14 Herculis b

Extrasolar planet in the constellation Hercules April 2021 14 Herculis b 14 Herculis b (Celestia).jpg The exoplanet 14 Herculis b as rendered by Celestia Naef et al.; Butler et al. Switzerland 6 July 1998 (announced)January 2003 (published) Doppler spectroscopy yes HD 145675 b astron 2.843 0.040 AU 0.371 0.003 1763.57 0.80 0.84 d4.8285 0.0022 0.0023 yr 147.3 2.2 2.7 deg 276 5 deg 2451368.0 0.5 commas JD 22.28 0.15 deg 90.38 0.15 m/s 14 Herculis 8.9 1.1 1.5 Jupiter mass 14 Herculis b or 14 Her b is an exoplanet approximately 58.4 light-years away in the constellation of Hercules. The planet was found orbiting the star 14 Herculis, with a mass that would make the planet a Jovian planet roughly the same size as Jupiter but much more massive. It was discovered in July 1998 by the Geneva Extrasolar Planet Search team.Mayor, M. Searching for giant planets at the Haute-Provence Observatory IAU Colloqu. 170 Precise Stellar Radial Velocities Hearnshaw, J. B. Scarfe, C. D. 1998 ASP San Francisco etal The discovery was formally published in 2003. At the time of discovery it was the extrasolar planet with the longest orbital period, though longer-period planets have subsequently been discovered. Discovery thumb|left|275px|Radial velocity changes over time of 14 Herculis caused by the orbit of 14 Herculis b. 14 Herculis b was detected by measuring variations in its star's radial velocity as a result of the planet's gravity. This was done by making precise measurements of the Doppler shift of the spectrum of 14 Herculis. Prior to this analysis, another possible explanation of previous Doppler shift analysis included face-on spectroscopic binaries. Orbit and mass Preliminary astrometric measurements made by the Hipparcos satellite suggested that this planet has an orbital inclination of 155.3° with respect to plane of the sky, which would imply a true mass of 11.1 times that of Jupiter, close to the deuterium burning threshold that some astronomers use to define the distinction between a planet and a brown dwarf. However subsequent analysis suggests that the Hipparcos measurements were not precise enough to accurately determine the orbits.2001A&A...372..935P Screening the Hipparcos-based astrometric orbits of sub-stellar objects Pourbaix, D. Arenou, F. amp Astronomy and Astrophysics 372 3 935–944 2001 10.1051/0004-6361:20010597 free astro-ph/0104412 378792 According to a 2008 paper, its inclination was being calculated via astrometry with Hubble, with publication expected by mid-2009.HST FGS astrometry - the value of fractional millisecond of arc precision astro-ph 0803.0296v1 2008 Fritz Benedict G. McArthur Barbara E. Bean Jacob L., for "HD 145675 b" The inclination and true mass of 14 Herculis b were finally measured in 2021, using data from Gaia, and refined by further astrometric studies in 2022, 2023, and 2024. The inclination is 147.3°, and the true mass is 8.9 y. Direct imaging Because of the wide separation between this planet and its host star, and the proximity of the 14 Herculis system to the Sun, it is a promising candidate for direct imaging of the planet, as the angular separation of the planet and host star will be large enough that the light from the planet and star might be spatially resolved. However, a search made using the adaptive optics CFHT 3.60m telescope on Mauna Kea did not make such a detection, confirming the object is not a star. References http://www.obs-hp.fr/www/nouvelles/14her.html 14 Herculis: A new extrasolar planet discovered at the Haute Provence Observatory 28 July 2007 https://web.archive.org/web/20070702080213/http://www.obs-hp.fr/www/nouvelles/14her.html 2 July 2007 Butler R. Paul etal January 2003 Seven New Keck Planets Orbiting G and K Dwarfs The Astrophysical Journal 582 1 455–466 10.1086/344570 2003ApJ...582..455B free http://obswww.unige.ch/Preprints/Preprints/naef_cs11.ps.gz 6 Dominique Naef Michel Mayor Jean-Luc Beuzit Christian Perrier Didier Queloz Jean-Pierre Sivan Stephane Udry Stephane Udry amp Extrasolar Planetary Systems or Spectroscopic Binaries? Discrimination using Spectral Line Properties 10 September 2007 18 May 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110518004638/http://obswww.unige.ch/Preprints/Preprints/naef_cs11.ps.gz dead Bardalez Gagliuffi Daniella C. Faherty Jacqueline K. Li Yiting Brandt Timothy D. Williams Lauryn Brandt G. Mirek Gelino Christopher R. 1 14 Her: A Likely Case of Planet–Planet Scattering The Astrophysical Journal Letters 1 December 2021 922 2 L43 2111.06004 2021ApJ...922L..43B free 10.3847/2041-8213/ac382c free Feng Fabo Butler R. Paul etal August 2022 3D Selection of 167 Substellar Companions to Nearby Stars The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 262 21 21 10.3847/1538-4365/ac7e57 2208.12720 2022ApJS..262...21F 251864022 free 2506.13580 Xiao Guang-Yao Feng Fabo Updated Mutual Inclination Measurement for 14 Her b and C Research Notes of the AAS 2025 9 7 187 10.3847/2515-5172/adef49 2025RNAAS...9..187X free Benedict G. F. McArthur B. E. etal May 2023 The 14 Her Planetary System: Companion Masses and Architecture from Radial Velocities and Astrometry The Astronomical Journal 166 1 27 10.3847/1538-3881/acd93a 2305.11753 2023AJ....166...27B free Feng Fabo Xiao Guang-Yao Jones Hugh R A Jenkins James S Pena Pablo Sun Qinghui 2024-12-19 Lessons learned from the detection of wide companions by radial velocity and astrometry Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 539 4 3180–3200 10.1093/mnras/staf689 free 2412.14542 0035-8711 External links https://exoplanet.eu/catalog/14_her_b--77/ Notes for Planet 14 Her b Jean Schneider 2011 Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia 30 September 2011 http://www.solstation.com/stars2/14her.htm 14 Herculis 25 June 2008 SolStation https://web.archive.org/web/20080719164703/http://www.solstation.com/stars2/14her.htm 19 July 2008 16 10 23.59 + 43 49 18.2 59 Category:Hercules (constellation) Category:Giant planets Category:Exoplanets discovered in 1998 Category:Exoplanets detected by radial velocity Category:Exoplanets detected by astrometry