1808–09 United States Senate elections

none March 2026 January 2025 1808–09 United States Senate elections United States 1795 legislative no 1806–07 United States Senate elections 1806 & 1807 1810–11 United States Senate elections 1810 & 1811 Class 1 1802–03 United States Senate elections 1802 & 1803 1814–15 United States Senate elections 1814 & 1815 12 of the 34 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 18 Dates vary by state 100px Seats up Democratic-Republican Party 27 seats 28 8 27 1 9 Federalist Party 7 seats 6 4 7 1 3 Majority Party Democratic-Republican Party Democratic-Republican Party File:1808senatemap.svg Results:#f2bfa6 Federalist hold #e27036 Federalist gain#bef3be Dem-Republican hold The 1808–09 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states, coinciding with the 1808 presidential election. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1808 and 1809, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/17th-amendment 17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913) National Archives and Records Administration February 8, 2022 In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 1. The Federalist Party gained one seat in these elections. The Federalists had gone into the elections with such a small share of Senate seats (6 out of 34, or 18%) that even if they had won every election, they would have still remained a minority caucus in the Senate chamber. In Massachusetts, an early election was called in after incumbent Senator and future President John Quincy Adams broke with his party on the Embargo Act of 1807. John Quincy Adams lost his seat to State Senator James Lloyd. Results summary Senate party division, 11th Congress (1809–1811) Majority party: Democratic-Republican (26) Minority party: Federalist (7–8) Other parties: 0 Total seats: 34 Change in composition Before the regular elections DR7 DR6 DR5 DR4 DR3 DR2 DR1 DR8 DR9 DR10 DR11 DR12 DR13 DR14 DR15 DR16 DR17 Majority → DR18 DR27Pa.Retired DR26R.I.Unknown DR25Vt.Ran DR24Tenn.Ran DR23OhioRan DR22N.Y.Ran DR21N.J.Ran DR20Md.Ran DR19 DR28Va.Retired F6Md.Ran F5Del.Ran F4Conn.Ran F3 F2 F1 Result of the regular elections DR7 DR6 DR5 DR4 DR3 DR2 DR1 DR8 DR9 DR10 DR11 DR12 DR13 DR14 DR15 DR16 DR17 Majority → DR18 V1Tenn.D Loss DR26Va.Hold DR25Pa.Hold DR24N.Y.Hold DR23N.J.Re-elected DR22Vt.Re-elected DR21OhioRe-elected DR20Md.Re-elected DR19 F7R.I.Gain F6Md.Hold F5Del.Re-elected F4Conn.Re-elected F3 F2 F1 Key: DR# Democratic-Republican F# Federalist V# Vacant Race summaries Except if/when noted, the number following candidates is the whole number vote(s), not a percentage. Special elections during the preceding Congress In these special elections, the winner was elected during 1808 or before March 4, 1809; ordered by election date. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoralhistory Massachusetts(Class 1) John Quincy Adams Federalist 1803 Incumbent resigned June 8, 1808, having broken with his party and lost re-election to the next term.New senator elected June 9, 1808 having already won election to the next term; see below.Federalist hold. Federalist Party James Lloyd (Federalist) 179 Democratic-Republican PartyWilliam Gray (Democratic-Republican) 127 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 18, 2018 Massachusetts 1808 U.S. Senate, Special https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ma.ussenate.b.1808 December 14, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20191214070429/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ma.ussenate.b.1808 dead , citing The Freeman's Journal and Philadelphia Mercantile Advertiser (Philadelphia, PA). June 13, 1808. Ohio(Class 1) John Smith Democratic-Republican 1803 Incumbent resigned April 25, 1808, despite surviving an expulsion trial in the Senate.New senator elected December 10, 1808.Democratic-Republican hold.Successor was also elected to the next term; see below. Democratic-Republican Party Return Meigs (Democratic-Republican) 43 Democratic-Republican PartyNathaniel Massie (Democratic-Republican) 22 Democratic-Republican PartyAlexander Campbell (Democratic-Republican) 3 Democratic-Republican PartyJames Pritchard (Democratic-Republican) 2Taylor William A. 1900 Ohio in Congress from 1803 to 1901 https://archive.org/details/ohioincongressfr00tayl Columbus, Ohio Century Publishing Co. Internet Archive 97 Pennsylvania(Class 1) Samuel Maclay Democratic-Republican 1802 Incumbent resigned before the December 1808 general election (effective January 4, 1809), believing he would lose re-election.New senator elected January 9, 