2011–2013 Russian protests

Protests in Russia against Vladimir Putin between December 2011 and July 2013 Snow Revolution the protests in South Ossetia of the same name 2011 South Ossetia election protests January 2026 July 2020 2011–2013 Russian protestsSnow Revolution Russian opposition protests rallies:Dissenters' Marches (2005–2008), Russian Marches, Strategy-31 (since 2009), Impact of the Arab Spring, and Colour Revolution, among others Moscow rally 24 December 2011, Sakharov Avenue -8.JPG A crowd of enthusiastic protesters on Academician Sakharov Avenue, Moscow. Many balloons, posters, and flags. The protesters are bundled up on a cold overcast Winter day. Rally at the Academician Sakharov Avenue, Moscow, 24 December 2011 4 December 2011 – 18 July 2013(12 04 2011 07 18 2013) Russia, primarily Moscow and Saint Petersburg *Authoritarianism, rigged elections, and lack of civil liberties Corruption in Russia Political repression *Political freedom, fair elections, and release of political prisoners ("For Fair Elections" protests)Further requests include: Announcement of the elections were rigged and therefore cancellation of their results Resignation of Churov and an investigation of its activities, the investigation of all available, according to the opposition, violations and falsifications, the punishment of perpetrators Registration of opposition parties, the adoption of a democratic law on political parties and elections nb Preventing colour revolution ("anti-Orange" counter-protests) Demonstrations, Internet activism *Protests were suppressed, with many opposition leaders repressed Election results were not revised Preservation of Putin and his ruling party in power Russia 1991 Opposition: Kso-logo.png Russian Opposition Coordination Council: Batı Hun Devleti Bayrağı.svg Liberals Trade unions Socialist red flag.svg Socialists Students Solid green flag.png Greens Gay flag.svg LGBT activists Логотип Яблоко маленький прозрачный.svg Yabloko KPRF Flag.svg Communist Party of the Russian Federation Flag of the Left Front.svg Left Front The Other Russia flagicon.svg The Other Russia Anarchist flag.svg Anarchists Social democrats Flag of the Russian Empire (black-yellow-white).svg Nationalists and monarchists RPR logo.svg People's Freedom Party Libertarian Party of Russia Народный альянс лого.png People's Alliance United Civil Front Russia Government of Russia: Flag of the Ministry for Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (MVD of Russia).svg Ministry of Internal Affairs Flag of the Ministry for Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (MVD of Russia).svg Police Flag of Internal Troops of Russia.svg Internal Troops Patch of the OMON.svg OMON Patch of the SOBR.svg SOBR ЕдРо (лог).svg United Russia Saint George Ribbon.svg Pro-government protesters: Flag Nashi.svg Nashi RPR logo.svg Boris NemtsovRPR logo.svg Mikhail KasyanovRPR logo.svg Vladimir RyzhkovЛоготип Яблоко маленький прозрачный.svg Grigory YavlinskyFlag of the Left Front.svg Sergei UdaltsovThe Other Russia flagicon.svg Eduard LimonovНародный альянс лого.png Alexei NavalnyFlag of the Russian Empire (black-yellow-white).svg Konstantin Krylov Garry Kasparov Viktor Shenderovich Standard of the President of the Russian Federation.svg Dmitry Medvedev(2011–2012)Standard of the President of the Russian Federation.svg Vladimir Putin(2012–2013)Russia Sergey KurginyanRussia Mikhail LeontyevRussia Maksim Shevchenko "For Fair Elections" 25,000 according to police, 60,000 according to organisers(Moscow, 10 December 2011) 28,000 according to police, 120,000 according to organisers(Moscow, 24 December 2011) 36,000 according to police, 160,000 according to organisers(Moscow, 4 February 2012) "Anti-Orange" 500 according to media, 5,000 according to organisers(Moscow, 24 December 2011) 138,000 according to police(Moscow, 4 February 2012) 50,000(the rest of the country, 4 February 2012) Pro-Putin rallies 130,000 according to police(Moscow, 23 February 2012) 110,000 according to policeMarch 2023(Moscow, 4 March 2012) Criminal charges Over 1,000(almost all on the first day, some more arrests on the post-2012 election protests) The 2011–2013 Russian protests, which some English language media referred to as the Snow Revolution (ru Снежная революция Snezhnaya revolyutsiya gb), began in 2011 (as protests against the 2011 Russian legislative election results) and continued into 2012 and 2013. The protests were motivated by claims of Russian and foreign journalists, political activists and members of the public that the election process was fraudulent. The Central Election Commission of Russia stated that 195 out of 1,686 official reports of fraud (11.5%) could be confirmed as true. On 10 December 2011, after a week of small-scale demonstrations, Russia saw some of the biggest protests in Moscow since the 1990s. The focus of the protests were the ruling party, United Russia, and its leader Vladimir Putin, the prime minister and former president, who announced his intention to run for president again in 2012. Another round of large protests took place on 24 December 2011. These protests were named "For Fair Elections" (ru За честные выборы) and their organisers set up the movement of the same name. By this time, the "For Fair Elections" protesters had coalesced around five main points: freedom for political prisoners; annulment of the election results; the resignation of Vladimir Churov (head of the election commission) and the opening of an official investigation into vote fraud; registration of opposition parties and new democratic legislation on parties and elections; as well as new democratic and open elections. Initial protest actions, organised by the leaders of the Russian opposition parties and non-systemic opposition sparked fear in some quarters of a colour revolution in Russia, and a number of counter-protests and rallies in support of the government were held. On the first days following the election, Putin and United Russia were supported by rallies of two youth organisations, the government-organised Nashi and United Russia's Young Guard. On 24 December Sergey Kurginyan organised the first protest against what was viewed as "orange" protesters in Moscow, though the protest also went under the same slogan "For Fair Elections". On 4 February 2012, more protests and pro-government rallies were held throughout the country. The largest two events were in Moscow: the "anti-Orange protest" (alluding to the Orange Revolution in Ukraine, the most widely known colour revolution to Russians), aimed against "orangism", "collapse of the country", "perestroika" and "revolution", the largest protest action of all the protests so far according to the police; and another "For Fair Elections" protest, larger than the previous ones according to the police. On 6 May 2012, protests took place in Moscow the day before Putin's inauguration as President for his third term. Some called for the inauguration to be scrapped. The protests were marred by violence between the protesters and the police. About 400 protesters were arrested, including Alexei Navalny, Boris Nemtsov and Sergei Udaltsov and 80 were injured. On the day of the inauguration, 7 May, at least 120 protesters were arrested in Moscow. In June 2012, laws were enacted which set strict boundaries on protests and imposed heavy penalties for unauthorised actions. As of January 2013, interviews by Ellen Barry of The New York Times of working class elements which had supported the protests revealed an atmosphere of intimidation, discouragement, and alienation. Background Previous protest rallies in 2000s Russian opposition Political parties in Russia Putin regime Political groups under Vladimir Putin's presidency Freedom of the press in Russia Freedom of assembly in Russia Human rights in Russia In the 2000s, due to increased restrictions in the election legislation and the takeover of large media under state control, a non-system opposition emerged, which was barred from participation in elections. This time, it included both left and right organisations as well as nationalists. The largest protests and main opposition events include rallies to support the old NTV staff (2001), mass protests against Mikhail Zurabov's reforms (2005), Dissenters' March (2005–2008), Russian Marches, "I am free! I forgot what it means to fear" rallies for freedom of the press (2005–2006 and 2008), Vladivostok mass protests (2008–2010), Kaliningrad mass protests (2009–2010), Day of Wrath (Left Front actions) (2009–2011), Putin.Results and Putin.Corruption campaign, Putin must go campaign, Strategy-31 (for freedom of assembly) (2009–), etc. Committee 2008, wide coalition The Other Russia, Yabloko, Union of Right Forces, Vanguard of Red Youth, Left Front, Russian People's Democratic Union, United Civil Front, movement for Khimki forest, Solidarnost, TIGER, Society of Blue Buckets, Coalition "For Russia without Lawlessness and Corruption", etc. were among the main opposition groups within disorganised 2000s protest movement. 2011 election According to RIA Novosti, there were more than 1,100 official reports of election irregularities across the country, including allegations of vote fraud, obstruction of observers and illegal campaigning. Members of the A Just Russia, Yabloko and Communist parties reported that voters were shuttled between multiple polling stations to cast several ballots. The Yabloko and LDPR parties reported that some of their observers had been banned from witnessing the sealing of the ballot boxes and from gathering video footage, and some were groundlessly expelled from polling stations.March 2023 The ruling United Russia party alleged that the opposition parties had engaged in illegal campaigning by distributing leaflets and newspapers at polling stations and that at some polling stations the voters had been ordered to vote for the Communist party with threats of violence.March 2023 There were several reports of almost undetectable vote fraud—swapping of final polling station protocols just before final accounting by station chairmen—that happened late at night when most observers were gone. The Central Electoral Commission issued a report on 3 February 2012, in which it said that it received the total of 1686 reports on irregularities, of which only 195 (11.5%) were upheld after investigation. A third (584) actually contained questions about the unclear points of electoral law, and only 60 complaints were claiming falsifications of the elections results. On 4 February 2012 the Investigation Committee of the Office of the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation announced that the majority of videos allegedly showing falsifications at polling stations were in fact falsified and originally distributed from a single server in California, and the investigation on that started. Despite the official findings, protests carried on up to and beyond 4 March presidential election. Demographic and economic basis According to The New York Times, the leading element has consisted of young urban professionals, the well-educated and successful working or middle-class people such as workers in social media. These groups had benefited from substantial growth in the Russian economy until the 2008 economic crisis but have been alienated by increasing political corruption as well as recent stagnation in their income. The number of such individuals is large and growing in urban centres and is thought to represent a challenge to continuation of authoritarian rule. According to Putin the legitimate grievances of this young and active element of Russian society are being exploited by opportunistic elements which seek to destabilise Russia. Nationalist elements play a significant role in the coalition which is organising and participating in the protests. Protests against government left|thumb|The white ribbon is one of the protest symbols 4 December 2011 On 4 November 2011, during the annual Russian March event, representatives of "The Russians" movement declared a protest action planned for election day after polling districts closed. As there was no official rally permit, the action by "The Russians" was unapproved and took place on 4 December at 21:00 in Moscow. The statement of non-recognition of electoral results spread widely. Сitizens were called upon to create self-governing institutions reflecting national interests and were told of falsifications and frauds said to have occurred during the elections. Alexander Belov declared the beginning of the "Putin, go away!" campaign. The protest action, in which several hundreds persons participated, led to running battles with riot police. Leaders of "The Russians" Alexander Belov, Dmitry Dyomushkin, George Borovikov were arrested along with dozens of other nationalists. The head of the banned Movement Against Illegal Immigration organisation Vladimir Yermolaev was detained at a voting station where he was an observer. Mass detentions of other public organisations occurred in Moscow. According to police some 258 persons have been detained. 