2015 Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown

Turkish shootdown near the Syrian border September 2019 December 2015 2015 Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown Боевые вылеты российской авиации с аэродрома «Хмеймим» для нанесения ударов по объектам террористов в Сирии (9).jpg The Su-24M aircraft that was shot down, two weeks before the event Incident 2015 11 24 y Shot down by Turkish F-16 fighter jet Syria–Turkey border Sukhoi Su-24M RUS RF-90932 / 83 White Khmeimim Air Base, Syria 2 2 1 1 On 24 November 2015, a Turkish Air Force F-16 fighter jet shot down a Russian Sukhoi Su-24M attack aircraft near the Syria–Turkey border.http://www.ibtimes.com/what-fencer-su-24-what-know-about-russian-plane-shot-down-turkey-2197848 What Is A Fencer Su-24? What To Know About The Russian Plane Shot Down By Turkey International Business Times Lydia Tomkiw 24 November 2015 24 November 2015Press release Hava sahası İletim http://www.tsk.tr/3_basin_yayin_faaliyetleri/3_1_basin_aciklamalari/2015/ba_97.html tr Transmission of Airspace Turkish Armed Forces Chief of Staff 24 November 2015 24 November 2015 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20151124152949/http://www.tsk.tr/3_basin_yayin_faaliyetleri/3_1_basin_aciklamalari/2015/ba_97.html 24 November 2015 According to Turkey, the aircraft was fired upon while in Turkish airspace because it violated the border up to a depth of 1.36 mi km flip off for about 17 seconds after being warned to change its heading ten times over a period of five minutes before entering the airspace.http://live.aljazeera.com/Event/Turkey_downs_Russian_jet/207502662 Turkey downs Russian jet Al Jazeera 24 November 2015 25 November 2015 The Russian Defence Ministry denied that the aircraft ever left Syrian airspace, claiming that their satellite data showed that the Sukhoi was about 1000 m yd inside Syrian airspace when it was shot down.2015-11-24 Turkey's downing of Russian warplane - what we know en-GB BBC News https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-34912581 2022-11-24 The U.S. State Department said that the U.S. independently confirmed that the aircraft's flight path violated Turkish territory, and that the Turks gave multiple warnings to the pilot, to which they received no response and released audio recordings of the warnings they had broadcast.https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/u-s-confirms-downed-russian-plane-entered-turkish-airspace-n471481 U.S. Confirms That Downed Russian Plane Entered Turkish Airspace Andrea Mitchell NBC News 30 November 2015 1 December 2015https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/prs/dpb/2015/11/250155.htm#RUSSIA Daily Press Briefing – November 30, 2015 – RUSSIA/TURKEY U.S. Department of State 1 December 2015 Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan pointed out that Turkey had the right to defend its airspace.Turkey's downing of Russian warplane – what we know https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-34912581 BBC 24 November 2015 Although Russian president Vladimir Putin said that the U.S. knew the flight path of the Russian jet and should have informed Turkey, two U.S. officials said that Russia had not informed the U.S. military of its jet's flight plan.Phil Stewart, Russia didn't give downed jet's flight plan to U.S.: U.S. officials, Reuters (27 November 2015). The Russian pilot and navigator both ejected from the aircraft. The navigator, Konstantin Murakhtin, was rescued, but pilot Oleg Peshkov was shot and killed by Syrian rebel ground fire while descending by parachute.https://nationalpost.com/news/world/turkey-blasts-russian-warplane-out-of-the-sky-says-jet-violated-its-airspace-pilots-fate-unclear Syrian Turkmens fired on parachuting Russian pilots, killing at least one after Turkey shot down warplane: official National Post 25 November 2015 25 November 2015 A Russian marine from the search and rescue team launched to retrieve the two airmen was also killed when a rescue helicopter was targeted by the rebels. The incident was the first destruction of a Russian or Soviet Air Forces warplane by a NATO member state since an attack on the Sui-ho Dam during the Korean War in 1953.Gibbons-Neff Thomas The last time a Russian jet was shot down by a NATO jet was in 1952 https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2015/11/24/the-last-time-a-russian-jet-was-shot-down-by-a-nato-jet-was-in-1952/ 2 December 2015 Washington Post 24 November 2015http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_slatest/2015/11/24/turkey_downing_that_russian_fighter_jet_is_terrible_news_for_the_war_on.html Turkey downing that Russian fighter jet is terrible news for the war on ISIS. Slate Magazine 24 November 2015 25 November 2015http://www.maxim.com/maxim-man/article/turkey-russia-warplane-ISIS-2015-11 A NATO Country Just Shot Down a Russian Warplane for the First Time Since the Cold War Maxim 24 November 2015 Reactions to the incident included denunciation from Russia and an attempt to defuse the situation by NATO afterwards. Russia deployed the guided missile cruiser Moskva armed with S-300F (SA-N-6 Grumble) long-range SAM missiles off the Syrian coast near Latakiahttps://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/russia-deploys-missile-cruiser-in-mediterranean-to-destroy-any-target-after-plane-shot-down-by-a6747721.html https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/russia-deploys-missile-cruiser-in-mediterranean-to-destroy-any-target-after-plane-shot-down-by-a6747721.html 1 May 2022 subscription live Russia deploys warship to Mediterranean to destroy 'any target' after plane shot down by Turkey Victoria Richards 25 November 2015 The Independent 27 November 2015 and S-400 (SA-21 Growler) mobile SAM systems to Khmeimim airbase. In response, the Turkish Armed Forces deployed the KORAL land-based radar electronic support system in Hatay Province along the Turkish–Syrian border.http://www.defenseworld.net/news/14727/Russia_To_Wage_Electronic_Warfare_Against_Turkey Russia To Wage Electronic Warfare Against Turkey 23 May 2016 26 February 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160226132418/http://www.defenseworld.net/news/14727/Russia_To_Wage_Electronic_Warfare_Against_Turkey deadhttp://blogs.plymouth.ac.uk/dcss/2015/12/02/turkey-deployed-koral-radar-electronic-warfare-system-close-to-syria-to-counter-russian-s-400-missile-system/ TURKEY DEPLOYED KORAL RADAR-ELECTRONIC WARFARE SYSTEM CLOSE TO SYRIA TO COUNTER RUSSIAN S-400 MISSILE SYSTEM DCSS News 23 May 2016 Background Turkish involvement in the Syrian Civil War Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War Spillover of the Syrian Civil War thumb|upright|Turkish president Erdoğan (left) and Russian president Putin at the G-20 summit in Antalya on 15 November 2015 After the 2012 shooting down of a Turkish RF-4E Phantom II jet by Syrian forces, Turkish prime minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan protested, saying that brief incursions should not trigger an attack, pointing out that Turkey did not shoot down Syrian helicopters that strayed into Turkish airspace.Turkey PM Erdogan issues Syria border warning https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-18584872 BBC 26 June 2012Turkey hardens military position after Syria downs jet http://www.cnn.com/2012/06/26/world/meast/turkey-syria-plane/ CNN 27 June 2012Russia accuses Turkey of 'hypocrisy' after Erdogan admits airspace violation 'does not justify attack' https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/russia-accuses-turkey-of-hypocrisy-after-erdogan-himself-says-airspace-violation-does-not-justify-a6748146.html https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/russia-accuses-turkey-of-hypocrisy-after-erdogan-himself-says-airspace-violation-does-not-justify-a6748146.html 1 May 2022 subscription The Independent 26 November 2015 Nevertheless, as a response to the event he announced that Turkey changed its rules of engagement, and said it would start to consider all "military elements" approaching from Syria an enemy threat and would act accordingly. Borger Julian Black Ian Turkey threatens Syria with military retaliation over downed jet https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jun/26/turkey-threatens-syria-retaliation The Guardian 26 June 2012 3 December 2015 Heintz Jim Fraser Suzan Turkey shoots down Russian jet it says violated its airspace http://bigstory.ap.org/article/066bc52167e844bb9f5732d8650b0b35/report-turkey-shoots-down-warplane-over-airspace-intrusion Associated Press 24 November 2015 24 November 2015 26 November 