1975 Salvadoran student massacre

1975 massacre in El Salvador 1975 Salvadoran student massacre Monumento30Julio.jpg A monument at the University of El Salvador honoring the massacre's victims San Salvador, El Salvador University and high school students July 30, 1975 Massacre 50–100 25 Salvadoran ArmyNational GuardTreasury Police The 1975 Salvadoran student massacrehttps://fightbacknews.org/articles/more-2000-march-july-30-el-salvador-commemorate-1975-student-massacre More than 2000 march July 30 in El Salvador to commemorate 1975 student massacre Santos Daniel August 2, 2011 fightbacknews.org Fight Back! November 16, 2023 occurred during the waning years of El Salvador's military dictatorships and was an important event in the buildup to the country's civil war. This massacre of an unknown number of student demonstrators was led by then-President Colonel Arturo Armando Molina and General Carlos Humberto Romero and took place in San Salvador, the country's capital, during the events of the Miss Universe beauty pageant. 1970s political context in El Salvador thumb|A bust of Crisanto Salazar, the first chancellor of UES, with bullet holes from the massacre still present In the 1970s, students at the University of El Salvador (UES) overwhelmingly aligned themselves with the revolutionary left as a response to the escalating repression and despotism of the military governments in power.Chávez Joaquín Mauricio Poets and prophets of the Resistance: intellectuals and the origins of El Salvador's civil war 2017 Oxford University Press 978-0-19-931551-2 Oxford, UK New York, NY 133–134; 149–154 On July 19, 1972, the government of Colonel Arturo Armando Molina staged a military occupation of the main campus to suppress the student opposition, lasting until mid-1973.Armstrong Robert El Salvador: the face of revolution Shenk Janet 1982 South End Pr 978-0-89608-138-3 2. Boston When the UES reopened, Molina began a smear campaign against the university, labelling it a center of Marxist indoctrination. Events of July 30, 1975 On July 19, 1975, while television audiences from around the world watched the finale of the Miss Universe pageant in El Salvador,November 15, 2023 https://www.laprensagrafica.com/elsalvador/UES-conmemora-esta-semana-la-masacre-de-estudiantes-del-30-de-julio-de-1975-20230724-0031.html UES conmemora esta semana la masacre de estudiantes del 30 de julio de 1975 La Prensa Gráfica July 24, 2023 Martínez Veronica Spanish UES Remembers the Student Massacre of July 30, 1975 This Week students in Santa Ana and San Salvador protested the government expenditure of 1 million colones ($114,393.10 USD in 2023) on the beauty contest during a context of great social inequality. Heavily armed troops were dispatched to stop the demonstrations,2021-07-31 30 de julio de 1975, una fecha trágica para la comunidad estudiantil y la sociedad salvadoreña https://eluniversitario.ues.edu.sv/30-de-julio-de-1975-una-fecha-tragica-para-la-comunidad-estudiantil-y-la-sociedad-salvadorena/ 2023-11-15 El Universitario esJuly 31, 1975 Rector contra intervención de policía en la Universidad Spanish Chancellor Against Police Intervention at the University 3 El Diario de Hoy alleging that the protests were part of a wider Communist plot. As a result of these clashes with demonstrators, Colonel Molina's military government reported one death, five injuries and 11 arrests. However, according to students, at least 12 demonstrators were killed, along with 20 injuries and 40 arrests.August 5, 1975 Unrest Growing in El Salvador: Demonstrations Put Down After Protest Against Beauty Contest The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/1975/08/10/archives/unrest-growing-in-el-salvador-demonstrations-put-down-after-protest.html November 10, 2023 In the following days, the West Campus of the University of El Salvador was raided by the National Guard and the now-defunct Treasury Police and National Police.Zúñiga Núñez Mario February 22, 2023 "Estudiantes como sombras del futuro": las voces de las víctimas de la masacre del 30 de julio de 1975 en las memorias públicas de la Universidad de El Salvador https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/filosofia/article/view/55102/55842 Revista Filosofía Universidad de Costa Rica LXII 163 These raids included other human rights abuses committed by these same armed forces in the city of Santa Ana, the location of the