1809.Democratic-Republican hold.Winner was also elected to the next term; see below. Democratic-Republican Party Michael Leib (Democratic-Republican) 89 Federalist PartyGeorge Latimer (Federalist) 12 Federalist PartyJoseph Hemphill (Federalist) 11 Democratic-Republican PartyWilliam Jones (Democratic-Republican) 4 UnknownJohn D. Coxe (Unknown) 4 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 3, 2018 Pennsylvania 1809 U.S. Senate, Special https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:pa.ussenate.special.1809 July 16, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190716070403/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:pa.ussenate.special.1809 dead , citing Journal of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, 1808. 174-176. Races leading to the next Congress In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1809; ordered by state. All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoralhistory Connecticut James Hillhouse Federalist 179617971803 Incumbent re-elected in 1809. Federalist Party James Hillhouse (Federalist) February 2020 Delaware Samuel White Federalist 1801 (appointed)1803 Incumbent re-elected January 11, 1809. Federalist Party Samuel White (Federalist) 17 Democratic-Republican PartyAndrew Gray (Democratic-Republican) 10 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 18, 2018 Delaware 1809 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:de.ussenator.1809 September 17, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190917172204/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:de.ussenator.1809 dead , citing United States' Gazette (Philadelphia, PA). January 14, 1809. Maryland Samuel Smith Democratic-Republican 1802 Incumbent re-elected November 14, 1809. Democratic-Republican Party Samuel Smith (Democratic-Republican) 53 Federalist PartyJohn Eager Howard (Federalist) 29 Federalist PartyJohn Thomson Mason (Federalist) 1 Federalist PartyJohn H. Nicholson (Federalist) 1 Federalist PartyBenjamin Stoddert (Federalist) 1 Federalist PartyBlank (Federalist) 2 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 18, 2018 Maryland 1809 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:md.u.s.senator.1809 February 28, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200228090033/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:md.u.s.senator.1809 dead , citing The Hornet (Fredericktown, Md.). November 29, 1809. Massachusetts John Quincy Adams Federalist 1803 Incumbent lost re-election as a Democratic-Republican.New senator elected June 2, 1808.Federalist hold.Incumbent resigned and winner was elected to finish the current term. Federalist Party James Lloyd (Federalist) 248 Democratic-Republican PartyJohn Quincy Adams (Democratic-Republican) 213 Federalist PartyLaban Wheaton (Federalist) 1 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 3, 2018 Massachusetts 1808 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ma.ussenate.a.1808 December 25, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20191225163402/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ma.ussenate.a.1808 dead , citing The Pittsfield Sun (Pittsfield, MA). June 11, 1808. New Jersey John Condit Democratic-Republican 1803 (appointed)1803 (special) Incumbent lost renomination. Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 6, 2018 New Jersey 1808 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2 https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nj.ussenate.2.1808 July 20, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190720233942/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nj.ussenate.2.1808 dead , citing The True American and Commercial Advertiser (Philadelphia, PA). November 9, 1808.New senator elected November 3, 1808 on the second ballot.Democratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican Party John Lambert (Democratic-Republican) 27 UnknownJohn Doughty (Unknown) 23 Democratic-Republican PartyEbenezer Elmer (Democratic-Republican) 3 Democratic-Republican PartyJohn Condit (Democratic-Republican) Eliminated Democratic-Republican PartyGeorge C. Maxwell (Democratic-Republican) Eliminated Democratic-Republican PartyHenry Southard (Democratic-Republican) Eliminated UnknownWilliam McCullough (Unknown) Eliminated New York Samuel L. Mitchill Democratic-Republican 1804 (special) Incumbent lost re-election.New senator elected February 7, 1809.Democratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican Party Obadiah German (Democratic-Republican) 52.4% Federalist PartyDavid Brooks (Federalist) 34.7% Democratic-Republican