1993 New Zealand general election

General election in New Zealand April 2024 March 2022 1993 New Zealand general election 1,922,796 (82.82%) New Zealand parliamentary no 1990 New Zealand general election 1990 43rd New Zealand Parliament 1996 New Zealand general election 1996 All 99 seats in the House of Representatives 50 yes 1993 11 6 elected members Opinion polling for the 1993 New Zealand general election bolger,_1992.jpg 125 120 160 0 0 Jim Bolger 26 March 1986 New Zealand National Party King Country 67 seats, 47.82% 63 50 17 673,892 35.05% 12.77% Mike Moore, 1992 (crop).jpg 155 120 160 5 20 Mike Moore 4 September 1990 New Zealand Labour Party Christchurch North 29 seats, 35.14% 29 45 16 666,759 34.68% 0.46% Jim Anderton, 2010.jpg 190 120 160 0 10 Jim Anderton 1 December 1991 Alliance (New Zealand political party) Sydenham 1 seat, 14.28%Alliance results compared with 1990 totals of NewLabour Party, Democratic Party, Mana Motuhake and Green Party. 2 2 350,063 18.21% 3.93% Winston Peters cropped.PNG 150 120 160 0 10 Winston Peters 18 July 1993 New Zealand First Tauranga New party 2 2 161,481 8.40% 8.40% 1993 New Zealand general election.svg 350px Results by electorate, shaded by winning margin Prime Minister Subsequent Prime Minister Jim Bolger Jim Bolger New Zealand National Party New Zealand National Party The 1993 New Zealand general election was held on 6 November 1993 to determine the composition of the 44th New Zealand Parliament. Voters elected 99 members to the House of Representatives, up from 97 members at the 1990 election. The election was held concurrently with an electoral reform referendum to replace the first-past-the-post system, with all members elected from single-member electorates, with mixed-member proportional representation. The referendum carried by 53.9% to 46.1%. Due to the result of the referendum, this was the last NZ election where all the members were elected by direct election in districts. Prior to the next election, NZ shifted to a mixed member proportional system. The election re-elected the governing National Party, led by Jim Bolger, to a second term in office, despite a major swing away from National in both seats and votes.Results of the 1993 referendum on the electoral system https://teara.govt.nz/en/graph/35700/results-of-the-1993-referendum-on-the-electoral-system 24 September 2023 TEARA Having broken electoral campaign promises and embarked on supply-side economics and wide-sweeping cuts during his first term, Bolger led the most unpopular government since the Great Depression.Frontline TVNZ 1 27 October 1993 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t9KqjmvaTu4&t=1091s The neoliberal actions of Ruth Richardson, his Minister of Finance, were termed Ruthanasia by the media, and her Mother of all Budgets in 1991 caused huge protests. By September 1991, support for National had plummeted to a hitherto unprecedented polling low of 22%. Mike Moore, ousted by Bolger in a landslide just three years before, attacked National's caucus as dangerous right-wing extremists, and enjoyed considerable personal popularity. While the high unemployment Ruthanasia had caused had recovered somewhat by 1993, Bolger's approval ratings remained dire against Moore up until election day.1993-11-06 Bolger remains NZ's unpopular choice: The leader of the National Party https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/bolger-remains-nz-s-unpopular-choice-the-leader-of-the-national-party-is-widely-detested-but-is-still-likely-to-retain-power-today-writes-david-barber-in-wellington-1502398.html 2023-09-27 The Independent en With a vote difference of just 7,133 between the two major parties, the election was one of the closest in New Zealand history. Bolger's 17-seat majority gained in 1990 was pared back to a bare majority of one seat. The Labour Party, led by former Prime Minister Mike Moore, enjoyed a 16-seat rise and almost won outright. The two smaller parties - Winston Peters' New Zealand First, which he formed after leaving National over conflict with their economic policy, and Jim Anderton's Alliance of parties to the left of Labour - both outperformed expectations and won significant shares of the vote. However, the first-past-the-post system kept them from gaining more than two seats each. If MMP had been in use, the left-wing bloc of Labour and the Alliance – having secured a larger share of the vote than National or