1912 Fez riots

Anti-colonial insurrection in Morocco 1912 Fez riots French conquest of Morocco Tritel2.jpg Damage to the Mellah after French artillery fire in the Intifada of Fes 17 April 1912 Fez, Morocco 34 2 36 N 5 0 12 W Treaty of Fes Mutiny, riot French suppression 600 Moroccan Muslims, 66 Europeans, 42 Moroccan Jews Morocco 300 1912 Fez riots The Fes Riots, also known as the Fes Uprising or Mutiny (from ar انتفاضة فاس, ar Intifadat Fes), the Tritl (he התריתל, among the Jewish community) and the Bloody Days of Fes (from fr Les Journées Sanglantes de Fès) were riots which started on April 17, 1912, in Fes, the then-capital of Morocco, when French officers announced the measures of the Treaty of Fes, which created the French protectorate in Morocco.Mohammed Kenbib. "Fez Riots (1912)." Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World. Executive Editor Norman A. Stillman. Brill Online, 2014 The riots broke out shortly after the population of Fes learnt about the treaty, which they generally viewed as a betrayal by Sultan Abd al-Hafid, who had left Fes for Rabat to ensure his safety. After the riots, he was forced to abdicate in favour of his brother Yusuf.Gershovich 2000 56 Despite warnings of an uprising, most French troops left Fes, leaving behind 1,500 French troops and 5,000 Moroccan askars (local colonial infantrymen) commanded by French officers. On the morning of 17 April, the French officers announced the new measures to their askars. Many units immediately mutinied, causing a total loss of control. According to the report on the front page of Le Matin on April 19, 1912, the riots broke out in Fes at about 11:00 am Wednesday morning, April 17, 1912.1912-04-19 Le Matin : derniers télégrammes de la nuit https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k570131d 2022-03-30 Gallica EN The rebels killed three wireless telegraphy workers and injured a fourth to cut connections with the outside world. The sultan, Abdulhafid, was besieged by rebels at his palace. The soldiers attacked their French commanders, then left their barracks and attacked the European and Jewish quarters of the city. According to the Moroccan historian Mohammed Kenbib, "the French commander, General Brulard, thinking that the Jews were supporting the insurgents, ordered his artillery to shell the mallāḥ, causing great devastation, and wounding and killing many people, both Jews and Muslims."Fez Riots (1912) http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1878-9781_ejiw_sim_0007730 2021-10-28 Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World 10.1163/1878-9781_ejiw_sim_0007730 subscription The rebels surrendered after two days. The death toll included approximately 600 Moroccan Muslims, 66 Europeans, and 42 Moroccan Jews.Gershovich 2000 57 : "The result was a total loss of control by the French instructors over some units which turned into an anarchic, violent mob. The mutineers attacked their French commanders and then spread to the streets of Fez in search of any European they could find. The Jewish quarter (mellah) was leveled before order was restored on 19 April when French artillery shelled the centers of resistance and forced the rebels to surrender. The toll of casualties included 66 Europeans, 42 Jews and some 600 Moroccans killed." The first account of the riot was written by Hubert Jacques, a journalist at Le Matin, and a personal friend of Hubert Lyautey. The report was strongly critical of Eugène Regnault.French Military Rule in Morocco: Colonialism and its Consequences, Moshe Gershovich, p.62 The same newspaper listed both Regnault and Lyautey among four candidates likely to be considered for the position of France's resident-general in Morocco.1912-04-18 Le Matin : derniers télégrammes de la nuit https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5701301 2022-03-30 Gallica EN After the violence, Resident General Hubert Lyautey decided to make Rabat the capital instead of Fes.Kenbib Mohammed 2014 Fez Riots (1912) Norman A. Stillman http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1878-9781_ejiw_sim_0007730 subscription Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World Brill Online 10.1163/1878-9781_ejiw_sim_0007730 1878-9781 2026-05-03 Resistance to the French continued in May, with the Siege of Fez (1912). References Bibliography Les journées sanglantes de Fez, 17-18-19 avril 1912: les massacres; récits militaires; responsabilités Hubert Jacques Libraririe Chapelot 1913 https://books.google.com/books?id=sHM7AQAAMAAJ Prelude to Protectorate in Morocco: Pre-Colonial Protest and Resistance, 1860-1912 The Fez Mutiny and the Revolt of El Hiba Edmund Burke III 15 February 2009 Edmund Burke III University of Chicago Press, 2009 9780226080840 https://books.google.com/books?id=jJIM45sajbYC&pg=PA180 Gershovich Moshe French Military Rule in Morocco: colonialism and its consequences Pre-Colonial Morocco: Demise of the Old Makhzan Routledge 2000 0-7146-4949-X https://books.google.com/books?id=KkcM5c48hBIC&pg=PA40 Category:1912 riots Category:1912 in Morocco Category:Massacres in 1912 Category:1912 in Judaism Category:April 1912 in Africa Category:20th-century mass murders in Morocco Category:Riots and civil disorder in Morocco Category:History of Fez, Morocco Category:Mutinies Category:Jewish Moroccan history Category:Antisemitism in Morocco Category:Anti-French sentiment Category:Intifadas Category:Judaism in Fez Category:Ethnic riots