PartySamuel L. Mitchill (Democratic-Republican) 12.9%http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=392186 Our Campaigns NY US Senate February 23, 2015 Ohio Return Meigs Democratic-Republican 1808 (special) Incumbent elected December 10, 1808. Democratic-Republican Party Return Meigs (Democratic-Republican) 49 Democratic-Republican PartyAlexander Campbell (Democratic-Republican) 17 Democratic-Republican PartyJames Pritchard (Democratic-Republican) 4 Pennsylvania Samuel Maclay Democratic-Republican 1808 (special) Incumbent retired.New senator elected December 13, 1808 and subsequently elected to finish the remaining term.Democratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican Party Michael Leib (Democratic-Republican) 90 Federalist PartyJoseph Hemphill (Federalist) 24 ConstitutionalJohn D. Coxe (Constitutional) 11 UnknownNot voting 1U.S. Senate Election - 13 December 1808 http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox/sen/PaSen1808.pdf Wilkes University December 21, 2012 Rhode Island Benjamin Howland Democratic-Republican 1804 (special) Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election.New senator elected November 5, 1808.Federalist gain. Federalist Party Francis Malbone (Federalist) Democratic-Republican PartyNathaniel Hazard (Democratic-Republican) "by a majority of six" Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 18, 2018 Rhode Island 1808 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ri.ussenator.1808 June 2026 InternetArchiveBot , citing United States' Gazette (Philadelphia, PA). January 14, 1809. Tennessee Joseph Anderson Democratic-Republican 1797 (special)1799 (resigned)1799 (special)1803 Legislature failed to elect.Democratic-Republican loss.Incumbent was appointed to begin the term and was later elected to finish the term. Election was late; see above Vermont Jonathan Robinson Democratic-Republican 1807 (special) Incumbent re-elected in 1808. Democratic-Republican Party Jonathan Robinson (Democratic-Republican) 109 Federalist PartyDaniel Chipman (Federalist) 97 Scattering 3 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 18, 2018 Vermont 1808 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:vt.ussenate.1808 July 20, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190720121502/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:vt.ussenate.1808 dead , citing Weekly Wanderer (Randolph, VT). November 7, 1808. Virginia Andrew Moore Democratic-Republican 1804 (appointed)1804 (resigned)1804 (special) Incumbent retired. Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 18, 2018 Virginia 1809 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:va.ussenate.a.1809 March 11, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200311073450/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:va.ussenate.a.1809 dead , citing United States' Gazette (Philadelphia, PA). January 16, 1809.New senator elected in 1809.Democratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican Party Richard Brent (Democratic-Republican) Unopposed Special elections during the next Congress In this special election, the winner was elected in 1809 after March 4; ordered by election date. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoralhistory Tennessee(Class 1) Joseph Anderson Democratic-Republican 1797 (special)1799 (resigned)1799 (special)18031809 (appointed) Interim appointee elected April 11, 1809. Democratic-Republican Party Joseph Anderson (Democratic-Republican) 23 Democratic-Republican PartyJohn Sevier (Democratic-Republican) 16 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 January 29, 2018 Tennessee 1809 U.S. Senate, Special https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:tn.ussenate.April.1809 December 9, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20191209071655/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:tn.ussenate.April.1809 dead Tennessee(Class 2) Daniel Smith Democratic-Republican 1798 (special)1799 (resigned)1803 Incumbent resigned March 31, 1809.New senator elected April 11, 1809.Democratic-Republican hold.Winner was later re-elected early to the following Congress; see below. Democratic-Republican Party Jenkin Whiteside (Democratic-Republican) 22 UnknownJames Winchester 16 Democratic-Republican PartyJohn Sevier (Democratic-Republican) 1 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 January 30, 2018 Tennessee 1809 U.S. Senate, Special https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:tn.ussenate.special.1809 March 1, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200301235933/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:tn.ussenate.special.1809 dead , citing The Minerva (Raleigh, NC). May 4, 1809. The Star (Raleigh, NC). May 4, 1809. National Intelligencer and Washington Advertiser (Washington, DC). May 5, 1809. The True American and Commercial Advertiser (Philadelphia, PA). May 10, 1809. Norwich Courier (Norwich, CT). May 17, 1809. White, Robert Hiram. Messages of the Governors of Tennessee, 1796-1821. Vol. 1. Nashville: The Tennessee Historical Commission, 1952. Rhode Island(Class 1) Francis Malbone Federalist 1808 Incumbent died June 4, 1809.New senator elected June 26, 1809.Federalist hold. Federalist Party Christopher G. Champlin (Federalist) Unanimous Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 19, 2018 Rhode Island 1809 U.S. Senate, Special https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ri.ussenator.1809 December 9, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20191209072427/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ri.ussenator.1809 dead , citing Newport Mercury (Newport, RI). July 1, 1809. Ohio(Class 3) Stanley Griswold Democratic-Republican 1809 (appointed) Incumbent appointee retired.New senator elected December 12, 1809.Democratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican Party Alexander Campbell (Democratic-Republican) UnknownRichard S. Thompson (Unknown) 29 Democratic-Republican PartyJames Pritchard (Democratic-Republican) Democratic-Republican PartyThomas Worthington (Democratic-Republican) 1 UnknownDavid Findlay (Unknown) 1Taylor William A. 1900 Ohio in Congress from 1803 to 1901 https://archive.org/details/ohioincongressfr00tayl Columbus, Ohio Century Publishing Co. Internet Archive 97–98 Georgia(Class 3) John Milledge Democratic-Republican 1806 (special)1806 Incumbent resigned November 14, 1809.New senator elected November 27, 1809 on the third ballot.Democratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican Party Charles Tait (Democratic-Republican) 40 UnknownElijah Clarke (Unknown) 32 UnknownThomas Flournoy (Unknown) 31 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 18, 2018 Georgia 1809 U.S. Senate, Special https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ga.ussenate.special.3.1809 June 2026 InternetArchiveBot , citing The Republican and Savannah Evening Ledger (Savannah, GA). December 5, 1809. New Jersey(Class 2) John Condit Democratic-Republican 1803 (appointed)1803 (special)1809 (lost)1809 (appointed) Interim appointee elected November 2, 1809. Democratic-Republican Party John Condit (Democratic-Republican) Unanimous Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 18, 2018 New Jersey 1809 U.S. Senate, Special https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nj.ussenate.1809 February 28, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200228090022/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nj.ussenate.1809 dead , citing New Jersey Privy Council Records, 1809. 176. Early race leading to the Congress-after-next In this regular election, the winner was seated on March 4, 1811; ordered by state. This election involved a Class 2 seat. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoralhistory Tennessee Jenkin Whiteside Democratic-Republican 1809 (special) Incumbent re-elected early October 28, 1809. Democratic-Republican Party Jenkin Whiteside (Democratic-Republican) 39 Unopposed Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 January 29, 2018 Tennessee 1809 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:tn.ussenate.Oct.1809 December 14, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20191214070319/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:tn.ussenate.Oct.1809 dead , citing Journal of the Tennessee House of Representatives, 1809. 115. Connecticut List of United States senators from Connecticut October 2019 Delaware List of United States senators from Delaware October 2019 Georgia (special) List of United States senators from Georgia October 2019 Maryland List of United States senators from Maryland November 2022 1808 United States Senate special election in Maryland 53 AACC99 60.92% Democratic-Republican Party Samuel Smith Samuel Smith (NPG).jpg 29 F6D6C9 33.33% Federalist Party John Eager Howard John Eager Howard.jpg 1816 1816 United States Senate special elections in Maryland 1802 1802 United States Senate election in Maryland 80 members of the Maryland General Assembly Legislative November 1808 presidential Samuel Smith was appointed to the seat as opposed to a re-election, due to the State House and State Senate unable to come