2012 Egyptian presidential election

none January 2026 Egypt presidential 2005 Egyptian presidential election 2005 2014 Egyptian presidential election 2014 23–24 May 2012 (first round)16–17 June 2012 (second round) 46.42% (first round) 51.85% (second round) Mohamed Morsi Mohamed Morsi-05-2013 (cropped) 1.jpg Freedom and Justice Party (Egypt) 13,230,131 51.73% Ahmed Shafik Ahmed Shafik 2012 (cropped) (cropped).png Independent politician 12,347,380 48.27% Head of state Mohamed Hussein Tantawi Chairman of the Military Council Independent politician Mohamed Morsi Freedom and Justice Party (Egypt) 350px Second round results by governorate 350px Second round results by district Morsi: #a7cf40 50–60% #8baf2c 60–70% #718e24 70–80% #5c741d 80–90%Shafik: #bdbdbd 50–60% #969696 60–70% #737373 70–80% #4E4E4E 80-90% Presidential elections were held in Egypt in 2012, with the first round on 23 and 24 May 2012 and the second on 16 and 17 June. To date, these are the only democratic presidential elections in Egyptian history. The Muslim Brotherhood declared early 18 June 2012 that its candidate Mohamed Morsi had won, the first victory of an Islamist as head of state in the Arab world.El Deeb Sarah Keath Lee 17 June 2012 Islamist claims victory in Egypt president vote http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/M/ML_EGYPT?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT&CTIME=2012-06-17-23-11-03 18 June 2012 Associated Press 20 June 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120620080939/http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/M/ML_EGYPT?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT&CTIME=2012-06-17-23-11-03 dead It was the second presidential election in Egypt's history with more than one candidate, following the 2005 election, and the first presidential election after the 2011 Egyptian revolution which ousted president Hosni Mubarak, during the Arab Spring. However, Morsi's presidency was brief and short-lived. He later faced massive protests for and against his rule, only to be ousted in a military coup in July the following year.Celebration in Egypt as Morsi declared winner https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2012/6/24/celebration-in-egypt-as-morsi-declared-winner 21 June 2025 Al Jazeera English en In the first round, with a voter turnout of 46%, vote-splitting between the major moderate or pro-democracy candidates created a center squeeze, leading to the elimination of Hamdeen Sabahi and Amr Moussa (the likely majority-preferred candidates) in the first round. The elections set the stage for the divisions that were to follow, along sharia and secular lines, and those opposed to and those supporting the former political elite. Islamist candidates Morsi and Fotouh won roughly 42% of the vote, while the remaining three secular candidates won 56% of the vote. Candidates Shafik and Moussa held positions under the Mubarak regime and won 35% of the vote, while Sabahi was a prominent dissident during the Sadat and Mubarak regimes.http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/36/122/42896/Presidential-elections-/Presidential-elections-news/MursiShafiq-presidential-showdown-puts-Egypt-revol.aspx Runoffs between Brotherhood's Morsi and Mubarak regime's Shafiq have Egypt in a bind Ahram Online Sherif Tarek 25 May 2012 19 January 2026 https://web.archive.org/web/20120528082629/http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/36/122/42896/Presidential-elections-/Presidential-elections-news/MursiShafiq-presidential-showdown-puts-Egypt-revol.aspx 28 May 2012 Following the second round, with a voter turnout of 52%, on 24 June 2012, Egypt's election commission announced that Muslim Brotherhood candidate Mohamed Morsi had won Egypt's presidential elections. Morsi won by a narrow margin over Ahmed Shafik, the final prime minister under deposed President Hosni Mubarak. The commission said Morsi took 51.7% of the vote versus 48.3% for Shafik.Muslim Brotherhood candidate Morsi wins Egyptian presidential election http://www.foxnews.com/world/2012/06/24/egypt-braces-for-announcement-president/ https://web.archive.org/web/20120624193616/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2012/06/24/egypt-braces-for-announcement-president/ dead 24 June 2012 Fox News.com 24 June 2012 Morsi was sworn in on 30 June 2012. To date, this is the only presidential election in Egyptian history which is broadly considered to have been democratically free and fair.Egyptian Elections Web Archive https://www.loc.gov/collections/egyptian-elections-web-archive/about-this-collection/ Library of Congress 30 December 2023 Morsi's victory also marked the first time civilians ruled Egypt since the 1952 coup. Rules The rules for the election were released on 30 January 2012. The election would be held under the two-round system. Candidates had to be born in Egypt to Egyptian parents, may not have held dual nationality and may not have been married to a foreigner. To be nominated, they required the support of 30 Members of Parliament or 30,000 voters.https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-16785829 BBC News Egypt sets presidential election rules 30 January 2012 According to the electoral committee, the formal registration process for candidates started on 10 Marchhttp://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/33870/Egypt/Politics-/Official-Presidential-candidacy-registration-proce.aspx Official: Presidential candidacy registration process to begin 10 March Ahram Online 6 February 2012 11 May 2012 and ended on 8 April 2012 at 2 pm.https://www.elections.eg/images/docs/Schedule.pdf Archived copy 8 April 2012 dead http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20120425030248/https://www.elections.eg/images/docs/Schedule.pdf 25 April 2012 Qualified candidates section May 2012 250px|thumb|right|Ballot Paper, First round 23 candidates officially registered to contest the elections.المتقدمون للترشح لرئاسة جمهورية مصر العربية 2012 https://www.elections.eg/index.php/candidacy/applicants dead https://web.archive.org/web/20120505151311/https://www.elections.eg/index.php/candidacy/applicants 5 May 2012 Election Committee The Supreme Presidential Electoral Commission (SPEC) was expected to release the list of candidates who fulfil the legal requirements and are eligible for the presidency on 26 April.http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/36/122/39086/Presidential-elections-/Presidential-elections-news/Court-presses-ministry-to-verify-nationality-of-Ab.aspx Court presses ministry to issue certificate showing Abu-Ismail's mother only held Egyptian nationality Ahram Online 12 April 2012 11 May 2012 On 14 April 2012, the Supreme Presidential Electoral Commission (SPEC) announced the disqualification of ten candidates: Omar Suleiman, Khairat El-Shater, Hazem Salah Abu Ismail, Ayman Nour, Ahmad Awad Al-Saidi, Mortada Mansour, Ibrahim El-Gharib, Mamdouh Qutb, Houssam Khayrat, and Ashraf Barouma.Tarek Sherif Eliminated presidential contenders to appeal disqualification decision http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/36/122/39326/Presidential-elections-/Presidential-elections-news/Eliminated-presidential-contenders-to-appeal-disqu.aspx ahramonline 15 April 2012 Reasons for the disqualifications were not given, but the affected candidates were given 48 hours to appeal the decisions. Abu Ismail, El-Shater, and Suleiman's campaigns stated they would file appeals.Egypt bars 10 candidates from election http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2012/04/2012414185229419379.html Al-Jazeera All appeals were rejected.https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-17748256 Egypt presidential poll bans on candidates upheld BBC News 17 April 2012 11 May 2012 On 23 April, the SCAF ratified the Corruption of Political Life Law (aka the Disenfranchisement Law),Egypt's SCAF approves bill to bar ex-regime figures politically http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2012-04/24/c_131548586.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20120522055543/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2012-04/24/c_131548586.htm dead 22 May 2012 xinhua 24 April 2012 which was passed by the People's Assembly on 12 April.مجلس الشعب يوافق علي منع ترشح رموز نظام مبارك للانتخابات الرئاسية والحكومة تؤكد عدم دستورية القانون http://www.ahram.org.eg/867/2012/04/12/61/143107/219.aspx Al Ahram 13 April 2012 25 April 2012 https://archive.today/20120716233023/http://www.ahram.org.eg/867/2012/04/12/61/143107/219.aspx 16 July 2012 dead The new law stipulated that any individual who served as President of the Republic, vice president, prime minister, or a high-ranking NDP official during the ten years prior to 11 February 2011 (day of Hosni Mubarak's resignation) would not be eligible to run or hold public office for ten years, effective 11 February 2011.