2016 Italian constitutional referendum

none December 2016 June 2016 Italy Do you approve the text of the Constitutional Law concerning 'Provisions for overcoming equal bicameralism, reducing the number of Members of Parliament, limiting the operating costs of the institutions, the suppression of the CNEL and the revision of Title V of Part II of the Constitution' approved by Parliament and published in the Official Gazette no. 88 of 15 April 2016? 4 December 2016 13,431,087 19,421,025 33,244,258 50,773,284 270px|center province Result by provinceroyalblue Majority Yes votered Majority No vote A constitutional referendum was held in Italy on 4 December 2016.http://www.interno.gov.it/it/italiani-voto-referendum-costituzionale Italiani al voto per il referendum costituzionale Ministero dell'interno 2016-11-18 Voters were asked whether they approved a constitutional law that amends the Italian Constitution to reform the composition and powers of the Parliament of Italy,http://www.repubblica.it/politica/2015/10/13/news/scheda_riforma_costituzione_senato_ddl_boschi_solo_testo-124904893/ Scheda / La nuova Costituzione e il nuovo Senato (versione solo testo) 12 October 2015 27 September 2016 as well as the division of powers between the State, the regions, and administrative entities. The bill, put forward by the then Prime Minister of Italy, Matteo Renzi, and his centre-left Democratic Party, was first introduced by the government in the Senate on 8 April 2014. After several amendments were made to the proposed law by both the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, the bill received its first approval on 13 October 2015 (Senate) and 11 January 2016 (Chamber), and, eventually, its second and final approval on 20 January 2016 (Senate) and 12 April 2016 (Chamber).http://www.camera.it/leg17/126?leg=17&idDocumento=2613-b Camera.it – XVII Legislatura – Lavori – Progetti di legge – Scheda del progetto di legge 27 September 2016 In accordance with Article 138 of the Constitution, a referendum was called after the formal request of more than one fifth of the members of both the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies,http://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/notizie/2016-04-20/referendum-riforme-depositate-firme-senatori-dell-opposizione--115248.shtml?uuid=ACgAVRBD&refresh_ce=1 Referendum riforme, depositate le firme di maggioranza e opposizione 27 March 2017 since the constitutional law had not been approved by a qualified majority of two-thirds in each house of parliament in the second vote.https://www.senato.it/documenti/repository/istituzione/costituzione_inglese.pdf Constitution of the Italian Republic Senate of the Republic 4 October 2016 59.11% of voters voted against the constitutional reform, meaning it did not come into effect.http://elezioni.interno.it/referendum/scrutini/20161204/FX01000.htm Referendum [Scrutini] (In complesso) – Referendum costituzionale del 4 dicembre 2016 – Ministero dell'Interno 7 December 2016 dead 6 December 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20161206141536/http://elezioni.interno.it/referendum/scrutini/20161204/FX01000.htm This was the third constitutional referendum in the history of the Italian Republic; the other two were in 2001 (in which the amending law was approved) and in 2006 (in which it was rejected). Had the voters approved the constitutional law, it would have achieved the most extensive constitutional reform in Italy since the end of the monarchy, not only influencing the organization of the Parliament, but also improving, according to its proponents, on the poor government stability of the country. Opposition parties and well-known jurists (such as Gustavo Zagrebelskyhttp://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2016/03/06/referendum-costituzionale-gustavo-zagrebelsky-spiega-i-15-motivi-per-dire-no-alla-riforma-voluta-da-renzi/2522863/ Zagrebelsky spiega i 15 motivi per dire no alla riforma voluta da Renzi 6 March 2016 and Stefano Rodotàhttps://www.bitfeed.co/page/stefano-rodota-on-the-referendum-the-reform-of-embarrassing-for-inadequacy-of-content-and-language Stefano Rodotà on the referendum: "the Reform of embarrassing for inadequacy of content and language," www.bitfeed.co 20 September 2017 17 October 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181017082223/https://www.bitfeed.co/page/stefano-rodota-on-the-referendum-the-reform-of-embarrassing-for-inadequacy-of-content-and-language dead) harshly criticised the bill, claiming that it was poorly written and would have made the government too powerful.http://www.rainews.it/dl/rainews/articoli/Riforme-al-Senato-scontro-tra-maggioranza-e-opposizione-per-emendamento-canguro-db63252e-06cf-4dfd-b550-be229cbf3f1a.html Riforme, al Senato scontro tra maggioranza e opposizione per l'emendamento 'canguro' 30 September 2015 27 September 2016http://www.theflorentine.net/lifestyle/2016/09/renzi-referendum-italy/ The Renzi referendum – The Florentine 7 September 2016 7 December 2016 Following the clear victory of the "No" vote, Renzi tendered his resignation as prime minister.