1951 Philadelphia municipal election

none January 2025 June 2015 1951 Philadelphia municipal election Philadelphia presidential no 1949 Philadelphia municipal election 1949 1953 November 6, 1951 The 1951 Philadelphia municipal election, held on Tuesday, November 6, was the first election under the city's new charter, which had been approved by the voters in April, and the first Democratic victory in the city in more than a half-century. The positions contested were those of mayor and district attorney, and all seventeen city council seats. There was also a referendum on whether to consolidate the city and county governments. Citywide, the Democrats took majorities of over 100,000 votes, breaking a 67-year Republican hold on city government. Joseph S. Clark Jr. and Richardson Dilworth, two of the main movers for the charter reform, were elected mayor and district attorney, respectively. Led by local party chairman James A. Finnegan, the Democrats also took fourteen of seventeen city council seats, and all of the citywide offices on the ballot. A referendum on city-county consolidation passed by a wide margin. The election marked the beginning of Democratic dominance of Philadelphia city politics, which continues today. Background In the 1940s, Philadelphia was the last major city in the United States to have nearly all of its political offices occupied by Republicans.Reichly 1959 5–6 Mayor Bernard Samuel and sheriff Austin Meehan led the Republican organization and were supported by many of the city's business interests.Clark Clark 1982 650 In 1947, city voters had elected Republicans to the mayor's office and to every seat on the city council.Miller 1947 Over the next few years, cracks in the Republican wall began to emerge as independent voters and reform-minded Republicans began to join with Democrats in opposing what they saw as shortcomings of the Republican political machine.Madonna McLarnon 2003 59–60 Some in the Democratic coalition objected to making common cause with the reformers, but Democratic City Committee chairman James A. Finnegan saw it as a chance to revitalize his moribund party, saying "good government is good politics."Petshek 1973 65–66 In 1949, that coalition scored a victory in the election for "row offices" (minor citywide offices including treasurer, coroner, and controller), and the reformers used their new platforms to expose corruption in city government.Reichly 1959 11–15 A bipartisan commission of reformers proposed a new city charter in 1950. The new scheme would shift power away from city council to a strong mayor, something they believed would produce a system that would be more efficient and less susceptible to corruption.Clark Clark 1982 654 It also included provisions for civil service reform, requiring that city jobs be filled by merit selection rather than patronage.Clark Clark 1982 655 The higher-ranking executive branch positions in city government would almost all be filled by the mayor directly without council approval, which was intended to encourage the appointment of independent experts instead of distributing jobs as reward for political service.Clark Clark 1982 655 Voters approved the charter overwhelmingly in an April 1951 referendum, setting up a showdown in November for election to the revised city government.Freedman 1963 II–1 Mayor 1951 Philadelphia mayoral election Philadelphia presidential no 73%Voter Turnout in U.S. Mayoral Elections Is Pathetic, But It Wasn't Always This Way Denvir Daniel https://www.citylab.com/equity/2015/05/mayoral-election-voting-turnout/393737/#disqus_thread City Lab April 28, 2019 May 22, 2015 1947 1955 Philadelphia mayoral election 1955 November 6, 1951 File:Joseph S. Clark Jr. 1957.jpg 150x150px Joseph S. Clark Jr. Democratic Party (United States) 448,983 58.06% File:Daniel A. Poling (1).tif Daniel A. Poling Republican Party (United States) 324,283 41.94% 1951PhiladelphiaMayorByWard.png Ward-level results in the mayor's race, with Clark in blue and Poling in red Mayor Bernard Samuel Republican Party (United States) Joseph S. Clark Jr. Democratic Party (United States) Samuel did not run for re-election as mayor, leaving an open seat to be contested by the Republican nominee, Daniel A. Poling, and the Democrat, Joseph S. Clark Jr. Clark was a lawyer and United States Army officer who had served in World War II. Raised in an upper-class Republican family, he switched his party affiliation to the Democrats in 1928.Neal 1990 After several unsuccessful attempts at public office in Philadelphia, he served as a deputy attorney general of Pennsylvania. Clark was known as a reformer, having been