — — — —34 (of 52)IowaCD congressional district conventionsMay 15, 1988 Dukakis Gains At Iowa District Conventions 1B The Des Moines Register (Des Moines, Iowa) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-des-moines-register-dukakis-gains-at/196906386/ Newspapers.comMay 15, 1988 Dukakis Gains At Iowa District Conventions (Continued) 4B The Des Moines Register (Des Moines, Iowa) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-des-moines-register-dukakis-gains-at/196906518/ Newspapers.com 12 del. 7 del. — 6 del. 8 del. — — 1 del. — —13 (of 39)Kansasstate conventionMay 15, 1988 Delegate Protests Rejected 1B The Wichita Eagle-Beacon (Wichita, Kansas) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-wichita-eagle-delegate-protests-reje/196923003/ Newspapers.comMay 15, 1988 Campaign Challenge Drags On 8B The Wichita Eagle-Beacon (Wichita, Kansas) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-wichita-eagle-campaign-challenge-dra/196923085/ Newspapers.com 7 del. 3 del. 3 del. — — — — — — —138 (of 138)Michiganstate committeeMay 15, 1988 Compromise Slates Picked To Democratic Convention 3A Detroit Free Press (Detroit, Michigan) https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-compromise-slates-pic/196917884/ Newspapers.com 55 del. 74 del. — — 9 del. — — — — —May 1517 (of 17)Alaskastate conventionMay 16, 1988 State Democrats Split Vote Evenly; Jackson, Dukakis Both Win 7 Delegates B1 Anchorage Times (Anchorage, Alaska) https://www.newspapers.com/article/anchorage-times-state-democrats-split-vo/196916628/ Newspapers.comMay 16, 1988 Delegates: Jackson, Dukakis Split Vote B2 Anchorage Times (Anchorage, Alaska) https://www.newspapers.com/article/anchorage-times-delegates-jackson-duka/196916673/ Newspapers.com 7 del. 7 del. — — — — — 3 del. — —23 (of 23)Mainestate conventionMay 16, 1988 Maine Democrats Finish Delegate Selection 1 Portland Press Herald (Portland, Maine) https://www.newspapers.com/article/portland-press-herald-maine-democrats-fi/196912144/ Newspapers.comMay 16, 1988 Maine Democrats Finish Delegate Selection (Continued) 8 Portland Press Herald (Portland, Maine) https://www.newspapers.com/article/portland-press-herald-maine-democrats-fi/196912251/ Newspapers.com 11 del. 9 del. — — — — — 3 del. — —May 1745 (of 45)OregonprimaryMay 18, 1988 How Oregon Voted 6 Albany Democrat-Herald (Albany, Oregon) https://www.newspapers.com/article/albany-democrat-herald-how-oregon-voted/196449179/ Newspapers.com 27 del.208,795(55.46%) 18 del.143,593(38.14%) 7,211(1.92%) 4,918(1.31%) 9,123(2.42%) — — — 2,817OregonOtherVote All votes are for Lyndon LaRouche.(0.75%) 376,457May 2014 (of 49)ColoradoCD congressional district conventionsColoradoDistrictConventionsMay20 Not all district conventions in Colorado were held on the same day; on this date, the 2nd, 3rd and 4th districts held conventions.May 22, 1988 State's Democrats Give Dukakis Edge 3B Pueblo Chieftain (Pueblo, Colorado) https://www.newspapers.com/article/pueblo-chieftain-states-democrats-give/196983618/ Newspapers.com 10 del. 4 del. — — — — — — — —May 2120 (of 49)Coloradostate convention 14 del. 6 del. — — — — — — — —14 (of 14)Vermontstate conventionMay 22, 1988 Dukakis To Control Vt.'s Delegation To National Convention 1 The Rutland Daily Herald (Rutland, Vermont) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-rutland-daily-herald-dukakis-to-cont/196913569/ Newspapers.comMay 22, 1988 Dukakis To Control Vt.'s Delegation To National Convention (Continued) 8 The Rutland Daily Herald (Rutland, Vermont) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-rutland-daily-herald-dukakis-to-cont/196913653/ Newspapers.com 6 del. 7 del. — — — — — 1 del. — —May 2315 (of 15)Delawarestate conventionMay 24, 1988 Jackson Gets Lion's Share Of State Delegates B1 Evening Journal (Wilmington, Delaware) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-journal-jackson-gets-lions-sha/196915876/ Newspapers.com 4 del. 7 del. — — — — — 4 del. — —May 240 (of 18)IdahoprimaryMay 25, 1988 Dukakis, Bush Are Handy Winners 2 The Coeur d'Alene Press (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-coeur-dalene-press-dukakis-bush-ar/196449742/ Newspapers.com 37,576(73.33%) 8,020(15.65%) 1,903(3.71%) 1,456(2.84%) — — — 2,287(4.46%) — 51,242May 2823 (of 36)Arizonareg. regional caucusesMay 29, 1988 State Democrats Pick 23 Delegates For Convention A8 Arizona Republic (Phoenix, Arizona) https://www.newspapers.com/article/arizona-republic-state-democrats-pick-23/196922126/ Newspapers.com 14 del. 9 del. — — — — — — — —20 (of 20)Hawaiistate conventionMay 30, 1988 Openness Marks Democrats' Meet A3 Honolulu Star-Bulletin (Honolulu, Hawaii) https://www.newspapers.com/article/honolulu-star-bulletin-openness-marks-de/196918027/ Newspapers.com 12 del. 8 del. — — — — — — — —June 413 (of 36)Arizonastate conventionJune 5, 1988 Mofford Appears At Dinner; Attends Party; Feels 'Rough' A8 Arizona Republic (Phoenix, Arizona) https://www.newspapers.com/article/arizona-republic-mofford-appears-at-dinn/196922218/ Newspapers.com 9 del. 5 del. — — — — — — — —62 (of 178)Pennsylvaniastate committee 62 del. — — — — — — — — —43 (of 65)WashingtonCD congressional district conventionsJune 5, 1988 Robertson Backers Join Convention Grumps A5 The Columbian (Vancouver, Washington) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-columbian-dukakis-delegate-total-le/196978517/ Newspapers.com 25 del. 18 del. — — — — — — — —June 7314 (of 314)CaliforniaprimaryCaliforniaPrimary Only ~99% precincts had reported in by the time the source was published.June 9, 1988 Election Results A15 The Tribune (Oakland, California) https://www.newspapers.com/article/oakland-tribune-election-results/196902773/ Newspapers.comJune 9, 1988 California's Democratic Presidential Vote 23 The Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles, California) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-los-angeles-times-californias-democ/196903373/ Newspapers.com 198 del.1,778,436(59.89%) 116 del.1,050,750(35.38%) 53,227(1.79%) 63,307(2.13%) — — — — 23,884CaliforniaOtherVote All votes are for Lyndon LaRouche.(0.80%) 2,969,60419 (of 19)MontanaprimaryJune 9, 1988 National, State Race Results 23 The Billings Gazette (Billings, Montana) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-billings-gazette-national-state-rac/196903526/ Newspapers.comJune 9, 1988 Drawing The Battle Lines 7 The Montana Standard (Butte, Montana) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-montana-standard-drawing-the-battle/196903870/ Newspapers.com 15 del.83,017(68.64%) 4 del.26,774(22.14%) 2,196(1.82%) 1,598(1.32%) 3,446(2.85%) — — 3,912(3.23%) — 120,943109 (of 109)New JerseyprimaryJune 8, 1988 National, State Race Results A7 The Courier-News (Bridgewater, New Jersey) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-courier-news-county-by-county-the-d/196904290/ Newspapers.comJune 9, 1988 Dukakis Warned About 'Giving In' 1 The Times (Trenton, New Jersey) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-times-dukakis-warned-about-giving-i/196904675/ Newspapers.comJune 9, 1988 Dukakis Warned About 'Giving In' (Continued) A11 The Times (Trenton, New Jersey) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-times-dukakis-warned-about-giving-i/196904765/ Newspapers.com 100 del.401,547(64.66%) 9 del.193,791(31.21%) 17,649(2.84%) — — — — — 7,978NewJerseyOtherVote Includes 2,796 votes at (0.45%) for William A. Marra, 2,726 votes at (0.44%) for Lyndon LaRouche, and 2,456 votes at (0.40%) for David Duke.(1.28%) 620,96524 (of 24)New MexicoprimaryJune 12, 1988 Delegation To Favor Dukakis 1 Albuquerque Journal (Albuquerque, New Mexico) https://www.newspapers.com/article/albuquerque-journal-delegation-to-favor/196905481/ Newspapers.comJune 12, 1988 N.M. Delegation Goes To Atlanta For Dukakis A2 Albuquerque Journal (Albuquerque, New Mexico) https://www.newspapers.com/article/albuquerque-journal-nm-delegation-goes/196905572/ Newspapers.comJune 29, 1988 Officials Release Primary Election Results 1 The Deming Headlight (Deming, New Mexico) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-deming-headlight-officials-release-p/196905043/ Newspapers.com 16 del.114,968(60.96%) 8 del.52,988(28.09%) 4,747(2.52%) 2,821(1.50%) — 6,898(3.66%) 2,913(1.54%) 3,275(1.74%) — 188,610June 1117 (of 78)Minnesotastate conventionJune 13, 1988 DFLers Wrap Up Meeting; Dukakis Gets 17 Delegates, Jackson Camp Garners 10 1 The Winona Daily News (Winona, Minnesota) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-winona-daily-news-dflers-wrap-up-mee/196914762/ Newspapers.comJune 13, 1988 DFL/Simon, Pro-Lifers Are Major Losers At Convention 4A The Winona Daily News (Winona, Minnesota) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-winona-daily-news-dflsimon-pro-lif/196914832/ Newspapers.com 17 del. 10 del. — — — — — — — —22 (of 65)Washingtonstate conventionJune 