@lex_sala http://www.corriere.it/referendum-costituzionale-2016/notizie/referendum-costituzionale-2016-risultati-860b84aa-ba6a-11e6-99a2-8ca865283c9e.shtml Referendum costituzionale 2016 Il No al 60%, la riforma non passa Renzi: «Ho perso io, mi dimetto 12 April 2016 Corriere.it 2016-12-05 Paolo Gentiloni was selected as his replacement on 11 December.Paolo Gentiloni, Italian foreign minister, appointed PM https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-38281643 BBC News 11 December 2016 Constitutional background thumb|Palazzo Madama, the meeting place of the Italian Senate. The Italian Parliament is described as a perfectly symmetric bicameral legislature, in that it has a lower house (the Chamber of Deputies) and an upper house (the Senate of the Republic) with the following characteristics: The two houses are elected simultaneously and for the same five-year term. The Government must have each house's confidence, and is responsible to both of them. All legislation must be passed in the same text by both houses: whenever a bill is amended by either house, it must be sent to the other one in a process known as the navetta parlamentare (parliamentary shuttle). Political background The first concrete attempts at reforming the Senate took place in the 1980s, when the first bicameral committee for constitutional reform headed by Aldo Bozzi was created (1983).http://www.camera.it/parlam/bicam/rifcost/dossier/prec03.htm Le riforme istituzionali – Schede di sintesi 7 December 2016 A second bicameral committee (headed by Ciriaco De Mita, later replaced by Nilde Iotti) operated in 1992–1994,http://www.camera.it/parlam/bicam/rifcost/dossier/prec07.htm Le riforme istituzionali – Schede di sintesi 7 December 2016 followed in 1997 by the third committee headed by the leader of the Left Democrats, Massimo D'Alema.http://www.camera.it/parlam/bicam/rifcost/legist/legge.htm CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 24 January 1997, n. 1 (1): Establishment of a Parliamentary Commission for Constitutional Reforms Chamber of Deputies Italy These attempts were unsuccessful. A reform bill proposed by Silvio Berlusconi's government was finally approved by the parliament in 2005.http://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2016/04/15/16A03075/sg Gazzetta Ufficiale 7 December 2016 This proposal, which would also have considerably strengthened the powers of the prime minister, at the same time weakening the role of the President,http://www.ilpost.it/2016/06/26/riforma-costituzione-berlusconi/ L'altra riforma della Costituzione 26 June 2016 7 December 2016 was ultimately rejected in the 2006 referendum. In 2011, with the financial crisis ensuing and Berlusconi forced to resign from the position of prime minister,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-15708729 Italy crisis: Silvio Berlusconi resigns as PM BBC News 13 November 2011 7 December 2016 the Parliament reprised discussions on constitutional reforms at the urging of president Giorgio Napolitano.http://www.ilpost.it/2016/10/22/storia-referendum/ Storia e storie della riforma costituzionale 22 October 2016 7 December 2016 However, strong disagreements between the two main parties (the People of Freedom and the Democratic Party) prevented the Parliament from deciding on a reform. thumb|upright=0.8|Matteo Renzi in 2015. After the 2013 general election, constitutional reform remained a prominent political topic. However, the first real breakthrough occurred when Matteo Renzi, the new Secretary of the Democratic Party, was appointed prime minister in February 2014. As part of his government's program, Renzi pledged to implement a number of reforms, including the abolition of the perfectly symmetric bicameralism, with a substantial decrease in the membership and power of the Senate. As well as effectively abolishing the current Senate, the package also included a new electoral law, aimed at giving the party that won the most votes in elections for the Chamber of Deputies a great many additional seats, allowing the formation of a stronger government. After the proposals passed both the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate twice, as required by Article 138 of the Italian constitution, Renzi scheduled a referendum to secure the Italian people's endorsement for October and also indicated that he would resign if his reforms were rejected.http://www.rainews.it/dl/rainews/articoli/ContentItem-34e29283-cd31-472d-998d-a1158fb7bf41.html Renzi: Referendum?Se perdo vado a casa 27 September 2016 5 December 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20161205014305/http://www.rainews.it/dl/rainews/articoli/ContentItem-34e29283-cd31-472d-998d-a1158fb7bf41.html dead Some opposition parties, predominantly Five Star Movement, Lega Nord and Italian Left, and also some newspapers like Il Fatto Quotidiano and Il manifesto, accused Renzi of turning the referendum into a plebiscite on his premiership with those comments.http://tv.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2016/01/11/referendum-riforme-villone-e-si-con-plebiscito-su-di-se-renzi-vuole-sequestrare-voto-degli-italiani/462589/ Riforme, Sinistra italiana: "Renzi vuole trasformare il referendum in un plebiscito su di sé" 11 January 2016 27 September 2016 However, after some months, Renzi said that his government will continue until the end of the legislature. On 15 January 2016, La Repubblica reported that Renzi had hired American political adviser Jim Messina – who had worked with Barack Obamahttps://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/may/08/david-axelrod-jim-messina-david-cameron-ed-miliband-barack-obama Does David Cameron's win mean Jim Messina is better than David Axelrod? Jacobs Ben 2015-05-08 The Guardian 2017-07-24 en-GB 0261-3077 and David Cameron and would later work for Mariano Rajoyhttps://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-04-24/may-said-to-hire-jim-messina-for-u-k-conservative-election-team-j1vx4am1 May Hires Jim Messina for U.K. Conservative Election Team 2017-04-24 Bloomberg.com 2017-07-24 – to oversee the campaign for "Yes".http://www.ilfoglio.it/articoli/2016/01/15/renzi-assume-jim-messina-per-risolvere-i-problemi-del-pd-come-consigliato-dal-foglio-mesi-fa___1-v-137063-rubriche_c159.htm Renzi assume Jim Messina per risolvere i problemi del Pd (come consigliato dal Foglio mesi fa) 27 September 2016 12 September 