elected city controller two years earlier in 1949 on a platform of cleaning up corruption in the city.Clark Clark 1982 655 Despite being slandered as a communist for his membership in the Americans for Democratic Action, a left-wing group, Clark was victorious.Binzen 2014 101 In those two years, Clark probed graft and theft in the Samuel administration and reported his findings to the voters.Clark 1991 94 Many of those accused of crimes were convicted, and several committed suicide.Neal 1990 Clark continued his push for reform by urging adoption of the new city charter.Miller 1951a He campaigned for mayor with the promise of a "clean sweep of City Hall".Daily Times 1951 He won the support of party Democrats in part by announcing his intention to run whether they backed him or not.Madonna McLarnon 2011 28 In the July primary election, he triumphed easily over former City Solicitor Joseph Sharfsin by an eight-to-one margin.Miller 1951b The Republican nominee, Poling, was a Baptist preacher with a national reputation for integrity who GOP leaders hoped would help deflect the corruption charges leveled against the machine.Clark Clark 1982 655 Poling had worked for various charitable organizations and managed the Christian Herald.Associated Press 1968 His son, Clark V. Poling, was one of the Four Chaplains lost aboard the SS Dorchester in World War II, and Poling served as pastor at the chapel erected in their memory.Feller 2007 677 Poling was challenged in the primary by Walter P. Miller, a businessman who had the backing of independent Republicans. The ward leaders swung their support to Poling, who won by a six-to-one margin.Miller 1951bReichly 1959 15 As in 1947 and 1949, Clark focused his campaign on the corruption of the Republican organization, calling it "the most corrupt political machine in the United States".Miller 1951c Poling admitted that corruption existed, but pledged to root it out himself if elected.Miller 1951c Philadelphia's two newspapers, the Inquirer and the Bulletin, had traditionally endorsed Republicans, but in 1951 favored the Democrats.Freedman 1963 V–11 Poling's association with the Republican party bosses clinched the Inquirers endorsement for Clark; in an editorial, the editors said "the only way Philadelphia can get a change at City Hall is by throwing out the Republican ward-boss clique".Inquirer 1951a Clark and his running mate, district attorney candidate Richardson Dilworth, bought radio time and made street-corner speeches. In one speech, Dilworth called the Republican leadership "political hogs and extremely avaricious gentlemen".Miller 1951c In a broadcast, Clark called his non-politician opponent the ignorant tool of corrupt interests, saying "he can know nothing about the subject personally for he has not been in politics in Philadelphia long enough to find out."Miller 1951c Poling campaigned vigorously with the full support of his party organization, but the effort fell short.Reichly 1959 15 The general election was a landslide for Clark, who won by more than 120,000 votes.Miller 1951d With 58% of the vote, the Democrats had gained nearly 215,000 votes over the last election, in which they had been defeated. The Democrats' greatest gains were in the so-called "independent wards", where middle-class voters were more likely to split their tickets in pursuit of good government, and in the majority-black wards in North and West Philadelphia, where Clark's promise of civil service reform gained the confidence of black voters, who had traditionally been left out of the patronage system.Reichly 1959 13, 15, 17 As the result became apparent, he told reporters that it was a "great victory for the thinking people of Philadelphia and it ends a long hard fight."Miller 1951d This was the first time since 1881 (70 years) that a Democrat won the mayoralty, and the first time since 1911 (40 years) that a Republican nominee lost the mayoralty.Mayors of the City of Philadelphia 1691-2000 https://www.phila.gov/PHILS/Mayorlst.htm City of Philadelphia April 28, 2019 It ushered a period of Democratic control of the mayoralty which continues to this day.Bunch Will Will Philly's 100th mayor be a Republican? https://www.inquirer.com/philly/blogs/attytood/Will-Phillys-100th-mayor-be-a-Republican.html Philadelphia Inquirer March 20, 2020 February 27, 2017 1951 Philadelphia mayoral electionBulletin Almanac 1952 33 Democratic Party (United States) Joseph S. Clark Jr. 448,983 58.06 Republican Party (United States) Daniel A. Poling 324,283 41.94 District attorney thumb|alt=Black-and-white photograph of Richardson Dilworth, standing|Richardson Dilworth Philadelphia