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151126051417/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/066bc52167e844bb9f5732d8650b0b35/report-turkey-shoots-down-warplane-over-airspace-intrusion dead Subsequently, Turkey shot down a Syrian Mi-17 helicopter in September 2013 Parkinson Joe Albayrak Ayla Turkey Shoots Down Syrian Helicopter https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887323527004579079211922065496 The Wall Street Journal 16 September 2015 3 December 2015 and a MiG-23 warplane in March 2014. Arsu Sebnem Turkey Downs Warplane From Syria After Warning https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/24/world/europe/syria.html The New York Times 23 March 2014 3 December 2015 Russia was one of several countries directly involved in the Syrian conflict. On 30 September 2015, Russia began its air campaign in support of the SAA against Syrian rebels. In early October, Turkey and NATO protested against what they saw as Russia's deliberate violations of Turkish airspace. Syria conflict: Russia violation of Turkish airspace 'no accident' https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34453739 24 November 2015 BBC 6 October 2015On 15 October, Turkish jets shot down a drone operating in Turkish airspace. Coskun Orhan (from Ankara) Turkey shoots down drone near Syria, U.S. suspects Russian origin https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-turkey-warplane-idUSKCN0SA15K20151016#P4Z9b4oziuBGJbSy.97 Reuters 16 October 2015 24 November 2015 Yeginau Ceylan Turkish Jets Shoot Down Drone Near Syria https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/17/world/europe/turkey-drone-syria-border.html The New York Times New York City 16 October 2015 24 November 2015 Chulov Martin Shaheen Kareem Turkey shoots down unidentified drone near Syrian border: Sources suggest drone is of Russian origin but Ankara keen to avoid blaming Moscow as tensions simmer over airspace violations https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/oct/16/turkey-shoots-down-drone-near-syrian-border The Guardian Manchester 16 October 2015 24 November 2015 Staff Turkey shoots down drone at Syria border: "Unmanned vehicle" entered airspace from Syria and was targeted by planes patrolling border, Turkish military says. http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/10/turkey-unidentified-aircraft-shot-151016104805046.html Al Jazeera 16 October 2015 24 November 2015 Melvin Don Turkish air force reports it shot down unidentified drone http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/10/turkey-unidentified-aircraft-shot-151016104805046.html CNN 16 October 2015 24 November 2015 United States defence officials said that the drone was Russian; Russian officials denied that any of their aircraft had been shot down. On 17 October, Turkish prime minister Ahmet Davutoğlu said Turkey would shoot down any aircraft violating its airspace.https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-turkey-airspace-idUSKCN0SB0QX20151018 Turkey would shoot down planes violating its air space: PM Reuters 18 October 2015 24 November 2015 The Russian defence ministry admitted that a Russian Su-30 aircraft had entered Turkish airspace "for a few seconds" because of bad weather, adding that measures had been taken to prevent a repeat of such incidents, however Turkish radar had tracked the aircraft straying into Turkish airspace for up to 5 mi km 0 flip on.http://theaviationist.com/2015/10/05/russian-su-30sm-su-24-violate-turkish-airspace-flanker-locks-on-tuaf-f-16-for-5-minutes/ The Aviationist » Russian Su-30SM, Su-24 violate Turkish airspace. Flanker locks on TuAF F-16 for +5 minutes The Aviationist 5 October 2015 23 May 2016https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/oct/05/turkey-says-russian-warplane-violated-airspace Nato condemns Russia over violations of Turkey's airspace Kareem Shaheen The Guardian 6 October 2015 26 November 2015https://www.wsj.com/articles/turkey-says-russian-fighter-jet-violated-its-airspace-with-syria-1444040488 Turkey Says Russian Fighter Jet Violated Its Airspace With Syria The Wall Street Journal Julian E. Barnes Emre Peker Gordon Lubold 5 October 2015 26 November 2015 From 3–15 October, five discussions between senior ranking officials from Turkey and Russia occurred, concerning Turkish rules of engagement and Russian violations of Turkish airspace. Türkiye Ekim Ayında Rusya'yı Beş Kez Uyardı: Türk ve Rus yetkililer, Ekim ayında Rus jetlerinin Türk hava sahasını ihlalleri konusunda 5 kez görüştü. http://www.haberler.com/turkiye-ekim-ayinda-rusya-yi-bes-kez-uyardi-7905849-haberi/ Haberler.com tr The strict rules of engagement that had been transmitted to the Russian authorities will be implemented 24 November 2015 24 November 2015 Press release О консультациях заместителя Министра иностранных дел России А.Ю.Мешкова с заместителем Министра иностранных дел Турции А.К.Айдыном http://www.turkey.mid.ru/hron/hronika381.html Russian Embassy in Ankara ru Consultations of the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of Russia A. Yu. Meshkova with the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of Turkey A. K. Aydynom 14 October 2015 27 November 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151208122705/http://www.turkey.mid.ru/hron/hronika381.html 8 December 2015 dead dmy-all Press release О консультациях спецпредставителя Президента Российской Федерации по Ближнему Востоку и странам Африки, заместителя Министра иностранных дел России М.Л.Богданова с заместителем Министра иностранных дел Турции У.Ялчином http://www.turkey.mid.ru/hron/hronika382.html https://web.archive.org/web/20151208155514/http://www.turkey.mid.ru/hron/hronika382.html 8 December 2015 Russian Embassy in Ankara ru Consultations between Special Representative of the President of the Russian Federation for the Middle East and African countries, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of Russia M. L. Bogdanov with the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of Turkey U. Yalchinom 18 October 2015 27 November 2015 Press release О телефонном разговоре Президента России В.В.Путина с Президентом Турции Р.Т.Эрдоганом http://www.turkey.mid.ru/hron/hronika383.html Russian Embassy in Ankara ru A telephone Conversation with Russian President Vladimir Putin and President Recep Tayyip Erdogan 21 October 2015 27 November 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151208133405/http://www.turkey.mid.ru/hron/hronika383.html 8 December 2015 dead dmy-all On 6 November 2015, six U.S. Air Force F-15C fighters were deployed by US European Command from the 48th Fighter Wing at their Lakenheath base in Britain to Incirlik Air Base as part of Operation Inherent Resolve. F-15Cs arrive at Incirlik Air Base https://www.usafe.af.mil/news/story?id=123462805 USAFE official website 6 November 2015 3 December 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151106183743/http://www.usafe.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123462805 6 November 2015 live dmy-all The government of Turkey requested these to secure the sovereignty of Turkish airspace because of earlier repeated Russian intrusions into Turkish airspace. On 19 November, Russian ambassador to Turkey Andrei Karlov and the Russian military attaché, Colonel Andrei Victorovich Dovger, were summoned by Turkey. Embassy of the Russian Federation in Turkey: Office of the Military Attaché http://www.turkey.mid.ru/eng/vat.html https://web.archive.org/web/20151208133015/http://www.turkey.mid.ru/eng/vat.html 8 December 2015 Russian Embassy in Ankara 27 November 2015 Russia, which was criticised by Turkey for having conducted operations near the Turkish border, a region inhabited by Syrian Turkmen and largely free of ISIL (though al-Nusra Front, the al-Qaeda affiliate in Syria, was present in the region),https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/syria-crisis-turkey-and-saudi-arabia-shock-western-countries-by-supporting-antiassad-jihadists-10242747.html https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/syria-crisis-turkey-and-saudi-arabia-shock-western-countries-by-supporting-antiassad-jihadists-10242747.html 1 May 2022 subscription Turkey and Saudi Arabia alarm the West by backing Islamist extremists the Americans had bombed in Syria Kim Sengupta The Independent 12 May 2015 was notified that Turkey's rules of engagement were in place and it would react to any violations of its border security. Turkey also warned Russia that it would not be indifferent to "attacks targeting the life security of Turkmen" in the Bayırbucak area.Deniz Zeyrek Turkey warns Russia over border security Hürriyet Daily News