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160912084038/http://www.ilfoglio.it/articoli/2016/01/15/renzi-assume-jim-messina-per-risolvere-i-problemi-del-pd-come-consigliato-dal-foglio-mesi-fa___1-v-137063-rubriche_c159.htm dead Details of the proposed change Role and powers of the Senate The Senate represents territorial institutions. It shares the legislative power with the Chamber of Deputies, but the vote of the Senate is only required to enact laws regarding specific matters. For all other laws, the vote of the Senate is optional and can be overruled by a second vote of the Chamber of Deputies.Article 55 of the reformed Constitution Senators enjoy the same immunities as the deputies, but receive no remuneration.Article 69 of the reformed Constitution The Government does not need to have the confidence of the new Senate, and the Senate cannot pass a motion of no confidence against the Government.Article 94 of the reformed Constitution Composition of the Senate 95 senators are elected by the Regional Councils and by the Councils of the autonomous provinces of Trento and Bozen. In each region and autonomous province, one senator (21 in total) must be elected from among the mayors of the respective territories; the remaining 74 senators must be elected from among the members of the Councils themselves.Article 57 of the reformed Constitution 5 senators are appointed by the President of the Republic for a seven-year term.Article 59 of the reformed Constitution Former presidents of the Republic are senators for life.Article 59 of the Constitution, unchanged The Senate is not subject to dissolution; instead, when a Regional Council ends its five years term, so do the senators elected by it; new senators will be elected after the Regional Council is renewed. Apportionment of seats among regions RegionSeatsRegionSeatsRegionSeats Abruzzo2 Friuli-Venezia Giulia2 Sardinia3 Aosta Valley2 Lazio8 Sicily7 Apulia6 Liguria2 South Tyrolreference_name_A a a2 Basilicata2 Lombardy14 Trentinoreference_name_A a a2 Calabria3 Marche2 Tuscany5 Campania9 Molise2 Umbria2 Emilia-Romagna6 Piedmont7 Veneto7 https://www.rainews.it/dl/rainews/articoli/Senato-riforma-ddlBoschi-c06c93f4-cf6a-4131-ae45-c9df4aad5cc4.html Riforme, la distribuzione dei senatori per Regione rainews 11 January 2016 http://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/politica/2015/10/12/riforme-la-distribuzione-dei-senatori-per-regioni_890f7961-2a6c-48cd-8ac1-7f0538211bd0.html Referendum: La carica dei 100, i nuovi senatori regione per regione – Referendum 12 October 2015 reference_name_A a aAutonomous province, part of the region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol. Legislative procedure The reform differentiates between two main legislative procedures: a unicameral procedure (in which the role of the Senate is mostly consultative) and a bicameral procedure (in which a bill must be approved by both Chambers).Article 70 of the reformed Constitutionhttps://www.altalex.com/documents/news/2016/09/27/riforma-costituzionale-il-procedimento-legislativo-dal-singolare-al-plurale Riforma costituzionale: il procedimento legislativo dal singolare al plurale 27 September 2016 Altalex 11 February 2024 Under the unicameral procedure (which is used every time the Constitution does not require a special procedure), bills can be adopted by a vote of the Chamber of Deputies. At that point, the approved bill is sent to the Senate, which has 10 days to decide whether to examine it to propose changes, or let it be enacted without modification. If one-third of the senators ask to review the bill, the Senate has 30 days to formulate amendments and send the bill back to the Chamber of Deputies. Then the deputies will take the final decision on the Senate's proposals and on the bill as a whole. No further approval of the Senate is needed, but a qualified majority might be required to overcome the Senate's veto for laws adopted under the supremacy clause. The bicameral procedure works in a similar way to the current legislative procedure, in that bills must be approved in the same text by both houses to be enacted, and will be forwarded from one house to the other until approved by both. This procedure is required for bills regarding the following. territorial subdivisions of Italy (regions, municipalities, metropolitan cities, and the special municipality of Rome) participation of Italy in the European Union (e.g. ratification of EU treaties) the Senate itself (e.g. its electoral law) protection of linguistic minorities referendums and other forms of popular consultation Opponents to the referendum argue that the legislative procedures under the reformed Constitution would be much more than two, because of the several articles that introduce exceptions.http://www.ilcambiamento.it/articoli/referendum_costituzionale_autocrazia Riforma costituzionale. Ferrajoli: "Un monocameralismo imperfetto per una perfetta autocrazia" Il Cambiamentohttps://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/in-edicola/articoli/2016/07/07/il-libro-che-spiega-perche-no-al-senato-dei-nominati-immuni/2887026/ Referendum riforme, il libro che spiega "Perché No" al Senato dei nominati-immuni Il Fatto Quotidiano State and regional competence The reform draws a different partition of matters reserved to the State and to the regions. The so-called "concurrent competence", according to which State law legislates the principles that are later to be implemented by regional laws, is abolished. All concurrent matters are reassigned to either the State's or the regions' competence.Article 117 of the reformed Constitution The Government can propose legislation to the Parliament on matters that are not reserved to the State, when this is required to protect the juridical or economic unity of Italy, or to protect national interests. Such laws are adopted according to the unicameral