elects a district attorney independently of the mayor, in a system that predates the charter change.Freedman 1963 II–6 Since 1957, district attorney elections have followed mayoral and city council elections by two years, but in 1951 both offices were up for election in the same year.Reichly 1959 39 As in the mayor's race, the contest for district attorney pitted a Democratic reformer, Richardson Dilworth, against a representative of the Republican machine, Michael A. Foley. Dilworth, like Clark, was a former Republican who had been advocating reform for several years. He had run for mayor unsuccessfully in 1947, with Clark as his campaign manager.Binzen 2014 94–97 In 1949, he was elected City Treasurer. Democratic Party leaders had intended Dilworth to be their candidate for mayor again in 1951, but when Clark announced his candidacy, Dilworth agreed to run for district attorney instead.Neal 1990 Foley, an attorney for the Insurance Company of North America, had organization backing in the primary but had no success against the Democratic wave in the general election.Miller 1951bCrumlish 1959 70 Dilworth was unopposed in the primary.Miller 1951b In November, Dilworth won by almost as large a margin as Clark, taking just shy of 58% of the vote. He told reporters that the victory had a "sobering effect", adding: "the bigger the victory, the bigger the responsibility".Miller 1951d 1951 Philadelphia district attorney electionBulletin Almanac 1952 33 Democratic Party (United States) Richardson Dilworth 446,841 57.94 Republican Party (United States) Michael A. Foley 324,433 42.06 City council Under the new charter, Philadelphians elected a seventeen-member city council in 1951, with ten members representing districts of the city, and the remaining seven being elected at-large. By the rules of the limited voting system for the at-large seats, each political party could nominate five candidates and voters could only vote for five, with the result that the majority party could only take five of the seven seats, leaving two for the minority party.Freedman 1963 II–7 The Democrats' citywide triumph continued into the city council races, as they took nine of ten districts and five of seven at-large seats.Inquirer 1951b Constance Dallas, the first woman to win election to city council, was elected in a close vote in the 8th district (covering Chestnut Hill, Germantown, and Roxborough) over incumbent councilman Robert S. Hamilton. In the 1st district, which took in South Philadelphia, attorney Thomas I. Guerin defeated Dominic J. Colubiale. In the 2nd, the Republicans' lone district-level victory came as electrical equipment salesman William M. Phillips bested Louis Vignola, a labor union official. In the 3rd district, made up of the southern half of West Philadelphia, incumbent Harry Norwitch defeated another incumbent from the old city council, George Maxman, who had held office since 1936. In the 4th, which covered the northern half of West Philadelphia, state representative Samuel Rose defeated incumbent James G. Clark.Inquirer 1951b In the city's 5th district in North Philadelphia, another incumbent, Eugene J. Sullivan, was defeated by Raymond Pace Alexander, a local attorney and African American civil rights leader. In the 6th district, covering Kensington and Frankford, plumbers' union official Michael J. Towey won over William J. Glowacz. In the 7th, James Tate defeated Joseph A. Ferko, a local Mummers string band leader. Insurance broker Charles M. Finley defeated incumbent councilman William A. Kelley in the 9th district, which covered Oak Lane, Olney, and Logan. In Northeast Philadelphia's 10th district, incumbent Clarence K. Crossan, who had held office since 1925, went down to defeat against real estate broker John F. Byrne Sr.Inquirer 1951b In the at-large races, all five Democrats were elected, including city party chairman James A. Finnegan, former registration commissioner Victor E. Moore, Charter Commission secretary Lewis M. Stevens, attorney (and future district attorney of Philadelphia) Victor H. Blanc, and magistrate Paul D'Ortona. The Republican slate ran more than 100,000 votes behind the Democrats, with incumbent councilman Louis Schwartz and state senator John W. Lord Jr. narrowly edging out labor leader John B. Backhus, assistant district attorney Colbert C. McClain, and clergyman Irwin W. Underhill for the two minority party slots on the council.Inquirer 1951b The Progressive Party, a left-wing party founded in 1948 around Henry A. Wallace's presidential bid, ran two candidates who took less than one percent of the vote.Inquirer 1951b right At-large