العسكرى" يطلق"عزل الفلول".. وشفيق ينتظر "الكارت الأحمر http://www.almasry-alyoum.com/article2.aspx?ArticleID=336218 almasry-alyoum 25 April 2012 25 April 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120426234530/http://www.almasry-alyoum.com/article2.aspx?ArticleID=336218 26 April 2012 dead The law disqualified presidential hopefuls Ahmed Shafik (prime minister) and Omar Suleiman (vice-president), but did not exclude Amr Mussa.Egypt poll organisers bar last Mubarak-era PM https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jmUOTzWTUISAugjSQ-FOMx8F4nCw?docId=CNG.a667c2f5c2ae88920e6404e109ae6992.751 https://archive.today/20130124223754/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jmUOTzWTUISAugjSQ-FOMx8F4nCw?docId=CNG.a667c2f5c2ae88920e6404e109ae6992.751 dead 24 January 2013 AFP 24 April 2012 On 25 April the Supreme Presidential Electoral Commission (SPEC) accepted the appeal filed by Ahmed Shafik against its previous decision to exclude him from running for president.Mubarak-era PM Shafik back in presidential race http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/36/122/40189/Presidential-elections-/Presidential-elections-news/BREAKING-Mubarakera-PM-Shafiq-back-in-presidential.aspx Ahram Online 25 April 2012 Therefore, a total of 13 candidates were left standing in SPEC's final list.Essam El-Din Gamal Egypt's presidential countdown begins http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/36/122/40237/Presidential-elections-/Presidential-elections-news/Egypts-presidential-countdown-begins.aspx Ahram Online 26 April 2012 The appeal also requested the new Parliamentary law be brought before the Supreme Constitutional Court to determine its constitutionality.Shafiq appeals exclusion decision before Presidential Elections Commission http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/shafiq-appeals-exclusion-decision-presidential-elections-commission Egypt Independent 25 April 2012 26 April 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120430082342/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/shafiq-appeals-exclusion-decision-presidential-elections-commission 30 April 2012 dead On 16 May 2012, Mohammad Fawzi Issa announced his withdrawal from the race in support of Amr Moussa. His name however was not removed from the ballot paper as the official date of withdrawal had already passed.https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/world/1.1710900 5 ימים לבחירות, קרב צמוד על נשיאות מצרים אבי יששכרוףhttp://allafrica.com/stories/201205170115.html Egypt: Eissa Withdraws From Presidential Race in Favor of Moussa allAfrica.com 16 May 2012 26 December 2012 Main registered presidential candidates Photo Candidate Details Party affiliation Electoral Symbol 120px Ahmed Shafik Air Marshal, former Minister of Civil Aviation and last Prime Minister of Egypt under Hosni Mubarak. IndependentLadder 120px Khaled Ali Lawyer and labor activist. Former head of the Egyptian Center for Economic and Social Rights (ECESR), founding member of Hisham Mubarak Law Center (HMLC) IndependentTree 120px Mohammad Salim Al-Awa Ex-Secretary General of the International Union of Muslim Scholars and head of the Egyptian Association for Culture and Dialogue IndependentUmbrella 120px Hisham Bastawisy Egyptian judge and the vice president of the Egyptian Court of Cassation. Tagammu nominee TagammuWatch Abu Al-Izz Al-Hariri The Revolution Continues Alliance MP, and Socialist Popular Alliance Party nominee Socialist Popular Alliance PartyPyramid 120px Mohamed Morsi Candidate of the Freedom and Justice Party. Replacement candidate after the elimination of Khairat El-Shater. Former Member of Parliament (2000–2005). Freedom and Justice PartyBalance 120px Amr Moussa The ex-Secretary-General of the League of Arab States and former Foreign Minister. IndependentSun120px Hamdeen Sabahi Founder of the Nasserist Dignity Party. Dignity Party Eagle 120px Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh Secretary general of the Arab Medical Union Independent (received the endorsement of Salafi Al-Nour Party,Nour Party endorses Abouel Fotouh for president http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/nour-party-endorses-abouel-fotouh-president Al-Masry Al-Youm 28 April 2012 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20120429061217/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/nour-party-endorses-abouel-fotouh-president 29 April 2012 moderate Islamic Al-Wasat PartyEgypt's Wasat Party endorses Abul-Fotouh presidential bid http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/36/122/40475/Presidential-elections-/Presidential-elections-news/Egypts-Wasat-Party-endorses-AbulFotouh-presidentia.aspx Ahram Online 30 April 2012 and Egyptian Current Party.)Horse Mohamed Morsi Mohamed Morsi was the chairman of the Freedom and Justice Party (FJP), a political party that was founded by the Muslim Brotherhood after the 2011 Egyptian revolution, since 30 April 2011.[http://www.ikhwanonline.com/new/Article.aspx?ArtID=83459&SecID=211 ar "شورى الإخوان" يسمي د. مرسي رئيسًا لـ"الحرية والعدالة"]. ar إخوان اون لاين، 2011-4-30. وصل لهذا المسار في 1 مايو 2011. He was a Member of Parliament from 2000 to 2005. Morsi received a bachelor's and master's degree in engineering from Cairo University in 1975 and 1978. He received his PhD in engineering from the University of Southern California in 1982. He was an assistant professor at California State University, Northridge from 1982 to 1985. In 1985 he went back to Egypt to teach at Zagazig University.Interview with Mohamed Morsi http://www.aljazeera.net/home/print/0353e88a-286d-4266-82c6-6094179ea26d/ec1af614-ab8b-4f33-9e16-b7969e03e175 Al-Jazeera 29 January 2012 Kairat El-Shater had been put forward as candidate, but he was excluded from the race. As a replacement, the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt fielded Mohamed Morsi, chairman of the Freedom and Justice Party, he faced Ahmed Shafik in a run-off vote on 16–17 June 2012. On 24 June 2012, Egypt's election commission announced that Muslim Brotherhood candidate Mohamed Morsi has won Egypt's presidential runoff. Morsi won by a narrow margin over Ahmed Shafik, the last prime minister under deposed leader Hosni Mubarak. The commission said Morsi took 51.7 percent of the vote versus 48.3 for Shafik. Ahmed Shafik Ahmed Shafik officially launched his presidential campaign on 2 November 2011. He was the last Prime Minister appointed by Hosni Mubarak after the beginning of the 2011 revolution in January. He resigned only three weeks after the deposition of the long-term president.Ramzy Mahmoud Mubarak's PM launches presidential campaign Egypt Independent 3 November 2011 http://www.egyptindependent.com/node/511524 18 February 2012 1 August 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190801204148/https://www.egyptindependent.com/node/511524 dead Shafik claims to be on good terms with the ruling Supreme Council of the Armed Forces.Presidential candidate stresses his good relations with SCAF Egypt Independent 22 December 2011 http://www.egyptindependent.com/node/564081 https://archive.today/20130122174103/http://www.egyptindependent.com/node/564081 dead 22 January 2013 18 February 2012 Shafik was first disqualified in the wake of the ratification of the Corruption of Political Life Law (aka the Disenfranchisement Law), which banned Mubarak-era PMs from nomination.EL DEEB SARAH Egypt disqualifies 11th presidential candidate https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5gYgGaB8Wa1AfmXkXKlB9TXDnjuCw?docId=ebdb7b7438bf49e5a581b1171449518c https://web.archive.org/web/20120429165109/http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5gYgGaB8Wa1AfmXkXKlB9TXDnjuCw?docId=ebdb7b7438bf49e5a581b1171449518c dead 29 April 2012 AFP 24 April 2012 He immediately appealed the decision and on 25 April the Supreme Presidential Electoral Commission (SPEC) accepted his appeal, which puts him back in the race. Shafik collected 48.3 percent of the vote in the presidential runoff. Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh, a doctor by practice and a former Muslim Brotherhood figure popular with Egyptian youths, declared his candidacy in May 2011. He was expelled from the Brotherhood for this decision on 20 June of that year, as it contradicted an earlier decision that the Brotherhood would not put forward a candidate in 2011.El-Hennawy Noha Expelled Brotherhood leader clarifies his political position http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/470154 Al-Masry Al-Youm 21 June 2011 The Muslim Brotherhood contradicted their initial position on 31 March 2012 when they put forward Khairat El-Shater as the Brotherhood's candidate and Mohamed Morsi as his replacement. Aboul Fotouh is well known for his staunch opposition to both the Sadat and Mubarak regimes, as well as his openness towards people of different political views. He was detained once during Sadat's rule and twice during Mubarak's rule. He promised to appoint a vice-president who is a youth revolutionary and to fill over half of the country's important posts with people under the age of 45.Knell Yolande Egypt candidate: Moderate Islamist, Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-17356253 BBC News 24 April 2012 13 April 2012 Despite coming from the moderate-to-liberal wing of the Islamist movement, Aboul Fotouh won the endorsement of the Salafi Al-Nour Party on 28 April 2012.http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/nour-party-endorses-abouel-fotouh-president Nour Party endorses Abouel Fotouh for President Al-Masry Al-Youm 27 April 2012 Al-masry Al-youm 29 April 2012 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20120429061217/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/nour-party-endorses-abouel-fotouh-president 29 April 2012 Khaled Ali Khaled Ali announced his campaign on 27 February 2012 and applied for election on 8 April 2012 as an independent, with the support of 32 elected officials in both chambers of parliament. At 40 years old, he was the youngest candidate to enter the race. Ali is a prominent Egyptian lawyer and activist, known for his work advocating reform of corruption in the government and private sector and his promotion of social justice and labor rights. Al-Ahram Weekly called him a "legendary anti-corruption crusader".http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2011/1071/ec1.htm Al-Ahram Weekly | Economy | 'Topple their debts' Weekly.ahram.org.eg 9 November 2011 3 March 2012 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20120106215702/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2011/1071/ec1.htm 6 January 2012 In 2011 he won the "Egyptian Corruption Fighter" award.http://www.bikyamasr.com/59529/labor-lawyer-activist-becomes-egypts-youngest-candidate/ Labor lawyer, activist becomes Egypt's youngest candidate Bikya Masr 3 March 2012 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20120502083840/http://bikyamasr.com/59529/labor-lawyer-activist-becomes-egypts-youngest-candidate/ 2 May 2012 Many of Ali's supporters saw him as filling the void left by Mohamed ElBaradei's withdrawal.http://english.al-akhbar.com/content/meet-khaled-ali-president-against-odds Meet Khaled Ali: President Against Odds Al Akhbar English 3 March 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120303114542/http://english.al-akhbar.com/content/meet-khaled-ali-president-against-odds 3 March 2012 dead Ali was not well known to the majority of Egyptians, and even those familiar with him tended to be surprised by his decision to run. Ali's lack of experience as a politician was a concern, and many, even in the revolutionary movement, remained skeptical about his candidacy. Critics argued that he was unlikely to win, and expressed concern that he could split the vote in a way that would sway the election towards representatives of the prior regime.http://www.thedailynewsegypt.com/egypt/youngest-presidential-hopeful-promises-to-achieve-social-justice.html Youngest presidential hopeful promises to achieve social justice Thedailynewsegypt.com 3 March 2012 1 March 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120301052911/http://www.thedailynewsegypt.com/egypt/youngest-presidential-hopeful-promises-to-achieve-social-justice.html dead Socialist Popular Alliance Party and Egyptian Socialists members told Egypt Independent that they are seriously considering backing Ali's candidacy. "Up until now, the situation is unclear. Khaled may be our choice. Some are proposing a potential partnership between Khaled Ali and Abouel Fotouh [where Ali can run as his deputy]," said Marwa Farouk, a member of the Popular Alliance.http://news.egypt.com/english/permalink/86489.html Egypt.com News – Egypt News – Lefts presidential candidate yet to emerge News.egypt.com 21 February 2012 3 March 2012 29 January 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160129160822/http://news.egypt.com/english/permalink/86489.html dead Mohammed Salim Al-Awa Mohammad Salim Al-Awa, an Islamic thinker, declared his candidacy on 14 June 2011.Islamic thinker decides to run for president http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/468110 Al-Masry Al-Youm 14 June 2011 The fact that Al-Awa and Aboul Fotouh belong to the same school of thought have led to press speculation about vote-splitting and the possibility of their uniting behind a single candidate. Aboul Fotouh recognized this possibility. Hisham Bastawisy Hisham Bastawisy is an Egyptian judge and the vice president of the Egyptian Court of Cassation. He was one of the leaders of the Egyptian opposition before and during the 2011 Egyptian revolution. He is running for the Egyptian presidential elections as a representative of the National Progressive Unionist Party (Tagammu). Abu Al-Izz Al-Hariri Abu Al-Izz Al-Hariri is an Alexandria MP representing the Socialist Popular Alliance Party and The Revolution Continues Alliance. He filed his application on 13 March 2012. Amr Moussa When asked about the rumors that he might run for the 2012 presidential elections, Amr Moussa refused to rule out the possibility of running for the office, leaving the door open to expectations. He argued that, "It's the right of every citizen that has the capacity and efficiency to aspire to any political office that would allow him to contribute to the service of his nation".http://arabic.cnn.com/2009/middle_east/10/20/Amro.Mousa/ Amr Moussa opens the way for speculation about his candidacy for the presidency of Egypt CNN 31 January 2011 ar He further stated to the press that the qualities required of the president also apply to Gamal Mubarak, arguing that the citizenship, rights and obligations which apply to himself can also be applied to Gamal.http://ara.reuters.com/article/topNews/idARACAE59I1E020091020 https://web.archive.org/web/20091021092352/http://ara.reuters.com/article/topNews/idARACAE59I1E020091020 dead 21 October 2009 Amr Moussa did not rule out running for the presidency of Egypt Reuters 20 October 2009 31 January 2011 ar He also expressed appreciation for "the confidence expressed by many people when they talk about his candidacy for the Egyptian presidency, and expressed that the message reached him.".http://www.shorouknews.com/ContentData.aspx?id=143426 Amr Mousa to (Al-Shorouk): Every qualified citizen has the right to aspire to serve the country and become the president Shorouknews.com 31 January 2011 On 27 February 2011 he announced he would be running for president saying "God willing, I will be one of them."http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2011/02/2011227211420148237.html Amr Moussa to contest Egyptian poll Al Jazeera English 27 February 2011 12 March 2011 Hamdeen Sabahi Hamdeen Sabahi, the leader of the Nasserist Dignity Party officially filed his application on 6 April 2012.http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/38630/Egypt/Hamdeen-Sabbahi,-hundreds-of-supporters-officially.aspx Hamdeen Sabbahi, hundreds of supporters officially file for presidential candidacy Ahram Online 6 April 2012 He would later run for the presidency again two years later in the 2014 presidential election against Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, although the latter won a landslide victory, in an election described as a sham by 14 human rights groups who dismissed the results as "farcical".https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/02/13/egypt-planned-presidential-vote-neither-free-nor-fair Egypt: Planned Presidential Vote Neither Free Nor Fair Human Rights Watch 13 February 2018 8 January 2018 Human Rights Watch They said the authorities had "trampled over even the minimum requirements for free and fair elections", stifling basic freedoms and eliminating key challengers.https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-43581039 Egypt election: Sisi set to win second term as president 29 March 2018 BBC 30 March 201826 April 2012 Egyptian presidential elections: The candidates https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-17859639 21 June 2025 BBC News en-GB Minor candidates The remaining candidates are: Abdullah Alashaal, previous foreign minister assistant, retired ambassador. Authenticity Party nominee. Mahmoud Houssam, as an independent with the support of 30,000 voters. President of the Beginning Party. Houssam Khairallah, Democratic Peace Party nominee. Mohammad Fawzi Issa, Democratic Generation Party nominee – withdrew on 16 May 2012 in favor of Amr Moussa. However, his name remained on the ballot paper as the official date of withdrawal had already passed. Disqualified candidates Main disqualified candidates Photo Candidate Details Party affiliation 120px Hazem Salah Abu Ismail A Salafisthttp://www.egyptindependent.com/node/620651 Salafi presidential hopeful