legislative procedure: however, when modifications are proposed by an absolute majority of the members of the Senate, the Chamber of Deputies can override the proposals only by voting against them with an absolute majority of its members. CNEL and provinces The National Council for Economics and LabourConsiglio nazionale dell'economia e del lavoro Acts and Regulations 2016-08-09 http://www.cnel.it/217?cnel_testo=33 9 August 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160816145503/http://www.cnel.it/217?cnel_testo=33 16 August 2016 dead dmy-all (CNEL), which is a consultative assembly of experts of the economic, social, and legal fields, representatives of public and private-sector producers of goods and services, and representatives of social service and voluntary organisations, is abolished.Article 99 is abolished Provinces (the second-level administrative divisions of Italy) are removed from the Constitution, except for the autonomous provinces of Bolzano and Trento.Article 114 of the reformed Constitution This opens the door for ordinary laws to abolish or radically reform them. In 2014–15 fourteen provinces were already replaced by "metropolitan cities" (that still exist in the reformed Constitution). Other changes The majority required to elect the president is increased to three-fifths of the members of the Parliament in joint session after the third round of balloting, and changed to three-fifths of votes after the sixth round. (The pre-reform Constitution mandates an absolute majority of the members of Parliament after the third round of balloting.)Compare Article 83 of the Constitution, before and after the reform Two judges of the Constitutional Court are elected by the Senate, three by the Chamber of Deputies. (In the pre-reform Constitution, the Parliament in joint session elects five judges.)Compare Article 135 of the Constitution, before and after the reform The initiative of 150,000 voters is required to propose new legislation. Once the text is received, the Parliament will be obliged to discuss it. (The pre-reform Constitution requires only 50,000 signatures to propose a bill but it doesn't require the Parliament to discuss it.)Compare Article 71 of the Constitution, before and after the reform When a referendum is requested by more than 800,000 voters, up from 500,000 in the pre-reform constitution, it only requires a reduced turnout to be valid (more than half of the turnout registered in the last general election, down from the absolute majority of the electorate in the pre-reform Constitution).Compare Article 75 of the Constitution, before and after the reform Electoral laws are subject to a preemptive constitutional review by the Constitutional Court, as an additional guarantee for parliamentary minorities.Article 73 of the Constitution, before and after the reform A state of war can be declared by the Chamber of Deputies only (instead of requiring the approval of both houses as in the pre-reform Constitution); however, it must be approved by an absolute majority of its members (currently, a simple majority vote is sufficient).Compare Article 78 of the Constitution, before and after the reform Reactions and criticism thumb|right|upright=0.7|Books about the 2016 constitutional referendum. Prime Minister Renzi was accused by some law scholars and politicians, such as Stefano Rodotà and Fausto Bertinotti, of being authoritarian and anti-democratic for proposing this reform.https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2021/01/25/sondaggi-ecco-chi-guadagna-dalla-crisi-la-lega-cresce-di-un-punto-in-una-settimana/6078031/riforme/ Riforme Il Fatto Quotidianohttps://www.huffingtonpost.it/lucia-annunziata/renzi-progetta-premierato-forte-gia-pratica_b_5037159.html Renzi progetta un premierato forte e già lo pratica Lucia Annunziata HuffPost 26 March 2014 it http://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2014/07/17/rodota-avremo-un-governo-padrone-del-sistema-costituzionale/1062919/ Riforme, Rodotà: "Avremo un governo padrone del sistema costituzionale" – Il Fatto Quotidiano Silvia Truzzi Il Fatto Quotidiano 17 July 2014 7 June 2015 http://www.eddyburg.it/2014/06/bertinotti-lordine-nuovo-di-renzi.html Bertinotti: "L'ordine nuovo di Renzi. Autoritario, non di sinistra" Eddyburg.it 7 June 2015 http://www.ilgiornale.it/news/interni/bertinotti-renzi-sinistra-non-esiste-pi-1001224.html Bertinotti: "Con Renzi la sinistra non esiste più..." 13 March 2014 7 June 2015 Others, like Gianfranco Pasquino, argue that the adopted text is badly written.Gianfranco Pasquino, "Cittadini senza scettro. Le riforme sbagliate", reviewed by Sabino Cassese, "Le riforme e lo spezzatino", in Sole 24 ore, DICEMBRE 28, 2015.it Giampiero Buonomo, it La transizione infinita Mondoperaio, n. 2/2016, pp. 88–90. In April 2016, a paper called "Appello dei costituzionalisti" ("A Plea from Constitutional Scholars") was written by 56 law scholars (mainly constitutional law scholars), showing criticism of the proposed reform and their numerous concerns: among them are Francesco Amirante, Paolo Caretti, Lorenza Carlassare, Ugo De Siervo, Giovanni Maria Flick, Paolo Maddalena, Valerio Onida, Alfonso Quaranta and Gustavo Zagrebelsky. http://www.libertaegiustizia.it/2016/04/24/sulla-riforma-costituzionale/ SULLA RIFORMA COSTITUZIONALE 24 April 2016 The main points of criticism the paper raises are the following: The reform was approved by Prime Minister Renzi's coalition, without reaching a consensus among a plurality of the political parties in the Parliament. (The Constitution of Italy was adopted and has been traditionally amended by consensus.) The reformed Senate does not adequately represent the interests of the regions because of its weakened powers and the method of appointment of the senators (which favors the