5–7 December 2011 On 5 December, around 5,000 opponents of the government began protesting in Moscow, denouncing Vladimir Putin and his government and what they believed were flawed elections. Campaigners argued that the elections had been a sham and demanded that Putin step down, whilst some demanded revolution. Alexei Navalny, a top blogger and anti-corruption activist who branded Putin's United Russia party as the "party of crooks and thieves", is credited with initial mobilisation of mass protests through postings on his LiveJournal blog and Twitter account. Navalny's agitation was denounced by United Russia as "typical dirty self-promotion" and a profane tweet describing Navalny as a sheep engaged in oral sex originated from Medvedev's Twitter account. Many pro-government supporters, including the pro-Putin youth group Nashi, were mobilised on 6 December at the site of the planned demonstration where they made noise in support of the government and United Russia. There was a 15,000-strong rally of Nashi on Manezhnaya Square and an 8,000-strong rally of the Young Guard on Revolution Square. About 500 pro-United Russia activists marched near Red Square. Truckloads of soldiers and police, as well as a water cannon, were deployed ahead of expected anti-government protests. It emerged that 300 protesters had been arrested in Moscow the night before, along with 120 in St. Petersburg. During the night of 6 December, at least 600 protesters were reported to be in Triumphalnaya square chanting slogans against Putin, whilst anti-government protesters at Revolution Square clashed with riot police and interior ministry troops. The police chased around 100 away, arresting some. Protest numbers later reportedly reached over 1,000 at Triumphalnaya Square and dozens of arrests were reported, including Boris Nemtsov, an opposition leader and former deputy prime minister, and Alexey Navalny. Over 250 arrests were made, with police using buses to transport the suspects to police stations to be charged. At least one Russian journalist claimed he was beaten by police officers who stamped on him and hit his legs with batons. Another 200 arrests were reported in St. Petersburg and 25 in Rostov the same night as anti-government demonstrations took place. After three and a half hours, the Moscow protest came to an end. Attempts to stage a large protest in Moscow on 7 December fizzled out due to a large police presence in the city. 10 December 2011 right|thumb|Rally in Pionerskaya Square in Saint Petersburg on 10 December 2011. left|thumb|Rally in Bolotnaya Square in Moscow on 10 December 2011 right|thumb|Protesters, 10 December, Bolotnaya Square, signs saying "Stop lying!" and listing the number of votes for each party on one of the polling stations, with United Russia at 19,48%, KPRF at 28,15% and Yabloko at 19,84%. Via a Facebook group "Суббота на Болотной площади" (Saturday at Bolotnaya Square), a call was made for a mass protest against the government on Saturday 10 December. Prior to the demonstration newspapers commented that tens of thousands of Facebook users had positively responded to invitations to demonstrate in Moscow, and, similarly, over 5,000 in St. Petersburg. A permit had originally been issued to the group Solidarnost for a legal demonstration of 300 people in Revolution Square. By 8 December, more than 30,000 had accepted the Facebook invitation to attend. After negotiations with the demonstrators an alternative location for a 30,000-person demonstration was authorised by the Moscow government for the demonstration which took place on 10 December on Bolotnaya Square. Prior to the demonstration, threats were made by Putin that police and security forces would be deployed to deal with anyone participating in illegal protests in Moscow or other cities; however, the event, when it took place, was peaceful and without attempts by the state to prevent or disrupt it. Rapper Noize MC and author Boris Akunin both agreed to address the crowds, the latter flying in specially from Paris for the occasion. Guerrilla theatre by FEMEN and the circulation of a photoshopped image of Putin dressed as Muammar Gaddafi accompanied the protests. Attempts to disrupt the protests and the organisations supporting them included repeated prank calls to Yabloko and Novaya Gazeta. Russia's chief public health official, Gennady Onishchenko, warned on Friday that protesters risked respiratory infections such as the flu or SARS. Warnings were issued that the police would be looking for draft dodgers at the protests. Students in Moscow were ordered to report Saturday during the time scheduled for the demonstration to an exam followed by a special class conducted by headmasters regarding "rules of safe behavior in the city." Opposition Twitter posts were spammed by a botnet and a YouTube video, Москва! Болотная площадь! 10 Декабря! (Moscow! Bolotnaya square! 10 December!), was posted of orcs storming a castle shouting, "Russia without Putin." The Telegraph reported at 10:40 GMT that "Half an hour into what is likely to be Moscow's biggest demonstration since the fall of the Soviet Union, Russia's biggest state-controlled television station, Channel One, has no mention of the popular unrest on its website." Journalist Andrew Osborn noted a bad 3G telephone signal in Bolotnaya Square, asking "Wonder if they have deliberately shut off in protest area ". The Guardian also reported that mobile internet had been "cut off" in the square. The Moscow demonstration was generally peaceful ending in the afternoon with the singing of Viktor Tsoi's song "Peremen" meaning "Changes", a perestroika anthem from the 1980s. Reports of the demonstration including its large size and demands for new elections were carried on the evening news in Russia by state controlled media. Police in Moscow estimated the protest numbers to be around 25,000, whilst the opposition claimed over 50,000 people were present during the demonstration. Other activists claimed as many as 60,000 protesters in Bolotnaya Square, Moscow. Demands right|thumb|Protester in Bolotnaya Square, 10 December. The sign says, "I did not vote for these bastards (United Russia mocking logo), I voted for other bastards (Yabloko, Spravedlivaya Rossiya, CPRF logos). I want votes re-counted." While particular demands were not apparent in the first few days of the protests, by 10 December they had coallesced into five main points: Freedom for political prisoners Annulment of the election results The resignation of Vladimir Churov, head of the election commission, and an official investigation of vote fraud Registration of the opposition parties and new democratic legislation on parties and elections New democratic and open elections Speakers on Bolotnaya Square Various politicians and celebrities addressed the crowd, including: Boris Akunin, writer Yevgenia Albats, journalist, The New Times magazine Dmitrii Bykov, writer Yevgeniya Chirikova, politician, ecologist, opposition supporter Mikhail Delyagin, politician, former chairman of the Rodina party Gennady Gudkov, politician, A Just Russia party Oleg Kashin, journalist Mikhail Kasyanov, politician, The Other Russia opposition coalition Yevgeny Kopyshev, Union of Soviet Officers, Communist Party of the Russian Federation called for restoration of Soviet power but was booed off the stage. Konstantin Krylov, politician, head of the nationalist Russian Social Movement Eduard Limonov, writer and politician, head of the National Bolshevik Party (demonstrated and spoke first at the Revolution Square) Sergey Mitrokhin, politician, head of the Yabloko party Boris Nemtsov, politician, The Other Russia Noize MC, rapper, opposition activist Oleg Orlov, human rights activist, chairman of the civil rights society "Memorial" Dmitry Oreshkin, politologist, supported the Union of Right Forces Leonid Parfyonov, former news anchor, former chief editor of the Russian edition of Newsweek Grigory Yavlinsky, politician, founder and former head of the Yabloko party Other cities thumb|left|Nizhny Novgorod, Minin and Pozharsky Square. Rally against the official results of the Russian legislative election 2011. Like in Moscow, protests were planned to take place in St. Petersburg, Vladivostok and Kaliningrad, as well as 88 other towns and cities in Russia. Smaller protests were reported in Tomsk, Omsk, Arkhangelsk, Murmansk, Yekaterinburg, Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk, Kurgan, Perm, Karelia, Khabarovsk,2011-12-10 Russian election protesters rally in 60 cities https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/russian-election-protesters-rally-in-60-cities-1.1046485 2025-10-24 CBC News Kazan and Nizhny Novgorod. At least 10,000 protesters turned out in St. Petersburg, 3,000 in Novosibirsk, whilst 4,000 others rallied in Yekaterinburg. At least 1,000 people rallied in the port city of Vladivostok on Russia's Pacific coast. "Sympathy protests" are also being held abroad. In London, the former parliamentary aide accused of being a Russian spy Katia Zatuliveter turned up holding a banner saying: "Russian vote 146 per cent fair". Some sources report only 100 arrests nationwide on 10 December due to the protests, mostly outside Moscow, which is a significantly smaller number than previous protests. In Kazan, however, at least 100 protesters, mainly in their early 20s, were detained for failure to disperse. 17–18 December 2011 thumb|300px|right|Yabloko party meeting at Bolotnaya Square, Moscow, 2011-12-17 On 17 December another meeting was held at Bolotnaya Square in Moscow against the election fraud. The rally was organised by Yabloko but members of other political parties participated as well. Among the speakers were Grigory Yavlinsky and Sergey Mitrokhin from Yabloko and Vladimir Ryzhkov from the People's Freedom Party. The Moscow Police claimed there were 1500 demonstrators but eyewitnesses claimed there were up to 5000 people at the peak of the demonstration. In any case, the turnout was far below that of the multi-party rally of 10 December. thumb|right|300px| Communist Party of the Russian Federation meeting at Manezhnaya Square, Moscow, 18 December 2011 A rally was held on 18 December in Moscow, organised by Communist Party of the Russian Federation in Moscow and took place at Manezhnaya Square. Several thousand supporters turned out, but many were elderly. Another smaller rally took place in Saint Petersburg at Pionerskaya Square. Gennady Zyuganov, head of the party and its candidate for President of Russia, has denounced election regularities but has also expressed his opposition to the organisers of the mass demonstrations who he views as ultra liberals who are exploiting unrest. 24 December 2011 thumb|300px|left|Moscow rally 24 December 2011, Academician Sakharov Avenue. thumb|200px|Alexei Navalny speaks at Moscow rally 24 December 2011, Academician Sakharov Avenue. Slogan "For Fair Elections" There were large follow-up demonstrations 24 December including a rally "For Fair Elections" at Academician Sakharov Avenue in Moscow. There were rallies in Vladivostok, Novosibirsk, Orenburg, Chelyabinsk, Saratov, Nizhny Novgorod and two in Saint Petersburg. A podium was built at the end of the 700 m mi on off 2 avenue. On the podium were slogans, "Russia will be free" and "This election Is a farce." The atmosphere was peaceful but at least 40 bus loads of riot police were standing by as thousands of protesters demonstrated, with a total of up to 50,000 expected to arrive during the day. Alexei Kudrin, a former Putin insider, spoke advocating dialogue. He was booed by some, but cheered by others. At least 21,000 protesters were in Moscow by 11:10 am GMT, according to Itar Tass, and there were at least 100 arrests in Vladivostok. According to on scene reporters, the atmosphere was fun, with white ribbons and balloons and condom-themed banners – a mocking reference to Vladimir Putin saying he believed the white ribbons, the protest movements symbol, were to promote safe sex. The Interior Ministry estimated that at least 28,000 people had turned up, whilst some in the opposition claimed 120,000 protesters were in Moscow. Reporters of the Moscow Times said the figure was well above the 30,000 to 60,000 at the previous event and that there were about 80,000 protesters who came to this rally. The infographics from RIA Novosti shows that the Sakharov Avenue can provide room for a maximum of 96,000 people at a density of 35 people per 10 sq m, or for 55,000 people at a smaller and more realistic density distribution. Alexei Navalny, greeted with a ovation when he finally spoke, said there were enough people present at the protest to march to and overrun the Kremlin, but that they were committed to remaining peaceful, at least for the moment.I can see that there are enough people here to seize the Kremlin and the White House right now. We are a peaceful force and will not do it now. But if these crooks and thieves try to go on cheating us, if they continue telling lies and stealing from us, we will take what belongs to us with our own hands. ... These days, with the help of the zombie-box, they are trying to prove to us that they are big and scary beasts. But we know who they are. Little sneaky jackals! Is that right? Is that true or not? The crowd reportedly included liberals, anarchists, communists, nationalists and monarchists. Mikhail Gorbachev did not attend or speak but sent a message of support. On the day of the rally, the former Soviet president called on Putin to resign. Mikhail Prokhorov, the billionaire independent presidential candidate, was in the crowd but did not speak. Speakers on Sakharov Avenue 22em Liya Akhedzhakova, actress Boris Akunin, author Dmitrii Bykov, poet Yevgeniya Chirikova, activist Alexey Gaskarov, activist Mikhail Gelfand, biologist Garry Kasparov, activist Mikhail Kasyanov, politician Alexey Kortnev, musician