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1944 United States Senate special election in New Jersey
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March 2026
September 2023
1944 United States Senate special election in New Jersey
New Jersey
1896
presidential
no 83%https://nj.gov/state/elections/assets/pdf/election-results/other/2022-1925-general-election-data.pdf General Election Data - 1924 to 2022 NJ.gov ( 3pp)
1940 United States Senate election in New Jersey
1940
1946 United States Senate election in New Jersey
1946
November 7, 1944
150x150px
Howardalexandersmith.jpg
H. Alexander Smith
Republican Party (US)
939,987
50.44%
Elmer Wene 3-11-37 LCCN2016871410 (cropped).jpg
Elmer H. Wene
Democratic Party (US)
910,096
48.84%
280px
1944 United States Senate special election in New Jersey results map by county.svg County results Smith: #e27f7f 50–60% #d75d5d 60–70% Wene: #7996e2 50–60% #6674de 60–70%
Senator
Arthur Walsh
Democratic Party (US)
H. Alexander Smith
Republican Party (US)
The 1944 United States Senate special election in New Jersey was held on November 7, 1944.
The election was held to fill the unexpired term of W. Warren Barbour, who died in November 1943. H. Alexander Smith was elected to the open seat over Democratic U.S. Representative Elmer H. Wene.
The incumbent Democratic appointee, Arthur Walsh, did not run.
Background
Incumbent Senator W. Warren Barbour was elected in 1940 to a six-year term set to expire in 1947. He died on November 22, 1943, of a cerebral hemorrhage.
On November 26, Governor of New Jersey Charles Edison appointed Arthur Walsh to fill the vacant seat until a successor could be duly elected.Edison Appoints Arthur Walsh To Succeed Barbour as Senator The New York Times 27 Nov 1943 1 https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1943/11/27/85137223.html subscription 22 Sep 2023
A special election to complete the remainder of Barbour's unexpired term was scheduled for November 7, 1944, concurrent with the general election for presidential electors and U.S. House of Representatives.
Democratic primary
Candidates
Elmer H. Wene, U.S. Representative from Vineland
Declined
Arthur Walsh, interim Senator
Results
1944 Democratic U.S. Senate special primary
Elmer H. Wene
Democratic Party (US)
151,126
100.0%
151,126
100.0%
Republican primary
Candidates
H. Alexander Smith, Princeton attorney and member of the Republican National Committee
Andrew O. Wittreich, Tenafly resident
Withdrew
Guy Gabrielson, former Speaker of the General Assembly and assemblyman from East OrangeWildstein David 2018-12-27 Three New Jersey insiders you've probably never heard of https://newjerseyglobe.com/fr/three-new-jersey-insiders-youve-probably-never-heard-of/ 2025-06-10 New Jersey Globe en-US
Campaign
Gabrielson withdrew from the race after party leadership coalesced behind Smith. As consolation, Gabrielson was elected to succeed Smith as Republican National Committeeman. In 1949, he was elected chair of the Republican National Committee.
Results
1944 Republican Senate special primaryhttps://nj.gov/state/elections/assets/pdf/election-results/1920-1970//1944-primary-election.pdf Results of the Primary Election Held May 16th, 1944 Secretary of the State of New Jersey 18 Aug 2021
H. Alexander Smith
Republican Party (US)
187,190
82.55%
Andrew O. Wittreich
Republican Party (US)
39,576
17.45%
226,766
100.00%
General election
Candidates
John C. Butterworth (Socialist Labor)
George W. Ridout (Prohibition), Methodist minister
Morris Riger (Socialist)
H. Alexander Smith (Republican), Princeton attorney and member of the Republican National Committee
Elmer H. Wene (Democratic), U.S. Representative from Vineland
Endorsements
H. A. Smith (R) ;Individuals
Russell Davenport, foreign affairs advisor to Wendell Willkie
1944-11-04 DAVENPORT SUPPORTS H.A. SMITH IN JERSEY https://www.nytimes.com/1944/11/04/archives/davenport-supports-ha-smith-in-jersey.html 2025-06-09 The New York Times en-US 0362-4331
Elmer Wene (D) ;Individuals
Henry W. Jeffers, dairy farmer and former chair of the New Jersey Republican State Committee (Republican)
Campaign
Smith reported $15,116 (approximately $US-GDP 15116 1944 0 c in US-GDP dollars) in campaign spending, a considerable sum for the time.SMITH SPENT $15,116 IN NEW JERSEY RACE https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1944/10/31/86733805.html 2025-06-09 The New York Times en 0362-4331
Results
Wene conceded defeat on November 9, after overseas military ballots were counted. Wene received a substantial majority of the military ballots, but it was not sufficient to overcome Smith's margin in the statewide vote.1944-11-10 WENE CONCEDES DEFEAT IN JERSEY; Smith's Plurality Is 25,725 for Senate -- Charter Loses by 160,431 -- Wolverton Wins https://www.nytimes.com/1944/11/10/archives/wene-concedes-defeat-in-jersey-smiths-plurality-is-25725-for-senate.html 2025-06-09 The New York Times en-US 0362-43311944 U.S. Senate special election in New Jerseyhttp://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1944election.pdf Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 1944 Clerk of the United States House of Representatives April 23, 2020https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=267929 Our Campaigns - NJ US Senate - Special Election Race - Nov 07, 1944
Republican Party (United States)
Howard Alexander Smith
940,051
50.44%
Democratic Party (United States)
Elmer H. Wene
910,096
48.84%
Prohibition Party (United States)
George W. Ridout
9,873
0.53%
Socialist Labor Party of America
John C. Butterworth
1,997
0.11%
Socialist Party USA
Morris Riger
1,593
0.09%
29,955
1.60%
1,863,610
Republican Party (United States)
Democratic Party (United States)
See also
1944 United States Senate elections
References
New Jersey 1944
New Jersey 1944
1944 Special
New Jersey Special
United States Senate Special
United States Senate 1944