13, 1988 Dukakis Has Majority Of Demo Delegation A9 Spokane Chronicle (Spokane, Washington) https://www.newspapers.com/article/spokane-chronicle-dukakis-has-majority-o/196978804/ Newspapers.com 13 del. 9 del. — — — — — — — —June 1818 (of 18)Idahostate conventionJune 19, 1988 Battle Ensues Over Delegate Selection A3 The Times-News (Twin Falls, Idaho) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-times-news-battle-ensues-over-delega/196915369/ Newspapers.comJune 21, 1988 Idaho Democratic Delegates Named 4 Shoshone County News-Press (Kellogg, Idaho) https://www.newspapers.com/article/shoshone-news-press-idaho-democratic-del/196915417/ Newspapers.com 9 del. 3 del. — — — — — 6 del. — —64 (of 183)Texasstate conventionJune 18, 1988 Dukakis Grabs Texas Votes 22A The Odessa American (Odessa, Texas) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-odessa-american-dukakis-grabs-texas/196917641/ Newspapers.com 29 del. 25 del. 10 del. — — — — — — —June 2518 (of 52)Iowastate conventionJune 27, 1988 The Gazette 5A The Des Moines Register (Des Moines, Iowa) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-gazette-delegates-chosen-after-long/196906872/ Newspapers.com 10 del. 5 del. — — — — — 3 del. — —23 (of 23)Utahstate conventionJune 23, 1988 Demos To Replace Retiring Rampton, Norma Matheson At State Convention B3 The Salt Lake Tribune (Salt Lake City, Utah) https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-salt-lake-tribune-demos-to-replace-r/196973653/ Newspapers.com 20 del. 3 del. — — — — — — — —Totals1,726.5 del.9,705,590(42.17%)1,056 del.6,732,778(29.26%)375 del.3,124,278(13.58%)147 del.1,078,112(4.68%)126 del.1,432,080(6.22%)1 del.354,298(1.54%)0 del.80,483(0.35%)106.5 del.238,420(1.04%)2 del.267,110(1.16%)3,540 del.23,013,149PrimaryVoteTotal In the case of a state which held multiple contests, the higher raw vote total is used. Democratic convention 1988 Democratic National Convention 1988 United States presidential election The Democratic Party Convention was held in Atlanta, Georgia, on July 18–21. The Dukakis nominating speech delivered by Arkansas governor and future president Bill Clinton was widely criticized as too long and tedious.I just fell on my sword John Brummert Arkansas Democrat-Gazette 1988-07-22 Texas State Treasurer Ann Richards (who two years later became the state governor in 1990) delivered a memorable keynote address in which she uttered the lines "Poor George [Bush], he can't help it, he was born with a silver foot in his mouth." Six years later, Bush's son George W. Bush would deny Richards re-election as Texas governor in 1994. With most candidates having withdrawn and asking their delegates to vote for Dukakis, the tally for president was as follows:http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=58504 Our Campaigns - US President - D Convention Race - Jul 18, 1988 www.ourcampaigns.com 5 April 2018 Michael Dukakis - 2,877 (70.09%) Jesse Jackson - 1,219 (29.70%) Richard Stallings - 3 (0.07%) Joe Biden - 2 (0.05%) Dick Gephardt - 2 (0.05%) Lloyd Bentsen - 1 (0.02%) Gary Hart - 1 (0.02%) Jesse Jackson's campaign believed that since they had come in a respectable second, Jackson was entitled to the vice presidential spot. Dukakis refused, and gave the spot to Lloyd Bentsen. Bentsen was selected in large part to secure the state of Texas and its large electoral vote for the Democrats. During the vice-presidential debate, Republican candidate and Senator Dan Quayle ignored a head-on confrontation with Bentsen (aside from the "Jack Kennedy" comparison) and spent his time attacking Dukakis. See also 1988 Republican Party presidential primaries Notes StateDelegateEquivalents State delegate equivalents (SDEs) are used to calculate how many delegates each candidate gets both in each district and on state level. MinnesotaCaucusesPercentages Official figures as released by the state party; rounded percentages only. PuertoRicoPrimaryPercentages Updated figures with 91% of precincts reporting in; rounded percentages only. References 30em External links Booknotes interview with Jeanne Simon on Codename: ScarlettLife on the Campaign Trail by the Wife of a Presidential Candidate, July 23, 1989. Booknotes interview with Dayton Duncan on Grass Roots: One Year in the Life of the New Hampshire Presidential Primary, March 31, 1991. Category:Jesse Jackson Category:Mario Cuomo Category:Michael Dukakis Category:Al Gore Category:Joe Biden