New Zealand First – would likely have formed a government. This was the last time prior to the 2020 election where a party won an absolute majority of seats. Background Before the election, the National Party governed with 64 seats, while the opposition Labour Party held only 29. The 1990 election had been a major victory for the National Party, with the unpopular Fourth Labour Government being decisively defeated. The Labour Party had become unpopular for its ongoing economic reforms, nicknamed Rogernomics after Minister of Finance Roger Douglas, which were based around liberalisation, privatisation, and the removal of tariffs and subsidies. The National Party divided as to the merits of the reforms, with conservatives generally opposed and libertarians generally in favour. The party had fought the 1990 election saying that the Labour government's program was too radical, and was being carried out without any thought of the social consequences – Jim Bolger spoke about "the Decent Society", promising a return to a more moderate and balanced platform. Once in government, however, the key Minister of Finance role was taken not by a moderate but by Ruth Richardson, who wished to expand, not end, the economic reforms. Upon gaining power, Richardson intensified the deregulation, creating an portfolio of neoliberal policies popularly known as Ruthanasia. Richardson's "Mother of all Budgets", released in 1991, slashed available unemployment, sickness and welfare benefits. The families benefit by $25.00 to $27.00, unemployment benefit was cut by $14.00 a week, sickness benefit by $27.04. Universal payments for family benefits were completely abolished, and user pay schemes were introduced in a libertarian fashion.Russell Marcia Carlaw John 1996 Revolution (part four) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MsvmVKqkX_o 4 February 2017 YouTube video Revpt4 14:44-15:1812 January 2007 New Zealand as it might have been: From Ruthanasia to President Bolger The New Zealand Herald http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10418702 8 December 2014 6 August 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200806071537/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10418702 dead The Employment Contracts Act sought to weaken trade unions, by meaning employees had to have individual contracts or be on a single-employer collective agreement.Braae Alex 2021-05-15 How New Zealand's employment laws changed forever, 30 years ago today https://thespinoff.co.nz/politics/15-05-2021/how-new-zealands-employment-laws-changed-forever-30-years-ago-today 2023-09-29 The Spinoff en Richardson also ended free tertiary education altogether, after the Fourth Labour Government had ended bursaries.How we racked up $16 billion in student debt in NZ https://www.renews.co.nz/how-we-racked-up-16-billion-in-student-debt-in-nz/ 2023-09-29 www.renews.co.nz en-UShttps://teara.govt.nz/en/tertiary-education/page-4 Tertiary sector reform from the 1980s – Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand 11 February 2024 These policies, a steep departure even from Rogernomics, led to a major backlash in multiple aspects of society, both on the left and the right. Students and trade unionists led protests and marches in Wellington and Auckland against university cuts and the Employment Contracts Bill.Rapira Laura O'Connell 2019-09-28 How Ruth Richardson's Mother of all Budgets is still f*cking us today https://thespinoff.co.nz/atea/28-09-2019/how-ruth-richardsons-mother-of-all-budgets-is-still-fcking-us-today 2023-09-29 The Spinoff enhttps://natlib.govt.nz/records/23201388 Demonstration against Employment Contracts Bill, Wellington 2023-09-29 natlib.govt.nz Many of the voters who had felt betrayed by Labour's reforms now felt betrayed by the National Party as well. The Mother of all Budgets not only caused widespread public contempt for the National Party but also wreaked havoc internally.Espiner Guyon The 9th Floor: Conversations with five New Zealand Prime Ministers Radio New Zealand & Bridget Williams Books 2017 9781988533223 Wellington 97, 98 The budget was lamented by the conservative wing of the National Party; former Prime Minister Sir Robert Muldoon resigned from his Tamaki electorate in protest of Richardson's policies, triggering a by-election. Polling declined massively for National, and Mike Moore shot up in approval ratings while attacking National's caucus as