Konstantin Kosyakin, activist Konstantin Krylov, activist Alexei Kudrin, politician Grigory Melkonyants, activist Alexei Navalny, activist Boris Nemtsov, politician Vasya Oblomov, musician Leonid Parfyonov, journalist Ilya Ponomarev, politician Vladimir Posner, journalist Olga Romanova, journalist Vladimir Ryzhkov, politician Victor Shenderovich, writer Yuri Shevchuk, musician Vasily Shumov, musician Kseniya Sobchak, socialite Vladimir "Tor" Kralin, activist Artemy Troitsky, journalist Sergei Udaltsov, activist Anastasia Udaltsova, activist Vasily Utkin, journalist Ilya Yashin, activist Grigory Yavlinsky, politician Vladimir Yermolaev, activist Speakers have been arranged by Alexei Navalny, Garry Kasparov, Boris Nemtsov, and Vladimir Tor, based on the principle of representation of different political forces. The last speaker was Grandfather Frost who wished everyone a "Happy New Year". Nemtsov phone conversations controversy On 19 December, Lifenews.ru news portal published a recording of phone conversations ascribed to Boris Nemtsov, the leader of PARNAS People's Freedom Party, and one of the main organisers of the demonstration on Bolotnaya square on 10 December. According to one of the recordings, which were called by Nemtsov himself "partially authentic, partially montaged and partially fake", he considers protesters "lemmings" (Russian: "хомячки"), "timid penguins" from Facebook and Vkontakte social networks, and claims he is "forced to represent" these people. In other recordings, he used profanities and referenced to the sexual life of some other leaders of the demonstration. He also called another prominent leader of protests, Alexei Navalny "a specialist of manipulating the internet mob". Nemtsov later apologised to several leaders he characterised in these conversations, but not to protesters, and claimed that people that made recordings available to the public committed a crime. Lifenews.ru claimed at least 3 million visitors coming to the site during the day, and the site was not accessible for some time. 4 February 2012 thumb|left|250px|Protesters march on Yakimanka street, Moscow, 4 February. thumb|250px|Protesters at Bolotnaya Square, Moscow, 4 February. Despite temperatures of −20 degrees Celsius a third demonstration was carried out in Moscow by the For Fair Elections movement on 4 February, with 160,000 participants according to organisers or 38,000 participants according to the police. According to the state-run Ria Novosti's calculations, the Bolotnaya Square site provides room for a maximum of 101,000 people at a maximum density of 35 people per 10 sq m on the quay and 15 people per 10 sq m in the park, or for 53,000 people at a smaller and less compact density distribution. This time the demonstration started with a march from Kaluzhskaya Square to Bolotnaya Square where a meeting was held. The anti-Putin protesters carried white balloons and were wearing white ribbons.March 2023 Among the speakers were Yevgeniya Chirikova, Gennady Gudkov, Leonid Parfyonov, Olga Romanova, Vladimir Ryzhkov, Sergei Udaltsov, Ilya Yashin and Grigory Yavlinsky. The meeting was ended by Yuri Shevchuk who sang his famous song "Rodina" (Motherland).http://www.gazeta.ru/politics/elections2011/2012/02/04_a_3987437.shtml Не замерзнем, не простим! Gazeta.ru 4 February 2012 4 February 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120629165018/http://www.gazeta.ru/politics/elections2011/2012/02/04_a_3987437.shtml 2012-06-29 dead The same day demonstrations were being held in other cities throughout Russia such as St Petersburg, Kazan, Kaliningrad, Nizhni Novgorod, Penza and Yaroslavl. Also the Russian-speaking population of other countries organised rallies worldwide with similar demands: Germany, Israel, USA. The organisers of the third Moscow "For Fair Elections" protest had difficulties originally financing the protest because contributions from the public had waned by January 2012, so they financed the organisation of the protest with money collected earlier for other events. During February 2012, when residents of the Siberian city of Barnaul were denied a permit for a street protest, they ingeniously circumvented the restriction by staging a demonstration with toys such as teddy bears, Lego figures, and toy soldiers holding signs denouncing electoral corruption. The photos of these rebellious figurines quickly spread across Russia, prompting others to replicate the protest. Faced with an awkward dilemma, Putin's government decided to ban the toy protests, asserting that toys, not being Russian citizens, were ineligible to participate in public gatherings, as explained by a government official.VanHise James L. 2021-09-21 Dilemma Actions: The Power of Putting your Opponent in a Bind https://commonslibrary.org/new-research-shows-the-power-of-putting-your-opponent-in-a-bind/ 2024-08-12 The Commons Social Change Library en-AU 26 February 2012 At least 3,500 people demonstrated against Vladimir Putin in St Petersburg, under heavy police presence, but no arrests were made. 2012-02-26 3,500 demonstrate against Putin in St. Petersburg https://tucson.com/news/world/article_6fbbd09e-5160-57d2-9357-3a8ea433bd49.html 2025-10-24 Arizona Daily Star en Associated Press In Moscow on Sunday 26 February up to 30,000 people lined the Garden Ring in a protest called the Big White Circle. White clothes and white ribbons were worn as protestors formed a nine-mile human chain holding a white banner. The event was described as an apolitical "act of unity" to avoid the official permission which protests require. 5 March 2012 thumb|left|300px|Moscow rally 5 March 2012 at Pushkin Square thumb|300px|Moscow rally 5 March 2012 at Pushkin Square: police forces shifted to the Pushkin Square In response to Vladimir Putin's reelection during the Presidential Elections, protesters took to the streets of Moscow. After being denied to demonstrate on Lubyanka Square up to 25,000 people protested in Pushkin Square. A couple of thousand protestors stayed behind and clashed with riot police who moved in to disperse them, leading to several hundred arrests, including Alexei Navalny, Sergey Udaltsov and Ilya Yashin. Anti-government protests also took place in St Petersburg too, albeit smaller, at 3,000 people where 300 were arrested. 10 March 2012 Another "For Fair Elections" protest was staged on the Novy Arbat street in Moscow. A permit was issued for 50,000, but just 25,000 came according to the organisers and 10,000 according to the police. The mood was downbeat after Putin won an absolute majority everywhere but Moscow where he garnered 46.95% of the vote. Sergei Udaltsov of Left Front, called for a massive demonstration 1 May, but no further protests are scheduled. 18 March 2012 Up to 1000 protesters gathered at an unsactioned demonstration at the Ostankino television tower and 94 were arrested. They were protesting against a documentary called The Anatomy of Protest, which had been shown on 15 March on NTV, a channel owned by Gazprom, a state-run firm. The documentary claimed that protesters against the election of Putin as president had been given "money and cookies" as payment. It also claimed that Alexei Navalny, a well-known opposition blogger, had been "spreading misinformation" and had "too many bodyguards" who were "beating up journalists". Protesters wore white ribbons and chanted "Shame on NTV!" 8 April 2012 For the first time since the beginning of the protests, opposition activists were allowed onto Red Square to demonstrate, though they were not allowed to pitch a tent. Just the previous weekend protesters were barred from the square and arrests made. This time, "hundreds" gathered, including Yevgenia Chirikova and Sergei Udaltsov. Astrakhan mayoral election of 2012 After fraud was alleged in the mayoral election of 2012 in Astrakhan and the United Russia candidate was declared the winner, organisers of the 2011–2012 Russian protests supported the defeated candidate, Oleg V. Shein of Just Russia, in a hunger strike. Substantial evidence of fraud was cited by the protesters but an official investigation failed to find significant violations.Moscow Protesters Try to Expand Movement https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/11/world/europe/astrakhan-hunger-striker-gets-support-from-moscow-protesters.html 11 April 2012 The New York Times 10 April 2012 David M. Herzenhorn The activists from Moscow found it difficult to gain traction over the issue with local residents who, like most Russians, accept political corruption as a given that is useless to protest. The emissaries from Moscow persisted, buoyed by celebrities who support the reform movement, drawing 1,500 to a rally on 14 April. 6 and 7 May 2012 Bolotnaya square case thumb|The police cordons on Bolshoy Kamenny Bridge 6 May 2012 Protests involving about 20,000 people took place in Moscow the day before Putin's inauguration as President for his third term. Some called for the inauguration to be scrapped. About 400 protesters were arrested by the police, including Alexei Navalny, Boris Nemtsov and Sergei Udaltsov and 80 were injured. On the day of the inauguration, at least 120 protesters were arrested in Moscow. Police also detained over 100 young men of conscription age (18–27), including 70 who had avoided the military draft. From the very beginning, the so-called "March of Millions" was a nervous event. Even before the march, many large liberal media sites: Echo Moscow radio station, Kommersant daily, and TV Rain channel, were subjected to DDoS-attacks. Ilya Ponomarev, an opposition leader and member of parliament, said the police had started the clashes. "The police started it. Bolotnaya square filled up and the police sealed it off. when they started to push demonstrators, and people reacted," he said. Prime Minister Vladimir Putin's press secretary, Dmitry Peskov said he believed the police were being too soft on the protesters. Gazeta.ru reported "The efforts that the law enforcement are going to in order to provoke the protesters are so evident, it's impossible to remain blind to the plan of radicalization of peaceful protests behind their actions." Several hundreds meetings continued on 6/7 night, 7, 7/8 night and 8 May in different places in Moscow. Opposition leaders were arrested again. The arrests continued in the following months. The authorities' crackdown on the pro-democratic movement resulted in what has come to be known as the "Bolotnaya square case". Opposition Coordination Council Russian Opposition Coordination Council Due to the fractured nature of the opposition, in June 2012 activists decided to create a 45-member Opposition Coordination Council (OCC), which would try to coordinate and direct dissent in Russia. Elections for the council were held on 20–22 October 2012. 170,000 people had registered on the site cvk2012.org, of whom nearly 98,000 were classed as "verified" and nearly 82,000 had cast their votes. Most votes were cast for Alexei Navalny. 12 June 2012 thumb|left|200px|Red Square was closed during the days of and leading to 12 June protest thumb|Moscow rally 12 June 2012 A peaceful protest rally by tens of thousands, protest organisers estimated their numbers at 50,000, while police put it at 15,000, originating at Pushkin Square was held in Moscow on 12 June 2012, Russia Day. The rally was preceded by soaking rain; there was a thunderstorm after a few hours. Protest activities fell within the conditions of the permit which had been issued by the authorities. A call by Sergei Udaltsov to march on the Investigative Committee of Russia which had raided organisers' homes on 11 June was rejected by other protest organisers. The protest rally defied an atmosphere of intimidation and repression fostered by the Putin administration: The previous day, police had raided the homes of various opposition leaders and called them in for interrogation an hour before the protest was due to start on 12 June: Alexei Navalny, Ilya Yashin and Ksenia Sobchak all attended the interrogations. The rally was also the first to follow a new law passed in June 2012 to punish protesters with larger fines. Participation in the protest was diverse, united only by opposition to Putin; in addition to the revolutionary anti-capitalist Left Front led by Sergei Udaltsov, black-clad Russian nationalists and liberals sporting white ribbons participated despite expressing mutual disdain. 15 December 2012 On Saturday afternoon about 2,000 protestors gathered in Lubyanka Square in Moscow, the location of the headquarters of the Federal Security Services, a successor to the KGB. A requested permit to lay flowers at the memorial stone in the square was denied. There were mass arrests including Alexei Navalny, Sergei Udaltsov of the Left Front, Kseniya Sobchak, and Ilya Yashin. Those arrested, if prosecuted and convicted, face heavy fines under recently enacted legislation which outlaws organising or participating in unauthorised demonstrations. 