http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkey-warns-russia-over-border-security.aspx?pageID=238&nID=91568&NewsCatID=510 24 November 2015 25 November 2015Turkish frustration at Russian intervention has smouldered for months. All it needed was a spark https://www.economist.com/news/europe/21679092-turkish-frustration-russian-intervention-has-smouldered-months-all-it-needed-was 25 November 2015 The Economist 24 November 2015 The preceding week Turkey had called for the UN Security Council to discuss attacks against Turkish-backed Turkmens.Turkey downs Russian warplane near Syria border, Putin warns of 'serious consequences' https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-turkey-idUSKBN0TD0IR20151125 Reuters 23 November 2015 Approximately 1,700 people had fled the area in the previous three days due to battles between Syrian government forces and anti-government Syrian Turkmen and al-Nusra Front fighters. Russia had bombed the area near the Turkish border to support Syrian government forces. Syrian Turkmen formed their own armed brigades called Syrian Turkmen Brigades in opposition to the Syrian government of President Bashar al-Assad, loosely affiliated with other rebels such as the Free Syrian Army. The Turkmen brigades also cooperated with al-Qaeda's Syrian affiliate the al-Nusra Front and with the Salafi coalition known as Ahrar al-Sham. In Latakia, the Turkish-supported rebels formed the Jabal al-Turkman Brigade.Who are the Turkmen in Syria? https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-34910389 BBC News 25 November 2015 The shootdown thumb|Approximate flight paths according to the Turkish and Russian forces On 24 November 2015 at 9:24 am local time (7:24 am GMT), as it was returning to Khmeimim airbase, a Russian Sukhoi Su-24 aircraft with tail number 83 white and registration number RF-909322017-10-10 ru:Потери российских Су-24 в зонах боевых действий. Досье Losses of Russian Su-24s in combat zones. Dossier https://tass.ru/info/4632759 2022-05-14 TASS ru Су-24М (бортовой номер "83 белый", регистрационный номер RF-90932) was shot down near the Syrian–Turkish border by a missile from a patrolling Turkish Air Force F-16 fighter jet.http://www.business-standard.com/article/international/russian-su-24-fighter-jet-shot-over-syria-by-turkey-reports-115112400434_1.html Turkey shoots down Russian jet near Syrian border Business Standard 24 November 2015 25 November 2015 Минобороны РФ: российский Су-24 сбили при возвращении на авиабазу в Сирии http://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/2467225 TASS ru Defense Ministry: Russian Su-24 shot down while returning to base in Syria 24 November 2015 24 November 2015 Later analysis suggested that a radar-guided, medium range AIM-120 AMRAAM was fired from between 9 - 12 mi km flip away.https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/heres-reason-why-russian-aircraft-keep-dying-syria-128527 Here's the Reason why Russian Aircraft Keep Dying In Syria Sebastien Roblin 29 February 2020 The National Interest The Economist reported that the two Su-24s were on their way to strike Syrian Turkmen targets. Syrian government forces supported by the Shiite militias and the Russian Air Force were fighting against Syrian Turkmen brigades, Army of Conquest and al-Nusra Front fighters.http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2015/11/turkey-russia-syria-best-worse-case-scenarios-russian-jet.html After shooting down Russian jet, what's next for Turkey? Al-Monitor 26 November 2015 28 November 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151231181717/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2015/11/turkey-russia-syria-best-worse-case-scenarios-russian-jet.html 31 December 2015 dead Early reports from Russian news agencies, citing the Russian Defence Ministry, indicated that the aircraft had been downed by a ground-based strike from Syrian Turkmen rebels, but they later confirmed Turkish reports that the aircraft had been shot down by Turkish fighter jets.November 2020 The Turkish military released a graphic of the Russian aircraft's flight pattern, which shows it crossing the southern tip of Hatay Province before being shot down and crashing near Turkmen Mountain.Whittaker Francis Melville-Smith Alicia Russian Jet Downed Near Turkey-Syria Border https://www.buzzfeed.com/franciswhittaker/warplane-crashes-near-turkeys-border-with-syria 24 November 2015 Buzzfeed News 24 November 2015https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/11/24/world/middleeast/russia-turkey-jet-shoot-down-maps.html Sorting Out What Russia and Turkey Say Happened in the Sky The New York Times 24 November 2015 24 November 2015 Russia then countered Turkey's radar trace analysis by publishing a different flight map showing no airspace violation.http://www.businessinsider.com/turkey-russia-maps-jet-shot-down-2015-11 War of the maps: Turkey released a map showing where Russia violated its airspace, and Russia countered Natasha Bertrand Business Insider 24 November 2015 24 November 2015http://mashable.com/2015/11/24/turkey-russia-plane-map/#wDGBtJ8NtOqk Maps from Russia and Turkey tell very different stories about the downed jet Huizhong Wu Mashable 24 November 2015 24 November 2015 Three days later, on 27 November, Russia published another map.Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Aerospace Forces presents facts of the attack on the Russian Su-24M aircraft carried out by the Turkish F-16 fighter in the sky over Syria on 24 November http://eng.mil.ru/en/news_page/country/more.htm?id=12066900@egNews Russian Ministry of Defence 28 November 2015 According to Turkey's statement to the UN Security Council, two aircraft, whose nationalities were unknown at the time, violated Turkish airspace up to a depth of 1.36 mi km flip on for about 17 seconds. Turkey's statement to the United Nations Security Council http://live.aljazeera.com/Event/Turkey_downs_Russian_jet/207503335 Al Jazeera 24 November 2015 en-AUPermanent Mission of Turkey to the United Nations, Ambassador 2015/10165510 http://images.scribblelive.com/2015/11/24/749f9a60-bf6e-499b-bf74-f2613eb63eed.jpg UN 24 November 2015 H.E. Mr. Matthew Ryeroft Disregarding these warnings, both aircraft, at an altitude of 19,000 feet [5,800 m], violated Turkish national airspace to a depth of 1.36 miles [2.52 km] and 1.15 miles [2.13 km] in length for 17 seconds from 0.24'.05" local time. 24 November 2015 24 November 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151124165034/http://images.scribblelive.com/2015/11/24/749f9a60-bf6e-499b-bf74-f2613eb63eed.jpg dead According to Turkish officials, the aircraft were given 10 warnings within the span of 5 minutes, by operators at a ground-controlled interception station, to change their course. Turkey later released the audio recording ("The unknown air traffic position to Humaymim 020 radial 26 miles. This is Turkish Air Force speaking on Guard. You are approaching Turkish airspace, change your heading south immediately").http://www.dha.com.tr/dusurulen-rus-ucagini-boyle-uyardi_1081232.html Düşürülen Rus uçağını böyle uyardı Dha.com.tr 29 November 2015 27 November 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151127202424/http://www.dha.com.tr/dusurulen-rus-ucagini-boyle-uyardi_1081232.html deadhttp://www.haberturk.com/gundem/haber/1158557-dusurulen-rus-ucagini-boyle-uyardi Düşürülen Rus uçağını böyle uyardı 26 November 2015 haberturk.comhttps://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34929242 Turkey releases audio of 'warning' to downed Russia jet BBC News 26 November 2015 The Russians claim there were no warnings.'Turkey gave no warning' – downed Russian pilot – rescued pilot of downed Russian Su-24 https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34925229 BBC 25 November 2015 Analysts have noted that Turkey's warnings were issued on a dedicated mutually-agreed radio channel, which was the international Guard (emergency) channel (243.0 MHz), but the R-862M radio fitted to the Su-24M is not able to monitor this channel without optional equipment, which may not have been installed.http://theaviationist.com/2015/11/27/turkish-air-force-f-16s-ambushed-the-su-24-fencer-heres-russias-version-of-the-controversial-shootdown/ "Turkish Air Force F-16s ambushed the Su-24 Fencer": here's Russia's version of the controversial shootdown David Cenciotti The Aviationist 27 November 2015 28 November 2015http://www.janes.com/article/56295/russian-su-24m-communications-equipment-blamed-for-shootdown Russian Su-24M communications equipment blamed for shootdown Reuben Johnson Janes 28 November 2015 28 November 2015 According to Turkey, one aircraft left Turkish national airspace after violating it; the other