West UES Campus. To protest the repression, on July 30, 1975, around 2 p.m., a demonstration made up of UES and high school student activists left from the entrance of the School of Science and Humanities at the university's main campus in San Salvador. Around 4:30 p.m., marchers were attacked by armed forces as the protest reached the overpass in front of the General Hospital of the Salvadoran Social Security Institute (ISSS), located on N 25th Ave in the country's capital. Officers threw tear gas canisters and opened fire on demonstrators, killing several on impact. Protesters were then trapped on the overpass by tanks positioned on either side. These began running over the wounded, and forced others to jump over the sides of the overpass into the traffic below and climb over the walls of the ISS to escape the violence. The total number of losses is still undetermined,Marching Back to the Past: Militarism in El Salvador https://origins.osu.edu/read/marching-back-past-militarism-el-salvador?language_content_entity=en 2023-11-15 Origins 9 February 2023 enLa masacre del 30 de julio contada por una sobreviviente https://elfaro.net/es/201707/ef_tv/20700/La-masacre-del-30-de-julio-contada-por-una-sobreviviente.htm?fbclid=IwAR0N8G0ZgfKx4oVOwjbTIqKFWgNJRy4XTpmpJVjZVKUUSjGx 2023-11-15 La masacre del 30 de julio contada por una sobreviviente en as security forces quickly blocked off the area after the massacre and removed the bodies, washing the blood off the streets with soap and water, according to witnesses. Aftermath La Prensa Gráfica, one of the country's main dailies, reported seven deaths among the university students.Dutriz Hermanos, S.A. de C.V., Documento de La Prensa Gráfica: El Conflicto en El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador, 1992, page 9. However, more conservative local newspapers reported only ten injured state forces. Contemporary figures place the total number of casualties between 50 and 100. Those accused of ordering the student massacre were then-Salvadoran Minister of Defense and Public Safety, General Carlos Humberto Romero, who would become President of El Salvador two years later, and Colonel Arturo Armando Molina, who was president at the time. Neither faced charges in connection with the July 30 incident. In 2020, a group of survivors asked the Attorney General of El Salvador to investigate a dossier of 60 human rights violations committed during the events of July 30. The July 30 Massacre radicalized El Salvador's urban leftist activists,July 30, 1975: Massacre in El Salvador https://www.zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/massacre-el-salvador/ 2023-11-15 Zinn Education Project en-US prompting the creation of the militant, student-led People's Revolutionary Bloc, and of armed groups such as the Farabundo Martí Popular Liberation Forces. These would go on to become key players in the country's civil war, which fully erupted in 1980, slightly less than five years after the student massacre. See also History of El Salvador Salvadoran Civil War List of massacres in El Salvador References External links Régimen de Arturo Armando Molina volcó aparato estatal para frenar desarrollo de la UES Notas para un testimonio, Monografías https://archive.today/20130411013753/http://www.google.com/hostednews/epa/article/ALeqM5iJITflGR6waLM1m-2ughxprmB0-Q?docId=1579249 Conmemoración del 30 de julio, Agencias EFE el July 30, 1975: Massacre in El Salvador Category:1970s murders in El Salvador Category:1975 in education Category:1975 in El Salvador Category:1975 protests Category:20th century in San Salvador Category:20th-century mass murders in North America Category:Anti-communist mass killings Category:Attacks on bridges Category:Attacks on buildings and structures in 1975 Category:Attacks on schools in the 1970s Category:Crime in San Salvador Category:July 1975 in North America Category:Massacres in 1975 Category:Massacres in El Salvador Category:Massacres of protesters in North America Category:Political history of El Salvador Category:Protests in El Salvador Category:State-sponsored terrorism Category:Student massacres Category:Student protests in North America Category:Terrorism in El Salvador Category:Terrorist incidents in North America in 1975 Category:University and college killings in North America Category:University and college shootings in North America Category:University of El Salvador