13 January 2013: March Against Scoundrels right|thumb|March Against Scoundrels On 13 January 2013 a protest called the "March Against Scoundrels" was held in Moscow protesting passage of the Anti-Magnitsky law, a sanctions framework targeted at United States citizens that additionally bans adoption of Russian children by people in the United States. A permit was sought and issued. According to the police there were about 10,000 participants. According to oppositioners counting there were from 30 to 50 thousand people. According to bloggers' counting – 24,474 participants.April 2013 6 May 2013 On 6 May 2013 a mass rally took place in Moscow. Among featured speakers were Boris Nemtsov and Alexei Navalny. Opposition leaders put the number of attendants at up to 50,000, though police stated 7,000 took part. 18 July 2013 On 18 July 2013 Alexei Navalny was sentenced to five years in prison for alleged embezzlement. After the verdict was read, thousands gathered in Moscow's Manezhnaya Square to protest it. Rallies in support of the government thumb|250px|left|Putin supporters on 23 February Luzhniki rally. Simultaneously with the anti-government protests, the government and United Russia were supported by rallies of the government funded youth organisations. 4 December 2011 On 4 December, Nashi took to the Moscow streets with 15,000 young people that had been brought to Moscow from more than 20 regions and held meetings and concerts on the Revolution Square and Manezhnaya Square to express their support of president Medvedev and prime minister Putin. 6 December 2011 On 6 December, about 5,000 activists from Nashi and other pro-Kremlin youth groups held pro-government rallies on Manezhnaya Square and Triumfalnaya Square. To a New York Times reporter, it seemed that many of the participants in the rally were forced to attend. 12 December 2011 On 12 December, the 18th anniversary of the Constitution of Russia, thousands of United Russia sympathisers demonstrated in Moscow in support of Putin. 23 February 2012 thumb|300px|Pro-Putin concert at Luzhniki Stadium: public at the stadium field. Placards with slogans: "I'm for Putin as I'm for the Motherland!", "Putin – Power, Putin – Glory, Putin – Great Russia!" On 23 February, Russia's Defender of the Fatherland Day, a massive pro-Putin march took place in Moscow. The march ended in Luzhniki Stadium, where a crowd of 130,000 (according to police estimates) was addressed by Vladimir Putin. The BBC reported, however, that some attendees claimed they had been made to take part or paid. Some said they had been told they were attending a "folk festival". After Putin spoke, popular folk band Lubeh took to the stage. Putin's speech in Luzhniki was his single speech before such a large audience during 2012 presidential campaign. In the speech he called not to betray the Motherland, but to love her, to unite around Russia and to work together for the good, to overcome the existing problems. He said that the foreign interference into Russian affairs should not be allowed, that Russia has its own free will. He compared the political situation at the moment with the First Fatherland War of 1812, reminding that its 200th anniversary and the anniversary of the Battle of Borodino would be celebrated in 2012.Putin cited Lermontov's poem Borodino and ended the speech with Vyacheslav Molotov's famous Great Patriotic War slogan "The Victory Shall Be Ours!" ("Победа будет за нами!"). thumb|300px|Panorama of the Luzhniki rally 4 March 2012 On the post-election rally of his supporters at Manezhnaya Square, while making an acceptance speech, Putin was for the first time ever seen with tears in his eyes (later he explained that "it was windy"). Anti-Orange protests 24 December 2011 On 2 December on Sparrow Hills, Sergey Kurginyan and his movement "Sut' Vremeni" (Essence of Time) organised the first protest against what was viewed as "orange" protesters in Moscow. The protest also supported the slogan "For Fair Elections". 4 February 2012 thumb|280px|Demonstrators with the "Putin – Our Choice" banner Alongside smaller rallies that gathered 50,000 people throughout the rest of the country, the large "Антиоранжевый митинг" ("Anti-Orange protest") was held on Poklonnaya Hill in Moscow, near the World War II memorial complex, the largest protest action of all the protests so far according to the police. It was organised by a number of public organisations: Patriots of Russia party, Kurginyan's "Sut' Vremeni", "Congress of Russian communities", "Regional public fund in support of the Heroes of the Soviet Union and Heroes of Russia" "Trade Union of Russian citizens", "Pensioner Union of Russia", "Russian Union of Afghanistan veterans", "Assistance to realisation of constitutional rights of citizens 'Human rights'" group and others. According to the Moscow police, 138,000–150,000 people participated at the protest at the peak of attendance, while more people could have passed through the site. Opposition groups disputed these figures "as grossly inflated", and some journalists, including one of the state-owned news agency RIA Novosti, said the real number was "much lower". The infographics from Ria Novosti shows that the Poklonnaya Hill site can provide room for a maximum of 193,000 people at a density of 35 people per 10 sq m, or for 117,000 people at a smaller and more realistic density distribution. Some demonstrators, many of whom were state employees, said they attended under threat of dismissal. Some such claims made in the course of the protest organisation were later refuted as falsifications by the opposition activists and many other demonstrators said they came on their own free will according to a pro-government news site politonline.ru. Vladimir Putin acknowledged that some attendees could have been coerced, but said that it was impossible to gather so many people by administrative pressure alone. The participants were mostly middle age, but there were many young and old persons. Some of the participants were bused from other regions and cities with the transport provided by organisations participating in the action. At a temperature of −21 °C, a number of heat guns were set up, as well as tents with free hot tea and confectionery. The resulting large attendance at the protest was not expected, and resulted in a traffic jam in a nearby Kutozovsky Avenue. The organisers of the protests applied to the Moscow authorities to gather 15,000 people, but since the number was exceeded, they were faced with paying a fine. Vladimir Putin, who earlier in the evening claimed to share the ideals of those who would go to Poklonnaya Hill, offered to pay part of the fine with his own money. The "anti-Orange protest" name alludes to the (November 2004 – January 2005) Orange Revolution in Ukraine, the most ill-known to Russians colour revolution. The term "orange" in Russian political discourse has highly negative connotations. The speakers declared to be against "orangeism", "collapse of the country", "perestroika" and "revolution", reminding the public of such historical events as Gorbachev's Perestroika and the 1917 Russian Revolution and urging never to repeat them. The call for fair elections was supported, but the leaders of protesters on Bolotnaya Square and Sakharov Avenue were condemned as "successors to those who destroyed the country in 1991 and 1917" and who allegedly want "to remove not Putin, but the Russian state". The visit of anti-government protest leaders to the U.S. embassy was condemned, as well as the alleged American interference. Pop-rock singer and composer Denis Maydanov performed on the scene, and pop-rock group Diskoteka Avariya sang their popular song "The Evil Approaches". The symbol of the "anti-Orange protest" was an orange snake strangled in a fist. The motto of the protest was "Нам есть, что терять!" (We have things to lose). The top slogan chosen by online vote was "Не дадим развалить страну!" (Won't allow collapse of the country!) and among those frequently used were "Мы за стабильность" (We are for stability) and "Когда мы едины и мы непобедимы!" (When we are united we are invincible!). Speakers on Poklonnaya Hill 30em Sergey Kurginyan, politologist, theatre director, TV host Maksim Shevchenko, journalist, TV and radio host Tatiana Tarasova, coach to more world and Olympic champions than any other coach in figure skating history Anatoly Wasserman, political pundit, a frequent winner of intellectual TV games Nikolay Starikov, writer, opinion journalist Mikhail Leontyev, journalist and politologist Valentin Lebedev, journalist, leader of the "Union of Orthodox citizens" Natalya Narochnitskaya, historian, politologist Eduard Bagirov, writer, scenarist Johan Bäckman, Finnish, political author, legal sociologist and criminologist Pavel Popovsky, leader of the "Union of airtroopers of Russia" Aleksandr Dugin, philosopher, politologist, nationalist publicist Alexander Prokhanov, writer, publicist Yegor Kholmogorov, nationalist publicist Vladimir Dolgikh, World War II veteran, two times Hero of Socialist Labor, member of the State Duma Media coverage right|thumb|RT team covering protests in Bolotnaya Square in Moscow on 10 December 2011 According to the BBC on 7 December, "State TV channels have generally ignored the protests, covering only pro-government rallies" In contrast, newspapers have mentioned the protests in more depth. The only federal TV station to mention the protests at length before 10's December was the independent, but not broadcast widely, Ren TV. By 10 December, however, breaking with practice in recent years, all the main state-controlled channels were covering the protests, and in a professional and objective manner. According to one Russian media Alexey Pivovarov, NTV-channel host (now tightly run state media), refused to broadcast if the protests are not covered. Later, in 2013 Pivovarov have left the NTV. Western media covered the protests extensively starting on 5 December. Initial coverage by Fox News used footage of the 2011 Athens riots, showing palm trees, people throwing Molotov cocktails at police, and signs in Greek which Fox later claimed was an error and subsequently removed the report from its site. Internet Twitter users in Russia have reported being overwhelmed by pro-government tweets timed to Bolotnaya Square protest-related tweets. Many tweets seem to have been sent by hijacked computers, though the perpetrator(s) are not yet known. According to a report made by The Wall Street Journal the Russia's Federal Security Service (FSB) have made a formal request to the social media site VKontakte to block opposition groups who 'encourage people to "trash the streets, to organize a revolution". The request was declined as only a few users behaved violently and it was unjust to ban a whole generally peaceful group. Sites and naming of protests The two largest protest actions in December 2011 took place on Bolotnaya Square (10 December) and Academician Sakharov Avenue (24 December), and another major protest action is planned on Bolotnaya on 4 February 2012. This resulted in the campaigners being dubbed the "Bolotnaya-Sakharov opposition", or taking into account the root meanings, the "swampy-sugar opposition." Former Speaker of Russia's State Duma and a leader of the United Russia party Boris Gryzlov advised Russians to "keep away of all those swamps", alluding to the phrase from the Russian film adaptation of Conan Doyle's The Hound of the Baskervilles ("As you value your life or your reason keep away from the moor" in the original book). Symbols 100px|right|thumb|White ribbon, used by the "for fair elections" protesters. The white ribbon emerged in October 2011 as a symbol of opposition and since the elections has picked up momentum. Some Russians have been tying it to their clothing, cars, and other objects, and the motif has appeared on runet and on Twitter. By 10 December, the TV Rain channel was showing a white ribbon by its on-screen logo. The station's owner, Natalya Sindeyeva, explained this as being a sign of "sincerity", rather than "propaganda", and an attempt to be "mediators" instead of simply journalists. NTV described 10 December as the day of "white ribbons". Vladimir Putin contemptuously referred to the white ribbons used by Russian protesters, comparing them to condoms being used as a symbol of the fight against AIDS. Reactions Response from Russian officials President Dmitry Medvedev ordered an investigation into allegations of vote-rigging, though this received a cynical response from many opponents on his Facebook page. He also defended the right of people to express their views, while denouncing the street protests. On 22 December 2011, he called for a number of reform steps, including reintroducing the direct election of governors and reducing the required signatures for registering a political party or running in the presidential election. A bill reintroducing direct election of governors was introduced in the Duma on 16 January 2012. thumb|300px|thumbtime=1:06|At his annual question and answer TV conference Vladimir Putin answers Alexey Venediktov's question: "I'm glad that people appear who actively voice their position. I repeat, that if that is the result of 'Putin's regime', I'm glad that such people appear." Prime Minister Vladimir Putin said that Hillary Clinton "set the tone for some opposition activists" to act "in accordance with a well-known scenario and in their own mercenary political interests <...