right-wing extremists.Historical Pollling Data 1974–2021 http://www.polled.co.nz/historicalpollingdata.php 10 March 2022 Patrick Leyland According to an episode of Frontline on TVNZ 1 that aired less than two weeks before the election, Bolger led the most unpopular government since the Great Depression. By September 1991, support for National had plummeted to a hitherto unprecedented polling low of 22%. The Alliance, the largest "third party", was a broad coalition of five smaller groups – the NewLabour Party (a Labour splinter), the Democrats (a social credit party), the Greens (an environmentalist party), Mana Motuhake (a Māori party), and the Liberal Party (a National splinter). The Alliance held three seats in Parliament – one belonged to Jim Anderton, who had been re-elected under a NewLabour banner in the seat he had formerly held for Labour, while the other two belonged to the National MPs who formed the Liberal Party. In its first electoral test, the 1992 by-election in Tamaki, the Alliance had performed well, taking second place. Another smaller group was New Zealand First, a party established by former National MP Winston Peters. Peters had broken with his party after a number of policy disputes with its leadership, and resigned from parliament to contest his seat as an independent. After being overwhelmingly re-elected, Peters established New Zealand First to promote his views. Peters was the party's sole MP. Another consequence of dissatisfaction with both major parties was the referendum conducted alongside the 1993 election. The culmination of the larger decade-long New Zealand electoral reform process, the referendum was held following the September 1992 indicative referendum, which saw 85% of voters voting for change from the existing First Past The Post (FPP) system, and 70% choosing the Mixed Member Proportional (MMP) as its preferred replacement: a proportional system which would make it easier for smaller parties to win seats. It asked voters to choose whether to keep the existing FPP system or change to MMP, with 53.9% of voters opting to change to MMP. While National and Labour usually stood candidates in every seat, National was one candidate short as their Southern Maori candidate apparently did not apply in time. MPs retiring in 1993 Four MPs, including three National MPs and one Labour MP, intended to retire at the end of the 43rd Parliament. Party Name Electorate National Jeff Grant Awarua Jeff Whittaker Hastings Gail McIntosh Lyttlelton Labour Sonja Davies Pencarrow Electoral system In this election, the first past the post electoral system was used. Ninety-five MPs were elected in general electorates covering the country. In addition, the country was divided into four Māori electorates. All electorates returned a single member.October 2025 The election The election was held on 6 November. 2,321,664 people were registered to vote, and 85.2% turned out. This turnout was almost exactly the same as for the previous election, although slightly less than what would be seen for the following one. Results With a vote difference of just 7,133 between the two major parties, the election was one of the closest in New Zealand history. Preliminary results based on election night counts saw the country facing its first hung parliament since 1931, with no party gaining the 50 seats required for a majority. The National Party won 49 seats, a drop of 15 from before the election, and Labour had won 46 seats, with the balance of power held with the Alliance and New Zealand First, which won two seats each.https://www.orlandosentinel.com/1993/11/08/a-hung-parliament-seems-likely-for-new-zealand/ A Hung Parliament Seems Likely For New Zealand Orlando Sentinel 8 November 1993 25 October 2011 4 March 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095336/http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1993-11-08/news/9311080410_1_new-zealand-zealand-first-party-seat live http://www.national.org.nz/About/history.aspx History of the National Party New Zealand National Party 25 October 2011 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20140416120337/http://www.national.org.nz/About/history.aspx 16 April 2014 This led to Jim Bolger saying on public television, "Bugger the pollsters", as polls had predicted a comfortable National victory.http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/political/327947/pollsters,-prophets-and-politics-on-the-ball-or-off-the-mark