representation of political parties, rather than representatives of local interests). The number of senators has been changed without accounting for their role in electing independent organs, such as the President of Italy and part of the Constitutional Court. The many legislative procedures (the paper identifies three) bring risks of uncertainties and conflicts. Ordinary regions are rendered almost powerless under the new Constitution (while the five regions with special autonomy are left unchanged). The lack of coherent legislation to regulate the partition of competence between the State and regions and the lack of effective cooperation between the various constituent entities are not addressed. The reform abolishes concurrent competence between State and regions on one hand, but on the other it limits many areas of exclusive competence for the State to "general and common dispositions" only (which was defined as "concurrent competence" in the pre-reform Constitution). The reform aims at lowering the costs of public institutions, but it does so while weakening democratic representation: the number of senators is reduced to less than one-sixth of that of members of the Chamber of Deputies; provinces are abolished even in the most densely populated areas; metropolitan cities are bolstered instead of rationalizing the constituent entities (Italian comuni differ dramatically in size and population); CNEL is abolished without introducing a substitute for the debate between political institutions and representatives of the Italian society. Later in May 2016, other 184 law scholars and professors of various disciplines (among whom Franco Bassanini, Massimo Bordignon, Stefano Ceccanti, Francesco Clementi, Carlo Fusaro, Claudia Mancina, Stefano Mannoni, Angelo Panebianco, Pasquale Pasquino, Francesco Pizzetti, Michele Salvati, Tiziano Treu) signed, instead, an appeal in favour of the constitutional reform.http://media2.corriere.it/corriere/pdf/2016/Le_ragioni_del_Si.pdf Le ragioni del Sì corriere.it 23 May 2016 Campaign positions Endorsements in the 2016 Italian constitutional referendum Committees ChoiceLogoCampaignSloganWebsite 15 Yes 200px Just a Yes Basta un Sì www.bastaunsi.it15 No 85px Committee for No Comitato per il No www.comitatoperilno.it 60px I Vote No Io Voto No www.iovotono.it Main political parties ChoiceParties Political orientation Leader Ref15 Yes Democratic Party (PD) Social democracy Matteo Renzihttp://www.repubblica.it/politica/2016/05/17/news/renzi_referendum-140008380/ Pd, Renzi lancia la campagna sul referendum costituzionale: "Deve essere battaglia unitaria" La Repubblica it 3 August 2016 New Centre-Right (NCD) Conservatism Angelino Alfanohttp://camera.nuovocentrodestra.it/lupi-sosterremo-lavoro-dicendo-si-al-referendum-intervista-libero/ Lupi: Sosterremo lavoro fatto, dicendo sì al referendum – Intervista a Libero nuovocentrodestra.it it 22 June 2016 12 September 2016 15 February 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170215233936/http://camera.nuovocentrodestra.it/lupi-sosterremo-lavoro-dicendo-si-al-referendum-intervista-libero/ dead Liberal Popular Alliance (ALA) Centrism Denis Verdinihttp://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2016/07/31/referendum-verdini-faremo-riunione-centristi-per-fondare-i-comitati-del-si/2946567/ Referendum, Verdini: "Fonderemo i comitati del sì, abbiamo partecipato e scritto queste riforme" Il Fatto Quotidiano it 31 July 2016 Civic Choice (SC) Liberalism Enrico Zanettihttp://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/notizie/2016-08-03/renzi-stabilita-rischio-se-vince-no-063741.shtml Renzi: stabilità a rischio se vince il no Il Sole 24 Ore it 3 August 2016http://www.sceltacivica.it/doc/1959/riforma-costituzionale-enrico-zanetti-troppo-importante-per-il-paese-per-concedersi-il-lusso-di-giocarci-sopra-una-partita-a-pok.htm Riforma costituzionale, Enrico Zanetti: "Troppo importante per il Paese per concedersi il lusso di giocarci sopra una partita a poker" sceltacivica.it it 23 June 2016 12 September 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20170215234209/http://www.sceltacivica.it/doc/1959/riforma-costituzionale-enrico-zanetti-troppo-importante-per-il-paese-per-concedersi-il-lusso-di-giocarci-sopra-una-partita-a-pok.htm 15 February 2017 dead16 No Five Star Movement (M5S) Populism Beppe Grillohttp://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2016/07/12/referendum-grillo-la-riforma-e-incomprensibile-per-questo-bisogna-votare-no/2899956/ Emma Bonino voterà sì al referendum, senza entusiasmo Il Post it 2 November 2016 Forza Italia (FI) Liberal conservatism Silvio Berlusconihttp://www.tgcom24.mediaset.it/politica/referendum-costituzionale-l-allarme-di-berlusconi-se-passa-la-riforma-entriamo-in-un-regime-_3007336-201602a.shtml Referendum costituzionale, lʼallarme di Berlusconi: "Se passa la riforma entriamo in un regime" TgCom24 it 8 May 2016 Italian Left (SI) Democratic socialism Nicola Fratoiannihttp://www.sinistraitaliana.si/notizia/sinistra-italiana-noi-diciamo-no-stravolge-la-carta/ Sinistra Italiana: Noi diciamo No. Questa riforma stravolge la Carta sinistraitaliana.si it 4 August 2016 Lega Nord (LN) Right-wing populism Matteo Salvinihttp://www.secoloditalia.it/2016/05/referendum-via-comitato-per-fi-lega-fdi-insieme/ Referendum, al via il comitato per il "No": FI, Lega e FdI insieme Il Secolo d'Italia it 18 May 2016 Brothers of Italy (FdI) National conservatism Giorgia Melonihttp://www.fratelli-italia.it/2016/08/08/referendum-meloni-no-grazie-riforma-renzi-non-abolisce-senato-le-elezioni-dei-senatori/ Referendum, Meloni: "NO, grazie" a riforma Renzi che non abolisce il Senato ma le elezioni dei senatori fratelli-italia.it it 8 August 2016 Conservatives and Reformists (CR) Conservatism Raffaele Fitto