> our people do not want the situation in Russia to develop like it was in Kyrgyzstan or not so long ago in Ukraine." Putin's spokesperson Dmitry Peskov said on 12 December that, "Even if you add up all this so-called evidence, it accounts for just over 0.5 percent of the total number of votes. So even if hypothetically you recognise that they are being contested in court, then in any case, this can in no way affect the question of the vote's legitimacy or the overall results." On 15 December 2011, Putin claimed that the organisers of the protests were former (Russian) advisors to former Ukrainian president Viktor Yushchenko during his presidency who were transferring the Orange Revolution to Russia; he also claimed some organisers were paid by "foreign powers". On 27 December 2011, Putin reassigned Vladislav Surkov to the task of advancing Russia's modernisation and development efforts; he remains a deputy prime minister but will no longer oversee Russia's political processes. Putin suggested that a dialogue with the protestors on the internet might be productive, but while upholding the right of the protestors to protest, criticised them for lack of direction and lack of a program relevant to Russia's development, comparing them to "Brownian motion, going every which way." Vladislav Surkov, political adviser to the Kremlin and Chief of Russian Presidential Administration, who had been developing strategies for Russia to cope with an uprising such as the Orange Revolution in Ukraine has recognised the vital nature of the demonstrators but hopes to head off development of a potentially revolutionary movement by instituting reforms such as those announced by Russian president Dmitri A. Medvedev in his state of the nation address made 21 December 2011. According to Surkov, "The system has already changed". The rights of at least three Western television news channels (the BBC, CNN and Bloomberg) were suspended in Moscow by major provider Akado Telecom on 12 July 2012. While the move was not officially linked to the protests, but rather to outdated licences, Alexei Navalny noted that it came just three days after comments by President Putin that "Russia's policies often suffer from a one-sided portrayal these days". Response from the Obama Administration United States Jay Carney, President Barack Obama's second White House Press Secretary, said that anti-government protests in Russia are a "positive sign" for democracy in the country. Other reactions Mikhail Gorbachev, former president of the Soviet Union and general secretary of the Soviet Communist Party, has called on the authorities to hold a new election, citing electoral irregularities and ballot box stuffing. He criticised Vladimir Putin and the United Russia political party for violating peoples human rights and for not ruling the country in a proper Democratic fashion. During the next major round of demonstrations that occurred on 24 December, he called on Putin to resign. Interpretation of protests thumb|«Prague is closer to us than Pyongyang»:a portrait of former Czech President and anti-communist dissident Václav Havel The 2011 protests were the biggest in Russia since the 1990s, and surprised many with their scale. According to Victor Shenderovich, an opposition political commentator for radio station Ekho Moskvy, "This is political, not economic. The coal miners came out because they were not paid. The people coming onto the streets of Moscow are very well off. These are people protesting because they were humiliated. They were not asked. They were just told, 'Putin is coming back.'" According to Thomas L. Friedman, The New York Times columnist this humiliation of the rising middle class is the common ground the Russian movement shares with the Arab Spring. According to The New York Times, another "explanation is the high level of public corruption [in Russia], which threatens new personal wealth. A second is a phenomenon seen in Gen. Augusto Pinochet's Chile, that economic growth can inadvertently undermine autocratic rule by creating an urban professional class that clamors for new political rights." An additional explanation is that "Putin's unilateral announcement in September that he would run again for the presidency, in effect swapping places with Mr. Medvedev" contributed greatly, something some "Russians now snidely refer to [...] as "rokirovka" – the Russian word for castling in chess". Imprisoned oligarch Mikhail Khodorkovsky has claimed that the protests were inspired, at least in part, by the example of the Arab Spring. He told The Guardian, "We have only to reflect on the events in countries swept up in the Arab Spring to recognise the transformation taking place in the compact between the rulers and the ruled. While there are certainly many differences between those countries and Russia, there are some fundamental similarities." In March 2012 Sergei Mironov, running for the presidency of Russia, also compared the situation to the Arab Spring, saying that: "Whoever wins the presidency, if he does not immediately begin deep political and social reforms [...] Russia will be shaken by a kind of Arab Spring within two years." The Telegraph pointed out that since Mironov is a former ally of Vladimir Putin, he could have been trying to scaremonger "as a subtle way of endorsing a crackdown on street demonstrations that are expected in the days after the vote". Repression Vyacheslav Volodin, who was Deputy Prime Minister at the time and later became First Deputy Chief of Staff of the Presidential Administration of Russia, was responsible for domestic policy and was tasked with countering the revolution and began to rein in the internet using Prisma (Russian: «Призма») which "actively tracks the social media activities that result in increased social tension, disorderly conduct, protest sentiments and extremist" by monitoring in real time the protesters discussions on blogs and social networks and performs social media tracking which later led to the establishment of the Internet Research Agency.Chen Adrian https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/07/magazine/the-agency.html The Agency: From a nondescript office building in St. Petersburg, Russia, an army of well-paid "trolls" has tried to wreak havoc all around the Internet — and in real-life American communities. New York Times 2 June 2015 19 August 2024 19 December 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20191219110727/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/07/magazine/the-agency.htmlBuribayev Aydar Badanin Roman 16 August 2012 Kak vlasti chitayut vashi blogi: rassledovaniye Forbes ru:Как власти читают ваши блоги: расследование Forbes How the authorities read your blogs: Forbes investigation https://www.forbes.ru/sobytiya/vlast/92590-kak-vlasti-chitayut-vashi-blogi-rassledovanie-forbes live https://web.archive.org/web/20190407203613/https://www.forbes.ru/sobytiya/vlast/92590-kak-vlasti-chitayut-vashi-blogi-rassledovanie-forbes 7 April 2019 19 August 2024 Forbes Russia ru 8 June 2012 in response to increased militancy by a segment of the protest movement a law was enacted imposing severe penalties on protesters who engage in unauthorised demonstrations or who exceed the boundaries of authorised ones. Maximum penalties were fines of several thousand rubles or imposed labour of up to 200 hours. On 11 June 2012, the day before a scheduled protest in Moscow the homes of the prominent activists, Kseniya Sobchak, Alexei Navalny, Sergei Udaltsov and others were raided and extensively searched. Literature, electronic data, lists of supporters, and funds were seized. The activists were ordered to report to the Investigative Committee of Russia for questioning during the scheduled protest. Raids Target Putin's Critics Before Protest https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/12/world/europe/russian-investigators-search-apartments-of-top-opposition-leaders.html 12 June 2012 The New York Times 11 June 2012 Ellen Barry In popular culture All the Kremlin's Men, 2015 book by Mikhail Zygar.May 2022 Winter Go Away!, 2012 documentary/ drama film directed by Dmitriy Kubasov.May 2022 Dressed Up for a Riot: Misadventures in Putin's Moscow, a 2018 nonfiction book by Michael IdovChotiner Isaac 2018-02-27 Is Vladimir Putin a Bond Villain—or a Coen Brothers Villain? https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2018/02/putins-moscow-according-to-former-gq-russia-editor-michael-idov.html 2023-01-13 Slate Magazine enDressed Up for a Riot https://us.macmillan.com/books/9780374538163/dressedupforariot 2023-01-13 Macmillan en-US See also Euromaidan List of protests in the 21st century Vyacheslav Volodin The Red Web by Andrei Soldatov and Irina Borogan Further reading Bibliography of Vladimir Putin Bibliography of Russian history (1991–present) Denis Volkov The Protest Movement in Russia 2011–2013: Sources, Dynamics and Structures Cameron Ross Systemic and Non-Systemic Opposition in the Russian Federation: Civil Society Awakens? Ashgate 2015 35–49 9781472435040 Notes nb References 30em https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/vladimir-putin/9061502/Anti-Putin-protests-return-to-Moscows-freezing-streets.html Anti-Putin protests return to Moscow's freezing streets London The Daily Telegraph Roland Oliphant 4 February 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120420081952/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/vladimir-putin/9061502/Anti-Putin-protests-return-to-Moscows-freezing-streets.html 2012-04-20 live, The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 5 February 2012 https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/9119037/Arab-Spring-could-come-to-Russia-without-reforms-warns-Putin-rival.html Arab Spring could come to Russia without reforms warns Putin rival London The Daily Telegraph Tom Parfitt 2 March 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20131031094137/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/9119037/Arab-Spring-could-come-to-Russia-without-reforms-warns-Putin-rival.html 2013-10-31 live, The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2 March 2012 https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/dec/11/medvedev-orders-inquiry-poll-violations Putin and Medvedev try to calm Russian election outcry London The Guardian Miriam Elder 11 December 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20130114234955/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/dec/11/medvedev-orders-inquiry-poll-violations 2013-01-14 live, The Guardian. Retrieved 12 December 2011 https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17136644 Putin tells stadium rally 'battle' is on for Russia BBC News 23 February 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20140428152446/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17136644 2014-04-28 live, BBC. Retrieved 28 February 2012 https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jun/12/russians-thousands-protest-vladimir-putin Russians turn out in their thousands to protest against Vladimir Putin The Guardian 12 June 2012 London 12 June 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20130114235507/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/jun/12/russians-thousands-protest-vladimir-putin 2013-01-14 live http://24dec.ru/ ru:За честные выборы! For Fair Elections Moscow ru For Fair Elections! 23 December 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20121023060409/http://24dec.ru/ 23 October 2012 dead https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/may/06/russian-violent-protests-putin-return-president Violent protests erupt in Russia on eve of Putin's return as president The Guardian 6 May 2012 London 6 May 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20130114235123/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/may/06/russian-violent-protests-putin-return-president 2013-01-14 live Opposition Rally in Moscow Draws Tens of Thousands https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2012/06/12/world/europe/ap-eu-russia-opposition.html 12 June 2012 The New York Times 12 June 2012 Associated Press https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2012/06/12/world/europe/ap-eu-russia-opposition.html September 2012 https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-20037209 Anti-Putin opposition elected in Russian online poll BBC News 23 October 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20140218213111/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-20037209 2014-02-18 live, BBC, 23 October 2012. Retrieved 9 November 2012. http://www.aljazeera.com/news/europe/2011/12/2011121053755418485.html Anti-Putin protests erupt across Russia – Europe Al Jazeera 4 October 2011 11 December 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20140427110458/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/europe/2011/12/2011121053755418485.html 2014-04-27 live Anti-Putin protests erupt across Russia http://www.aljazeera.com/news/europe/2011/12/2011121053755418485.html Al Jazeera 11 December 2011 11 December 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20140427110458/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/europe/2011/12/2011121053755418485.html 2014-04-27 live Moscow protest: Thousands rally against Vladimir Putin https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-16324644 24 December 2011 BBC News 24 December 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20140428082106/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-16324644 2014-04-28 live https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-16128473 Analysis: Russian TV grapples with protests BBC News 10 December 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20140428063431/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-16128473 2014-04-28 live, BBC. Retrieved 10 December 2011 Tens of Thousands Gather in Moscow to Protest https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/25/world/europe/tens-of-thousands-of-protesters-gather-in-moscow-russia.html 24 December 2011 The New York Times 24 December 2011 Ellen Barry Michael Schwirtz Boosted by Putin, Russia's Middle Class Turns on Him https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/12/world/europe/huge-moscow-rally-suggests-a-shift-in-public-mood.html 11 December 2011 The New York Times 11 December 2011 Andrew E. Kramer David M. Herszenhorn In a 2010 study of Muscovites' political leanings, Mikhail E. Dmitriyev, president of the Center for Strategic Development, a research organization in Moscow,..."In Moscow, rising incomes correlate with respondents' saying discontent is rising," Mr. Dmitriyev wrote. Moscow and other cities, he wrote, are incubating a hostile population, especially of young men. "These are five million individuals dangerously concentrated within a 10-mile proximity around the Kremlin," he wrote. Putin Says His Foes Are Using Protests to Destabilize Russia https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/16/world/europe/putin-answers-questions-on-television-on-russian-election.html 15 December 2011 The New York Times 15 December 2011 Michael Schwirtz http://www.cvk2012.org/ Central electoral committee of the Russian Opposition https://web.archive.org/web/20140409102929/http://www.cvk2012.org/ 2014-04-09 live (Official site – in Russian). Retrieved 9 November 2012. http://www.1tv.ru/news/polit/194874 Channel One (Russia) https://web.archive.org/web/20140407160917/http://www.1tv.ru/news/polit/194874 2014-04-07 live Rally Defying Putin's Party Draws Tens of Thousands Ellen Barry https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/11/world/europe/thousands-protest-in-moscow-russia-in-defiance-of-putin.html The New York Times 10 December 2011 11 December 2011 https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/13/world/europe/attendance-is-light-at-united-russia-rally.html?