aircraft was fired upon by Turkish F-16s patrolling the area and crashed into Syrian territory after being hit in Turkish airspace. Based on its heat signature, an anonymous American official stated that the jet was hit in Syrian airspace after a short incursion into Turkey.Russian jet hit inside Syria after incursion into Turkey: U.S. official https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-turkey-impact-idUSKBN0TE04M20151125?mod=related&channelName=Aerospace Reuters 24 November 2015 On 30 November, US ambassador to NATO Douglas Lute stated that the data supported the Turkish version of events.https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-turkey-usa-idUSKBN0TJ1TN20151130#H3dm3ACU45t7oZrh.97 U.S. backs Turkey's explanation of Russian air incursion Reuters 30 November 2015 1 December 2015 According to the Russian Defence Ministry, the Su-24 was downed from an altitude of 6000 m ft within one kilometre of the Turkish border and in Syrian airspace, while returning to the Khmeimim airbase in Syria. Russia has maintained that the aircraft never left Syrian territory. The Russian Defence Ministry confirmed the aircraft was an Su-24 but said that it had proof the jet was within Syrian airspace. According to the commander-in-chief of the Russian Aerospace Forces, Viktor Bondarev, a Turkish F-16 entered Syria's airspace for 40 seconds and flew 2 km mi on inside Syrian territory, and the Russian warplane did not violate the Turkish border.http://tass.ru/en/defense/840016 TASS: Military & Defense – Turkey's F-16 that downed Russian bomber was in Syrian airspace for 40 seconds – commander TASS 29 November 2015 30 November 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151130032926/http://tass.ru/en/defense/840016 dead Casualties thumb|Repatriation of Oleg Peshkov's body at Chkalovsky Airport, 30 November 2015 Both pilots ejected after the aircraft was hit. Initially, the deputy commander of a Turkmen Syrian opposition rebel brigade in Syria, Alparslan Çelik (a Turkish citizen and member of the Grey Wolves ultra-nationalist groupGrey Wolves Facist Killed Russian Pilot – Turkmen Brigade murderer a Turkish citizen with far-right links MorningStar 27 November 2015MHP'li eski başkanın oğlu savaşmak için Irak'a gitti http://www.cnnturk.com/fotogaleri/turkiye/mhpli-eski-baskanin-oglu-savasmak-icin-iraka-gitti?page=1 CNN Turk 9 September 2014), claimed his forces had shot dead the two pilots as they descended with parachutes,http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-mideast-crisis-syria-turkey-idUKKBN0TD0IS20151124 https://web.archive.org/web/20160307033551/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-mideast-crisis-syria-turkey-idUKKBN0TD0IS20151124 dead 7 March 2016 Turkey downs Russian warplane near Syria border, Putin warns of 'serious consequences' Reuters UK 24 November 2015 and in a film a person could be heard in the background repeatedly shouting "Stop shooting!" in Turkish as the parachutists descended.http://bnonews.com/news/index.php/news/id2721 Russian pilots 'shot dead' as they parachuted from plane – rebels BNO News 3 December 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151127202809/http://bnonews.com/news/index.php/news/id2721 27 November 2015 dead A Turkish official reported that he believed both were alive.Masi Alessandria Syrian Rebels, Turkmen Brigades Claim To Have Russian Pilots Ejected From Jet Downed By Turkey http://www.ibtimes.com/syrian-rebels-turkmen-brigades-claim-have-russian-pilots-ejected-jet-downed-turkey-2197744 25 November 2015 International Business Times 24 November 2015 It was also reported that one of the pilots had been captured by the Turkmen fighters and a video was circulated which allegedly showed the pilot's body.http://www.9news.com.au/world/2015/11/25/00/33/syria-rebel-video-shows-russian-pilot Syria rebel video 'shows Russian pilot' 9news 24 November 2015 Russia's military general staff spokesman Lieutenant General Sergei Rudskoi confirmed that one pilot, Lieutenant Colonel Oleg Anatolyevich Peshkov, was killed by ground fire;Nato meets as Russia confirms one of two pilots dead after jet shot down – as it happened https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2015/nov/24/russian-jet-downed-by-turkish-planes-near-syrian-border-live-updates 24 November 2015 The GuardianThe Latest: Russia pilot killed by groundfire in Syria http://bigstory.ap.org/article/b27e9efac9ee404385e5d45cafb76489/latest-rebel-video-purports-show-russian-pilot 28 November 2015 Associated Press 28 November 2015 27 November 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151127152632/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/b27e9efac9ee404385e5d45cafb76489/latest-rebel-video-purports-show-russian-pilot dead the weapons systems operator was rescued.MacFarquhar Neil Navigator Rescued After Turkey Shot Down Warplane, Russia Says https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/26/world/europe/turkey-russia-jet.html 25 November 2015 The New York Times 25 November 2015 The shooting of an ejecting aircraft pilot is in contravention of Article 42 of the 1977 Protocol I of the Geneva Conventions,http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/turkey-shoots-down-military-plane-syria-border-media-1973658689 Turkey downs Russian plane for 'violating airspace' Middle East Eye 25 November 2015 yet, Protocol I applies only to interstate armed conflict (i.e., fighting between opposing states) and no international humanitarian law prohibited such practice in a non-interstate conflict (i.e., fighting between state forces and non-state armed groups). In other words, while shooting down the Russian Sukhoi Su-24 by Turkey fell under the context of interstate conflict, the killing of the parachuting pilot was caused by a non-state armed group and therefore fell under the context of non-interstate conflict.Operation Aleppo: Russia's War in Syria Tim Ripley 75 2018 Telic-Herrick Publications 9-7809-9294-5824 The pilot of the Su-24, Oleg Peshkov, 45, was posthumously awarded the Hero of the Russian Federation, the country's highest military honour; the surviving weapons systems officer, Konstantin Murakhtin, and the deceased rescuer, Alexander Pozynich, 29, received the Order of Courage.http://tass.ru/politika/2469899 Путин подписал указ о награждении экипажей Су-24М и поискового вертолета Putin signed a decree awarding the crews of Su-24M and a search helicopter Russian News Agency TASS ru 25 November 2015 25 November 2015 On 2 December Peshkov was buried with full military honours in the Alley of Heroes of the cemetery in Lipetsk with about 10,000 people attending.https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-russia-turkey-pilot-idUSKBN0TL1KE20151203 Pilot of Russian plane downed by Turkey buried with military honors Reuters 2 December 2015 8 December 2015http://www.pravmir.com/10-000-compatriots-prayed-in-lipetsk-at-the-requiem-service-for-the-pilot-killed-in-syria 10,000 compatriots prayed in Lipetsk at the requiem service for the pilot killed in Syria 2 December 2015 8 December 2015http://www.pravoslavie.ru/english/88390.htm More Than 10,000 People Came To Pay Last Respects To Hero of Russia, Oleg Peshkov pravoslavie.ru 3 December 2015 8 December 2015 Search and rescue The Turkish state-owned Anadolu Agency showed video footage of the aircraft crashing and the two pilots parachuting down. Russian helicopters conducted low-altitude combat search and rescue flights in the area to look for the pilot.November 2020 Two Mil Mi-8 helicopters were sent to find and recover the pilots from the crash site. One of the helicopters was damaged by small-arms fire from Syrian Turkmen Brigade militants, resulting in the death of a naval infantryman, and was forced to make an emergency landing.Yeginsu Ceylan MacFarquhar Neil Turkey Shoots Down Russian Warplane Near Syrian Border https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/25/world/europe/turkey-syria-russia-military-plane.html 24 November 2015 The New York Times 24 November 2015 All the surviving crew of the helicopter were later rescued and evacuated.November 2020 The Free Syrian Army's 1st Coastal Division claimed that they subsequently destroyed the abandoned helicopter using a US-made BGM-71 TOW missile.November 2020 As the Russian Armed Forces began planning an operation to extract the pilot, the Iranian General Qasem Soleimani contacted them and proposed a joint rescue operation under his supervision. The rescue team which General Soleimani put forth consisted of eight Hezbollah special forces personnel and 18 Syrian commandos, who were trained by Iran and had firsthand knowledge of the geography of the