vote share by party Democratic 57.47 #0000FF Republican 41.98 #FF0000 Progressive 0.55 #008000 1951 Philadelphia city council election, at largeBulletin Almanac 1952 33 Democratic Party (United States) Victor E. Moore 441,263 11.52 Democratic Party (United States) Lewis M. Stevens 440,945 11.51 Democratic Party (United States) Victor H. Blanc 439,942 11.49 Democratic Party (United States) James A. Finnegan 439,820 11.48 Democratic Party (United States) Paul D'Ortona 439,534 11.47 Republican Party (United States) Louis Schwartz (incumbent) 322,224 8.41 Republican Party (United States) John W. Lord Jr. 321,984 8.41 Republican Party (United States) John B. Backhus 321,540 8.39 Republican Party (United States) Irwin W. Underhill 321,434 8.39 Republican Party (United States) Colbert C. McClain 320,922 8.38 Progressive Party (United States, 1948) Alice F. Liveright 11,193 0.03 Progressive Party (United States, 1948) John L. Holton 9,649 0.03 thumb|alt=Map of Philadelphia showing city council districts|Philadelphia city council districts after the 1951 election (Democrats in blue, Republicans in red) 1951 Philadelphia city council election, district 1Bulletin Almanac 1952 34 Democratic Party (United States) Thomas I. Guerin 45,859 57.78 Republican Party (United States) Dominic J. Colubiale 33,511 42.22 1951 Philadelphia city council election, district 2Bulletin Almanac 1952 34 Republican Party (United States) William M. Phillips 47,814 58.60 Democratic Party (United States) Louis Vignola 33,783 41.40 1951 Philadelphia city council election, district 3Bulletin Almanac 1952 34 Democratic Party (United States) Harry Norwitch (incumbent) 50,286 61.77 Republican Party (United States) George Maxman 31,128 38.23 1951 Philadelphia city council election, district 4Bulletin Almanac 1952 34 Democratic Party (United States) Samuel Rose 42,797 62.00 Republican Party (United States) James G. Clark 26,225 38.00 1951 Philadelphia city council election, district 5Bulletin Almanac 1952 34 Democratic Party (United States) Raymond Pace Alexander 37,918 58.10 Republican Party (United States) Eugene J. Sullivan (incumbent) 27,340 41.90 1951 Philadelphia city council election, district 6Bulletin Almanac 1952 34 Democratic Party (United States) Michael J. Towey 47,072 55.05 Republican Party (United States) William J. Glowacz 38,442 44.95 1951 Philadelphia city council election, district 7Bulletin Almanac 1952 34 Democratic Party (United States) James Tate 48,139 61.98 Republican Party (United States) Joseph A. Ferko 29,529 38.02 1951 Philadelphia city council election, district 8Bulletin Almanac 1952 34 Democratic Party (United States) Constance Dallas 33,751 54.11 Republican Party (United States) Robert S. Hamilton 28,623 45.89 1951 Philadelphia city council election, district 9Bulletin Almanac 1952 34 Democratic Party (United States) Charles M. Finley 49,278 63.38 Republican Party (United States) William A. Kelley (incumbent) 28,476 36.62 1951 Philadelphia city council election, district 10Bulletin Almanac 1952 34 Democratic Party (United States) John F. Byrne Sr. 50,083 60.36 Republican Party (United States) Clarence K. Crossan (incumbent) 32,890 39.64 City commissioners thumb|alt=Black-and-white photograph of Philadelphia's City Hall|Philadelphia's City Hall In the race for city commissioners, each party nominates two candidates and the top three are elected. The office was a county office, a holdover from the time before consolidation of the townships in Philadelphia County into one city. The most important of the remaining duties of the commissioners in Philadelphia was the conduct of the city's elections; they also had responsibility for regulating weights and measures.Office of the City Representative 1962 63 As in the other races, the Democrats triumphed, electing both Maurice S. Osser and Thomas P. McHenry. McHenry was an incumbent who had served as commissioner since 1945, while Osser was new to the office, having previously worked as a lawyer and as the leader of the 16th ward.Miller 1951d The Republican spot on the county commission went to Walter I. Davidson, a sales executive.Miller 1951dBulletin Almanac 1952 33 Philadelphia city commissioners, 1951Bulletin Almanac 1952 33 Democratic Party (United States) Thomas P. McHenry 441,499 28.88 Democratic Party (United States) Maurice S. Osser 441,407 28.87 Republican Party (United States) Walter I. Davidson 323,143 21.14 Republican Party (United States) William G. Schmidt 322,834 21.12 Row offices and judges The Democrats' success continued down the ballot. The incumbent sheriff, Austin Meehan, did not run for re-election, and the race