_r=1&ref=world Few at Putin Party's Rally, and Even Fewer Willingly – The New York Times Michael Schwirtz The New York Times 12 December 2011 "Moreover, many of the attendees seemed to have been taken there against their will." https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/8947476/Fox-news-uses-Athens-riots-footage-for-Russian-protests.html Fox news uses Athens riots footage for Russian protests The Daily Telegraph 12 December 2011 London Andrew Osborn 9 December 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20131022104914/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/8947476/Fox-news-uses-Athens-riots-footage-for-Russian-protests.html 2013-10-22 live Putin's aide calls opinion that all Ukrainians want European integration "sick self-delusion", Interfax-Ukraine (21 August 2013) https://web.archive.org/web/20130927070103/http://www.interfax.co.uk/ukraine-news/putins-aide-calls-opinion-that-all-ukrainians-want-european-integration-sick-self-delusion-2/ 27 September 2013 https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/dec/09/vladimir-putin-protests-opposition-elections Putin faces wave of protests as opposition calls for new Russian elections London The Guardian Miriam Elder 9 December 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20130114235040/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/dec/09/vladimir-putin-protests-opposition-elections 2013-01-14 live, The Guardian. 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Retrieved 10 December 2011 Russia Protests: Tens of Thousands Rally in Biggest Anti-Putin Demonstration Yet http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/12/24/russia-protests_n_1168712.html 26 December 2011 Huffington Post 25 December 2011 Nataliya Vasilyeva Jim Heintz Associated Press https://web.archive.org/web/20140318165406/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/12/24/russia-protests_n_1168712.html 2014-03-18 live May Robert Hundreds Protest Election Results The Kazan Herald Kazan 11 December 2011 10 December 2011 http://kazanherald.com/2011/12/10/hundreds-protest-election-results/ https://web.archive.org/web/20120426040307/http://kazanherald.com/2011/12/10/hundreds-protest-election-results/ 2012-04-26 dead http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-russia-election-idUKTRE82300520120305 Reuters Hundreds of anti-Putin protesters detained in Russia 5 March 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20140407102442/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2012/03/05/uk-russia-election-idUKTRE82300520120305 2014-04-07 dead https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/8937133/Hundreds-of-protesters-arrested-following-Russian-elections.html Hundreds of protesters arrested following Russian elections The Daily Telegraph 12 December 2011 London Andrew Osborn 6 December 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20120111173629/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/8937133/Hundreds-of-protesters-arrested-following-Russian-elections.html 2012-01-11 live https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/05/world/europe/tens-of-thousands-protest-putin-in-moscow-russia.html In Biting Cold, Protesters Pack the Center of Moscow The New York Times Ellen Barry Andrew E. Kramer 4 February 2012 The New York Times, 4 February 2012 https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/may/07/vladimir-putin-inaugurated-russian-president Vladimir Putin inaugurated as Russian president amid Moscow protests The Guardian 7 May 2012 London Miriam Elder 7 May 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20130602074715/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/may/07/vladimir-putin-inaugurated-russian-president 2013-06-02 live https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/vladimir-putin/9250729/Vladimir-Putin-inauguration-shows-how-popularity-has-crumbled.html Vladimir Putin inauguration shows how popularity has crumbled The Daily Telegraph 7 May 2012 London Tom Parfitt 7 May 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20131114003111/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/vladimir-putin/9250729/Vladimir-Putin-inauguration-shows-how-popularity-has-crumbled.html 2013-11-14 live https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/feb/26/russia-putin-elections-mikhail-khodorkovsky Russia will stand up to Putin, says jailed former oligarch Mikhail Khodorkovsky London The Guardian Luke Harding Mark Rice-Oxley 26 February 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20130114235519/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/feb/26/russia-putin-elections-mikhail-khodorkovsky 2013-01-14 live, The Guardian. 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Retrieved 29 December 2011. https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/latest/2011/12/10/mass-rallies-demand-putin-quits-115875-23626125/ Mass rallies demand Putin quits Daily Mirror UK 11 August 2009 11 December 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20111217214801/http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/latest/2011/12/10/mass-rallies-demand-putin-quits-115875-23626125/ 2011-12-17 live https://www.voanews.com/a/article---new-anti-election-fraud-protests-begin-in-moscow----136180068/149907.html Massive Russian Protest Poses Growing Challenge 23 December 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20120414080224/http://www.voanews.com/english/news/europe/--New-Anti-Election-Fraud-Protests-Begin-in-Moscow----136180068.html 2012-04-14 live. Voice of America.com (24 December 2011). Retrieved 29 December 2011. Medvedev 'tweet' sends the Russian blogosphere into a frenzy https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/dec/07/medvedev-tweet-russian-blogosphere-frenzy 12 December 2011 The Guardian 7 December 2011 Miriam Elder London https://web.archive.org/web/20130114235018/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/dec/07/medvedev-tweet-russian-blogosphere-frenzy 2013-01-14 live http://eng.kremlin.ru/transcripts/4145 Meeting with Russian ambassadors and permanent representatives in international organisations 9 July 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20140422191642/http://eng.kremlin.ru/transcripts/4145 2014-04-22 live, President of Russia (kremlin.ru), 9 July 2012. 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Retrieved 29 December 2011. http://www.themoscownews.com/politics/20111208/189271247.html The empire strikes back https://web.archive.org/web/20130617010827/http://www.themoscownews.com/politics/20111208/189271247.html 17 June 2013 dead 13 December 2011, themoscownews.com http://www.ntv.ru/novosti/253976/ NTV (Russia) https://web.archive.org/web/20140407090313/http://www.ntv.ru/novosti/253976/ 2014-04-07 live Though One More Rally Is Set, a Protest Wanes in Post-Election Russia https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/10/world/europe/after-russia-elects-putin-a-protest-wanes.html 10 March 2012 The New York Times 9 March 2012 Ellen Barry Russians Rally Against Adoption Ban in a Revival of Anti-Kremlin Protests https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/14/world/europe/thousands-of-russians-rally-against-adoption-ban.html 14 January 2013 The New York Times 13 January 2013 Ellen Barry Andrew Roth As Putin's Grip Gets Tighter, a Time of Protest Fades in Russia https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/06/world/europe/in-russia-a-trendy-activism-against-putin-loses-its-moment.html 6 January 2013 The New York Times 5 January 2013 Ellen Barry Russia Opens New Inquiry Targeting an Activist https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/15/world/europe/russian-police-open-new-case-against-aleksei-a-navalny.html 15 December 2012 The New York Times 14 December 2012 Andrew E. Kramer Protesters in Moscow Stage New Demonstration https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/16/world/europe/russia-moscow-protests.html 15 December 2012 The New York Times 15 December 2012 David M. Herszenhorn Ellen Barry New Russian Law Assesses Heavy Fines on Protesters https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/09/world/europe/putin-signs-law-with-harsh-fines-for-protesters-in-russia.html David M. Herszenhorn 9 June 2012 The New York Times 8 June 2012 Tens of Thousands Gather in Moscow to Protest https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/25/world/europe/tens-of-thousands-of-protesters-gather-in-moscow-russia.html 24 December 2011 The New York Times 24 December 2011 Ellen Barry Grappling With Vote Protests, Putin Seeks to Blame Clinton https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/09/world/europe/putin-accuses-clinton-of-instigating-russian-protests.html 8 December 2011 The New York Times 8 December 2011 David M. Herszenhorn Steven Lee Myers Opposition Finds Apathy Over Election in Russia City By DAVID M. HERSZENHORN https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/13/world/europe/moscow-activists-find-apathy-in-astrakhan.html 13 April 2012 The New York Times 12 April 2012 David M. Herszenhorn Thousands Join Anti-Kremlin Protest in Moscow https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/27/world/europe/thousands-join-anti-kremlin-protest-in-moscow.html 26 February 2012 The New York Times 26 February 2012 Michael Schwirtz The protest was called the Big White Circle, and demonstrators arrived decked out in full-length white furs and huge white hats. Long lines of people unfurled rolls of paper towels and waved them while cars drove along the road, the Garden Ring, honking furiously and displaying their own white flags and banners. Russian Liberals Growing Uneasy With Alliances https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/29/world/europe/russian-liberals-weigh-alliance-with-nationalists.html 29 January 2012 The New York Times 28 January 2012 Michael Schwirtz Where Communists See an Opening, Many Russians See a Closed Door https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/21/world/europe/communists-solidify-opposition-role-in-russia.html 22 December 2011 The New York Times 20 December 2011 David M. Herszenhorn He, [Gennadi A. Zyuganov], has joined in popular protests against Mr. Putin's government, while seeking to block the rise of the liberal reformers leading those rallies by denouncing them as a subversive threat to Russia's future. The Politics of Dignity https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/01/opinion/friedman-the-politics-of-dignity.html 1 February 2012 The New York Times 31 January 2012 Thomas L. Friedman Op-ed column One phrase, he says, "suddenly appeared all over the country: 'We are not cattle.' Large Anti-Putin Protest Signals Growing Resolve https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/13/world/europe/anti-putin-demonstrators-gather-in-moscow.html 13 June 2012 The New York Times 12 June 2012 David M. Herszenhorn Ellen Barry Protesters Defy Efforts to Muffle Anti-Putin Outcry https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/13/world/europe/anti-putin-demonstrators-gather-in-moscow.html 12 June 2012 The New York Times 12 June 2012 David M. Herszenhorn Ellen Barry Moscow's Winter of Dissent Faces Reality of Putin's Win https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/11/world/europe/moscow-protesters-confront-the-reality-of-putins-re-election.html 10 March 2012 The New York Times 10 March 2012 David M. Herszenhorn Ellen Barry Arrests and Violence at Overflowing Rally in Moscow