area, with Russia providing transport, logistical support, air cover and satellite intelligence. One of the pilots, Oleg Peshkov, had been wounded and then killed by rebels after parachuting from the plane, while the other one, Konstantin Murahtin, escaped and was rescued. During the rescue mission a Russian Marine, Alexandr Pozynich, had been fatally wounded. The rescue team returned to base safely and handed over the pilot to the Syrian Army. Vladimir Putin was reportedly closely following the operation.https://www.timesofisrael.com/iran-injured-general-oversaw-daring-rescue-of-downed-russian-pilot/ Iran: Injured general oversaw daring rescue of downed Russian pilot The Times of Israel 26 November 2015 29 November 2015http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/14101664.Moscow__downed_Russian_pilot_was_rescued_by_Syrian_army/ Moscow: downed Russian pilot was rescued by Syrian army Herald Scotland 25 November 2015 29 November 2015 The body of the dead pilot was flown to Turkey and Russian officials in Ankara arranged for its repatriation to Moscow.http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/11/turkey-deliver-body-russian-pilot-moscow-151129090957855.html Al Jazeera Turkey to deliver body of Russian pilot to Moscow 29 November 2015 30 November 2015 http://tribune.com.pk/story/1001090/turkey-sends-corpse-of-shot-down-pilot-back-to-russia-reports/ Tribune Turkey sends corpse of shot down pilot back to Russia: reports 30 November 2015 30 November 2015 Aftermath Russia–Turkey relations thumbnail|Russian Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu presents President Putin with the flight data recorder of the Su-24. On 25 November, the foreign ministers of Russia and Turkey spoke for an hour by telephone, and both governments stated that day that they would not initiate a war as a result of the incident. Russian foreign minister Sergey Lavrov told journalists that his country would "seriously reevaluate" its relationship with Turkey.Bradsher Keith Range of Frustrations Reached Boil as Turkey Shot Down Russian Jet https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/26/world/europe/turkey-russia-fighter-jet.html 26 November 2015 The New York Times 25 November 2015AFP No war with Turkey over 'planned provocation' jet downing: Lavrov https://au.news.yahoo.com/world/a/30196939/russia-does-not-plan-to-go-to-war-with-turkey-foreign-minister/ https://web.archive.org/web/20151126171159/https://au.news.yahoo.com/world/a/30196939/russia-does-not-plan-to-go-to-war-with-turkey-foreign-minister/ 26 November 2015 26 November 2015 Yahoo7 News 25 November 2015Rainsford Sarah Russia sends clear message to Turkey: Don't try it again https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34925823 26 November 2015 BBC News 25 November 2015 The Russian Defence Ministry broke off military contacts with the Turkish Armed Forces and Russian defence officials said that future airstrikes in Syria would be escorted by fighters.https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-34917485 Turkey Russia jet: Marine killed in pilot rescue bid BBC News 24 November 2015 24 November 2015 According to the Russian Minister of Defence Sergei Shoigu, Russia would deploy S-400 surface-to-air missile systems to Khmeimim airbase in Syria, where the Russian Aerospace Forces group was stationed.https://news.yahoo.com/russian-pilot-rescued-syrian-commando-unit-101718676.html# Putin sends air-defense missiles to Syria to deter Turkey Associated Press 25 November 2015 25 November 2015 Reactions Involved parties A few hours after the incident, Russian president Vladimir Putin spoke from Sochi, where he was meeting with King Abdullah II of Jordan, saying that it was a "stab in the back by terrorist accomplices",https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-34913173 Turkey downing of Russia jet 'stab in the back' – Putin BBC News 24 November 2015 that Russia would not put up with attacks like this one and that Russia–Turkey relations would be affected. Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov was due to visit Turkey the next day, and Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan had scheduled a visit to Russia later in the year.http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report-turkey-shoots-down-russian-warplane-will-vladimir-putin-react-adversely-2148533 Turkey shoots down Russian warplane – will Vladimir Putin react adversely? 24 November 2015 DNA 24 November 2015https://www.deccanchronicle.com/151124/world-europe/article/turkey-shoots-down-military-plane-syria-border One Russian pilot of downed jet dead, second missing, NATO calls for emergency meet Deccan Chronicle 24 November 2015 24 November 2015http://www.balkanews.org/index.php/2015/11/24/turkey-says-it-shot-down-russian-warplane-near-syrian-border/ Turkey says it shot down Russian warplane near Syrian border 24 November 2015 24 November 2015September 2018 InternetArchiveBot yes Lavrov cancelled his trip after the incident. Lieutenant General Sergey Rudskoi said that forces threatening Russia would be targeted.November 2020 Protesters pelted the Turkish embassy in Russia with eggs before police cleared the area.https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/russian-protesters-pelt-turkish-embassy-in-moscow-with-eggs-and-smash-windows-after-jet-downed-a6748326.html https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/russian-protesters-pelt-turkish-embassy-in-moscow-with-eggs-and-smash-windows-after-jet-downed-a6748326.html 1 May 2022 subscription live Russian protesters pelt Turkish embassy in Moscow with eggs and smash windows after jet downed Lizzie Dearden 25 November 2015 The Independent On 26 November, Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev announced broad economic sanctions against Turkey that would affect their joint investment projects,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34933608 Russia 'plans sanctions' against Turkey over jet downing BBC News 26 November 2015 26 November 2015 including the possible shelving of a multibillion-dollar deal to build Turkish Stream gas pipeline through Turkey.https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/27/world/europe/russia-turkey-plane-downing.html Kremlin Cutting Economic Links With the Turks Neil MacFarquhar The New York Times 26 November 2015 26 November 2015 Chechen leader Ramzan Kadyrov said that Turkey would regret its actions.https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/ramzan-kadyrov-turkey-russia-instagram-a6747666.html https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/ramzan-kadyrov-turkey-russia-instagram-a6747666.html 1 May 2022 subscription Moscow-backed warlord Ramzan Kadyrov says Turkey will 'regret what it has done for a long time' after Russian plane shot down Doug Bolton 25 November 2015 The Independent Putin accused Turkey of helping ISIL in the illegal oil trade, saying that funds from the sale of oil were used to support terrorists.https://news.yahoo.com/jet-downing-threaten-not-derail-220255631.html Will Putin Use the Energy Weapon Against Turkey? 24 November 2015 Yahoo News The Russian Air Force had recently started bombing the oil tankers en route to other countries, including Turkey, and the infrastructure for processing and storage of crude oil.http://www.cbsnews.com/news/russian-airstrikes-blast-isis-oil-facilities-in-syria/ Russian airstrikes blast ISIS oil facilities in Syria 20 November 2015 CBS NewsIs Vladimir Putin right to label Turkey 'accomplices of terrorists'? https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/24/vladimir-putin-turkey-isis-terrorists-warplane-analysis The Guardian 24 November 2015 Putin later claimed that the Turkish shoot-down was an "ambush" that had been prepared in advance.http://www.middleeasteye.net/columns/real-turkeys-shoot-down-russian-jet-1615790737 The real reason for Turkey's shoot-down of the Russian jet Middle East Eye A bill making denial of the Armenian genocide illegal has been introduced in the Russian State Duma.https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-armenia-genocide-accountability/27387944.html Russian Lawmakers Propose Bill on Accountability For Armenia Genocide Denial Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty 28 November 2015 Syrian Information Minister Omran al-Zoubi said the shooting would be added to the criminal record of insurgent groups fighting in the country and of those countries that were financing and arming them; he mentioned Turkey, Saudi Arabia and Qatar as the strongest such backers. Erdoğan pointed out that Turkey had the right to defend its airspace. He said worse incidents have not taken place