http://www.gruppocor.it/2016/07/06/referendum-bonfrisco-voteremonoriforma-non-utile-italiani/ https://web.archive.org/web/20170215234030/http://www.gruppocor.it/2016/07/06/referendum-bonfrisco-voteremonoriforma-non-utile-italiani/ dead 15 February 2017 REFERENDUM, BONFRISCO: VOTEREMO,NO,RIFORMA NON UTILE ITALIANI gruppocor.it it 6 July 2016 European political parties ChoiceParties Political orientation Leader Ref 15 Yes Party of European Socialists (PES) Social democracy Sergei Stanishevhttp://www.pes.eu/pes_declares_support_to_the_italian_referendum_campaign_basta_un_s PES DECLARES SUPPORT TO THE ITALIAN REFERENDUM CAMPAIGN "BASTA UN SÍ" PES.eu en 14 October 2016 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20161018222401/http://www.pes.eu/pes_declares_support_to_the_italian_referendum_campaign_basta_un_s 18 October 2016 dmy-all15 NoDemocracy in Europe Movement 2025 (DiEM 25)Alter-EuropeanismYanis Varoufakishttps://diem25.org/el-no-europeo-al-referendum-constitucional-de-italia/ El "No" europeo al referéndum constitucional de Italia Diem25 – Democracy in Europe Movement 2025 2016-10-28 Trade unions and business organisations ChoiceOrganisationsPolitical and cultural orientationSecretaries 15 Yes General Confederation of Italian Industry (Confindustria)http://www.repubblica.it/economia/2016/05/26/news/confindustria_verso_il_si_al_referendum_sulla_costituzione-140625164/ Confindustria, l'Italia è ripartita ma la ripresa non c'è 26 May 2016 27 September 2016 Employers and businesses' organisation Vincenzo Boccia Italian Confederation of Workers' Trade Unions (CISL) Centrism Anna Maria Furlan 15 No Italian General Confederation of Labour (CGIL)http://www.cgil.it/ordine-del-giorno-referendum-costituzionale-approvato-dallassemblea-generale-cgil/ Ordine del giorno su referendum costituzionale approvato dall'assemblea generale Cgil. – CGIL 8 September 2016 27 September 2016 11 September 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160911164845/http://www.cgil.it/ordine-del-giorno-referendum-costituzionale-approvato-dallassemblea-generale-cgil/ dead Democratic socialism Susanna Camusso 15 No General Labour Union (UGL)https://www.ugl.it/referendum-capone-sostegno-convinto-al-no-riforma-incide-negativamente-lavoratori-cittadini/ Ugl – Referendum, Capone: "Sostegno convinto al NO, riforma incide negativamente su lavoratori e cittadini" Ugl Amm 18 November 2016 11 February 2024 National syndicalism Francesco Paolo Capone Neutral/Undeclared Italian Labour Union (UIL)http://uil.it/UfficioStampa/ComunicatiStampa.asp?ID_COMUNICATO=3087 Carmelo BARBAGALLO: comunicato Stampa del 07/10/2016 Condividi su Twitter Condividi su Facebook! Barbagallo: Evitare le tifoserie per il si e per il no. Decidere con coscienza e conoscenza 7 September 2016 uil.it 19 October 2016 Social democracy Carmelo Barbagallo Newspapers ChoiceNewspapersPolitical and cultural orientation15 Yes L'Unitàhttp://www.unita.tv/opinioni/perche-il-referendum-non-e-un-plebiscito-ma-nemmeno-neutro/ Perché il referendum non è un plebiscito ma nemmeno un appuntamento neutro 27 September 2016 Social democracyOfficial newspaper of the Democratic Party Il Sole 24 Ore Business newspaper Il FoglioClaudio Cerasa http://www.ilfoglio.it/politica/2016/05/03/referendum-costituzionale-che-ci-fa-berlusconi-con-travaglio___1-v-141480-rubriche_c264.htm Che ci fa Berlusconi con Travaglio? Il Foglio ilfoglio.it it 3 May 2016 18 May 2016 6 May 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160506073157/http://www.ilfoglio.it/politica/2016/05/03/referendum-costituzionale-che-ci-fa-berlusconi-con-travaglio___1-v-141480-rubriche_c264.htm dead Liberal conservatism15 No Il Fatto Quotidianohttp://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2016/01/12/referendum-costituzione-repubblicana-o-principato-renziano/2366527/ Referendum, costituzione repubblicana o "principato" renziano? 12 January 2016 27 September 2016 Anti-establishment, populism Il Giornalehttp://www.ilgiornale.it/news/politica/riforme-ddl-approvato-camera-comitato-no-referendum-scalda-i-1212285.html Riforme, ddl approvato alla Camera. Comitato per il No al referendum scalda i motori 11 January 2016 27 September 2016 ConservatismOwned by Silvio Berlusconi's brother Liberohttp://www.liberoquotidiano.it/news/politica/11864464/sondaggio-renzi-italicum-senato-referendum.html Il sondaggio che manda a casa Renzi. Prepari la valigia: ecco i numeri 27 September 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20161112184314/http://www.liberoquotidiano.it/news/politica/11864464/sondaggio-renzi-italicum-senato-referendum.html 12 November 2016 dead Liberal conservatism Il manifestohttp://ilmanifesto.info/il-referendum-plebiscito/ Il Referendum plebiscito 29 December 2015 27 September 2016 5 February 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160205035729/http://ilmanifesto.info/il-referendum-plebiscito/ dead Communism Neutral/Undeclared La Repubblica Social liberalism Corriere della Sera Centrism La Stampa Centrism Periodicals ChoicePeriodicalsPolitical and cultural orientation15 Yes La Civiltà CattolicaFrancesco Occhetta https://stefanoceccanti.files.wordpress.com/2016/05/occhetta.pdf La riforma della Costituzione La Civiltà Cattolica stefanoceccanti.wordpress.com it May 2016 12 October 2016 12 May 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20161012134634/https://stefanoceccanti.files.wordpress.com/2016/05/occhetta.pdf dead https://stefanoceccanti.wordpress.com/2016/05/12/gesuiti-promuovono-riforme-auspicabile-vittoria-si-a-referendum-una-bocciatura-provocherebbe-blocco-paese-e-apertura-nuovi-conflitti/ Gesuiti promuovono riforme: auspicabile vittoria sì a referendum. Una bocciatura provocherebbe blocco Paese e apertura nuovi conflitti Askanews it stefanoceccanti.wordpress.com 12 May 2016 12 May 