1881 Chios earthquake

Earthquake on the island of Chios in 1881 1881 Chios earthquake yes 3 April 1881 13:40 Greece 6.5 w y, 7.3 s y 38.25 26.25 inline,title Chios, Çeşme minor XI 7,866 thumb|300px|View after 1881 earthquake. Wood-engraving by Charles Barbant The 1881 Chios earthquake occurred at 13:40 local time (11:30 UTC) on 3 April. It caused severe damage on the island of Chios and also affected Çeşme and Alaçatı on the coast of Ottoman Ionia, now in Turkey. The earthquake had an estimated magnitude of 7.3 and there were an estimated 7,866 casualties. The devastation from the earthquake was the last of the three 'catastrophes' that affected the island of Chios in the 19th century. Tectonic setting The Aegean Sea is an area of mainly extensional tectonics caused by the subduction of the African plate beneath Aegean Sea plate.http://geophysics.geo.auth.gr/new_web_site_2007/download_files/costas_CV/139.pdf Active seismotectonic structures in the area of Chios Island, North Aegean sea, revealed from microseismicity and fault plane solutions Karakostas V. G. Papadimitrio, E. E. Trano, M. D. Papazachos, C. B. amp 2007 31 July 2010 21 July 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110721075327/http://geophysics.geo.auth.gr/new_web_site_2007/download_files/costas_CV/139.pdf dead Damage The town of Chios was devastated, causing many casualties, partly due to the narrowness of the streets. In the rest of the island, 25 out of the 64 villages were destroyed with another 17 badly damaged. In both Çeşme and Alaçatı about 40% of the houses were destroyed. The number of casualties on the Ionian mainland was low, possibly due to most of the inhabitants leaving their houses to watch the passage of the passenger ship Aya Evangelistra from the shore.Altinok Y. Alpar B. Özer N. Gazioglu C. amp 2005 1881 and 1949 earthquakes at the Chios-Cesme Strait (Aegean Sea) and their relation to tsunamis Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 5 5 717–725 http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/29/92/70/PDF/nhess-5-717-2005.pdf 31 July 2010 10.5194/nhess-5-717-2005 2005NHESS...5..717A free Characteristics The epicenter of the earthquake was in the southeastern part of Chios where intensities reached IX (Violent) on the Mercalli intensity scale. Isoseismal maps show an elongation west to east with an area of intensity VIII (Severe) affecting the western end of the Karaburun Peninsula of the Turkish mainland. Vertical movements of up to 2.5 m on were observed. Magnitudes ranging from w = 6.5 to s= 7.3 https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/2298 Significant Earthquake Information National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information 1972 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information 2 August 2022 10.7289/V5TD9V7K have been estimated for this event. A minor tsunami was reported, based on the presence of fresh sand in a garden in Chios, but there is no other information available. There were many strong aftershocks, the most damaging being on 5 April, 11 April (2), 12 April, 13 April, 18 April, 20 May, 9 June and 26 August. Aftermath After the earthquake many of the inhabitants of Chios left the island.Woodward J. The physical geography of the Mediterranean https://books.google.com/books?id=ESGTr14RyBgC&pg=PA485 2009 978-0-19-926803-0 485 OUP Oxford This followed the trend set by the other two 'catastrophes' of the 19th century that devastated the island, the massacre of Chios in 1822 and the failure of the orange crop in 1833. Together these events left most of Chios in a state of poverty and severely underpopulated.Argenti P. Chius Vincta: or, The occupation of Chios by the Turks, 1566 and their administration of the island 1566–1912 : described in contemporary diplomatic reports and official dispatches https://books.google.com/books?id=dpk3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PR211 31 July 2010 1941 Cambridge University Press 264 See also List of earthquakes in Greece List of historical earthquakes References 1881 Chios 1881 Chios Category:1881 in Greece Category:1881 in the Ottoman Empire 1881 Category:1881 earthquakes Category:April 1881 in Europe Category:1880s disasters in Europe Category:19th-century disasters in Greece Category:19th-century disasters in the Ottoman Empire