https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/07/world/europe/at-moscow-rally-arrests-and-violence.html 7 May 2012 The New York Times 6 May 2012 Ellen Barry Michael Schwirtz Moscow Protesters Take Their Show on the Road https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/15/world/europe/leaders-of-rallies-in-moscow-take-their-show-on-the-road.html 15 April 2012 The New York Times 14 April 2012 David M. Herszenhorn Architect of Putin's System of Politics Is Reassigned https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/28/world/europe/putin-takes-another-swipe-at-russian-protesters.html 27 December 2011 The New York Times 27 December 2011 Ellen Barry http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/World/New-Russian-protest-sees-smaller-turnout/Article1-783870.aspx New Russian protest sees smaller turnout 17 December 2011 20 December 2011 Hindustan Times https://web.archive.org/web/20130616005554/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/World/New-Russian-protest-sees-smaller-turnout/Article1-783870.aspx 16 June 2013 dead https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iM0as_1tGwYci_h-endRJfwu2ZhQ?docId=CNG.1b1c1e6e86480c1ebb12077314907860.141 https://web.archive.org/web/20121010055240/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iM0as_1tGwYci_h-endRJfwu2ZhQ?docId=CNG.1b1c1e6e86480c1ebb12077314907860.141 dead 10 October 2012 New Russian protest yields smaller turnout 17 December 2011 20 December 2011 Agence France-Presse http://www.novayagazeta.ru/news/52861.html ru:Оппозиционные митинги 24 декабря в городах России и мира Yevgeny Feldmann 23 December 2011 Novaya Gazeta ru Opposition rallies of 24 December in Russian cities and around the world 23 December 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20131013204643/http://www.novayagazeta.ru/news/52861.html 2013-10-13 live Russia Allows Protest, but Tries to Discourage Attendance https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/10/world/europe/russia-allows-rally-but-discourages-attendance.html 10 December 2011 The New York Times 9 December 2011 Michael Schwirtz https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17422267 Dozens held at Moscow protest over 'pro-Putin' TV film 18 March 2012 BBC News 18 March 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20140421125231/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17422267 2014-04-21 live https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/vladimir-putin/9151502/Russian-opposition-figures-arrested-after-anti-Putin-Moscow-rally.html Russian opposition figures arrested after anti-Putin Moscow rally 18 March 2012 London The Daily Telegraph Tom Parfitt 18 March 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120421075424/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/vladimir-putin/9151502/Russian-opposition-figures-arrested-after-anti-Putin-Moscow-rally.html 2012-04-21 live Outspoken Putin critic Alexei Navalny hit with prison sentence https://edition.cnn.com/2013/07/18/world/europe/russia-navalny-case/index.html 18 July 2013 18 July 2013 CNN https://web.archive.org/web/20131016111550/http://edition.cnn.com/2013/07/18/world/europe/russia-navalny-case/index.html 2013-10-16 live Young and Connected, 'Office Plankton' Protesters Surprise Russia https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/24/world/europe/young-and-connected-office-plankton-protesters-stir-russia.html 23 December 2011 The New York Times 23 December 2011 Ellen Barry http://rbth.ru/articles/2012/11/09/post-election_schism_in_russias_opposition_parties_19949.html Post-election schism in Russia's opposition parties 9 November 2012 9 November 2012 17 April 2013 https://archive.today/20130417120457/http://rbth.ru/articles/2012/11/09/post-election_schism_in_russias_opposition_parties_19949.html dead , Russia Beyond the Headlines, 9 November 2012. Retrieved 9 November 2012. https://www.voanews.com/a/moscow-braces-for-anti-putin-rally-135313948/149331.html Voice of America 9 December 2011 Pro democracy protests put Putin, Russia at crossroads https://web.archive.org/web/20120418194651/http://www.voanews.com/english/news/Moscow-Braces-for-Anti-Putin-Rally-135313948.html 18 April 2012 live 9 December 2011 https://www.voanews.com/a/moscow-braces-for-anti-putin-rally-135313948/149331.html Voice of America 9 December 2011 Pro-Democracy Protests Put Putin, Russia at Turning Point https://web.archive.org/web/20120418194651/http://www.voanews.com/english/news/Moscow-Braces-for-Anti-Putin-Rally-135313948.html 18 April 2012 live 9 December 2011 http://www.euronews.net/2011/12/12/pro-putin-supporters-rally-in-moscow/ Pro-Putin supporters rally in Moscow 12 December 2011 12 December 2011 Euronews 8 January 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120108161935/http://www.euronews.net/2011/12/12/pro-putin-supporters-rally-in-moscow dead Rousing Russia With a Phrase https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/10/world/europe/the-saturday-profile-blogger-aleksei-navalny-rouses-russia.html 10 December 2011 The New York Times 9 December 2011 Ellen Barry Saturday Rally Suggests Protest Mood Is Growing http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/saturday-rally-suggests-protest-mood-is-growing/450414.html 24 December 2011 The Moscow Times 24 December 2011 Alexander Bratersky Natalya Krainova https://web.archive.org/web/20140427082848/http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/saturday-rally-suggests-protest-mood-is-growing/450414.html 2014-04-27 live Protests across Russia to test Putin and opponents Steve Gutterman https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-idUSTRE7B610S20111209?feedType=RSS&feedName=topNews&rpc=71 Reuters 9 December 2011 11 December 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20140407095244/https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/12/09/us-russia-idUSTRE7B610S20111209?feedType=RSS&feedName=topNews&rpc=71 2014-04-07 live Gutterman Steve https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-idUSTRE7B610S20111209?feedType=RSS&feedName=topNews&rpc=71 Protests across Russia to test Putin and opponents Reuters 12 December 2011 9 December 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20140407095244/https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/12/09/us-russia-idUSTRE7B610S20111209?feedType=RSS&feedName=topNews&rpc=71 2014-04-07 live https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/gorbachev-calls-for-nullifying-elections-as-protests-continue-in-moscow/2011/12/07/gIQAyWnMcO_story.html Protests continue in Moscow, as Gorbachev calls for nullifying elections The Washington Post 12 December 2011 7 December 2011 Will Englund Kathy Lally http://www.smh.com.au/world/putin-evokes-foreign-threats-in-election-battle-cry-20120224-1ttpm.html Putin evokes foreign threats in election battle cry 25 February 2012 26 February 2012 The Sydney Morning Herald https://web.archive.org/web/20140428125508/http://www.smh.com.au/world/putin-evokes-foreign-threats-in-election-battle-cry-20120224-1ttpm.html 2014-04-28 live https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-europe-16209917 Putin: Election undoubtedly reflected public opinion BBC News 15 December 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20120219083628/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-16209917 2012-02-19 live, BBC News (15 December 2011) Russian Protesters Mobilize Via Social Networks, As Key Opposition Leaders Jailed https://www.rferl.org/a/russian_protesters_mobilize_online_as_leaders_jailed/24414881.html 7 December 2011 Radio Free Europe, Radio Liberty 7 December 2011 Tom Balmforth https://web.archive.org/web/20131015224954/http://www.rferl.org/content/russian_protesters_mobilize_online_as_leaders_jailed/24414881.html 2013-10-15 live https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17653930 Moscow Red Square opened to opposition supporters BBC 9 April 2012 8 April 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20140428221023/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17653930 2014-04-28 live On Russian TV, a Straightforward Account Is Startling https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/11/world/europe/russian-tv-changing-its-strategy-shows-protests.html 11 December 2011 The New York Times 10 December 2011 Michael Schwirtz Miriam Elder in Moscow https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/dec/07/russia-anti-putin-protest-grow?newsfeed=true Russia's anti-Putin protests grow The Guardian UK 11 December 2011 7 December 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20130114235143/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/dec/07/russia-anti-putin-protest-grow?newsfeed=true 2013-01-14 live https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-19994303 Russia's opposition ballot: The country's other elections BBC News 19 October 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20140219070353/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-19994303 2014-02-19 live, BBC, 19 October 2012. 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The company said it responded to the authorities that it would not be fair to shut down opposition groups because of a few people who are calling for violence and that it would only make sense to block the violent users. https://web.archive.org/web/20140407092153/https://blogs.wsj.com/emergingeurope/2011/12/08/russian-social-network-fsb-asked-it-to-block-kremlin-protesters/ 2014-04-07 live http://www.anti-orange.ru/post/18 https://web.archive.org/web/20120207204631/http://www.anti-orange.ru/post/18 dead 2012-02-07 Список выступающих anti-orange.ru http://www.anti-orange.ru/ https://web.archive.org/web/20120202071227/http://www.anti-orange.ru/ dead 2 February 2012 Anti-Orange protest website ru http://b-nemtsov.livejournal.com/135467.html Борис Немцов – Простите dead https://web.archive.org/web/20120618134213/http://b-nemtsov.livejournal.com/135467.html 18 June 2012 . B-nemtsov.livejournal.com (20 December 2011). Retrieved 29 December 2011. 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Retrieved 9 November 2012. http://eot.su/node/10425 Отчёт о митинге на Воробьёвых горах 24 декабря 2011 года | Суть времени eot.su https://web.archive.org/web/20140331041742/http://eot.su/node/10425 31 March 2014 http://lenta.ru/news/2012/02/04/fine/ Путин заплатит часть штрафа за митинг на Поклонной https://web.archive.org/web/20140427082248/http://lenta.ru/news/2012/02/04/fine/ 2014-04-27 dead Lenta.ru ru http://www.firstnews.ru/news/policy/antioranzhevaya-aktsiya-na-poklonnoy-gore-proshla-pod-lozungami-za-putina/ Антиоранжевая акция прошла под лозунгами "За Путина" 5 February 2012 4 March 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003058/http://www.firstnews.ru/news/policy/antioranzhevaya-aktsiya-na-poklonnoy-gore-proshla-pod-lozungami-za-putina/ dead firstnews.ru ru http://www.gazeta.ru/news/lenta/2011/12/17/n_2138378.shtml Митинг "Яблока" за честные выборы на Болотной закончился, очевидцы говорят о 5 тысячах участников 17 December 2011 17 December 2011 Gazeta.ru https://web.archive.org/web/20140407091938/http://www.gazeta.ru/news/lenta/2011/12/17/n_2138378.shtml 2014-04-07 live http://en.gazeta.ru/news/2012/05/06/a_4575717.shtml March of Millions turns into clashes with riot police – report update — Gazeta.Ru | English news blog en.gazeta.ru https://web.archive.org/web/20140407092319/http://en.gazeta.ru/news/2012/05/06/a_4575717.shtml 7 April 2014 http://en.gazeta.ru/opinions/2012/05/07/a_4576657.shtml Editorial: Authorized riots — Gazeta.Ru | Opinions en.gazeta.ru https://web.archive.org/web/20120712022003/http://en.gazeta.ru/opinions/2012/05/07/a_4576657.shtml 12 July 2012 http://www.gazeta.ru/politics/elections2011/2012/02/04_a_3987461.shtml Я Вовка, я за Путина! Gazeta.ru 4 February 2012 4 February 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20121113205935/http://www.gazeta.ru/politics/elections2011/2012/02/04_a_3987461.shtml 13 November 2012 dead http://www.gazeta.ru/news/lastnews/2011/12/10/n_2129454.shtml Пивоваров отказался выходить в эфир НТВ, если не будет освещен митинг на Болотной площади Gazeta.ru 27 April 2007 12 December 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20140407090947/http://www.gazeta.ru/news/lastnews/2011/12/10/n_2129454.shtml 2014-04-07 live http://www.gazeta.ru/politics/elections2011/2012/03/05_a_4026477.shtml Оппозиция вышла на Пушкинской Gazeta.ru 5 March 2012 6 March 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20121030224359/http://www.gazeta.ru/politics/elections2011/2012/03/05_a_4026477.shtml 2012-10-30 dead http://www.interfax.ru/society/txt.asp?id=22929 Митинг на Поклонной горе January 2018 InternetArchiveBot yes Interfax ru http://kprf.ru/actions/100484.html "Интерфакс": КПРФ проведет митинг на Манежной площади, согласованный с властями Москвы https://web.archive.org/web/20140427083614/http://kprf.ru/actions/100484.html 2014-04-27 live. 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Retrieved 26 February 2012 http://polit.ru/news/2011/12/20/nemtsov_kompromat/ ПОЛИТ.РУ: Life News опубликовал новый компромат на Немцова https://web.archive.org/web/20140407133652/http://polit.ru/news/2011/12/20/nemtsov_kompromat/ 2014-04-07 live. Polit.ru. Retrieved 29 December 2011. http://www.politonline.ru/comments/10432.html Как митинг на Поклонной собрал около 140 000 человек 4 February 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20140427082724/http://www.politonline.ru/comments/10432.html 2014-04-27 live politonline.ru ru http://premier.gov.ru/events/news/17330/ Председатель Правительства Российской Федерации В.