for county sheriff pitted two incumbent city councilmen against each other for the job: Democrat William M. Lennox and Republican Cornelius S. Deegan Jr.Bulletin Almanac 1952 35 The office of sheriff was another holdover county office. The sheriff, whose job differed from that of the chief of police, was the chief law enforcement officer of the court.Office of the City Representative 1962 62 Lennox came out ahead, and would hold the job for the next twenty years.Roche 1991 Democrat Joseph A. Scanlon was elected over Republican Edward W. Furia for clerk of courts, an officer charged with the collection and disbursement of payments ordered by the courts.Inquirer 1951bOffice of the City Representative 1962 61 Scanlon, a former state legislator, served as clerk until 1957, when he died in office.Inquirer 1957 For recorder of deeds, another county administrative office, Democrat Marshall L. Shepard was elected.Inquirer 1951b Shepard was a Baptist minister who had also served as recorder of deeds in Washington, D.C.Murphy Melton Ward 1993 692 Two years later, the office was folded into the city government and converted to a civil service position.Murphy Melton Ward 1993 692 Most of the common pleas court judges up for re-election were endorsed by both parties, but in the one contested race, Democrat John Morgan Davis defeated incumbent Republican Thomas Bluett.Inquirer 1951d The Democrats also took eight of the fourteen magisterial district judge positions (a local court, the duties of which are now performed by the Philadelphia Municipal Court).Inquirer 1951b Philadelphia sheriff election, 1951Bulletin Almanac 1952 33 Democratic Party (United States) William M. Lennox 443,832 57.15 Republican Party (United States) Cornelius S. Deegan Jr. 322,832 42.85 Philadelphia clerk of courts election, 1951Bulletin Almanac 1952 33 Democratic Party (United States) Joseph A. Scanlon 441,223 57.77 Republican Party (United States) Edward W. Furia 322,480 42.23 Philadelphia recorder of deeds election, 1951Bulletin Almanac 1952 33 Democratic Party (United States) Marshall L. Shepard 441,302 57.59 Republican Party (United States) F. Earl Reed 324,951 42.41 Referendum A statewide referendum on the ballot that day continued the work begun by the new city charter in asking voters to consolidate the city and county governments in Philadelphia. In 1854, all of the municipalities in Philadelphia County had been consolidated into one city, but many county offices still existed, duplicating the efforts of city officials. The merger would also bring county offices under the civil service protections of the new city charter.Petshek 1973 39 Merging the city and county governments had been defeated in a 1937 referendum, but in 1951 the question was overwhelmingly approved.Inquirer 1951c Two other ballot proposals authorized the city to borrow $17 million for municipal improvements and $14 million for the gas works; both passed by a five-to-one margin.Bulletin Almanac 1952 35 Aftermath The 1951 election was the final blow to Philadelphia's once-dominant Republican machine. After winning some minor offices in 1953, the Republican organization quickly declined again.Freedman 1963 II–35 Since that time, the Democratic Party has dominated the city's politics, with no other party electing a mayor or a majority of the city council.Freedman 1963 II–36 With Republicans no longer playing a significant role in Philadelphia's government, the main battle in city politics came to be between the Democratic Party's reformers and its organization stalwarts.Clark Clark 1982 661 By 1965, with most reformers out of government, the ascendant political culture in the city returned to what the Philadelphia Bulletin called "the old, narrow partisan view, the aroma of inside deals, back-scratching, and City Hall favoritism ... crass political bidding for favor at taxpayers' expense."Petshek 1973 80 See also List of members of Philadelphia City Council since 1952 References 20em Sources Books Binzen Peter Richardson Dilworth: Last of the Bare-Knuckled Aristocrats 2014 Camino Books Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 978-1-933822-86-0 Bulletin Almanac 1952 1952 The Philadelphia Bulletin Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 8641470 Bulletin Almanac 1952 Clark Joseph S. Clark Dennis J. Weigley Russell Russell Weigley Philadelphia: A 300-Year History Rally and Relapse: 1946–1968 1982 649–703 W.W. Norton & Co. New York 978-0-393-01610-9 https://archive.org/details/philadelphia300y00weig/page/649 Crumlish Joseph D. A City Finds Itself: the Philadelphia Home Rule Charter Movement 1959 Wayne State University Press Detroit, Michigan https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/003450903 491418011 Wayne State University studies. Political science; no. 6 Feller Wende Vyborney Shearer Benjamin F. Home Front Heroes: A Biographical Dictionary of Americans During Wartime 3 Poling, Daniel Alfred (1884–1968) 2007 676–677 Greenwood Press Westport, Connecticut 978-0-313-33423-8 Freedman Robert L. A Report on Politics in Philadelphia 1963 Joint Center for Urban Studies of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001150726 1690059 Murphy Larry G. Melton J. Gordon Ward Gary L. Shepard, Marshall Lorenzo, Sr Encyclopedia of African American Religions 1993 978-0-8153-0500-2 Routledge New York https://books.google.com/books?id=fxsmAgAAQBAJ Office of the City Representative Decade of Progress : The story of Philadelphia, 1952–1961 Division of Public Information, Office of the City Representative 1962 11471789 Petshek Kirk R. The Challenge of Urban Reform 1973 Temple University Press Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 978-0-87722-058-9 https://archive.org/details/challengeofurban00pets Reichly James The Art of Government: Reform and Organization Politics in Philadelphia 1959 Fund for The Republic New York https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001150728 994205 A report to the Fund for the Republic Journals Clark George R. Joseph Sill Clark (October 21, 1901 – January 12, 1990) Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society March 1991 135 1 92–97 987153 Madonna G. Terry McLarnon John Morrison Reform in Philadelphia: Joseph S. Clark, Richardson Dilworth and the Women Who Made Reform Possible, 1947–1949 Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography January 2003 CXXVII 1 57–88 https://www.fandm.edu/uploads/files/994888120235846295-clark-pdf.pdf 20093600 Madonna G. Terry McLarnon John Morrison Dilworth, Clark, and Reform in Philadelphia, 1947–1962 Pennsylvania Legacies November 2011 11 2 24–31 10.5215/pennlega.11.2.0024 10.5215/pennlega.11.2.0024 Newspapers Associated Press Dr. Poling Dies at 83; Clergyman https://www.newspapers.com/image/14186419 Delaware County Daily Times Newspapers.com February 8, 1968 Associated Press 1968 Miller Joseph H. Samuel Wins By 93,000 The Philadelphia Inquirer November 5, 1947 https://www.newspapers.com/image/174124732/ Newspapers.com Miller Joseph H. Independents Play Decisive Role in Victory The Philadelphia Inquirer April 18, 1951a https://www.newspapers.com/image/177961595/ Newspapers.com Miller Joseph H. Poling and Clark Are Nominated The Philadelphia Inquirer July 25, 1951b https://www.newspapers.com/image/178120064/ 1, 12 Newspapers.com Miller Joseph H. 'Corrupt GOP Machine' Reviled By Clark; Poling Confirms 'Mace' Charge The Philadelphia Inquirer October 25, 1951c https://www.newspapers.com/image/177519491 1, 2 Newspapers.com Poling's Backers Knife City Reforms The Philadelphia Inquirer November 4, 1951 14-B https://www.newspapers.com/image/177516659/ Newspapers.com Inquirer 1951a Democrats End 67-Year GOP Rule in Philadelphia Delaware County Daily Times November 7, 1951 https://www.newspapers.com/image/54136022 Newspapers.com Daily Times 1951 Woman Elected to First Seat in City Council The Philadelphia Inquirer November 7, 1951 2 https://www.newspapers.com/image/177522091 Newspapers.com Inquirer 1951b City and County Merger Believed OK'd by Voters https://www.newspapers.com/image/177522067/ The Philadelphia Inquirer November 7, 1951 Newspapers.com Inquirer 1951c Miller Joseph H. Democrats win by 122,000 The Philadelphia Inquirer November 7, 1951d https://www.newspapers.com/image/177522067/ Newspapers.com Bluett Vote Tops Entire GOP Ticket The Philadelphia Inquirer December 5, 1951 https://www.newspapers.com/image/177523426/ 9 Newspapers.com Inquirer 1951d Joseph Scanlon Dies, Court Clerk, Democrat The Philadelphia Inquirer April 22, 1957 https://www.newspapers.com/image/176067145/ 22 Newspapers.com Inquirer 1957 Associated Press Dr. Poling Dies at 83; Clergyman https://www.newspapers.com/image/14186419 Delaware County Daily Times Newspapers.com February 8, 1968 Neal Steve Political Giant Joseph Clark Dead at 88 https://www.newspapers.com/image/166723568/ The Philadelphia Inquirer Newspapers.com January 15, 1990 Roche Walter F. William M. Lennox, 91, sheriff from 1952-72, later hospice volunteer The Philadelphia Inquirer October 8, 1991 7-B https://www.newspapers.com/image/174937092/ Newspapers.com Philadelphia 1951 Philadelphia Category:1950s in Philadelphia 1951 Philadelphia Category:November 1951 in the United States Category:Municipal elections in Philadelphia