in the past because of Turkey's restraint. He also stressed that Turkey's actions were fully in line with the new rules of engagement adopted after Syria shot down a Turkish jet in 2012. Turkish prime minister Ahmet Davutoğlu defended the action saying Turkey has the right to defend itself against border violations, but that it did not amount to an aggression against any foreign territory and the country called for NATO to hold an extraordinary meeting later in the day.NATO calls 'extraordinary meeting' after Turkey downs Russian jet http://tribune.com.pk/story/997532/nato-calls-extraordinary-meeting-after-turkey-downs-russian-jet/ 24 November 2015 The Express Tribune Agence France-Presse 24 November 2015 He further called for working towards solving the crisis in Syria. Davutoğlu also said that attacks on Turkmen could not be legitimised under the justification of attacking ISIL. Turkey's ambassador to the United States, Serdar Kilic, asked for Turkey's warnings to be taken seriously.Melvin, Martinez & Zeynep Don, Michael & Bilginsoy Putin calls jet's downing 'stab in the back'; Turkey says warning ignored http://www.cnn.com/2015/11/24/middleeast/warplane-crashes-near-syria-turkey-border/ CNN 24 November 2015 Davutoglu said Turkey would cooperate but did not offer an apology.November 2020 Dozens of protesters were reported outside the Russian consulate in Istanbul demonstrating against Russian military operations in the Turkmen-populated areas of Syria. Russian president Putin issued a decree within hours of Turkey's statement which placed a ban on trade of some goods, forbade extensions of labour contracts for Turks working in Russia as of 1 January 2016, ended chartered flights from Russia to Turkey, disallowed Russian tourism companies from selling holiday packages with a stay in Turkey, and called for ending visa-free travel between Russia and Turkey, while ordering tighter control over Turkish air carriers in Russia, using security as a justification.https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/29/world/europe/russia-places-sanctions-on-turkey.html?ribbon-ad-idx=5&rref=homepage&module=Ribbon&version=origin&region=Header&action=click&contentCollection=Home%20Page&pgtype=article Russia Places Sanctions on Turkey Associated Press The New York Times 28 November 2015 28 November 2015 Russia started bombarding rebels – including Turkmen insurgents – in Latakia, ignoring demands made by Turkey over the previous week to end its military operations close to the Turkish border.http://www.businessinsider.com/russia-turkey-downed-jet-2015-11 Russia is already exacting its revenge on Turkey for downing a Russian warplane Natasha Bertrand Business Insider Inc. 25 November 2015 A Turkmen commander said missiles fired from Russian warships in the Mediterranean were also hitting the area.https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-latakia-idUSKBN0TE1FN20151125#jpDZv7fEddRAzRga.97 Russia bombards Syrian rebels near site of downed Russian jet Reuters 25 November 2015 28 November 2015 Russian Defence Ministry spokesman Igor Konashenkov said that as soon as the pilot was rescued the groups responsible for the attack had been killed by Russian bombing and Syrian government rocket artillery.November 2020 A Turkish supply convoy, reportedly carrying small arms, machine-guns and ammunition, was bombed by what is believed to have been Russian airstrikes in the northwestern town of Azaz, in north-western Syria. Claimed as an aid convoy by the Turks, no organization has as yet confirmed that the convoy belonged to them. At least seven people died and ten people were injured as around 20 trucks went up in flames.November 2020 Turkish state-run Anadolu Agency accused Russia of supporting the Kurdish YPG, PYD and Syrian Democratic Forces.http://www.aa.com.tr/en/turkey/russian-support-for-pkks-syrian-arm-pyd-/482307 Russian support for PKK's Syrian arm PYD Anadolu Agency 27 November 2015 On 25 November – the day after the jet was shot down, a Russian lawmaker, Sergei Mironov, introduced a bill to the Russian parliament that would criminalize the denial of the Armenian genocide, Russian deputies seek accountability for Armenia genocide denial https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-armenia-russia-bill-idUSKBN0TE1WL20151125 Reuters 25 November 2015 7 December 2015 a political move that Turkey has strongly opposed when countries like France and Greece adopted similar laws. Greece: Third Country to Criminalize Denial of the Armenian Genocide http://asbarez.com/127003/greece-third-country-to-criminalize-denial-of-the-armenian-genocide/ Asbarez.com 16 September 2014 7 December 2015 en-US On 26 November, Russia deployed the guided missile cruiser Moskva armed with S-300F (SA-N-6 Grumble) long-range SAM missiles positioned off Latakia, off the Syrian coast and S-400 (SA-21 Growler) mobile SAM systems to Khmeimim airbase.https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/1.688640 Russia Deploys S-400 Anti-aircraft System in Syria Haaretz.com 19 October 2017 16 August 2025 https://web.archive.org/web/20171019160159/https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/1.688640 dead The Russian military warned it would shoot down any aerial target that posed a threat to its planes.https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2015/11/28/turkish-president-says-wishes-plane-downing-had-not-happened/76491142/ Kremlin hits Turkey with sanctions over shoot down of Russian warplane 28 November 2015 USA TODAY On 26 November, the Russian Ministry of Defence broke off contact with the Turkish military. All existing channels of communication between the two sides have been shut down, the ministry said.https://www.stratfor.com/situation-report/russia-turkey-military-contacts-broken-moscow-says Russia, Turkey: Military Contacts Broken Off, Moscow Says Stratfor On 27 November, Russia announced that it had also suspended its participation in joint Black Sea naval drills indefinitely. The Russian navy's envoy in charge of coordinating the actions of Russia's Black Sea Fleet with the Turkish navy has reportedly been recalled. On 27 November, Russian foreign minister Sergey Lavrov announced that Moscow will halt the existing visa-free regime starting on 1 January, saying that Turkey has become a conduit for terrorists and has been reluctant to share information with Moscow about Russian citizens accused of involvement in terrorist activities.http://chronicledaily.com/2015/11/28/russian-federation-ends-visa-free-travel-regime-with-turkey/ Russian Federation ends visa-free travel regime with Turkey Chronicle Daily David Chambers 28 November 2015 1 December 2015September 2018 InternetArchiveBot yes On 28 November, Russian president Vladimir Putin signed a decree imposing economic sanctions against Turkey. The decree, which came into force immediately, banned charter flights from Russia to Turkey, prevented tour firms selling holidays there, and outlawed some Turkish imports, and halted or curbed the economic activities of Turkish firms and nationals.https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-turkey-russia-kremlin-idUSKBN0TH0H720151129 Putin, citing national security, signs Turkey sanctions decree Reuters Andrew Osborn Polina Devitt 28 November 2015 1 December 2015 On 2 December, Russian Deputy Defence Minister Anatoly Antonov said in a media briefing with foreign journalists that Turkey was the biggest buyer of "stolen" oil from Syria and Iraq and accused the family of Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan of being directly involved in the trade of petroleum with the Islamic State group.https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-34982951 Syria conflict: Russia accuses Erdogan of trading oil with IS bbc 2 December 2015 3 December 2015 On 3 December, Putin referred to the incident during his annual state of the nation speech.Al Jazeera: "Putin: Turkey will regret downing jet 'more than once'". The Politicon, 3 December 2015 At his annual press conference on 17 December 2015, when asked about a third-party involvement in the current Russian-Turkish relations deteriorated by the shootdown of Russian Su-24, Vladimir Putin remarked "...if someone in the Turkish government decided to lick the Americans in a certain place, well I don't know then, was that the right decision or not?".http://thepoliticon.net/analytics/227-velikiy-lider-velikaya-kultura.html Velikiy lider. Velikaya kultura. Huseynov Rusif 24 December 2015 The Politicon https://web.archive.org/web/20171009224841/http://thepoliticon.net/analytics/227-velikiy-lider-velikaya-kultura.html 9 October 2017 dead On 23 December, Selahattin