wants Shura Council abolished Egypt Independent 26 January 2012 18 February 2012 7 April 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120407175802/http://www.egyptindependent.com/node/620651 dead and ultra-conservative figure.Joseph Mayton Egypt's presidential hopeful Abu Ismail says Islam gives no freedom Bikya Masr 11 February 2012 http://bikyamasr.com/56672/egypts-presidential-hopeful-abu-ismail-says-islam-gives-no-freedom/ 18 February 2012 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20120215212810/http://bikyamasr.com/56672/egypts-presidential-hopeful-abu-ismail-says-islam-gives-no-freedom/ 15 February 2012 Independent 120px Ayman Nour Founder of the liberal El-Ghad Party and leader of the Ghad El-Thawra Party. Ghad El-Thawra Party 120px Khairat El-Shater Businessman and deputy supreme guide of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt Freedom and Justice Party 120px Omar Suleiman General and Director of the intelligence service (Mukhabarat), and briefly Vice President under Hosni Mubarak Independent Hazem Salah Abu Ismail Hazem Salah Abu Ismail is an independent, ultra-conservative Salafi Islamist lawyer and politician.Egypt's presidential race: Battle of the beards The Economist 7 April 2012 He rejects the idea of reconciling the religious law of Islam with personal freedom. He announced to make wearing the veil mandatory for Egyptian women in case of being elected.Joseph Mayton http://bikyamasr.com/56672/egypts-presidential-hopeful-abu-ismail-says-islam-gives-no-freedom/ Egypt's presidential hopeful Abu Ismail says Islam gives no freedom https://web.archive.org/web/20120215212810/http://bikyamasr.com/56672/egypts-presidential-hopeful-abu-ismail-says-islam-gives-no-freedom/ 15 February 2012 Bikya Masr 11 February 2012 He would ban the consumption of alcohol in public, even for tourists. Abu Ismail advocates the closure of gambling casinos, which are currently reserved for foreign visitors. Tourists wearing two-piece swimsuits should be arrested, according to Abu Ismail.Manar Ammar http://bikyamasr.com/47045/egypt-candidate-abu-ismail-no-gambling-no-bikinis-no-alcohol-islamic-dress/ Egypt candidate Abu Ismail: No gambling, no bikinis, no alcohol, Islamic dress https://web.archive.org/web/20120311162334/http://bikyamasr.com/47045/egypt-candidate-abu-ismail-no-gambling-no-bikinis-no-alcohol-islamic-dress/ 11 March 2012 Bikya Masr 1 November 2011 28 March 2012 Moreover, he calls for the abolishment of the Shura Council, which is the upper house of the Egyptian parliament.http://www.egyptindependent.com/node/620651 Salafi presidential hopeful wants Shura Council abolished https://web.archive.org/web/20120407175802/http://www.egyptindependent.com/node/620651 7 April 2012 Egypt Independent 6 March 2012 By 28 March, Abu Ismail had collected 150,000 signatures supporting his candidacy. He was endorsed by 58 members of parliament,Sherif Tarek Presidential contender Abu-Ismail to officially register candidacy Friday Ahram Online 28 March 2012 http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/7/37910/Egypt/Presidential-elections-/Presidential-contender-AbuIsmail-to-officially-reg.aspx the Salafist Scholars Shura Council,Salafist Scholars Shura Council support presidential hopeful Abu-Ismail Ahram Online 24 March 2012 http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/0/37599/Egypt/0/Salafist-Scholars-Shura-Council-support-presidenti.aspx and the Salafist Front.Influential Salafist Front to support Abu-Ismail's presidential bid Ahram Online 12 March 2012 http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/0/36575/Egypt/0/Influential-Salafist-Front-to-support-AbuIsmails-p.aspx On 11 April, the State Council decided that the Ministry of Interior is obliged to provide documents verifying the nationality of the candidate's mother. Thus, he would fail the premise that candidates, their spouses and their parents must hold exclusive Egyptian citizenship.Egypt's foreign ministry says Abu-Ismail's mother held US citizenship Ahram Online 7 April 2012 http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/36/122/38714/Presidential-elections-/Presidential-elections-news/Egypts-foreign-ministry-says-AbuIsmails-mother-hel.aspx Abu Ismail denies the ministry's assertion and insists that his mother was exclusively Egyptian.Tarek Sherif http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/36/122/38879/Presidential-elections-/Presidential-elections-news/AbuIsmail-The-battle-continues.aspx Abu-Ismail: The battle continues Ahram Online 9 April 2012 11 May 2012 The threat to Abu Ismail's candidacy has triggered protests by his supporters.http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/36/122/38942/Presidential-elections-/Presidential-elections-news/AbuIsmail-supporters-protest-outside-court-to-salv.aspx Abu-Ismail supporters protest outside court to salvage presidential bid Ahram Online 10 April 2012 11 May 2012 As of 14 April 2012, Abu-Ismail had been barred from the election by the Presidential Election Commission. He had been given 48 hours to appeal the decision.http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2012/04/2012414185229419379.html Egypt bars 10 candidates from election Al Jazeera English 15 April 2012 11 May 2012 Ayman Nour Ayman Nour is the founder of Al-Ghad Party, leader of the Ghad El-Thawra Party and former candidate in the 2005 presidential elections in which he emerged as runner-up to the winning President Hosni Mubarak. Ayman Nour was jailed in 2006 few months after the presidential elections when he was convicted in charges of forgery. He was later removed from the presidency of Al-Ghad Party. In February 2009, he was released from prison under an amnesty for health reasons. It has been alleged that his release from prison was due to US President Barack Obama demanding his release as a condition to meet with Mubarak.http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1880767,00.html https://web.archive.org/web/20090223061004/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1880767,00.html dead 23 February 2009 Egypt Frees a Dissident: A Gesture for Obama? TIME Scott Macleod 19 February 2009 Ayman Nour's ability to candidate was doubtful, because of being an ex-convict and a former prisoner. However, he was pardoned by the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF) and is thus not longer banned from political activity but eligible for the presidency.Ayman Nour receives SCAF pardon, to run for president Ahram Online 28 March 2012 http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/7/37928/Egypt/Presidential-elections-/Ayman-Nour-receives-SCAF-pardon,-to-run-for-presid.aspx Nour was also barred from running for the presidency by the Presidential Election Commission.Ten Egyptian candidates barred from elections 14 April 2012 https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-17717268 BBC News Khairat El-Shater After initially deciding not to field a candidate, the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt announced on 31 March 2012 that its deputy supreme guide Khairat El-Shater would run in the election.David D. Kirkpatrick More Confident Brotherhood Names Candidate in Egypt The New York Times 31 March 2012 https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/01/world/middleeast/brotherhood-chooses-a-candidate-in-egypt.htmlEgypt's Muslim Brotherhood fields deputy leader as presidential candidate Washington Post 31 March 2012 https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/egypts-muslim-brotherhood-fields-deputy-leader-as-presidential-candidate/2012/03/31/gIQATAHanS_story.html https://web.archive.org/web/20120331234809/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/egypts-muslim-brotherhood-fields-deputy-leader-as-presidential-candidate/2012/03/31/gIQATAHanS_story.html 31 March 2012 dead El-Shater, who was convicted and imprisoned for several years during the rule of Mubarak, might be excluded from the race due to the ban of ex-convicts from political activity. The ruling military council had pardoned him, but a case was filed to eliminate him from the election, because the pardon has not been endorsed by a criminal court.http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/39049/Egypt/Politics-/Judges-recuse-themselves-from-case-against-ElShate.aspx Judges recuse themselves from case against El-Shater presidential bid Ahram Online 11 April 2012 11 May 2012 The Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt fielded Mohamed Morsi, chairman of the Freedom and Justice Party, as an alternative candidate in case El-Shater's candidacy was invalidated. As of 14 April 2012, El-Shater has been barred from the election by the Presidential Election Commission. His campaign has stated that they would appeal the decision. Omar Suleiman General Omar Suleiman, who was director of the General Intelligence Service and in 2011 shortly the