to an agreement on how to elect a Senator. Samuel Smith then won re-election over John Eager Howard by a margin of 27.59%, or 24 votes, for the Class 1 seat.https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=122671 Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Nov 14, 1809 2022-11-05 www.ourcampaigns.com Massachusetts List of United States senators from Massachusetts Massachusetts (regular) 1808 United States Senate election in Massachusetts June 1808 Senate election Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 3, 2018 Massachusetts 1808 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ma.ussenate.a.1808 December 25, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20191225163402/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ma.ussenate.a.1808 dead , citing The Pittsfield Sun (Pittsfield, MA). June 11, 1808. Federalist Party (US) James Lloyd Jr. 248 53.68% Federalist Party (US) John Quincy Adams 213 46.10% Federalist Party (US) Laban Wheaton 1 0.22% 462 100.00% Massachusetts (special) October 2019 New Jersey List of United States senators from New Jersey New Jersey (regular) October 2019 New Jersey (special) October 2019 New York 1809 United States Senate election in New York List of United States senators from New York October 2019 Ohio List of United States senators from Ohio October 2019 Ohio (specials) List of United States senators from Ohio October 2019 Pennsylvania List of United States senators from Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (regular) 1808 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania October 2019 Pennsylvania (special) October 2019 Rhode Island List of United States senators from Rhode Island Rhode Island (regular) October 2019 Rhode Island (special) October 2019 Tennessee List of United States senators from Tennessee Class 1 Joseph Anderson, a Democratic-Republican, held a prominent position in Class 1 of the United States Senate, serving intermittently in both the mentioned Senate seat and the other throughout a substantial period, commencing in 1797. His presence in the Senate reflected his notable political influence and the confidence reposed in him by the electorate. Anderson's periodic service underscored the dynamic nature of early American politics, where individuals frequently transitioned between public service and other pursuits. His extended tenure afforded him the opportunity to contribute to various legislative discussions and debates, leaving a lasting impact on the political landscape during a pivotal era in the nation's history. Tennessee (regular, class 1) thumb|125px|Senator Joseph Anderson The Tennessee state legislature encountered a challenge in electing a new senator, resulting in a temporary vacancy in the representation. The seat faced the prospect of becoming officially vacant at the commencement of the term on March 4, 1809. However, in response to the legislative deadlock, the Governor of Tennessee, Willie Blount, took a proactive step and appointed Joseph Anderson to initiate the term on an interim basis. This appointment served as a temporary measure, bridging the gap until a special election could be conducted to fill the senatorial position in accordance with the democratic process. Tennessee (special, class 1) Joseph Anderson secured election on April 11, 1809, thereby formalizing his position to complete the senatorial term. This electoral outcome marked the resolution of the previous legislative challenges, as Anderson garnered the necessary support to officially fill the Senate seat. October 2019 Class 2 Democratic-Republican Daniel Smith entered the political arena with his initial election in 1803, marking the commencement of his service in public office. His affiliation with the Democratic-Republican party underlines the prevailing political dynamics of the time, as the United States navigated through the early years of the 19th century. Tennessee (special, class 2) Smith resigned March 31, 1809. Democratic-Republican Jenkin Whiteside was elected April 11, 1809 to finish Smith's term, which would end 1809. October 2019 Tennessee (regular, class 2) Whiteside was re-elected early October 28, 1809, unopposed. Vermont List of United States senators from Vermont October 2019 Virginia List of United States senators from Virginia October 2019 See also 1808 United States elections 1808 United States presidential election 1808–09 United States House of Representatives elections 10th United States Congress 11th United States Congress Notes External links Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov