1934 Tour de France

April 2019 May 2019 1934 Tour de France Route of the 1934 Tour de France.png Route of the 1934 Tour de France followed clockwise, starting in Paris 360px 3–29 July 1934 23, including one split stage 4470 km 147h 13' 58" Antonin Magne FRA yellow France Giuseppe Martano ITA 1861 Italy Roger Lapébie FRA France France René Vietto FRA France 1933 1935 The 1934 Tour de France was the 28th edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 3 to 29 July. It consisted of 23 stages over 4470 km 0 on. The race was won by Antonin Magne, who had previously won the 1931 Tour de France. The French team was dominant, holding the yellow jersey for the entire race and winning most of the stages. Every member of the French team won at least one stage. French cyclist René Vietto rose to prominence by winning the mountains classification, but even more by giving up his own chances for the Tour victory by giving first his front wheel and later his bicycle to his team captain Magne. The 1934 Tour de France saw the introduction of the split stage and the individual time trial. Stage 21 was split into two parts, and the second part was an individual time trial, the first one in the history of the Tour de France. Innovations and changes The major introduction in 1934 was the introduction of the individual time trial (ITT). There had been time-trial like stages before in the Tour de France, but they had been run as a team time trial. Since the format of the Tour de France changed in 1930 from trade teams to national teams, the Tour organisation had to pay for the housing, travel and feeding for the cyclists. The organisation received the money from the sales of l'Auto, the newspaper that organised the Tour. l'Auto was a morning newspaper, while one of its competitors, Paris-Soir, was an evening paper. Paris-Soir was also following the race, and was able to publish the results the same day, while l'Auto had to wait for the next day, publishing old news. To counter this, the stages in the Tour de France had started later, so they would end after Paris-Soir had to print their newspapers. The Paris-Soir sports editor had countered this by starting his own race, the Grand Prix des Nations, run as an ITT. The first edition in 1932 was not received well by the cyclists, but from 1933 on it was a success. The tour director Henri Desgrange saw the success of the French cyclists in the Grand Prix des Nations, and adapted the individual time trial format in the Tour. Not all cyclists were happy with the ITT. René Vietto, a climber, said it was a dull test of horsepower, while a bike race should also test the head. Other cyclists said the ITT would negate the effect of good teamwork.McGann McGann 2006 112–119 The bonification system from the 1933 Tour de France was slightly reduced: now the winner of a stage received 90 seconds bonification, and the second cyclist 45 seconds. In addition to this, the winner of the stage received a bonification equal to the difference between him and the second-placed cyclists, with a maximum of two minutes. This same bonification system was applied on mountain summits that counted for the mountains classification. In 1933, there had been 40 touriste-routiers, cyclist not competing in a national team, but in 1934 this was reduced to 20.http://ouestfrance.cd-script.fr/opdf/1933/09/08/85/1933-09-08_85_07.pdf 8 September 1933 18 August 2010 l'Ouest-Eclair Des modifications au réglement 7 fr https://web.archive.org/web/20110720210230/http://ouestfrance.cd-script.fr/opdf/1933/09/08/85/1933-09-08_85_07.pdf 20 July 2011 dead In previous years, these touriste-routiers had to supply their own material and arrange their own hotels; in 1934, the conditions improved and touriste-routiers were given the same treatment as the riders in national teams.http://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:011119196:mpeg21:a0063 Nieuwe plannen van Desgrange Het volk : dagblad voor de arbeiderspartij Delpher 27 December 2015 6 September 1933 nl Teams List of teams and cyclists in the 1934 Tour de France As was the custom since the 1930 Tour de France, the 1934 Tour de France was contested by national teams. Belgium, Italy, Germany and France each sent teams of 8 cyclists each, while Switzerland and Spain sent a combined team of eight cyclists. In addition, there were 20 individual cyclists; other than in 1933, they were no longer racing under the nomer "touriste-routier" but as "individuel". In total this made 60 cyclists.The history of the Tour de France – Year 1934 – The starters http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1934/partants.html Tour de France Amaury Sport Organisation 2 April 2020 Pre-race favourites The French team of 1934 consisted of all good riders, with the core of the team being the winner of 1933, Georges Speicher, Roger Lapébie, former winner Antonin Magne and Maurice Archambaud, who had performed well in 1933.McGann McGann 2006 112–119 The French selectors were criticized for selecting René Vietto, a twenty-year-old rider who had only won some small races. The Italian team now included Giuseppe Martano, who had ridden as a touriste-routier in 1933. The Belgian team, which normally included some big contenders, was lackluster.McGann McGann 2006 112–119 Route and stages The highest point of elevation in the race was 2556 m ft on at the summit tunnel of the Col du Galibier mountain pass on stage 7.Augendre 2016 177–178Cossins 2013 50–51 + Stage characteristics and winnershttp://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1934.php Mémoire du cyclisme 28ème Tour de France 1934 fr 1 October 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090720082928/http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1934.php 20 July 2009 dead Augendre 2016 32http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/top_ten.html#1934 Tour de France GC top ten Arian Zwegers CVCC https://web.archive.org/web/20080516071832/http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/top_ten.html 16 May 2008 live 20 April 2009 The history of the Tour de France – Year 1934 – The stage winners http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1934/vainqueurs.html Tour de France Amaury Sport Organisation 2 April 2020 3 April 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200403005800/http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1934/vainqueurs.html dead Stage Date Course Distance TypeIn 1934, there was no distinction in the rules between plain stages and mountain stages; the icons shown here indicate whether the stage included mountains that counted for the mountains classification. Winner 13 July Paris to Lille 262 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Georges Speicher FRA 24 July Lille to Charleville 192 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage René Le Grevès FRA 35 July Charleville to Metz 161 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Roger Lapébie FRA 46 July Metz to Belfort 220 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Roger Lapébie FRA 57 July Belfort to Evian 293 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage René Le Grevès FRA Georges Speicher FRAstage-5 Le Grevès and Speicher were both declared winner of the fifth stage. 8 July Evian Rest day 69 July Evian to Aix-les-Bains 207 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Georges Speicher FRA 710 July Aix-les-Bains to Grenoble 229 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) René Vietto FRA 811 July Grenoble to Gap 102 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Giuseppe Martano ITA 1861 912 July Gap to Digne 227 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) René Vietto FRA 1013 July Digne to Nice 156 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage René Le Grevès FRA 14 July Nice Rest day 1115 July Nice to Cannes 126 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) René Vietto FRA 1216 July Cannes to Marseille 195 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Roger Lapébie FRA 1317 July Marseille to Montpellier 172 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Georges Speicher FRA 1418 July Montpellier to Perpignan 177 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Roger Lapébie FRA 19 July Perpignan Rest day 1520 July Perpignan to Ax-les-Thermes 158 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Roger Lapébie FRA 1621 July Ax-les-Thermes to Luchon 165 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Adriano Vignoli ITA 1861 1722 July Luchon to Tarbes 91 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Antonin Magne FRA 1823 July Tarbes to Pau 172 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) René Vietto FRA 24 July Pau Rest day 1925 July Pau to Bordeaux 215 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Ettore Meini ITA 1861 2026 July Bordeaux to La Rochelle 183 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Georges Speicher FRA 21a27 July La Rochelle to La Roche sur Yon 81 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage René Le Grevès FRA 21b La Roche sur Yon to Nantes 90 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Individual time trial Antonin Magne FRA 2228 July Nantes to Caen 275 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Raymond Louviot FRA 2329 July Caen to Paris 221 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Sylvère Maes BEL Total 4470 km 0 onAugendre 2016 108 Race overview 1934 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 12 1934 Tour de France, Stage 13 to Stage 23 thumb|upright|Antonin Magne, winner of the 1934 Tour de France The first stage was won by 1933 winner Speicher, and again wore the yellow jersey. In the second stage, he lost his lead as there was a split, with Speicher in the second part and Magne in the leading group, and Magne took over the leading position.McGann McGann 2006 112–119 In the fifth stage, Le Grevès and Speicher finished close together. After examining the photo finish, both cyclists shared the time bonus, although Le Grevès was named winner.McGann McGann 2006 112–119 After stage six, before the heavy climbing in the alps, Magne was leading with almost 8 minutes on second-placed Martano. In the alps, Vietto was the best. He won stages 7 and 9, and climbed to third place in the general classification, half an hour behind Magne. Had he not lost 40 minutes in the first two stages due to flat tires, he would have been the leader of the race. Martano had been able to reduce the margin to Magne to 125 seconds.McGann McGann 2006 112–119 The stages 12 to 14, between the Alps and the Pyrenees, were won by French cyclists, without important changes in the general classification. In the fifteenth stage, Magne attacked on an early climb, but Martano did not drop. The big climb of the day was the Puymorens, and Vietto lead while Magne and Martano followed. On the way down, Magne crashed on a pothole,http://www.cyclingrevealed.com/Dec05/top25-13.htm 1934: "Roi" Rene's Regal Sacrifice 2004 Top 25 All Time Tours Barry Boyce Cycling revealed 5 January 2010 and broke the wooden rim of his front wheel. Martano saw his chances, and raced away. Magne asked Vietto for his bicycle, but Vietto only gave him his front wheel. Magne's frame had been bent in the crash, so when Speicher, the next French cyclist, showed up, Magne took Speicher's bicycle. Vietto had to wait several minutes to get a replacing front wheel, and lost all chances for the stage victory. A photographer was present to take a picture of Vietto, weeping with a bike without a front wheel. When this picture was published, the cycling world was touched, and newspapers proclaimed him "Le Roi René" (King René).McGann McGann 2006 112–119 In the sixteenth stage, things got worse for Vietto. He was first over the first two mountains, with his team leader Magne and Martano closely following. On the descent of the Portet d'Aspet, Magne crashed again, and broke his rear wheel. Vietto was unaware of this, and continued. When he was down, a Tour course marshall informed him that his team leader had crashed. Lapébie was far ahead, and all the other French cyclists were far behind, so Magne was without support. Vietto then turned around, and rode back up the mountain. When he reached Magne, Magne took Vietto's bicycle. Magne rode down, reached Lapébie who had waited for him, and together they caught Martano. Vietto had to wait for the service car to bring him a new bicycle, and finally finished four minutes behind Magne, Martano and Lapébie. Vietto was not happy with what had happened, and he said that Magne did not know how to ride, and that Lapébie should not have been so far ahead. Magne on the other hand was grateful for what Vietto and Lapébie did.McGann McGann 2006 112–119 In the seventeenth stage, Magne was able to get away from Martano who broke his frame,http://www.wielercentrum.com/tourdefrance/achtergronden/tourverhalen/1934--Antonin-Magne-wint-dankzij-de-opoffering-van-Ren%C3%A9-Vietto-516.html 1934: Antonin Magne wint dankzij de opoffering van René Vietto 19 March 2003 5 January 2010 nl tourdefrance.nl https://web.archive.org/web/20120308104720/http://www.wielercentrum.com/tourdefrance/achtergronden/tourverhalen/1934--Antonin-Magne-wint-dankzij-de-opoffering-van-Ren%C3%A9-Vietto-516.html 8 March 2012 usurped and finished 13 minutes ahead of thim while winning the stage. Magne now lead with almost 20 minutes.McGann McGann 2006 112–119 In the eighteenth stage, Magne lost four minutes to Martano. It could have been more, had not Vietto and Lapébie collected the time bonuses on the mountains and the finish.McGann McGann 2006 112–119 In the next flat stages, nothing really changed the general classification except the individual time trial in stage 21. Magne won there, increasing the margin to Martano by 8 minutes.McGann McGann 2006 112–119 Vietto had won back enough time to end in fifth place in the general classification, and won the mountains classification. Magne had ridden consistently in the entire Tour, and had benefitted from his team support. He won his second Tour de France, the fifth in a row for France. Classification leadership and minor prizes right|thumb|alt=A cyclist climbing a mountain, followed by a motorcycle and a car.|Federico Ezquerra, who was the first to reach the tops of the Télégraphe (not counted for the mountains classification) and the Galibier. The time that each cyclist required to finish each stage was recorded, and these times were added together for the general classification. If a cyclist had received a time bonus, it was subtracted from this total; all time penalties were added to this total. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey. For the mountains classification, 14 mountains were selected by the Tour organisation. On the top of these mountains, ten points were given for the first cyclist to pass, nine points to the second cyclist, and so on, until the tenth cyclist who got one point. For the fifth time, there was a team competition, this time won by the French team. The team classification was calculated in 1934 by adding up the times of the best three cyclists of a team; the team with the least time was the winner. The fifth national team that started, the Belgian team, finished with only two cyclists, so according to the rules in 1934 they were no longer eligible for the team classification. Fourth-placed Félicien Vervaecke became the winner of the "individuals" category.http://www.letour.fr/HISTO/fr/TDF/1934/histoire.html l'Historique du Tour - Année 1934 fr Amaury Sport Organisation 5 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100515124327/http://www.letour.fr/HISTO/fr/TDF/1934/histoire.html 15 May 2010 dead dmy-all This classification was calculated in the same way as the general classification, but only the cyclists riding as individuals were eligible.http://emeroteca.coni.it/?q=node/6&f=2078&p=6 Il "Tour" si è concluso con una brillante tappa - Classifica degl'isolati 6 Biblioteca digitale Il Littoriale 30 July 1934 5 January 2010 it +Classification leadership by stagevan den Akker Pieter Informatie over de Tour de France van 1934 Information about the Tour de France from 1934 http://www.tourdefrancestatistieken.nl/tour.php?jaar=1934 https://web.archive.org/web/20190302050001/http://www.tourdefrancestatistieken.nl/tour.php?jaar=1934 2 March 2019 nl TourDeFranceStatistieken.nl 2 March 2019 live Stage Winner General classification25px|link= Mountains classificationmountains-jersey No jersey was awarded to the leader of the mountains classification until a white jersey with red polka dots was introduced in 1975.Nauright Parrish 2012 454 Team classification Classification for individuals 1 Georges Speicher Georges Speicher no award France Sylvère Maes 2 René Le Grevès Antonin Magne Yves Le Goff 3 Roger Lapébie 4 Roger Lapébie Félicien Vervaecke Félicien Vervaecke 5 René Le GrevèsGeorges Speicherstage-5 Yves Le Goff 6 Georges Speicher Ambrogio Morelli 7 René Vietto Federico Ezquerra 8 Giuseppe Martano 9 René Vietto 10 René Le Grevès 11 René Vietto Félicien Vervaecke 12 Roger Lapébie 13 Georges Speicher 14 Roger Lapébie 15 Roger Lapébie 16 Adriano Vignoli René Vietto 17 Antonin Magne 18 René Vietto 19 Ettore Meini 20 Georges Speicher 21a René Le Grevès 21b Antonin Magne 22 Raymond Louviot 23 Sylvère Maes FinalAntonin Magne René Vietto France Félicien Vervaecke Final standings General classification + Final general classification (1–10)The history of the Tour de France – Year 1934 – Stage 23 Caen > Paris http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1934/2300/etape.html Tour de France Amaury Sport Organisation 2 April 2020 2 April 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200402220239/http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1934/2300/etape.html dead Rank Rider Team Time1 Antonin Magne FRA France 147h 13' 58"2 Giuseppe Martano ITA 1861 Italy + 27' 31"3 Roger Lapébie FRA France + 52' 15"4 Félicien Vervaecke BEL Individual + 57' 40"5 René Vietto FRA France + 59' 02"6 Ambrogio Morelli ITA 1861 Individual + 1h 12' 02"7 Ludwig Geyer GER empire Germany + 1h 12' 51"8 Sylvère Maes BEL Individual + 1h 20' 56"9 Mariano Cañardo ESP 1931 Switzerland/Spain + 1h 29' 02"10 Vicente Trueba ESP 1931 Switzerland/Spain + 1h 40' 39" Final general classification (11–39) Rank Rider Team Time 11 Georges Speicher FRA France + 1h 52' 21" 12 Raymond Louviot FRA France + 