1892 Laguna Salada earthquake

Earthquake centred near Mexico–United States border May 2025 February 2025 1892 Laguna Salada earthquake yes 23 February 1892 23:20 Pacific standard time 1892-02-24 07:20 ushis300 USA West 1 USA Region West landcover location map.jpg USA West 32.72 -117.16 100 San Diego left Green pog.svg USA West 34.05 -118.25 100 Los Angeles top Green pog.svg USA West 30.56 -115.94 100 San Quintín left Green pog.svg USA West 32.73 -115.5 Bullseye1.png 40 250 right 7.1–7.2 la y Baja California Southern California VIII 32.73 -115.50 inline,title Oblique-slip Laguna Salada Fault None The 1892 Laguna Salada earthquake occurred at 23:20 Pacific Standard Time on February 23 07:20 UTC on February 24. It had an estimated moment magnitude of 7.1–7.2 and a maximum perceived intensity of VIII (Severe). The shock was centered near the Mexico–United States border and takes its name from a large dry lake bed in Baja California, Mexico. There were no reported casualties, but the event affected the then largely-uninhabited areas of northern Mexico and Southern California. Tectonic setting Extensional tectonics The Salton Trough is part of the complex plate boundary between the Pacific plate and the North American plate where it undergoes a transition from the continental transform of the San Andreas Fault system to the series of short spreading centers of the East Pacific Rise linked by oceanic transforms in the Gulf of California. The southern part of the trough is divided into two by the Sierra Cucapa and Sierra Mayor ranges forming the Mexicali Valley to the east and the Laguna Salada to the west. The western side of these ranges is formed by the Laguna Salada Fault, which forms a possible continuation of the Elsinore Fault Zone of southern California. The Laguna Salada Fault shows combined normal (down to the southwest) and dextral (right-lateral) movement. Prior to 2010 it showed evidence of recent (probably historical) displacement with a 22 km on zone of surface faulting, and 3 - 4 m on of vertical displacement. This is interpreted to be associated with the 1892 earthquake.Mueller K.J. Rockwell T.K. 1995 Late quaternary activity of the Laguna Salada fault in northern Baja California, Mexico Geological Society of America Bulletin 107 1 8–18 10.1130/0016-7606(1995)107<0008:LQAOTL>2.3.CO;2 1995GSAB..107....8M Earthquake Selected Mercalli intensities MMI Locations VIII Carizzo Station, Hook Ranch VII Colorado Desert, El Cajon, CA VI Jamul, CA, National City, CA 5 Julian, CA, Ensenada, Baja California Hough Elliot 2004 1573, 1574 The earthquake was felt over a wide area from Los Angeles and San Bernardino in the north to San Quintin in the south.https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/2413 Significant Earthquake Information National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. 10.7289/V5TD9V7K 21 March 2024 The area in which the perceived intensity of shaking reached VIII (Severe) or more was centered on the mapped fault rupture.Hough S.E. Susan Hough Elliot A. 2004 Revisiting the 23 February 1892 Laguna Salada earthquake Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 94 4 1571–1578 http://scec.usc.edu/eqresponse/sites/default/files/forum/2010/04/1892_hough_elliot.pdf 10.1785/012003244 2004BuSSA..94.1571H 2012-01-03 https://web.archive.org/web/20120302023240/http://scec.usc.edu/eqresponse/sites/default/files/forum/2010/04/1892_hough_elliot.pdf 2012-03-02 dead At least 22 km of the Laguna Salada and Cañon Rojo faults ruptured during the earthquake. The section of the Laguna Salada Fault involved had an oblique-slip mechanism while the Cañon Rojo Fault corresponded to normal-faulting. Based on the extent of rupture and coseismic slip, at 4 m for right-lateral and 3.5 m for normal, the obtained moment magnitude was 7.1. The rupture may have been longer than thought; possibly propagating further north in a region dominated by sand dunes while the southern rupture end may have extended 10 km. Susan Hough and Austin Elliot estimated a moment magnitude of 7.2 based on their reassessment of the reported Mercalli intensities. Damage A report from the Los Angeles Times the following day stated no damage was found in Los Angeles, but also specified that severe shocks were felt in San Diego.The Earthquake; No Damage in the City; Heavy Shocks at San Diego; More Quakes This Morning February 25, 1892 Los Angeles Times Masonry walls were cracked in several buildings there, as well as the outlying communities of Otay and Jamul. At the abandoned Carrizo Creek Stage Station, in what is now Anza-Borrego Desert State Park in eastern San Diego county,An Isolated Frontier Outpost – Historical and Archaeological Investigations of the Carrizo Creek Stage Station http://www.parks.ca.gov/pages/22491/files/carrizo_creek_historical_and_archaeological_investigations_june_2007.pdf Stephen R. Van Wormer Sue Wade Susan D. Walter Susan Arter California Department of Parks and Recreation June 30, 2007 2012-01-07 poorly built masonry was damaged and all adobe buildings were destroyed. At Hook Ranch and Laguna Station the shaking was strong enough to throw people off their feet and at Dulzura Canyon and McCain Valley the ground was seen to move in waves. There were rockfalls at Bratton Valley, Tierra Blanca Canyon, Storm Canyon and Whale Peak and landslides at Dulzura Canyon and Devil's Canyon. Aftershocks At Campo, California 155 aftershocks were felt in the first 12 hours after the mainshock and continued every few days for the next two months. Other events The Laguna Salada fault moved again during the 2010 Baja California earthquake.https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2010/ci14607652/#summary Magnitude 7.2 – BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO United States Geological Survey April 10, 2010 5 January 2012 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20100407144014/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2010/ci14607652/ 7 April 2010 See also List of earthquakes in California List of earthquakes in the United States List of historical earthquakes References Stover C.W. Coffman J.L. Seismicity of the United States, 1568–1989 (Revised) U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1527 https://books.google.com/books?id=bY0KAQAAIAAJ 1993 United States Government Printing Office 110 External links Rupture Pattern of the 1892 Laguna Salada Earthquake: A Precursor to 2010 El Mayor-Cucapah – Southern California Earthquake Center 1892 1892 Laguna Salada Laguna Salada Laguna Salada Laguna Salada Earthquake Earthquake Category:Geology of Imperial County, California Category:Natural history of Baja California Earthquake Earthquake Earthquake Category:February 1892 in the United States Category:February 1892 in North America Category:1892 disasters in North America Category:1892 disasters in Mexico