Demirtaş, co-leader of Turkey's pro-Kurdish Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP), criticized Ankara's stance regarding a Russian jet shot down by Turkey.http://in.reuters.com/article/mideast-crisis-russia-turkey-idINKBN0U615C20151223 Russia hosts pro-Kurdish Turkish politician who condemns Ankara Reuters 23 December 2015 1 January 2016 24 December 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151224195024/http://in.reuters.com/article/mideast-crisis-russia-turkey-idINKBN0U615C20151223 dead On 27 December, the Turkish newspaper Hurriyet published an interview with Alparslan Çelik who spoke about the downing. TASS reported that the Turkish militant had fought in Syria for two years. The Russian foreign ministry expressed surprise and indignation that a major Turkish newspaper had given floor to the "murderer and terrorist... filled with hatred towards Russia and the Russian people." On 30 December, the Russian foreign ministry called for Ankara to arrest Çelik.http://tass.ru/en/politics/847949 Russia demands Turkey take measures to capture militant who shot dead Russian pilot – Turkish media published an interview with the militant who shot dead a Russian pilot TASS 23 December 2015https://www.timesofisrael.com/moscow-demands-rebels-arrest-for-murder-of-downed-russian-pilot Moscow demands rebel's arrest for 'murder' of downed Russian pilot Times of Israel 30 December 2015 In June 2016, Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan sent a letter, on the recommendation of Farkhad AkhmedovTurkish FM: 'My friends Kamaladdin Heydarov and Farhad Ahmedov reconciled us with Russia' http://azeridaily.com/news/23114 2022-03-09 azeridaily.com 19 November 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20211119201140/http://azeridaily.com/news/23114 dead to Russian president Vladimir Putin expressing sympathy and 'deep condolences' to the family of the victims. An investigation was also reopened into the suspected Turkish military personnel involved in the incident.Erdogan 'sorry' for downing of Russian jet http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/06/turkey-erdogan-russian-jet-160627131324044.html al-jazeera 28 June 2016 Three weeks later (in the meantime, there had been a coup d'état attempt against him), Erdoğan announced in an interview that the two Turkish pilots who downed Russian aircraft were arrested on suspicion that they have links to the Gülen movement, and that a court should find out "the truth".http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com 21 July 2016 By doing so, Turkish government aimed to cast aspersions on the movement, a conspiracy theory implying that the organization was behind all the troubles Turkey was facing.Taş Hakkı 2018-01-02 The 15 July abortive coup and post-truth politics in Turkey Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 18 1 1–19 10.1080/14683857.2018.1452374 158561438 1468-3857 free International organizations European Union: President of the European Council Donald Tusk called upon Turkey and Russia to stay calm; he was supported by the High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs Federica Mogherini, following her meeting with Secretary General of NATO Jens Stoltenberg, who urged both parties to avoid escalation.http://www.ngrguardiannews.com/2015/11/eus-tusk-urges-all-to-stay-cool-headed-after-russian-jet-downed/ Lagos, Nigeria EU's Tusk urges all to stay 'cool headed' after Russian jet downed 24 November 2015 24 November 2015 The Guardianhttp://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/203875 EU cautions Russia, Turkey to stay 'calm' 24 November 2015 Arutz Sheva 24 November 2015 NATO: Secretary General of NATO Jens Stoltenberg backed Turkey's assessment of the engagement, offered solidarity with Turkey, and called for both sides to de-escalate the situation.Statement by the NATO Secretary General after the extraordinary NAC meeting http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/news_125052.htm NATO 24 November 2015 Countries Armenia: Defence Minister Seyran Ohanian said it was a blow to efforts to fight terrorism.http://www.azatutyun.am/content/article/27386412.html/ Armenia Condemns Turkey's Downing of Russian Jet Azatutyun.am 25 November 2015 27 November 2015 Harutyunyan Sargis Australia: Foreign Minister Julie Bishop said that it was important the incident did not lead to an escalation of conflict "in a highly charged regional situation". https://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/australia-urges-restraint-after-russian-fighter-jet-shot-down-near-turkeysyria-border-20151124-gl787m.html Australia-urges-restraint-after-russian-fighter-jet-shot-down-near-turkey-syria-border smh.com.au 25 November 2015 2 December 2015 Azerbaijan: President Ilham Aliyev said that Azerbaijan was ready to make efforts to reduce and eliminate tension in Turkish-Russian relations.http://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/2462052.html President Aliyev: Azerbaijan ready to make efforts to reduce and eliminate tension in Turkish-Russian relations trend.az 27 November 2015 30 November 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151212185957/http://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/2462052.html 12 December 2015 dead Cyprus: The office of President Nicos Anastasiades stated that the shootdown would undermine efforts to fight terrorism.http://famagusta-gazette.com/cyprus-downing-of-russian-fighter-a-blow-to-efforts-to-combat-terrorism-p31133-69.htm Cyprus: Downing of Russian fighter a blow to efforts to combat terrorism famagusta-gazette.com 27 November 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151126145755/http://famagusta-gazette.com/cyprus-downing-of-russian-fighter-a-blow-to-efforts-to-combat-terrorism-p31133-69.htm 26 November 2015 dead Czech Republic: President Miloš Zeman said Turkey's attack on the jet again fuels previously-raised suspicions that Ankara is supporting the terrorists in Syria.November 2020 Prime Minister Bohuslav Sobotka and Foreign Minister Lubomír Zaorálek called for better co-ordination among those fighting in the region.http://www.newindianexpress.com/world/Russian-Foreign-Minister-Cancels-Visit-to-Turkey/2015/11/24/article3144752.ece https://web.archive.org/web/20151125064009/http://www.newindianexpress.com/world/Russian-Foreign-Minister-Cancels-Visit-to-Turkey/2015/11/24/article3144752.ece dead 25 November 2015 Russian Foreign Minister Cancels Visit to Turkey The New Indian Express 24 November 2015 25 November 2015 France: President François Hollande called the plane incident "a serious one" and said that Turkey is providing information to NATO to investigate the circumstances. He also called for the prevention of any escalation of the situation. Georgia: Defence Minister Tinatin Khidasheli said that Turkey has every right to respond to airspace violations by Russia. She said that Russia had deliberately violated the airspace of NATO and EU member states in recent months, despite repeated warnings. She also noted that Turkey is an important and respected partner and player in today's world. Georgia backs Turkey over Russia warplane incident – World Bulletin http://www.worldbulletin.net/headlines/166812/georgia-backs-turkey-over-russia-warplane-incident https://web.archive.org/web/20151203090314/http://www.worldbulletin.net/headlines/166812/georgia-backs-turkey-over-russia-warplane-incident usurped 3 December 2015 World Bulletin 28 November 2015 Germany: Chancellor Angela Merkel said that countries have the right to defend their airspace, but the event took place against a context of tension, and that she had spoken to the Turkish prime minister in an effort to promote calm. Merkel says downing of Russian plane has complicated Syria solution http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-mideast-crisis-turkey-germany-idUKKBN0TE0SN20151125 https://web.archive.org/web/20151208203801/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-mideast-crisis-turkey-germany-idUKKBN0TE0SN20151125 dead 8 December 2015 Reuters UK 27 November 2015 en-GB German Vice-Chancellor Sigmar Gabriel called Turkish actions unpredictable.http://www.fr-online.de/syrien/su-24-abschuss-sigmar-gabriel-nennt-tuerkei--unkalkulierbar--,24136514,32493462.html Sigmar Gabriel nennt Türkei "unkalkulierbar" de Sigmar Gabriel called Turkey "unpredictable" Frankfurter Rundschau 24 November 2015 25 November 2015 Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier called for "prudence and common sense" in response to the incident and that Syria peace talks in Vienna should not be derailed.Germany's Steinmeier urges Russia and Turkey to show restraint