Pollsters, prophets and politics: On the ball or off the mark? Craig McCulloch 2 April 2017 Radio New Zealand Bolger reacted to the election results by giving a conciliatory speech, while Labour leader Mike Moore delivered a speech later described by political scientist Jack Vowles as "damaging" and "more appropriate for a decisive Labour win than a narrow defeat."Vowles Jack Voters' Victory?: New Zealand's First Election under Proportional Representation 2013 Auckland University Press 9781869407131 https://books.google.com/books?id=PEFeAwAAQBAJ&q=mike+moore+1993+election+night+speech&pg=PT29 On election night result with the two major parties tied, the Governor-General Dame Catherine Tizard asked her predecessor Sir David Beattie to form a committee, along with three retired appeal court judges, to decide whom to appoint as prime minister.The Governors: New Zealand's Governors and Governors-General Gavin McLean Otago University Press 1-877372-25-0 2006 However National won one more seat and was returned to power when the official count saw the seat of Waitaki swing from Labour to National, giving National 50 seats and Labour 45 seats. Labour's Sir Peter Tapsell agreed to become speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives (so that National would not lose a vote in the house). Hence National had a majority of one seat. The 1993–1996 parliamentary term would see a number of defections from both major parties, meaning that National would eventually be forced to make alliances to retain power. Detailed results Party totals Summary of the 6 November 1993 New Zealand House of Representatives election resultsElections to the New Zealand House of Representatives http://electionresources.org/nz/#MMP Election Resources on the Internet 17 December 2011 |colspan=7|center |- ! colspan=2 rowspan=2 width=200 |Party ! rowspan=2 |Votes ! colspan=2 |% of votes ! colspan=2 |Seats |- style="background-color:#E9E9E9; text-align:center" ! % ! change ! total ! change |- | New Zealand National Party | style="text-align:left;" |National | style="text-align:right;" | 673,892 | style="text-align:right;" | 35.05 | style="text-align:right;" | -12.78 | style="text-align:right;" | 50 | style="text-align:right;" | -17 |- | New Zealand Labour Party | style="text-align:left;" |Labour | style="text-align:right;" | 666,759 | style="text-align:right;" | 34.68 | style="text-align:right;" | -0.46 | style="text-align:right;" | 45 | style="text-align:right;" | +16 |- | Alliance (New Zealand political party) | style="text-align:left;" |Alliance | style="text-align:right;" | 350,064 | style="text-align:right;" | 18.21 | style="text-align:right;" | +3.93a | style="text-align:right;" | 2 | style="text-align:right;" | +1b |- | New Zealand First | style="text-align:left;" |NZ First | style="text-align:right;" | 161,481 | style="text-align:right;" | 8.40 | style="text-align:right;" | +8.4 | style="text-align:right;" | 2 | style="text-align:right;" | +2 |- | Christian Heritage New Zealand | style="text-align:left;" |Christian Heritage | style="text-align:right;" | 38,749 | style="text-align:right;" | 2.02 | style="text-align:right;" | +1.49 | style="text-align:right;" | 0 | style="text-align:right;" | – |- | McGillicuddy Serious Party | style="text-align:left;" |McGillicuddy Serious | style="text-align:right;" | 11,706 | style="text-align:right;" | 0.61 | style="text-align:right;" | +0.06 | style="text-align:right;" | 0 | style="text-align:right;" | – |- | Natural Law Party of New Zealand | style="text-align:left;" |Natural Law | style="text-align:right;" | 6,056 | style="text-align:right;" | 0.31 | style="text-align:right;" | +0.31 | style="text-align:right;" | 0 | style="text-align:right;" | – |- | Mana Māori Movement | style="text-align:left;" |Mana Māori | style="text-align:right;" | 3,342 | style="text-align:right;" | 0.17 | style="text-align:right;" | +0.17 | style="text-align:right;" | 0 | style="text-align:right;" | – |- | Independent politician | style="text-align:left;" |minor parties and independents | style="text-align:right;" | 10,747 | style="text-align:right;" | 0.56 | style="text-align:right;" | +0.34 | style="text-align:right;" | 0 | style="text-align:right;" | – |- style="background-color:#E9E9E9; text-align:right" | colspan=2 style="text-align:center;" |total votes | 1,922,796 | 100.00 | | 99 | +2 |- |colspan=2| | |colspan=6| |- | style="text-align:center;" colspan=2 |total registered electors | style="text-align:right;" |2,321,664 |colspan=4| |- |style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:left;" colspan=2 |turnout |style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" colspan=5 |82.82% |} a Increase over Alliance's constituent member parties' (Greens, NewLabour, Democrats and Mana Motuhake) combined vote share in 1990. b Increase of one over Alliance's constituent party, NewLabour's result in 1990. Votes summary Popular Vote #ddd 600px 410px National New Zealand National Party 35.05 Labour New Zealand Labour Party 34.68 Alliance Alliance (New Zealand) 18.21 NZ First New Zealand First 8.40 Christian Heritage Christian Heritage Party of New Zealand 2.02 Others #777777 1.65 Parliament seats #ddd 600px 410px National New Zealand National Party 50.50 Labour New Zealand Labour Party 45.45 Alliance Alliance (New Zealand) 2.02 NZ First New Zealand First 2.02 Electorate results 650px|right|thumb The table below shows the results of the 1993 general election by electorate:New Zealand Elections 1972–1993 https://www.nzes.net/files/2024/10/NZ_Elections1972-93.xls New Zealand Election Study 17 December 2011 Key New Zealand National Party New Zealand Labour Party Alliance (New Zealand political party) New Zealand First Independent politician Electorate results for the 1993 New Zealand general election |- |colspan=8 style="background-color:#FFDEAD" | General electorates |- Albany Don McKinnon New Zealand National Party 3,651 Jill Jeffs Alliance (New Zealand political party) Auckland Central Richard Prebble New Zealand Labour Party Sandra Lee Alliance (New Zealand political party) 1,291 Richard Prebble New Zealand Labour Party Avon Larry Sutherland New Zealand Labour Party 5,643 Marie Venning Alliance (New Zealand political party) Awarua Jeff Grant New Zealand National Party Eric Roy New Zealand National Party 2,236 Olivia Scaletti-Longley New Zealand Labour Party Birkenhead Ian Revell New Zealand National Party 104 Ann Hartley New Zealand Labour Party Christchurch Central Lianne Dalziel New Zealand Labour Party 6,189 Andrew Rowe New Zealand National Party Christchurch North Mike Moore New Zealand Labour Party 6,024 Lee Morgan New Zealand National Party Clutha Robin Gray New Zealand National Party 4,117 Jeff Buchanan New Zealand Labour Party Dunedin North Pete Hodgson New Zealand Labour Party 3,794 Hugh Perkins New Zealand National Party Dunedin West Clive Matthewson New Zealand Labour Party 4,477 Ollie Turner New Zealand National Party East Coast Bays Murray McCully New Zealand National Party 4,516 Heather-Anne McConachy Alliance (New Zealand political party) Eastern Bay of Plenty Tony Ryall New Zealand National Party 806 Diane Collins New Zealand Labour Party Eastern Hutt Paul Swain New Zealand Labour Party 4,718 Peter MacMillan New Zealand National Party Eden Christine Fletcher New Zealand National Party 3,394 Verna Smith New Zealand Labour Party Far North John Carter New Zealand National Party 3,425 Maryanne Baker New Zealand First Fendalton Philip Burdon New Zealand National Party 4,982 Tony Day New Zealand Labour Party Franklin Bill Birch New Zealand National Party 3,543 Judy Bischoff Alliance (New Zealand political party) Gisborne Wayne Kimber New Zealand National Party Janet Mackey New Zealand Labour Party 1,068 Wayne Kimber New Zealand National Party Glenfield Peter Hilt New Zealand National Party 1,983 Ann Batten New Zealand Labour Party Hamilton East Tony Steel New Zealand National Party Dianne Yates New Zealand Labour Party 80 Tony Steel New Zealand National Party Hamilton West Grant Thomas New Zealand National Party Martin Gallagher New Zealand Labour Party 449 Grant Thomas New Zealand National Party Hastings Jeff Whittaker New Zealand National Party Rick Barker New Zealand Labour Party 2,571 Cynthia Bowers New Zealand National Party |- | Hauraki | colspan=2 style="text-align:center; background-color:#ececec;" | New electorate | style="background-color:New Zealand National Party;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | Warren Kyd | style="text-align:right;" | 1,870 | style="background-color:Alliance (New Zealand political party);" | | style="text-align:center;" | Jeanette Fitzsimons |- Hawkes Bay Michael Laws New Zealand National Party 3,143 Peter Reynolds New Zealand Labour Party Henderson Jack Elder New Zealand Labour Party 2,130 David Jorgensen New Zealand National