last vice president under ousted President Hosni Mubarak, announced his candidacy on 6 April 2012.http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/36/122/38642/Presidential-elections-/Presidential-elections-news/BREAKING-Exintel-chief-Soleiman-bows-to-popular-wi.aspx Ex-intel chief Soleiman 'bows to popular will', runs for presidency Ahram Online 6 April 2012 As of 14 April 2012, Suleiman has been barred from the election by the Presidential Election Commission. His campaign appealed the decision but was rejected. Suleiman left the country for medical treatment, reportedly going to Abu Dhabi, then to Germany, then finally to the United States, where he died suddenly on 19 July 2012 while undergoing medical tests in Cleveland, Ohio. His body was taken back to Egypt for a military funeral. Minor disqualified candidates Ahmad Awad Al-Saidi, National Party of Egypt nominee. Mortada Mansour, previous Zamalek SC chairman. National Party of Egypt nominee. Ibrahim El-Gharib, as an independent with the support of 30,000 voters. Mamdouh Qutb, previous director general of the Egyptian General Intelligence Directorate, Civilisation Party nominee. Houssam Khayrat, Egyptian Arab Socialist Party nominee. Ashraf Barouma, Quiver Party party president. Withdrawn candidates Mohamed ElBaradei In November 2009 amidst the political controversy over the then prospective 2011 presidential election and the constitutional impediments placed in the faces of candidates under the amended Article 76 in the 2007 constitution and amidst speculation about then-president Hosni Mubarak's son Gamal running for the post, Mohamed ElBaradei decided to respond to the continuous pressing from people who asked him to run for the 2011 election.http://www.tehrantimes.com/index_View.asp?code=204908 Egyptian opposition wants ElBaradei to run for president Tehran Times 8 October 2009 31 January 2011http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2009%5C10%5C07%5Cstory_7-10-2009_pg4_7 Leading News Resource of Pakistan Daily Times 7 October 2009 31 January 2011 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20110513155609/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2009%5C10%5C07%5Cstory_7-10-2009_pg4_7 13 May 2011 Earth Times Staff http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/show/291035,arab-league-chief-refuses-to-rule-out-egypt-presidential-bid.html Arab League chief refuses to rule out Egypt presidential bid Earth Times News 20 October 2009 31 January 2011 8 September 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120908010547/http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/show/291035,arab-league-chief-refuses-to-rule-out-egypt-presidential-bid.html dead ElBaradei said in a statement sent from his office in Vienna to Al-Shorouk newspaper that "He did not announce willingness or unwillingness to participate in the upcoming presidential election... and that he will clear his position on the presidency after November".http://www.shorouknews.com/ContentData.aspx?id=136398 ElBaradei will clear his position on the presidency after November Shorouknews.com 31 January 2011 His office manager added: Dr. ElBaradei is the Director General of International Atomic Energy Agency until the end of November. Therefore, he is currently devoted to his work and to address the important issues and topics that need to be addressed by the IAEA. So he did not take any decision regarding his future which will be decided in light of developments of the next phase. At the same time, the New Wafd Party and other opposition political forces have announced that they are ready to support ElBaradei if he decided to run for the election. However, Mohamed ElBaradei stated that if he decides to run for the 2011 elections, he prefers to run as an independent candidate, rather than running as a candidate of any of the existing political parties.http://ara.reuters.com/article/topNews/idARACAE5B90J120091210 https://web.archive.org/web/20091213212034/http://ara.reuters.com/article/topNews/idARACAE5B90J120091210 dead 13 December 2009 ElBaradei excludes running in the presidential elections in Egypt as a candidate of any political party Reuters 10 December 2009 31 January 2011 ar On 24 February 2010, ElBaradei met with several opposition leaders and notable intellects at his home in Cairo. The meeting included an announcement of a new non-party-political movement known as the "National Association for Change", which called for political reform. A representative of the then-banned Muslim Brotherhood attended the meeting.24 February 2010 ElBaradei to form 'national association for change' https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/8534365.stm live https://web.archive.org/web/20110127064617/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8534365.stm 27 January 2011 31 January 2011 BBC News On 14 January 2012, he withdrew his candidacy in protest against the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces' alleged usurpation of power as he criticised the roadmap of transition to a civilian government following the 2011 revolution.https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-16561273 BBC News Mohamed ElBaradei will end Egypt presidency bid 14 January 2012 ElBaradei called it a "travesty" to elect a president before a new constitution had been drafted.ElBaradei: Egypt current roadmap to civilian govt is a travesty Egypt.com 18 February 2012 http://news.egypt.com/english/permalink/85501.html 18 February 2012 8 June 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130608145834/http://news.egypt.com/english/permalink/85501.html dead Abdelazim Negm Abdelazim Negm is a professor of hydraulic engineering at Zagazig University and former vice dean for education and student affairs. He announced his candidacy on 4 March 2011, and withdrew it on 2 April 2012.http://www.youm7.com/News.asp?NewsID=385402 https://archive.today/20130105160931/http://www.youm7.com/News.asp?NewsID=385402 dead 5 January 2013 أستاذ جامعى يعلن ترشحه للرئاسة بالشرقية Youm7.com 26 December 2012 http://amnegm.com/1694 https://archive.today/20120709105927/http://amnegm.com/1694 dead 9 July 2012 بيان صحفى 5: لهذه الأسباب فإننى أعلن توقف الحملة عن جمع التأييدات الشعبية وأعلن أنسحابى من استكمال اجراءات الترشح الرسمى للرئاسة كمرشح مستقل Amnegm.com 11 May 2012 Bothaina Kamel Bothaina Kamel, a media personality and pro-democracy activist, announced her candidacy in April 2011.Hassan, Abdalla F. Muslim Woman Seeks Egyptian Presidency The New York Times. 15 June 2011. She dropped out of the race after failing to acquire the necessary number of signatures.http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/98946/Egypt/Politics-/Bothaina-Kamel-poised-for-second-presidential-run.aspx Bothaina Kamel poised for second presidential run Ahram Online 13 April 2014 13 April 2014 Saad El-Soghayar Al-Sughayar headed to the High Presidential Elections Commission (HPEC) on Tuesday to collect the official application documents and learn of the requirements for running for presidency. A large crowd and folklore music accompanied Al-Sughayar and his band on their visit to the HPEC. Upon his visit to the HPEC, the pop star said that he has collected 30,000 recommendations, which were declined due to his failure to fill in required documents prior the submission, reported the Middle East News Agency. He insisted that he will collect more than 55,000 recommendations. He added that his presidential agenda is ambitious and includes several priorities important to the common citizen, with a full healthcare-for-all system at the front line of these priorities.http://www.albawaba.com/editorchoice/saad-el-soghayar-egyptian-presidency-candidate-419674 Egyptian Singer Saad El-Soghayar to Run for President News.egypt.com 3 April 2012 4 April 2012 However, in a television show later that same day, he went to state he did not think that he was qualified for office and not even for any elected office. He added that he pulled this stunt to show the government and the SCAF that the criteria of 30,000 signatures is not a true obstacle to prevent non-serious candidates.April 2012 Opinion polls The first opinion poll conducted in Egypt post-Mubarak was conducted by YouGov. According to the YouGov survey of 1871 Egyptians between 15 and 20 February 2011, Almost half of all Egyptians (49%) believed that Amr Moussa, the secretary general of the Arab League, was the man most capable of leading the next Egyptian government. Other potential presidents, Ahmed Zewill (13%) & Ayman Nour, Mubarak's 2005 Presidential rival (1%), trailed Moussa by a huge margin. Almost 1 in 10 (9%) believed former vice president, Omar Sulieman, should be Egypt's new leader. The majority (81%) of Egyptians believed that the army would facilitate free and fair elections.First Egyptian Opinion Poll https://surveyfiles.yougov.com/static/YouGov_Siraj_Al_Aan_Egypt_Revolution_Poll_Feb_20_2011.pdf Conducted by YouGov 1 November 2011 An April 2011 survey of 1,000 Egyptians by Pew Research Center's Global Attitudes Project with a margin of error of four percentage points found that the most popular Egyptian politician was Amr Moussa with 41% of Egyptians viewing him as "very favourable," followed by Ayman Nour with 32% and Mohamed ElBaradei with 25%. Some 75% had a favourable view of the Muslim Brotherhood, but only 17% believed they should lead the next government.Arabian Business Egyptians back sharia law, end of Israel treaty, poll shows, 26 April 2011 A poll conducted during the 2011 protests asking "who do you think should be the next President of Egypt?" showed Moussa in the lead, with 26% of respondents naming him.https://www.scribd.com/Egypt-Poll/d/48662607 Phone Survey of Cairo and Alexandria Scribd Middle East Polls 24 June 2010 12 March 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110313164501/http://www.scribd.com/Egypt-Poll/d/48662607 13 March 2011 dead Conducted/ Published Polling Organisation/Client Sample size Amr Moussa Abu Ismail Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh Omar Suleiman Ahmed Shafik Hamdeen Sabahi (DP) Mohamed Morsi (FJP) Salim Al-Awa Khairat El-Shater (FJP) Ayman Nour (Ghad) Kamal Ganzouri Mohamed ElBaradei (CP) other undecidedFeb 2011 YouGov 1871 49% – – 9% – 1% – – – 1% – 2% 24% 13%9–20 March 2011 IPIInternational Peace Institute Poll, conducted by Charney Research, April 2011 615 37% – – 5% – – – – – 1% – 2% 37% 14%Jun 2011 IPIhttp://www.charneyresearch.com/pdf/2011June_IPI_Egypt_Poll_final_press_release.pdf Archived copy 10 October 2011 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20120331015610/http://www.charneyresearch.com/pdf/2011June_IPI_Egypt_Poll_final_press_release.pdf 31 March 2012 800 32% – – – – 3% – – – 3% – 2% 42% –Jun/Jul 2011 Newsweek/Daily Beasthttp://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2011/07/26/egypt-political-poll-muslim-brotherhood-influence-troubles-for-west.html Egypt's Simmering Rage The Daily Beast 26 July 2011 11 May 2012 1008 16% – 5% 4% 12% 2% – 6% – 4% – 12% 13% 27% " (3-way race) " 47% – 16% – – – – – – – – 19% – 18%Aug 2011 ACPSSNational Voter Survey in Egypt https://web.archive.org/web/20160811183055/http://dipd.dk/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Egypt-Survey-1-August-2011.pdf 11 August 2016 , Danish Institute for Parties and Democracy, dipd.dk. Retrieved on 30 August 2011. 2,400 44% 5.2% 2% 9% 12% 5% – 5% – 6% – 4% 7.8% 45%Oct 2011 ACPSS2nd National Voter Survey in Egypt https://web.archive.org/web/20200303024616/http://dedi.org.eg/wp-content/uploads/Voter-poll-survey.pdf 3 March 2020 , Danish-Egyptian Dialogue Institute (DEDI), dedi.org.eg. Retrieved on 13 October 2011. 2,400 44.8% 5.2% 1.6% 10.8% 13.2% 5.7% – 4.7% – 5.0% – 3.5% 5.5% ?Nov 2011 ACPSS3rd National Voter Survey in Egypt https://web.archive.org/web/20130801064745/http://dedi.org.eg/wp-content/uploads/3rd-Poll-Press-Release.pdf 1 August 2013 , Danish-Egyptian Dialogue Institute (DEDI), dedi.org.eg. Retrieved on 12 November 2011 2,400 38.9% 5.7% 1.5% 6.6% 8.5% 4.0% – 5.7% – 3.2% – 2.9% 24.5% ?Mar 2012 Al AhramMoussa leads presidential race at 31.5 pct, but 57.6 pct of Egyptians prefer an Islamist: Poll http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/36/122/38270/Presidential-elections-/Presidential-elections-news/Moussa-leading-the-presidential-race,--opt-for-Isl.aspx ahram online 2 April 2012 1,200 31.5% 22.7% 8.3% 9.3% 10.2% 5.0% – 4.0% – 1.0% 3.0% 1.0% 4.0% ?Apr 2012 Al AhramApril 09, 2012 Opinion poll on presidential candidates shows Moussa on top http://eg4.me/en/?p=5087 Egypt Independent 9 April 2012 dead https://archive.today/20120708142341/http://eg4.me/en/?p=5087 8 July 2012 1,200 30.7% 28.8% 8.5% 8.2% 7.5% 3.9% – 3.2% 1.7% 1.4% 1.3% – 6.5% ?Apr 2012 Al-Masri Al-Yomمن هو الرئيس القادم؟.. أول استطلاع للرأي العام بعد إعلان قائمة المرشحين http://www.almasryalyoum.com/node/770421 المصري اليوم 2,034 6.4% 11.7% 12.4% 20.1% 2.2% 2.7% – 1% 3.2% – – – 2.2% 38.1%Apr 2012 Al AhramSuleiman exit could benefit Shafiq, Moussa: Poll http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/36/122/39368/Presidential-elections-/Presidential-elections-news/Suleiman-exit-could-benefit-Shafiq,-Moussa-Poll--.aspx Ahram Online 16 April 2012في الاستطلاع الأسبوعي لمركز الدراسات بـ الأهرام تقدم سليمان علي حساب موسي وشفيق http://www.ahram.org.eg/Al-Ahram-Files/News/143747.aspx dead https://web.archive.org/web/20121230163031/http://www.ahram.org.eg/Al-Ahram-Files/News/143747.aspx 30 December 2012 16 April 2012 Al-Ahram 1,200 22.3% 21.4% 6.2% 31.7% 3.4% 4.3% – 1.2% 4.3% 0.9% – – 4.3% –Apr 2012 Al AhramPoll: Moussa tops list of presidential candidates after Abu Ismail barred http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/poll-barred-abu-ismail-led-poll-now-moussa-rocketing-list-presidential-runners-news1 Egypt Independent 23 April 2012 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20130801074557/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/poll-barred-abu-ismail-led-poll-now-moussa-rocketing-list-presidential-runners-news1 1 August 2013 1,200 40.9% – 25.2% – 10.5% 9.3% 0.9% 4.4% – – – – ? ?Apr 2012 Al-Masri Al-Yomأحدث استطلاعات الرأي: "الطبيب" و"الدبلوماسي" مؤهلان لانتخابات الإعادة في الرئاسة http://www.almasryalyoum.com/node/792696 Al Masry Al Youm 23 April 2012Namatalla Ahmed Most Egyptians Undecided Before Presidential Vote, Poll Shows http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-04-24/most-egyptians-undecided-before-presidential-vote-poll-shows https://archive.today/20120722102215/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-04-24/most-egyptians-undecided-before-presidential-vote-poll-shows dead 22 July 2012 Bloomberg News 24 April 2012 2,129 12.5% – 15.5% – 6% 5% 1.5% – – – – – 5.1% 54.4%Apr 2012 Al AhramPoll puts Amr Moussa as leading candidate for Egyptian presidency https://www.timesofisrael.com/poll-puts-amr-moussa-as-leading-candidate-for-egyptian-presidancy/ 30 April 2012في استطلاع مركز الأهرام للدراسات السياسية موسي يتصدر المرشحين للرئاسة يليه أبوالفتوح http://www.ahram.org.eg/Al-Ahram-Files/News/146430.aspx Al Ahram 30 April 2012 30 April 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20130103023258/http://www.ahram.org.eg/Al-Ahram-Files/News/146430.aspx 3 January 2013 dead 1,200 41.1% – 27.3% – 11.9% 7.4% 3.6% 5.7% – – – – 3.0% 12.3%Apr 2012 Al Masry Al Youmأحدث استطلاعات الرأي: "أبو الفتوح" يحتفظ بالمقدمة.. وارتفاع طفيف لمؤيدي "موسى" (3) http://www.almasryalyoum.com/node/807336 Al Masry Al Youm 30 April 2012 2,100 14.1% – 18.5% – 5.3% 5% 3.6% 1.4% – – – – 2% 50.1%April–May 2012 IDSChttps://www.israelnationalnews.com/flashes/238986 Egyptian Poll: Close between Moussa and Al Futuh 3 May 2012 Israel National Newsمجلس الوزراء يجرى استطلاعًا عن طبيعة رؤية المواطن المصرى للرئيس الجديد http://www3.youm7.com/News.asp?NewsID=670486&SecID=97&IssueID=0 https://archive.today/20130105191851/http://www3.youm7.com/News.asp?NewsID=670486&SecID=97&IssueID=0 dead 5 January 2013 1,209 11% – 11% – 6% – 2% – – – – – 2% 42% 1April–May 2012 Al AhramPoll: Moussa leads presidential race with 39%, Abouel Fotouh in second http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/poll-moussa-leads-presidential-runners-39-abouel-fotouh-24-shafiq-172-news1 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20120510195830/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/poll-moussa-leads-presidential-runners-39-abouel-fotouh-24-shafiq-172-news1 10 May 2012في الاستطلاع الأسبوعي لمركز الأهرام للدراسات موسي في الصدارة يليه أبو الفتوح وشفيق http://www.ahram.org.eg/Al-Ahram-Files/News/147845.aspx al ahram 7 May 2012 7 May 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20121231120921/http://www.ahram.org.eg/Al-Ahram-Files/News/147845.aspx 31 December 2012 dead 1,200 39% – 24% – 17.2% 6.7% 7% 2.9% – – – – 3.2% –May 2012 Shoroukhttps://www.shorouknews.com/news/view.aspx?cdate=10052012&id=c4d05544-1898-4daa-aa5d-d62ce966af7e نتائج استطلاع (الشروق) حول الانتخابات الرئاسية يكشف: ثلث المصريين لم يحسم مرشحه للرئاسة - بوابة الشروق www.shorouknews.com 1,014 16% – 20.8% – 15.2% 5.7% 5.2% ? – – – – 3.4% 33.6% May 2012 Al Masry Al Youmhttps://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/177511 المصري اليوم تنشر أحدث استطلاعات رأى للسباق الرئاسى (4) المصري اليوم 9 May 2012 المصري اليوم 2,152 17% – 15.7% – 14.8% 6% 5.2% ? – – – – 3.7% 37.6% May 2012 IDSChttp://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/36/122/41405/Presidential-elections-/Presidential-elections-news/AbulFotouh-leads-presidential-race,-new-Cabinet-su.aspx Abul-Fotouh leads presidential race, new Cabinet survey reveals - Presidential elections news - Presidential elections 2012 Ahram Online 2,264 7% – 9% – 8% 2% 4% – – – – – 2% 2 39% 3May 2012 Al Ahramhttp://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/41592/Egypt/Politics-/AbulFotouh-dips,-Moussa-holds-steady-in-Ahram-pres.aspx Abul-Fotouh dips, Moussa holds steady in Ahram presidential poll - Presidential elections news - Presidential elections 2012 Ahram Onlinear:في استطلاع مركز الأهرام للدراسات السياسية : موسى في المقدمة وصعود شفيق ومرسي علي حساب أبوالفتوح والعوا http://www.ahram.org.eg/Al-Ahram-Files/News/149163.aspx Al Ahram 14 May 2012 ar 14 May 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20121230211404/http://www.ahram.org.eg/Al-Ahram-Files/News/149163.aspx 30 December 2012 dead 1,200 40.8% – 17.8% – 19.9% 7% 9.4% 2.7% – – – – 2.5% 15.3%May 2012 Al Masry Al Youmhttps://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/179004 أحدث اسـتطلاعات الرأي: «موسى» يتخلى عن المقدمة لـ«شفيق» و«أبوالفتوح» الثالث (5) المصري اليوم 16 May 2012 المصري اليوم ? 