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20161012134709/https://stefanoceccanti.wordpress.com/2016/05/12/gesuiti-promuovono-riforme-auspicabile-vittoria-si-a-referendum-una-bocciatura-provocherebbe-blocco-paese-e-apertura-nuovi-conflitti/ 12 October 2016 dead dmy-all Periodical published by the Society of Jesus Mondoperaiohttp://www.mondoperaio.net/perche-votare-a-favore-della-riforma-costituzionale/ Perché votare a favore della riforma costituzionale Mondoperaio mondoperaio.net it 20 May 2016 20 May 2016 24 June 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160624060122/http://www.mondoperaio.net/perche-votare-a-favore-della-riforma-costituzionale/ dead Monthly journal, official organ of the Italian Socialist Party Other organisations ChoiceOrganisationsPolitical and cultural orientationLeaders15 Yes Christian Associations of Italian Workers (ACLI)http://www.acli.it/le-notizie/news-nazionali/11197-referendum-il-video-della-conferenza-stampa Referendum, il video della conferenza stampa ACLI it www.acli.it 19 October 2016 19 October 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20161020104140/http://www.acli.it/le-notizie/news-nazionali/11197-referendum-il-video-della-conferenza-stampa 20 October 2016 dead dmy-all Catholic social teaching, Christian left Roberto Rossini15 No National Association of the Italian Partisans (ANPI)http://www.anpi.it/articoli/1536/accordo-anpi-arci-per-il-no-alla-riforma-del-senato-e-per-emendare-la-legge-elettorale Accordo Anpi-Arci per il no alla riforma del senato e per emendare la legge elettorale ANPI www.anpi.it 9 May 2016 it Anti-fascism Carlo Smuraglia Neutral Liberahttps://www.facebook.com/libera.associazioni.nomi.e.numeri.contro.le.mafie/posts/10154484744646745 In merito ad alcune notizie e... – Libera Contro le Mafie Libera it www.facebook.com 14 October 2016 Anti-mafia Luigi Ciotti TV debates Date Channel Programme Moderator Participants Audience Notes 15 YES 15 NO Audience Share 16 September La7 Sì o No Enrico Mentana Roberto Giachetti Massimo D'Alema 792,000 3.4% Speciale TgLa7 Referendum/ Anticipazioni e diretta streaming: in studio Giachetti e D'Alema 16 September 2016 ilsussidiario.net http://www.ilsussidiario.net/News/Cinema-Televisione-e-Media/2016/9/16/SPECIALE-TGLA7-Referendum-si-o-no-Enrico-Mentana-incontra-Massimo-D-Alema-e-Roberto-Giachetti-oggi-16-settembre-2016-/723509/Ascolti TV 17 September 2016 DavideMaggio.it http://www.davidemaggio.it/archives/136964/ascolti-tv-venerdi-16-settembre-2016 Mattia Buonocore 23 September Gian Luca Galletti,Dario Nardella Renato Brunetta,Giuseppe Civati 574,000 2.7% Ascolti TV 24 September 2016 DavideMaggio.it http://www.davidemaggio.it/archives/137291/ascolti-tv-venerdi-23-settembre-2016 Mattia Buonocore 30 September Matteo Renzi Gustavo Zagrebelsky 1,747,000 8.0%https://www.huffingtonpost.it/2016/09/27/renzi-zagrebelsky-mentana_n_12212008.html Enrico Mentana pronto a moderare venerdì il duello televisivo tra Matteo Renzi e Gustavo Zagrebelsky sul referendum HuffPost 27 September 2016 ithttp://www.davidemaggio.it/archives/137567/ascolti-tv-venerdi-30-settembre-2016 ASCOLTI TV VENERDI. TALE E QUALE (21.8%) SURCLASSA SQUADRA ANTIMAFIA (13.7%). BOOM SPECIALE REFERENDUM CON RENZI (8%) davidemaggio.it 1 October 2016 1 October 2016 14 October Luciano Violante Tomaso Montanari 626,000 3.8% http://www.davidemaggio.it/archives/138186/ascolti-tv-venerdi-14-ottobre-2016 ASCOLTI TV Venerdi 14 Ottobre 2016. IN 5,1 MLN per TALE e QUALE (23.3%), SQUADRA ANTIMAFIA AL 13.7% Davidemaggio.it 15 October 2016 19 October 201623 SeptemberOtto e MezzoLilli GruberMatteo RenziMarco Travaglio2,280,0009.4%http://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2016/09/23/ascolti-tv-record-per-otto-e-mezzo-con-renzi-e-travaglio-2-milioni-di-spettatori-935-di-share/3052429/ Ascolti tv, record per Otto e mezzo con Renzi e Travaglio: 2 milioni di spettatori, 9,35% di share 23 September 20167 OctoberMaria Elena BoschiMatteo Salvini2,000,0008.4%http://www.ilgiornale.it/news/politica/scontro-boschi-salvini-ora-renzi-corre-ai-ripari-1316250.html Scontro Boschi-Salvini. Ora Renzi corre ai ripari 8 October 2016 28 October Sì o No Enrico Mentana Matteo Renzi Ciriaco De Mita 825,000 10.8% 4 NovemberStefano Ceccanti Anna AscaniElisabetta Piccolotti Anna Falcone603,0003.5% Opinion polls Opinion polling for the 2016 Italian constitutional referendum Results thumb|Ballot used in the referendum "Almost 19,500,000 voters rejected the reform (59.11%), while nearly 13,500,000 voters approved it (40.88%). The turnout (65.47%) was by far the highest compared to Italy's other constitutional referendums: in 2001, the voter turnout was extremely low (34.10%); in 2006 it was higher, but barely exceeded half of the total number of eligible voters (52.46%)". THE ITALIAN LAW JOURNAL- An International Forum for the Critique of Italian Law – Special Issue The 2016 Italian Constitutional Referendum: Origins, Stakes, Outcome, edited by Paolo Passaglia, p. 3, n. 3. ChoiceVotes%15 Yes13,432,20840.8915 No19,419,50759.11Invalid/blank votes392,130–Total33,243,845100Registered voters/turnout50,773,28465.47Ministry of the Interior Popular vote #ddd 500px 450px 12 No #E90000 59.11 12 Yes #088A29 40.89 By region Sardinia and South Tyrol, both constituent entities of the Italian Republic with special conditions of autonomy, reported overall the highest percentagehttps://www.nationalia.info/new/10898/constitutional-referendum-puts-an-end-to-renzis-government Constitutional referendum puts an end to Renzi's government Nationalia 12 March 2024 of Nohttp://lanuovasardegna.gelocal.it/sassari/cronaca/2016/12/05/news/referendum-valanga-di-no-in-sardegna-oltre-il-72-per-cento-1.14520465 Referendum, valanga di No in Sardegna: oltre il 72 per cento – Cronaca – la Nuova Sardegna 5 December 2016 7 December 2016 2 