В.Путин провёл заседание Координационного совета Общероссийского народного фронта https://web.archive.org/web/20120607083034/http://premier.gov.ru/events/news/17330/ 2012-06-07 dead Official site of Prime Minister of Russia. ru [Putin Compares Protesters' Ribbons to Condoms, Rejects Redo of Fraud-Tainted Vote]. Fox News Channel. 15 December 2011. http://radiovesti.ru/articles/2012-02-04/fm/32123 Плакаты Поклонной отличились креативом https://web.archive.org/web/20130116143035/http://radiovesti.ru/articles/2012-02-04/fm/32123 2013-01-16 live radiovesti.ru ru http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1495670.html Йохан Бекман на антиоранжевом митинге в Москве: "против России ведётся настоящая информационная война" https://web.archive.org/web/20140427083652/http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1495670.html 2014-04-27 live regnum.ru ru https://www.rferl.org/a/russia_direct_election_regional_governors/24453264.html Medvedev: Direct Election of Governors Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 16 January 2012 live https://web.archive.org/web/20140427083356/http://www.rferl.org/content/russia_direct_election_regional_governors/24453264.html 27 April 2014 http://ria.ru/society/20120204/556495673.html Антиоранжевый митинг проходит на Поклонной горе 4 February 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20131029191011/http://ria.ru/society/20120204/556495673.html 2013-10-29 live RIAN ru http://ria.ru/society/20120204/556566380.html ГУМВД сообщает, что митинг на Поклонной собрал почти 140 тыс человек 4 February 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20140407084831/http://ria.ru/society/20120204/556566380.html 2014-04-07 live RIAN ru http://ria.ru/infografika/20111223/524373513.html Сколько человек может вместить проспект Сахарова в Москве 23 December 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20140417235913/http://ria.ru/infografika/20111223/524373513.html 2014-04-17 live RIAN http://ria.ru/infografika/20120203/555809005.html Сколько человек вмещает Болотная площадь 3 February 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120510001201/http://ria.ru/infografika/20120203/555809005.html 2012-05-10 live RIAN http://ria.ru/infografika/20120203/555526805.html Место проведения митинга на Поклонной горе в Москве 3 February 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20131030024027/http://ria.ru/infografika/20120203/555526805.html 2013-10-30 live http://www.rosbalt.ru/moscow/2011/12/24/928119.html На Воробьевых горах проходит альтернативный митинг не согласных с итогами выборов https://web.archive.org/web/20130116080220/http://www.rosbalt.ru/moscow/2011/12/24/928119.html 2013-01-16 live rosbalt.ru ru http://www.rusnovosti.ru/news/178383/ Из-за записей разговоров Немцова "лёг" сайт Life News В России Русская служба новостей https://web.archive.org/web/20140407095133/http://www.rusnovosti.ru/news/178383/ 7 April 2014 dead 20 December 2011. Rusnovosti.ru. Retrieved 29 December 2011. http://www.rusnovosti.ru/news/185766/ ru:Путин разделяет взгляды тех, кто выйдет на митинг на Поклонной горе https://web.archive.org/web/20130524114607/http://www.rusnovosti.ru/news/185766/ 24 May 2013 dead ru 5 February 2012 http://scilla.ru/content/view/4169/2/ Москва бурлит – Аналитический и новостной сайт информационно-экспертной групы Панорама Scilla.ru 11 December 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20140427083145/http://scilla.ru/content/view/4169/2/ 2014-04-27 live http://www.setyoufreenews.com/2012/03/04/we-won-teary-eyed-putin-proclaims-victory/ 'We won!' Teary-eyed Putin proclaims victory http://www.smena.ru/news/2012/01/10/19676 Все у нас получится! https://web.archive.org/web/20140427083629/http://www.smena.ru/news/2012/01/10/19676 2014-04-27 live smena.ru ru http://www.kyivpost.com/news/russia/detail/118993/ Putin calls 'color revolutions' an instrument of destabilization 15 December 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20120613094314/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/russia/detail/118993/ 2012-06-13 live, Kyiv Post (15 December 2011) http://www.sova-center.ru/racism-xenophobia/news/counteraction/2011/12/d23168/ В день выборов в Москве была пресечена акция протеста националистов / Декабрь / 2011 / Противодействие расизму и радикальному национализму / Новости / Расизм и ксенофобия / СОВА Sova-center.ru 11 December 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20140427083417/http://www.sova-center.ru/racism-xenophobia/news/counteraction/2011/12/d23168/ 2014-04-27 live http://www.svobodanews.ru/archive/ru_news_zone/20111205/17/17.html?id=24411662 Новости – Радио Свобода 2011 Svobodanews.ru 11 December 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20120219111547/http://www.svobodanews.ru/archive/ru_news_zone/20111205/17/17.html?id=24411662 2012-02-19 live https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/vladimir-putin/9101792/Vladimir-Putin-invokes-Napoleon-invasion-of-Russia-in-patriotic-call.html Vladimir Putin invokes Napoleon invasion of Russia in patriotic call 23 February 2012 26 February 2012 The Daily Telegraph London Roland Oliphant https://web.archive.org/web/20131112074845/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/vladimir-putin/9101792/Vladimir-Putin-invokes-Napoleon-invasion-of-Russia-in-patriotic-call.html 2013-11-12 live https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/8977219/Mikhail-Gorbachev-calls-for-Putin-to-resign.html The Daily Telegraph Mikhail Gorbachev calls for Putin to resign London 24 December 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20120111154156/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/8977219/Mikhail-Gorbachev-calls-for-Putin-to-resign.html 2012-01-11 dead. Retrieved 29 December 2011. http://vz.ru/news/2012/2/23/563536.html Путин: Главное, чтобы мы были вместе https://web.archive.org/web/20131023005029/http://vz.ru/news/2012/2/23/563536.html 2013-10-23 live vz.ru https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/russian-tv-provider-drops-cnn-bbc/2012/07/12/gJQAOXBzeW_story.html A cable-news mystery, Russian-style The Washington Post Will Englund 12 July 2012, The Washington Post, 12 July 2012. Retrieved 9 November 2012. http://www.vz.ru/onlinetext/2012/2/4/558902.html Померились цифрами https://web.archive.org/web/20130522185323/http://www.vz.ru/onlinetext/2012/2/4/558902.html 2013-05-22 live vz.ru ru https://www.ft.com/content/ccac424c-9796-11e1-9b05-00144feabdc0 Protesters' stand against Putin turns violent Catherine Belton Charles Clover 6 May 2012 Financial Times London http://www.ria.ru/infografika/20120203/555840256.html Сколько человек вмещает Поклонная гора 3 February 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20140407084753/http://ria.ru/infografika/20120203/555840256.html 2014-04-07 live RIAN http://www.vz.ru/politics/2012/1/31/557905.html На этот митинг нам не сдали почти ничего https://web.archive.org/web/20140423164304/http://vz.ru/politics/2012/1/31/557905.html 2014-04-23 live vz.ru ru http://www.1tv.ru/news/election/192985 Итогам парламентских выборов были сегодня посвящены многотысячные митинги в центре Москвы https://web.archive.org/web/20140413115919/http://www.1tv.ru/news/election/192985 2014-04-13 live Channel One ru Russian police and troops clash with protesters in Moscow Miriam Elder https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/dec/06/russian-police-troops-moscow-protest The Guardian 6 December 2011 7 December 2011 London https://web.archive.org/web/20130114235531/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/dec/06/russian-police-troops-moscow-protest 2013-01-14 live Gorbachev calls for Russian elections to be declared void https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/dec/07/gorbachev-russian-elections-void The Guardian 7 December 2011 7 December 2011 London https://web.archive.org/web/20130114235101/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/dec/07/gorbachev-russian-elections-void 2013-01-14 live Kremlin supporters gather in Moscow after vote protest http://en.ria.ru/russia/20111206/169398093.html RIA Novosti 6 December 2011 7 December 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20140228235047/http://en.ria.ru/russia/20111206/169398093.html 2014-02-28 live Russia Cracks Down on Antigovernment Protests Ellen Barry https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/07/world/europe/jailing-opposition-leaders-russia-moves-to-quell-election-protests.html?_r=1 The New York Times 6 December 2011 7 December 2011 Putin's Big Mistake? Julia Ioffe http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/newsdesk/2011/12/putins-big-mistake.html The New Yorker 6 December 2011 7 December 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20140407081847/http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/newsdesk/2011/12/putins-big-mistake.html 2014-04-07 live http://cifidiol.livejournal.com/1600.html How it really happened: polling station No. 6, Moscow (observer report at cifidiol LiveJournal blog) https://web.archive.org/web/20111206155659/http://cifidiol.livejournal.com/1600.html 6 December 2011 dead ru http://www.pravmir.ru/vybory-kak-eto-bylo-na-samom-dele-chast-1/ Russian Orthodox world (Pravoslavnyi mir) 7 December 2011 Election. How it really happened. Part 1 https://web.archive.org/web/20140427082254/http://www.pravmir.ru/vybory-kak-eto-bylo-na-samom-dele-chast-1/ 2014-04-27 live ru Opposition leader held as Russia beats back protests Andrew Osborn https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/8939283/Opposition-leader-held-as-Russia-beats-back-protests.html The Daily Telegraph 6 December 2011 7 December 2011 London https://web.archive.org/web/20120302173835/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/8939283/Opposition-leader-held-as-Russia-beats-back-protests.html 2012-03-02 live Police and protesters clash in Moscow after election protests https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/8938435/Police-and-protesters-clash-in-Moscow-after-election-protests.html The Daily Telegraph 6 December 2011 7 December 2011 London https://web.archive.org/web/20120108070607/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/8938435/Police-and-protesters-clash-in-Moscow-after-election-protests.html 2012-01-08 live Post-election clashes continue in Moscow https://www.cbsnews.com/news/post-election-clashes-continue-in-moscow/ CBS News 6 December 2011 7 December 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20130614013005/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-202_162-57337477/post-election-clashes-continue-in-moscow/ 2013-06-14 live Clover Charles https://www.ft.com/content/3f482224-2011-11e1-8662-00144feabdc0 Protesters defy troops on Moscow streets Financial Times 28 November 2011 8 December 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20120514105935/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/3f482224-2011-11e1-8662-00144feabdc0.html 2012-05-14 live Russia election: Hundreds rally against Putin in Moscow https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-16042797 BBC News 5 December 2011 7 December 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20120212232131/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-16042797 2012-02-12 live https://www.reuters.com/article/russia-update-1-tv-pix-idUSL5E7N73K320111207 UPDATE 1-Russian police block new anti-Putin rally Reuters 9 February 2009 8 December 2011 Guy Faulconbridge https://web.archive.org/web/20131224121337/https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/12/07/russia-update-1-tv-pix-idUSL5E7N73K320111207 2013-12-24 live http://infox.ru/authority/mans/2011/12/06/Miting_Nashih_okazal_print.phtml ru:Митинг "Наших" оказался многочисленнее мероприятия оппозиции https://web.archive.org/web/20140427082730/http://www.infox.ru/authority/mans/2011/12/06/Miting_Nashih_okazal_print.phtml 27 April 2014 dead ru Balmforth Tom https://www.rferl.org/a/russia_rallies_arrests_opposition_protests/24413923.html Hundreds Arrested on Second Night of Opposition Protests in Russia Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 6 December 2011 8 December 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20140427083612/http://www.rferl.org/content/russia_rallies_arrests_opposition_protests/24413923.html 2014-04-27 live Clover Charles https://www.ft.com/content/3f482224-2011-11e1-8662-00144feabdc0 Protesters defy troops on Moscow streets Financial Times 28 November 2011 8 December 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20120514105935/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/3f482224-2011-11e1-8662-00144feabdc0.html 2012-05-14 live External links Category:2011–13 Russian protests Thousands protest over alleged Russian election fraud no no no no no no Presentation by Masha Gessen about The Man Without a Face: The Unlikely Rise of Vladimir Putin, 8 March 2012 Gallery of images, Moscow 12 June 2012 Category:Political controversies in Russia Category:Protests in Russia Protests Protests Protests Russian Russian Russian Category:Electoral fraud in Russia Category:Russian democracy movements Category:Articles containing video clips Category:Protests against results of elections Category:Opposition to Vladimir Putin