Party Heretaunga Peter McCardle New Zealand National Party 832 Heather Simpson New Zealand Labour Party Hobson Ross Meurant New Zealand National Party 2,697 Frank Grover Alliance (New Zealand political party) Horowhenua Hamish Hancock New Zealand National Party Judy Keall New Zealand Labour Party 2,347 Hamish Hancock New Zealand National Party Howick Trevor Rogers New Zealand National Party 5,754 James Clarke New Zealand Labour Party Invercargill Rob Munro New Zealand National Party Mark Peck New Zealand Labour Party 1,174 Rob Munro New Zealand National Party Island Bay Elizabeth Tennet New Zealand Labour Party 5,422 Chris Shields New Zealand National Party Kaimai Robert Anderson New Zealand National Party 372 Peter Brown New Zealand First Kaipara Lockwood Smith New Zealand National Party 2,958 Rosalie Steward Alliance (New Zealand political party) Kapiti Roger Sowry New Zealand National Party 1,038 Rob Calder New Zealand Labour Party King Country Jim Bolger New Zealand National Party 4,506 Murray Simpson New Zealand Labour Party Lyttelton Gail McIntosh New Zealand National Party Ruth Dyson New Zealand Labour Party 677 David Carter New Zealand National Party Manawatu Hamish MacIntyrenb Hamish MacIntyre left National in 1992, joining the Liberal Party which became part of the Alliance Alliance (New Zealand political party) Jill White New Zealand Labour Party 164 Gray Baldwin New Zealand National Party Māngere David Lange New Zealand Labour Party 5,958 Len Richards Alliance (New Zealand political party) Manurewa George Hawkins New Zealand Labour Party 4,014 Mark Chalmers New Zealand National Party Marlborough Doug Kidd New Zealand National Party 2,548 Ron Howard New Zealand Labour Party Matakana Graeme Lee New Zealand National Party 893 John Neill Alliance (New Zealand political party) Matamata John Luxton New Zealand National Party 5,977 John Pemberton Alliance (New Zealand political party) Miramar Graeme Reeves New Zealand National Party Annette King New Zealand Labour Party 2,595 Graeme Reeves New Zealand National Party Mount Albert Helen Clark New Zealand Labour Party 4,656 Vanessa Brown New Zealand National Party Napier Geoff Braybrooke New Zealand Labour Party 4,926 Colleen Pritchard New Zealand National Party Nelson John Blincoe New Zealand Labour Party 2,007 Margaret Emerre New Zealand National Party New Lynn Jonathan Hunt New Zealand Labour Party 1,598 Cliff Robinson Alliance (New Zealand political party) New Plymouth John Armstrong New Zealand National Party Harry Duynhoven New Zealand Labour Party 3,126 John Armstrong New Zealand National Party North Shore Bruce Cliffe New Zealand National Party 4,723 Joel Cayford Alliance (New Zealand political party) Onehunga Grahame Thorne New Zealand National Party Richard Northey New Zealand Labour Party 407 Grahame Thorne New Zealand National Party Onslow Peter Dunne New Zealand Labour Party 1,065 George Mathew New Zealand National Party Otago Warren Cooper New Zealand National Party 3,220 Janet Yiakmis New Zealand Labour Party Otara Trevor Rogers New Zealand National Party Taito Phillip Field New Zealand Labour Party 5,981 Shane Frith New Zealand National Party Pahiatua John Falloon New Zealand National Party 5,178 Margo Martindale New Zealand Labour Party Pakuranga Maurice Williamson New Zealand National Party 5,460 Heather MacKay New Zealand Labour Party Palmerston North Steve Maharey New Zealand Labour Party 3,764 Barbara Stones New Zealand National Party Panmure Judith Tizard New Zealand Labour Party 3,277 Bruce Jesson Alliance (New Zealand political party) Papakura John Robertson New Zealand National Party 484 Nancy Hawks New Zealand Labour Party Papatoetoe Ross Robertson New Zealand Labour Party 5,977 Jim Wild New Zealand National Party Pencarrow Sonja Davies New Zealand Labour Party Trevor Mallard New Zealand Labour Party 2,641 Rosemarie Thomas New Zealand National Party Porirua Graham Kelly New Zealand Labour Party 6,713 Lagi Sipeli New Zealand National Party Raglan Simon Upton New Zealand National Party 4,540 Bill Harris New Zealand Labour Party Rakaia Jenny Shipley New Zealand National Party 4,540 John Howie New Zealand Labour Party Rangiora Jim Gerard New Zealand National Party 4,469 Maureen Little New Zealand Labour Party Rangitīkei Denis Marshall New Zealand National Party 3,422 Bob Peck Alliance (New Zealand political party) Remuera Doug Graham New Zealand National Party 8,619 Mary Tierney Alliance (New Zealand political party) Roskill Gilbert Mylesnb Gilbert Myles left National in 1991, becoming Independent, then joining the Liberal Party, which became part of the Alliance, finally New Zealand First in 1992–93 New Zealand First Phil Goff New Zealand Labour Party 2,205 Allan Spence New Zealand National Party Rotorua Paul East New Zealand National Party 429 Keith Ridings Alliance (New Zealand political party) Selwyn Ruth Richardson New Zealand National Party 888 Ron Mark New Zealand Labour Party St Albans David Caygill New Zealand Labour Party 3,425 Raewyn Dawson New Zealand National Party St Kilda Michael Cullen New Zealand Labour Party 5,071 Leah McBey Alliance (New Zealand political party) Sydenham Jim Anderton Alliance (New Zealand political party) 7,476 Greg Coyle New Zealand Labour Party Tāmaki Clem Simich New Zealand National Party 7,951 Richard Green Alliance (New Zealand political party) Taranaki Roger Maxwell New Zealand National Party 4,871 Stephen Wood New Zealand Labour Party Tarawera Max Bradford New Zealand National Party 4,155 Gordon Dickson New Zealand Labour Party Tasman Nick Smith New Zealand National Party 4,059 Geoff Rowling New Zealand Labour Party Tauranga Winston Petersnb Winston Peters had been an independent since the Tauranga 1993. Independent politician Winston Peters New Zealand First 7,924 John Cronin New Zealand National Party Te Atatū Brian Neeson New Zealand National Party Chris Carter New Zealand Labour Party 1,388 Laila Harré Alliance (New Zealand political party) Timaru Maurice McTigue New Zealand National Party Jim Sutton New Zealand Labour Party 2,940 Maurice McTigue New Zealand National Party Titirangi Marie Hasler New Zealand National Party Suzanne Sinclair New Zealand Labour Party 340 Marie Hasler New Zealand National Party Tongariro Ian Peters New Zealand National Party Mark Burton New Zealand Labour Party 1,951 Ian Peters New Zealand National Party Waikaremoana Roger McClay New Zealand National Party 4,021 Gregg Sheehan New Zealand Labour Party Waikato Rob Storey New Zealand National Party 2,286 Susan Moore New Zealand Labour Party Waipa Katherine O'Regan New Zealand National Party 3,730 John Kilbride Alliance (New Zealand political party) Wairarapa Wyatt Creech New Zealand National Party 2,229 Peter Teahan New Zealand Labour Party Waitakere Brian Neeson New Zealand National Party 3,180 Barbara Hutchinson New Zealand Labour Party Waitaki Alec Neill New Zealand National Party 53 Bruce Albistonnb Albiston was first on election night for Waitaki, but lost when special votes were included New Zealand Labour Party Waitotara Peter Gresham New Zealand National Party 4,545 K F Lehmstedt New Zealand Labour Party Wallace Bill English New Zealand National Party 5,578 Lesley Soper New Zealand Labour Party Wanganui Cam Campionnb Campion became an Independent on 3 March 1993 Independent politician Jill Pettis New Zealand Labour Party 3,371 Gael Donoghue New Zealand National Party Wellington-Karori Pauline Gardiner New Zealand National Party 480 Chris Laidlaw New Zealand Labour Party West Coast Margaret Moir New Zealand National Party Damien O'Connor New Zealand Labour Party 2,920 Margaret Moir New Zealand National Party Western Hutt Joy Quigley New Zealand National Party 1,542 Vern Walsh New Zealand Labour Party Whangarei John Banks New Zealand National Party 1,587 Mark Furey New Zealand Labour Party Yaldhurst Margaret Austin New Zealand Labour Party 2,997 David Watson New Zealand National Party |- |colspan=8 style="background-color:#FFDEAD" | Māori electorates |- Eastern Maori Peter Tapsell New Zealand Labour Party 6,666 Alamein Kopu Alliance (New Zealand political party) Northern Maori Bruce Gregory New Zealand Labour Party Tau Henare New Zealand First 416 Bruce Gregory New Zealand Labour Party Southern Maori Whetu Tirikatene-Sullivan New Zealand Labour Party 6,340 Jules Parkinson New Zealand First Western Maori Koro Wētere New Zealand Labour Party 3,777 Ricky Taiaroa New Zealand First |} Table footnotes: nb Summary of changes Based on the 1991 New Zealand census, an electoral redistribution was carried out; the last one had been carried out in 1987 based on the previous census in 1986.McRobie 1989 127 This resulted in the abolition of nine electorates, and the creation of eleven new electorates. Through an amendment in the Electoral Act in 1965, the number of electorates in the South Island was fixed at 25, so the new electorates