2h 03' 21" 13 Edoardo Molinar ITA 1861 Individual + 2h 16' 52" 14 Eugenio Gestri ITA 1861 Italy + 2h 21' 09" 15 Adriano Vignoli ITA 1861 Italy + 2h 21' 58" 16 Giovanni Cazzulani ITA 1861 Italy + 2h 32' 38" 17 Albert Büchi SUI Switzerland/Spain + 2h 35' 17" 18 Frans Bonduel BEL Belgium + 2h 44' 47" 19 Federico Ezquerra ESP 1931 Switzerland/Spain + 2h 53' 03" 20 August Erne SUI Switzerland/Spain + 2h 55' 26" 21 Léon Level FRA Individual + 2h 57' 51" 22 Kurt Stoepel GER empire Germany + 3h 01' 13" 23 Dante Franzil ITA 1861 Individual + 3h 01' 48" 24 Giovanni Gotti ITA 1861 Italy + 3h 22' 40" 25 René Le Grevès FRA France + 3h 26' 26" 26 Theo Herckenrath BEL Individual + 3h 30' 51" 27 Vincent Salazard FRA Individual + 3h 55' 39" 28 Marcel Renaud FRA Individual + 3h 57' 54" 29 Ettore Meini ITA 1861 Individual + 4h 00' 09" 30 Luciano Montero ESP 1931 Switzerland/Spain + 4h 03' 25" 31 Jean Wauters BEL Individual + 4h 27' 07" 32 Romain Gijssels BEL Belgium + 4h 28' 12" 33 Yves Le Goff FRA Individual + 4h 29' 40" 34 Sylvain Marcaillou FRA Individual + 4h 38' 57" 35 Jean Bidot FRA Individual + 4h 39' 37" 36 Fabien Galateau FRA Individual + 5h 00' 50" 37 Willi Kutschbach GER empire Germany + 5h 46' 38" 38 Rudolf Risch GER empire Germany + 6h 37' 55" 39 Antonio Folco ITA 1861 Italy + 7h 15' 36" Mountains classification +Mountains in the mountains classificationAugendre 2016 175–192Stage RiderHeightMountain range Winner 4Ballon d'Alsace1178 m ftVosgesFélicien Vervaecke 6Aravis1498 m ftAlpsFélicien Vervaecke 7Galibier2556 m ftAlpsFederico Ezquerra 8Côte de Laffrey900 m ftAlpsVicente Trueba 9Vars2110 m ftAlpsRené Vietto 9Allos2250 m ftAlpsRené Vietto 11Braus1002 m ftAlps-MaritimesRené Vietto 11Castillon706 m ftAlps-MaritimesRené Vietto 16Col de Port1249 m ftPyreneesRené Vietto 16Portet d'Aspet1069 m ftPyreneesAdriano Vignoli 17Peyresourde1569 m ftPyreneesRené Vietto 17Aspin1489 m ftPyreneesAntonin Magne 18Tourmalet2115 m ftPyreneesRené Vietto 18Aubisque1709 m ftPyreneesRené Vietto + Final mountains classification (1–10) Rank Rider Team Points1 René Vietto FRAFrance 1112 Vicente Trueba ESP 1931Switzerland/Spain 93 or 953 Giuseppe Martano ITA 1861Italy 784 Félicien Vervaecke BEL Individual 765 Federico Ezquerra ESP 1931 Switzerland/Spain 756 Antonin Magne FRAFrance 697 Sylvère Maes BEL Individual 548 Edoardo Molinar ITA 1861 Individual 439 Ambrogio Morelli ITA 1861 Individual 3610 Mariano Cañardo ESP 1931 Switzerland/Spain 21 Team classification + Final team classificationhttp://www.veloarchive.com/races/tour/1934.php 1934: Vietto's great sacrifice Tom James 15 August 2003 1 October 2009 VeloArchivehttp://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD02/HEM/1934/07/30/MD19340730-001.pdf Ayer terminó la Vuelta a Francia con el previsto y magnífico del francés Antonin Magne es 30 July 1934 Mundo Deportivo 1 https://web.archive.org/web/20120731194324/http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD02/HEM/1934/07/30/MD19340730-001.pdf 31 July 2012 live Rank Team Time1 France 443h 42' 41"2 Italy + 3h 09' 51"3 Switzerland/Spain + 3h 44' 24"4 Germany + 8h 09' 55" Aftermath The individual time trial that was introduced in 1934 was a success, and has been used since then in almost every year. René Vietto, who had sacrificed his Tour chances for his team leader Magne, was convinced that he could have won the Tour instead.McGann McGann 2006 112–119 Notes References 30em Bibliography Jacques Augendre Jacques Augendre http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2016/histoire/TDF16_GH_Interactif-PROD.pdf Guide historique Historical guide 2016 fr 27 October 2016 Tour de France Paris Amaury Sport Organisation https://web.archive.org/web/20160817121602/http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2016/histoire/TDF16_GH_Interactif-PROD.pdf 17 August 2016 live Cossins Peter Le Tour 100: The definitive history of the world's greatest race https://books.google.com/books?id=-eRYAQAAQBAJ 2013 Cassell London 978-1-84403-759-9 McGann Bill McGann Carol The Story of the Tour de France: 1903–1964 1 https://books.google.com/books?id=jxq20JskqMUC Dog Ear Publishing Indianapolis, IN 2006 978-1-59858-180-5 Nauright John Parrish Charles Sports Around the World: History, Culture, and Practice 2 https://books.google.com/books?id=IkLYDgTnMxEC 2012 ABC-CLIO Santa Barbara, CA 978-1-59884-300-2 Further reading Mapping Le Tour Ellis Bacon HarperCollins Publishers Glasgow 2014 78–79 9780007543991 872700415 External links 1934 Tour de France 1 12 13 23 Category:1934 in road cycling Category:1934 in French sport 1934 Category:July 1934 sports events in Europe