16% – 12.5% – 16.3% 7% 8.8% – – – – – 2% 37.4%May 2012 IDSChttp://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/36/122/41652/Presidential-elections-/Presidential-elections-news/Govt-poll-shows-Shafiq-leading-Egyptian-presidenti.aspx Govt poll shows Shafiq leading Egyptian presidential race - Presidential elections news - Presidential elections 2012 Ahram Onlineشفيق يتصدر استطلاع مركز المعلومات يليه موسى .. وتراجع ابو الفتوح http://www.egynews.net/wps/portal/news?params=172113 Egypt News 14 May 2012 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20120516041257/http://www.egynews.net/wps/portal/news?params=172113 16 May 2012 1,390 11% – 9% – 12% 5% 6% 1% – – – – 2% 37% 4May 2012 IDSCشفيق يتصدر استطلاع مركز المعلومات للأسبوع الثانى يليه موسي http://www.masrawy.com/news/Egypt/Politics/2012/May/19/5028624.aspx 1,366 11% – 7% – 12% 7% 7% ? – – – – ? 35%May 2012 Al Aharamhttp://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/36/122/42121/Presidential-elections-/Presidential-elections-news/Moussa,-Shafiq-lead-Egypt-presidential-race-Opinio.aspx Moussa, Shafiq lead Egypt presidential race: Opinion polls - Presidential elections news - Presidential elections 2012 Ahram Online 1,200 31.7% – 14.6% – 22.6% 11.7% 14.8% 2.3% – – – – 1.7%5 ?May 2012 Al Masry Al Youm 2,287 14.6% – 12.4% – 19.3% 9.5% 9% 1% – – – – 1.2% 33%May 2012 Shoroukآخر استطلاع لـ"الشروق": موسى وأبو الفتوح كتفاً بكتف http://www.shorouknews.com/news/view.aspx?cdate=19052012&id=3447bb39-395b-44b4-ac77-7cda4483e61d shorouk 19 May 2012 1,185 15.1% – 13.2% – 15.8% 12.3% 9.5% 1.3% – – – – 2.9% 29.8%May 2012 U of Marylandhttps://news.cision.com/ news.cision.com news.cision.comhttp://www.brookings.edu:80/research/reports/2012/05/21-egyptian-election-poll-telhami What Do Egyptians Want? Key Findings from the Egyptian Public Opinion Poll The Brookings Institution 772 28% – 32% – 14% 8% 8% ? – – – – ? ? Notes: 1 In addition, another 7% decided not to vote, 16% haven't decided if they will participate, and 3% refused to say their nominee 2 2% for Khaled Ali 3 In addition, another 8% will not vote, 6% did not disclose nominee, and 17% have yet to decide if they will participate. 4 In addition, another 6% will not vote, 3% did not disclose nominee, and 8% have yet to decide if they will participate. 5The article doesn't mention "other", but mentions Ali and Hariri, which are not placed on the table, getting 1.1% and 0.6% respectively (hence, total of 1.7). Runoff polls candidate Al Ahram (28 Apr–1 May 2012) Amr Moussa 63.8% Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh 36.2% Amr Moussa 77.6%Mohamed Morsi 22.4% Amr Moussa 68%Ahmed Shafik 32%Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh 52.9%Ahmed Shafik 47.1%Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh 74.7%Mohamed Morsi 25.3% Favorability ratings Unlike traditional preference polling, favorability ratings allow individuals to independently rate each candidate. This provides a comprehensive impression of a candidate's electorate appeal without vote splitting distortion, where votes divide between ideologically similar candidates in multi-candidate polls. Favorability indicates general candidate acceptance among voters, irrespective of final vote choice. The table uses the percentage of "Somewhat favorable" or "Very favorable" responses. Poll source Date(s)administered Sample size Amr Moussa Mohamed Hussein Tantawi Ayman Nour (Ghad) Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh Abu Ismail Mohamed ElBaradei (CP) Faiza Abou el-Naga Omar Suleiman Hosni Mubarak Pew Researchhttps://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2012/05/Pew-Global-Attitudes-Project-Egypt-Report-FINAL-May-8-2012-2PM-ET.pdf One Year Later…Egyptians Remain Optimistic, Embrace Democracy and Religion in Political Life 8 May 2012 Pew Global Attitudes Project 2, 5, 13 Pew Research Center PDFhttps://www.pewresearch.org/global/2012/05/08/egyptians-remain-optimistic-embrace-democracy-and-religion-in-political-life/ Egyptians Remain Optimistic, Embrace Democracy and Religion in Political Life 8 May 2012 19 March – 10 April 2012 1000 green 81% green 63% green 61% green 58% green 52% green 48% green 35% Pew Researchhttps://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2011/04/Pew-Global-Attitudes-Egypt-Report-FINAL-April-25-2011.pdf Egyptians Embrace Revolt Leaders, Religious Parties and Military, As Well 25 April 2011 Pew Global Attitudes Project 9 Pew Research Center PDF 24 March – 7 April 2011 1000 green 89% green 90% green 70% green 57% green 34% green 13% Results thumb|400px|Results from the first round.#E9967A; Governorate won by Mohamed Morsi. #B0C4DE; Governorate won by Ahmed Shafik. #90EE90; Governorate won by Hamdeen Sabahi. #FFA500; Governorate won by Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh. #FAFAE5; Governorate won by Amr Moussa. Percentage of votes received by candidate no Mohamed Morsi 24.8 #E9967A Ahmed Shafik 23.7 #B0C4DE Hamdeen Sabahi 20.7 #90EE90 Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh 17.5 #FFA500 Amr Moussa 11.1 #F5F5E1 On 24 June 2012, Egypt's election commission announced that Morsi had won the run-off. Egypt's benchmark stock index celebrated Morsi's election by closing up 7.6 percent, its largest single-day gain in nine years.December 2012January 2025 Current citation appears to be permanently dead link, no archive found. Mohamed Morsi Freedom and Justice Party 5764952 13230131 Ahmed Shafik Independent 5505327 12347380 Hamdeen Sabahi Dignity Party 4820273 Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh Independent 4065239 Amr Moussa Independent 2588850 Mohammad Salim Al-Awa Independent 235374 Khaled Ali Independent 134056 Abu Al-Izz Al-Hariri Socialist Popular Alliance Party 40090 Hisham Bastawisy National Progressive Unionist Rally Party 29189 Mahmoud Houssam Independent 23992 Mohammad Fawzi Issa Democratic Generation Party 23889 Houssam Khairallah Democratic Peace Party 22036 Abdullah Alashaal Authenticity Party 12249 406720 843252 50996746 50958794 EISA Second round results by governorate GovernorateValid votesInvalid votesTurnout %Morsi votes %Shafik votes %Aswan317,4247,77637.9164,82651.9152,59848.1Asyut901,53926,83744.6554,51961.5347,02038.5Luxor264,3536,78140.3124,12047.0140,23353.0Alexandria1,687,14876,27453.7970,13157.5717,01742.5Ismailia376,57611,64255.5204,30754.3172,26945.7Red Sea94,7912,68743.546,80349.447,98850.6Beheira1,548,27145,04349.4907,37758.6640,89441.4Beni Suef770,34224,26155.9512,07966.5258,26333.5Port Said239,89013,57758.1109,76845.8130,12254.2Giza2,263,42582,26354.81,351,52659.7911,89940.3South Sinai24,74273340.812,28649.712,45650.3Dakahlia1,904,74451,24353.3845,39044.41,059,35455.6Damietta461,40314,56955.9258,47556.0202,92844.0Suez205,9637,55056.0129,22962.776,73437.3Sohag912,85326,10340.1531,63658.2381,21741.8Al Sharqia1,928,21650,07056.6881,58145.71,046,63554.3North Sinai94,9642,40146.958,41561.536,54938.5Gharbia1,575,88345,10355.8583,74837.0992,13563.0Faiyum761,33023,09150.6591,99577.8169,33522.2Cairo3,399,110158,68754.81,505,10344.31,894,00755.7Qalyubia1,460,53742,56257.9609,25341.7851,28458.3Qena514,08915,17933.1285,89455.6228,19544.4Kafr el-Sheikh768,00523,22342.6425,51455.4342,49144.6Monufia1,323,26533,94961.5376,67728.5946,58871.5Minya1,332,67743,60751.8858,55764.4474,12035.6Matrouh81,2421,62940.665,09580.116,14719.9New Valley63,0091,32045.439,93463.423,07536.6 expatriates301,7205,092225,89374.975,82725.1Total13,230,13151.712,347,38048.3 Source:الانتخابات الرئاسية 2012 – الموقع الرسمي للجنة الانتخابات الرئاسية http://pres2012.elections.eg/index.php/round2-results 11 August 2014 12 September 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20150912152105/http://pres2012.elections.eg/index.php/round2-results dead Analysis Pre-election polling showed Moussa to have a substantially higher favorability rating (81%) than Fotouh (58%), and to be preferred head-to-head against Morsi (78%), Shafik (68%), and Fotouh (64%). Fotouh in turn was preferred head-to-head over Morsi (75%) and Shafik (53%), making Moussa the likely Condorcet winner, and Fotouh the runner-up. However, due