http://www.dw.com/en/germanys-steinmeier-urges-russia-and-turkey-to-show-restraint/a-18873822 DW DW Greece: Greek Foreign Minister Nikos Kotzias expressed solidarity with Russia in a phone conversation with his Russian counterpart Sergey Lavrov.November 2020 Greeks, also stated that Turkey violated Greek airspace almost daily.http://www.theweek.co.uk/67305/turkey-violated-greek-airspace-more-than-2000-times-last-year Turkey violated Greek airspace more than 2,000 times last year The Week 27 November 2015 Iran: President Rouhani said the governments of Russia and Turkey should investigate the circumstances and avoid repetition.July 2021 Mohammad Javad Zarif, Iranian Foreign Minister, said the recent escalation of tensions between the two nations over Turkey's downing of a Russian jet can be settled through mutual discretion and prudence.July 2021 General Yahya Rahim Safavi, a revolutionary guards adviser to the Supreme Leader of Iran, said Turkey had committed a "tactical mistake".July 2021 Iraq: Vice President Nouri al-Maliki accused Turkey of hypocrisy, saying that "Turkey's planes violate Iraqi and Syrian airspace every day".Turkey risks sparking world war, says Iraq's Maliki Yahoo News 26 November 2015 https://news.yahoo.com/turkey-risks-sparking-world-war-says-iraqs-maliki-113845036.html Kazakhstan: Kazakhstan Foreign Ministry urged both countries to show restraint.http://www.inform.kz/eng/article/2843038 Kazakh MFA releases statement on downed Russian SU-24M jet Inform.kz 3 December 2015 8 December 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151208124443/http://www.inform.kz/eng/article/2843038 dead President Nazarbayev said that the plane was in a war against terrorists.Catherine Putz, The Diplomat https://thediplomat.com/2015/12/whats-kazakhstan-role-in-calming-russia-turkey-tensions/ What's Kazakhstan Role in Calming Russia-Turkey Tensions? The Diplomat 3 December 2015 Latvia: Minister of Defence Raimonds Bergmanis told LNT that NATO allies are united with Turkey, who had the right to protect its airspace. He added that there is much evidence regarding breaches of Turkish airspace carried out by Russian military aircraft. Latvian MFA: shooting down of Russian warplane over Turkey will escalate tensions between NATO and Russia http://www.baltic-course.com/eng/legislation/?doc=113394 The Baltic Course Baltic States news & analytics 27 November 2015 Lithuania: Foreign Minister Linas Linkevičius supported Turkey's right to defend itself. L.Linkevičius: "Rusijos antskrydis Turkijoje nėra netikėtas" http://lietuvosdiena.lrytas.lt/aktualijos/l-linkevicius-rusijos-antskrydis-turkijoje-nera-netiketas.htm lietuvosdiena.lrytas.lt 27 November 2015 lt-LT 29 June 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190629164633/https://lietuvosdiena.lrytas.lt/aktualijos/l-linkevicius-rusijos-antskrydis-turkijoje-nera-netiketas.htm dead Pakistan: A few days later, the Foreign Office expressed concerns about the ongoing tensions between Turkey and Russia and recommended that the two countries should negotiate.Staff reporter Turkey, Russia should resolve tensions with mutual dialogue: Foreign Office http://dunyanews.tv/en/Pakistan/310259-Turkey-Russia-should-resolve-tensions-with-mutual 28 November 2015 World News World News World News, Pakistan Serbia: President Tomislav Nikolić said that the incident was the fault of Turkey and that Turkey often violated Greek and Syrian airspace adding that "now one can hardly expect aid from Turkey in the fight against terrorism".Serbian President: Turkey is guilty http://inserbia.info/today/2015/11/serbian-president-turkey-is-guilty/ 28 November 2015 Sputnik InSerbia Network Ukraine: National Security and Defence Council Secretary Oleksandr Turchynov said that the Turkish Air Force acted professionally as any civilised country should operate when its sovereign space is violated by another state's warplane. He added that Ukraine should shoot down Russian jets if they violate Ukraine's airspace too. Ukraine should down Russian jets if they violate Ukraine's airspace – Turchynov http://uatoday.tv/politics/ukraine-should-down-russian-jets-if-they-violate-ukraine-s-airspace-turchynov-540771.html uatoday.tv 27 November 2015 Ukraine bans Russian planes to transit through its airspace New Yorker Daily http://www.newyorkerdaily.net/2213/ukraine-bans-russian-planes-to-transit-through-its-airspace-36866/ www.newyorkerdaily.net 27 November 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151126131201/http://www.newyorkerdaily.net/2213/ukraine-bans-russian-planes-to-transit-through-its-airspace-36866/ 26 November 2015 dead dmy-all United Kingdom: Foreign Secretary Philip Hammond said the incident was potentially serious but also said that Turkey was an important ally of the United Kingdom and European Union. When asked by opposition Labour MP Dennis Skinner whether Turkey could still be considered an ally, Hammond said that Turkey is an important NATO ally in the context of the fight against ISIL and the migration crisis.Nato meets as Russia confirms one of two pilots dead after jet shot down – as it happened https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2015/nov/24/russian-jet-downed-by-turkish-planes-near-syrian-border-live-updates 27 November 2015 The Guardian 24 November 2015 14:12Russian jet shot down by Turkey – as it happened https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/12015505/Russian-jet-shot-down-by-Turkey-as-it-happened.html https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/12015505/Russian-jet-shot-down-by-Turkey-as-it-happened.html 12 January 2022 subscription live 27 November 2015 The Telegraph 24 November 2007 12:07 United States: President Barack Obama assured his Turkish counterpart, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, in a phone call, of support for his country's right to defend its sovereignty and that it was important to find out exactly what had happened and to prevent escalation. Department of State Spokesperson Mark Toner stated that Syrian Turkmen under attack have the right to self-defence.https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/prs/dpb/2015/11/249928.htm United States Department of State Daily Press Briefing – November 24, 2015 24 November 2015 28 November 2015 The United States announced a list of new economic sanctions on Russian and Syrian individuals and companies.Turkey shooting down plane was 'planned provocation' says Russia, as rescued pilot claims he had no warning – latest https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/12015465/Turkey-shoots-down-Russia-jet-live.html https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/12015465/Turkey-shoots-down-Russia-jet-live.html 12 January 2022 subscription live The Telegraph 26 November 2015 Financial markets The MICEX and RTS Index, and Borsa Istanbul fell over 1%. The Turkish lira also dropped following news of the shootdown,http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/international-business/Turkish-Russian-shares-fall-after-Turkey-downs-Russian-made-warplane/articleshow/49907227.cms Turkish, Russian shares fall after Turkey downs Russian-made warplane The Times of India 24 November 2015 24 November 2015 as did broader European stock markets.http://www.ticker.com/?page=market_update&id=62320 market update ticker.com 25 November 2015 See also List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft (2010–2019) 2012 Turkish F-4 Phantom shootdown Notes References 30em External links Russia Asia Aviation Turkey Syria Category:2015 in international relations Category:2015 in Turkey Category:21st-century aircraft shootdown incidents Category:Air-to-air combat operations and battles Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in 2015 Category:2015 controversies Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in Syria Category:Aviation history of Russia Category:Diplomatic incidents Category:Aviation accidents and incidents of Sukhoi aircraft Category:Latakia Governorate in the Syrian civil war Category:Military operations of the Syrian civil war in 2015 Category:Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving Turkey Category:November 2015 in Syria Category:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan controversies Category:Russia–NATO relations Category:Russia–Turkey military relations Category:Accidents and incidents involving Russian Air Force aircraft Category:Russian military intervention in the Syrian civil war Category:Turkish Air Force involvement in the Syrian civil war Category:November 2015 in Russia Category:November 2015 in Turkey Category:2015 disasters in Syria Category:2015 disasters in Turkey Category:Turkish military scandals