increased the number of the North Island electorates by two.McRobie 1989 111 In the South Island, one electorate was abolished (Ashburton), and one electorate was recreated (Rakaia). In the North Island, five electorates were newly created (Eastern Bay of Plenty, Far North, Howick, Matakana, and Wellington-Karori), five electorates were recreated (Franklin, Hauraki, Henderson, Onslow, and Waitakere), and eight electorates were abolished (Bay of Islands, Clevedon, Coromandel, East Cape, Maramarua, Ohariu, Wellington Central, and West Auckland). In many cases an MP from an abolished seat stood for, and was elected to a new one that broadly covered their previous electorate. Abolished Electorate MP relocated New ElectorateAshburtonJenny ShipleyRakaiaBay of IslandsJohn CarterFar NorthClevedonWarren KydHaurakiCoromandelGraeme LeeMatakanaEast CapeTony RyallEastern Bay of PlentyMaramaruaBill BirchFranklinOhariuPeter DunneOnslowWest AucklandJack ElderHendersonOne MP from an abolished electorate failed to win a new electorateWellington CentralPauline Gardiner Wellington-KaroriChris Laidlaw Due to boundary changes, two MPs moved to safer new electoratesMarginal Electorate MP relocated New ElectorateTe AtatuBrian NeesonWaitakereOtaraTrevor RogersHowick New electorates. Eastern Bay of Plenty – most of the abolished East Cape seat, plus part of Tarawera. Won by former East Cape MP Tony Ryall. Far North – most of the abolished Bay of Islands seat. Won by former Bay of Islands MP John Carter. Franklin – part of the abolished Maramarua seat and part of Papakura. Won by former Maramarua MP Bill Birch. Hauraki – parts of the abolished Clevedon, Maramarua, and Coromandel seats. Won by former Clevedon MP Warren Kyd. Henderson – parts taken from the West Auckland, Te Atatu, and Titirangi electorates. Won by former West Auckland MP Jack Elder (Labour). Howick – the eastern part of the Otara seat. Won by former Otara MP Trevor Rogers (National). Matakana – part of the abolished Coromandel seat. Won by former Coromandel MP Graeme Lee. Onslow – the core of the abolished Ohariu seat. Won by former Ohariu MP Peter Dunne (Labour). Rakaia – the abolished Ashburton seat, plus part of the Selwyn seat. Won by former Ashburton MP Jenny Shipley (National). Waitakere – chiefly, the abolished seat of West Auckland. Won by former Te Atatu MP Brian Neeson (National). Wellington-Karori – the abolished Wellington Central seat, plus part of the abolished Ohariu seat. Won by new National MP Pauline Gardiner. The seats of Gisborne, Hamilton East, Hamilton West, Hastings, Horowhenua, Invercargill, Lyttelton, Manawatu, Miramar, New Plymouth, Onehunga, Otara, Roskill, Te Atatu, Timaru, Titirangi, Tongariro, Wanganui and West Coast were won from the National Party by Labour challengers. Seventeen of these seats (Gisborne, Hamilton East, Hamilton West, Hastings, Horowhenua, Lyttelton, Manawatu, Miramar, New Plymouth, Onehunga, Otara, Roskill, Te Atatu, Titirangi, Tongariro, Wanganui & the West Coast) had been won by National from Labour in 1990, so were one-term National seats. The seat of Auckland Central was won from the Labour Party by an Alliance challenger. The challenger was Sandra Lee and the defeated incumbent was Richard Prebble. The seat of Northern Maori was won from the Labour Party by a New Zealand First challenger. The challenger was Tau Henare and the defeated incumbent was Bruce Gregory. The seat of Awarua passed from an incumbent National MP to a new National MP. The seat of Pencarrow passed from an incumbent Labour MP to a new Labour MP. Post-election events A number of local by-elections were required due to the resignation of incumbent local body politicians following their election to Parliament: A by-election to the Auckland City Council was caused after Hauraki Gulf Islands Ward councillor Sandra Lee resigned her seat after she was elected MP for Auckland Central, necessitating a by-election to fill the council vacancy. The by-election was won by Gordon Hodson.The New Zealand Herald 10 Lee ally wins her seat on city council 30 May 1994 Notes References Electoral Atlas of New Zealand McRobie Alan 1989 GP Books Wellington 0-477-01384-8 Temple Philip Temple's Guide to the 44th New Zealand Parliament 1994 McIndoe Publishers Dunedin 0-86868-159-8 Election results 1993 Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place Chief Electoral Office 1993 Category:November 1993 in Oceania