to the use of the two-round system, and vote-splitting between the three moderate / non-Islamist candidates,27 October 2023 Opinion Palestinians' flawed 2006 elections empowered Hamas — and destroyed democracy https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2023/10/30/hamas-flawed-elections-popularity/ 19 February 2024 Washington Post en-US 0190-8286 candidates who advanced to the runoff were extremely polarizing: the Islamist Morsi and the Mubarak regime holdover Shafik. Just under half the first-round votes went to the other three candidates, who were more in the middle of Egypt’s political spectrum. The moderate vote split in three Moussa came in 5th, and Fotouh came in 4th, and both were eliminated.27 December 2021 EISA Egypt: 2012 Presidential election results https://www.eisa.org/wep/egy2012results.htm 19 February 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20211227023635/https://www.eisa.org/wep/egy2012results.htm 27 December 2021 Abadeer Caroline Blackman Alexandra Domike Williamson Scott 28 March 2018 Voting in Transition: Participation and Alienation in Egypt's 2012 Presidential Election http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763375-01001001 Middle East Law and Governance 10 1 25–58 10.1163/18763375-01001001 1876-3367 Despite performing relatively well, Sabahi, Aboul Fotouh, and Moussa appeared to split each other’s votes. In the final results, Morsi and Shafiq took the first and second spots to compete in the run-off subscription Arafat Alaa Al-Din Muslim Brotherhood and the Presidential Elections 2017 The Rise of Islamism in Egypt 195–216 http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-53712-2_7 19 February 2024 Cham Springer International Publishing en 10.1007/978-3-319-53712-2_7 978-3-319-53711-5 Three candidates were thought to be out of the running: Mohamed Morsi, because of his radical views and discourse; Ahmed Shafiq, because of his relations with Mubarak … the non-Islamist vote had been split three ways subscription The two candidates who qualified for the runoff election, Morsi (24.8%) and Shafik (23.7%), were both considered polarizing. Under instant-runoff voting, Top Four or Final Five Voting, and related systems, Moussa would also have been eliminated before the other four candidates,Even if all other 8 candidates had transferred all their ballots to Moussa, that would have given Moussa 13.36, which is less than Fotouh's 17.47. though it is unknown how the ballots would have been transferred and who would have next been eliminated. Claims of election interference Allegations have arisen that the interior ministry handed out over 900,000 ID cards to Egyptian soldiers so that they could vote for Shafik in the first round, which would be a major campaign violation. Sabahi asked for the Egyptian election to be temporarily suspended until an investigation was carried out. http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/05/26/216677.html Egypt's third runner-up seeks election suspension: lawyer English.alarabiya.net 26 May 2012 26 December 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120621015324/http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/05/26/216677.html 21 June 2012 dead30 May 2014 Egypt's Sabahi contests presidential elections results https://www.reuters.com/article/us-egypt-election-sabahi-idUSKBN0EA26W20140530/ Reuters The government rejected the appeal.1 June 2014 Egypt rejects appeal of defeated presidential candidate https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN0EC1TW/ Reuters In August 2013, former Israeli negotiator Yossi Beilin wrote that an Egyptian official had told him that the true results had Shafik winning, but the military gave the presidency to Morsi out of fear of unrest.Yossi Beilin 18 August 2013 'Morsi didn't win the elections' https://www.israelhayom.co.il/article/110169 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20130818152944/http://www.israelhayom.com/site/newsletter_opinion.php?id=5395 18 August 2013 24 February 2024 Israel Hayom Presidential powers President of Egypt Shortly after it became apparent that Morsi would win the election, SCAF made the following changes to the 30 March 2011 Egypt Constitutional Declaration in order to define the powers of the new president: Article 30: In situation that parliament is dissolved the president will be vowed into office in front of High Constitutional Court's General Assembly. Article 53: The incumbent SCAF members are responsible for deciding on all issues related to the armed forces including appointing its leaders and extending the terms in office of the aforesaid leaders. The current head of the SCAF is to act as commander-in-chief of the armed forces and minister of defense until a new constitution is drafted. Article 53/1: The president can only declare war after the approval of the SCAF. Article 53/2: If the country faces internal unrest which requires the intervention of the armed forces, the president can issue a decision to commission the armed forces – with the approval of the SCAF – to maintain security and defend public properties. Current Egyptian law stipulates the powers of the armed forces and its authorities in cases where the military can use force, arrest or detain. Article 56 B: The SCAF will assume the authorities set out in sub-article 1 of Article 56 as written in the 30 March 2011 Constitutional Declaration until a new parliament is elected. Article 60 B: If the constituent assembly encounters an obstacle that would prevent it from completing its work, the SCAF within a week will form a new constituent assembly- to author a new constitution within three months from the day of the new assembly's formation. The newly drafted constitution will be put forward after 15 days of the day it is completed, for approval by the people through a national referendum. The parliamentary elections will take place one month from the day the new constitution is approved by the national referendum. Article 60 B1: If the president, the head of SCAF, the prime minister, the Supreme Council of the Judiciary or a fifth of the constituent assembly find that the new constitution contains an article or more which conflict with the revolution's goals and its main principles or which conflict with any principle agreed upon in all of Egypt's former constitutions, any of the aforementioned bodies may demand that the constituent assembly revises this specific article within 15 days. Should the constituent assembly object to revising the contentious article, the article will be referred to the High Constitutional Court (HCC) which will then be obliged to give its verdict within seven days. The HCC's decision is final and will be published in the official gazette within three days from the date of issuance. Article 38 will be replaced with: "The parliamentary elections will be conducted in accordance to the law."http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/45350/Egypt/Politics-/URGENT-English-text-of-SCAF-amended-Egypt-Constitu.aspx English text of SCAF amended Egypt Constitutional Declaration – Politics – Egypt – Ahram Online English.ahram.org.eg 26 December 2012 See also Democracy in the Middle East President of Egypt References Further reading El-Khawas Mohamed 2012 Egypt's Unfinished Revolution Mediterranean Quarterly 23 1 52–66 10.1215/10474552-1540693 154366887 Martini Jeff 19 April 2012 Cairo's Candidate Shuffle: Fewer Contenders, Same Policies Foreign Affairs http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/137513/jeff-martini/cairos-candidate-shuffle Samaan Magdy 9 May 2012 Vox Pop: Egyptians Prepare to Choose a President Foreign Policy https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/05/09/vox_pop_egyptians_prepare_to_choose_a_president 6 March 2017 1 August 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130801064338/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/05/09/vox_pop_egyptians_prepare_to_choose_a_president dead External links Candidates in the 2012 Egyptian Presidential Election – American University in Cairo The official website of Supreme Committee for Presidential Elections Future Leaders of Egypt Bios on the Center for American Progress Egypt Elections Watch – Jadaliyya Egypt Elects Egypt's presidential favourites: Where they stand, issue by issue Guide to Egypt’s presidential elections 2012 Egyptian presidential election, 2012 coverage at The Guardian Joseph Mayton "Egyptian Presidential Candidate Hamdeen Sabahi: From Outlier to Serious Contender," https://web.archive.org/web/20130620011718/http://en.qantara.de/From-Outlier-to-Serious-Contender/19143c20191i1p497/index.html 20 June 2013 Qantara.de (22 May 2012). Presidential finalists Mursi vs Shafiq: Where they stand, issue by issue autocollapse Egypt Egypt Presidential election Category:Egyptian Crisis (2011–2014) Egypt Egypt Category:Presidential elections in Egypt