June 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170602165050/http://lanuovasardegna.gelocal.it/sassari/cronaca/2016/12/05/news/referendum-valanga-di-no-in-sardegna-oltre-il-72-per-cento-1.14520465 deadhttp://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2016/12/05/referendum-2016-il-grande-no-della-sardegna-7222-la-spina-dellautonomia-e-il-nodo-province/3239181/ Referendum 2016, il grande No della Sardegna con il 72,22%: la spina dell'Autonomia e il nodo province 5 December 2016 7 December 2016 and Yeshttp://altoadige.gelocal.it/bolzano/cronaca/2016/12/05/news/referendum-costituzionale-l-alto-adige-e-la-provincia-d-italia-in-cui-si-e-votato-di-piu-per-il-si-63-77-1.14519644 Referendum costituzionale, l'Alto Adige è la provincia d'Italia in cui si è votato di più per il sì: 63,77 – Cronaca – Alto Adige 5 December 2016 7 December 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20161206165649/http://altoadige.gelocal.it/bolzano/cronaca/2016/12/05/news/referendum-costituzionale-l-alto-adige-e-la-provincia-d-italia-in-cui-si-e-votato-di-piu-per-il-si-63-77-1.14519644 6 December 2016 dead dmy-all votes respectively. Region15 Yes15 NoElectorate TurnoutVotes%Votes% Abruzzo255,02235.6461,16764.41,052,04968.7 Aosta Valley30,56843.240,11656.899,73571.9 Apulia659,35432.81,348,57367.23,280,74561.7 Basilicata98,92434.1191,08165.9467,00062.9 Calabria276,38433.0561,55767.01,553,74154.4 Campania839,69231.51,827,76868.54,566,90558.9 Emilia-Romagna1,262,48450.41,242,99249.63,326,91075.9 Friuli-Venezia Giulia267,37939.0417,73261.0952,49372.5 Lazio1,108,76836.71,914,39763.34,402,14569.2 Liguria342,67139.9515,77760.11,241,61869.7 Lombardy2,453,09544.53,058,05155.57,480,37574.2 Marche385,87745.0472,65655.01,189,18072.8 Molise63,69539.298,72860.8256,60063.9 Piedmont1,055,04343.51,368,50756.53,396,37872.0 Sardinia237,28027.8616,79172.21,375,84562.5 Sicily642,98028.41,619,82871.64,031,87156.7 Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol305,47353.9261,47346.1792,50372.2 Tuscany1,105,76952.51,000,00847.52,854,16274.4 Umbria240,34648.8251,90851.2675,61073.5 Veneto1,078,88338.11,756,14461.93,725,39976.7 Italy 12,709,515 40.019,025,27560.0 46,720,943 68.5 Italians abroad Constituency15 Yes15 NoInvalid/blankElectorate TurnoutVotes%Votes%Votes% Europe415,06862.4249,87637.665,0318.92,166,03733.7 South America207,14471.980,83128.140,27512.21,291,06525.4 North and Central Americas62,81662.238,11337.815,97913.6374,98731.2 Africa, Asia, Oceania, Antarctica37,64459.725,43340.37,20110.2220,25231.9 World722,67264.7394,25335.3122,48610.34,052,34130.7 upright=3|thumb|center|Votes of Italians abroad by countryAntarctica is an extraterritorial place without any sovereignty: the 35 votes of Italian scientists in Antarctica were considered part of New Zealand Reactions thumb|Renzi resigns after the referendum result. After the first exit polls, Prime Minister Matteo Renzi stated in a midnight press conference that he would resign the next day.Susanna Capelouto Juliet Perry Ben Wedeman Italy's PM Matteo Renzi to resign after constitutional referendum defeat CNN 2016-12-04 https://edition.cnn.com/2016/12/04/world/italy-constitutional-referendum-voting/index.htmlMatteo Renzi's referendum defeat risks Italy political crisis BBC 2016-12-05 https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-38204189 In his speech, Renzi assumed full responsibility for the referendum defeat. The President of the Italian Republic Sergio Mattarella asked Matteo Renzi to briefly postpone his resignation, to complete the parliamentary approval of the next year's budget law. After the budget was passed on 7 December, Renzi resigned that night.https://www.cnbc.com/2016/12/07/italy-passes-2017-budget-paving-way-for-pm-renzis-resignation.html Italy passes 2017 budget, paving way for Renzi to resign today 7 December 2016 CNBC Reuters 7 December 2016 Financial markets were not particularly affected by the defeat of the constitutional reform: the Milan stock exchange closed the Monday session relatively stable (−0.2% on respect of previous Friday closing, before the vote),Borsa, Milano piatta dopo referendum ANSA 2016-12-05 http://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/topnews/2016/12/05/borsa-milano-piatta-dopo-referendum_7c0d54d2-08ce-44b7-880d-09716701e5ca.html it while on Tuesday 6 December the stock index jumped at +4.15% (best result since 11 March 2016).Fausta Chiesa Borse, Milano (+4%) ai massimi dalla Brexit, il rimbalzo delle banche Corriere della Sera 2016-12-06 http://www.corriere.it/economia/16_dicembre_06/borsa-vola-milano-chiude-a-415percento-grande-rimbalzo-banche-52cd0090-bbd3-11e6-a857-3c2e3af6f0b6.shtml?refresh_ce-cp it To assure Italy stability, on 11 December 2016 President Sergio Mattarella gave Paolo Gentiloni the task of constituting a new government.http://www.rainews.it/dl/rainews/articoli/Gentiloni-Crisi-Quirinale-Governo-mattarella-126fe1cf-cb12-43a0-b966-65d1390e5571.html Gentiloni gets the task from Mattarella 11 December 2016 Rai News Ansa 11 December 2016 See also Constitutional laws of Italy Constitution of Italy 1969 French constitutional referendum References Bibliography Di Mauro Danilo Memoli Vincenzo February 2018 Targeting the Government in the Referendum: The Aborted 2016 Italian Constitutional Reform Italian Political Science Review Cambridge University Press 48 2 133–157 10.1017/ipo.2017.31 158555880 Negri Fedra Rebessi Elisa January 2018 Was Mattarella Worth the Trouble? Explaining the Failure of the 2016 Italian Constitutional Referendum Italian Political Science Review Cambridge University Press 48 2 177–196 10.1017/ipo.2017.29 2434/562060 158906172 free Constitutional referendum Italian constitutional referendum Category:Constitutional referendums in Italy Constitutional referendum Category:Matteo Renzi