1999 Russian legislative election

none January 2023 Russian Federation parliamentary no 1995 Russian legislative election 1995 19 December 1999 2003 Russian legislative election 2003 All 450 seats in the State Duma 226 61.85% ( 2.53 pp) List of members of the 3rd Russian State Duma ru Список депутатов Государственной думы Российской Федерации III созыва elected members List of members of the 2nd Russian State Duma ru Список депутатов Государственной думы Российской Федерации II созыва outgoing members Gennady Zyuganov and Govorukhin in 1998 (cropped).jpg 160 120 150 5 Gennady Zyuganov Communist Party of the Russian Federation 14 February 1993 Federal list 157 seats, 22.30% 113 44 16,195,569 24.29%p Party list vote 1.99% Shoigu 2000s portrait.jpg 190 120 150 30 Sergei Shoigu Unity (Russian political party) 3 October 1999 Federal listRefused to take his seat New 73 New 15,548,707 23.32%p New Yevgeny Maksimovich Primakov 1999 (cropped).jpg 140 120 150 5 Yevgeny Primakov Fatherland – All Russia 21 August 1999 Federal list New 68 New 8,886,697 13.33%p New Sergei Kirienko - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting Davos 2000 (cropped).jpg 120 120 150 Sergey Kiriyenko Union of Right Forces 24 August 1999 Federal list New 29 New 5,676,982 8.52%p New Ba-yavlinsky-g-a-1999-june (sq, cropped).jpg 120 120 150 Grigory Yavlinsky Yabloko 16 October 1993 Federal list 45 seats, 6.89% 20 25 3,955,457 5.93%p 0.96% Vladimir Zhirinovsky 2009 portrait (cropped).jpg 160 120 150 20 Vladimir Zhirinovsky Zhirinovsky Bloc 13 December 1989 Federal list 51 seats, 11.18% 17 34 3,989,932 5.98%p 5.20% Viktor Chernomyrdin in EC July 1997 (cropped).jpg 140 120 150 5 Viktor Chernomyrdin Our Home – Russia 12 May 1995 Yamalo-Nenets 55 seats, 10.13% 7 48 791,160 1.19%p 8.94% Ilyukhin (2010-06-18).jpg 120 120 150 Viktor Ilyukhin Movement in Support of the Army 8 July 1998 Pervomaysky New 2 New 384,392 0.58%p New Кончина Его Святейщества Алексия II, 05 декабря, ХХС , Соборная встреча. Moscow, Russia - panoramio - Oleg Yu.Novikov (4).jpg 840 120 150 250 475 Sergey Baburin Russian All-People's Union 21 December 1991 Omsk Central (lost) 5 seats (inside V–N) 2 3 245,266 0.37%p – 300px Winning party by federal subject (party-list vote) 300px Winning party by municipality (party-list vote) 300px Party affiliation of constituency winners Chairman of the State Duma Gennadiy Seleznyov Communist Party of the Russian Federation Gennadiy Seleznyov Communist Party of the Russian Federation Legislative elections were held in Russia on 19 December 1999 to elect the 450 seats in the State Duma, the lower house of the Federal Assembly.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p. 1642 978-3-8329-5609-7 Like in the previous elections in 1995, the electoral system resulted in many parties competing for the proportional seats and a significant number of independent deputies elected. The Communist Party of the Russian Federation experienced major losses in the election, and for the first time since the dissolution of the Soviet Union a solid majority emerged in the State Duma that supported economic reforms towards a market economy.Aslund Anders How Russia Was Won 21 November 2002 28 December 2025 Carnegie Endowment https://carnegieendowment.org/posts/2002/11/how-russia-was-won?lang=en Analysts: Russian results boost free market 20 December 1999 28 December 2025 UPI https://www.upi.com/Archives/1999/12/20/UPI-News-AnalysisNEWLNAnalysts-Russian-results-boost-free-market/9099945666000/ The result was favorable for President Boris Yeltsin and solidified the popularity of Prime Minister Vladimir Putin ahead of the 2000 presidential election. Although the Communists still had the largest number of seats, the Unity party, endorsed by Putin, was in a close second. The Fatherland - All Russia bloc of former prime minister Yevgeny Primakov and Moscow mayor Yuri Luzhkov was in third place, followed by the Union of Right Forces, led by former prime minister Sergey Kiriyenko. Several small parties also won seats.Global Impact News Alert 20 December 1999 28 December 2025 UPI https://www.upi.com/Archives/1999/12/20/UPI-NewsAlertNEWLNGlobal-Impact-News-Alert/2959945666000/ Background Initially the Fatherland bloc, which was led by Yevgeny Primakov and Yuri Luzhkov, and was critical of President Boris Yeltsin, was leading in the polls for most of 1999. Primakov was popular because of his tenure as the prime minister from 1998 until the spring of 1999, before his dismissal by Yeltsin. However, after Vladimir Putin was appointed prime minister in August 1999, he experienced a meteoric rise in popularity due to his response to the war in the North Caucasus and improving economic conditions from higher oil prices. Putin endorsed the pro-government Unity party led by Sergei Shoigu on 24 November 1999. It also received the endorsement of Aman Tuleyev, the Communist governor of Kemerovo Oblast. By early December, Unity surpassed the Fatherland bloc in the polls and was in second place after the Communists, whose support was declining compared to previous elections.Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin UPI 8 December 1999 28 December 2025 https://www.upi.com/Archives/1999/12/08/UPI-AnalysisNEWLNRussian-Prime-Minister-Vladimir-Putin/6000944629200/ Putin backs Unity in Russian elections 24 November 1999 28 December 2025 UPI https://www.upi.com/Archives/1999/11/24/UPI-FocusNEWLNPutin-backs-Unity-in-Russian-elections/9733943419600/ Electoral system November 2024 According to the 1993 electoral law, 225 members of the house were allocated proportionally, using nationwide party lists, via the Hare method with a 5% threshold, while the other 225 members were elected in single-member constituencies, using first past the post system. To secure a place on the ballot, parties had to have registered with the Russian Ministry of Justice one year before the election (instead of six months in previous elections). As an alternative to gathering 200,000 signatures, they had the option of paying a deposit of just over two million rubles, returnable if the party won at least 3% of the list vote. In order to increase proportionality, the law provided that if parties reaching the five per cent threshold got in total 50% or less of the vote, parties with at least 3% of the vote would also win seats by declining numbers of votes up to the point at which the total share of vote exceeded 50%. However, if after this procedure the parties winning seats still had less than 50% of the vote, the election was to be deemed invalid. In the single-member district ballots, if votes cast against all exceeded the votes of each candidate, a repeat election had to be held within four months. As a result, repeat elections had to be held in eight districts. Finally, as an alternative to gathering signatures in support of their nomination, single-member district candidates were also given the option of paying a deposit of 83,490 rubles, returnable if they won at least 5% of the district vote. Political parties and blocs No. Number on ballotPositions 4 and 24 were allocated to Savior movement ("Spas") and Ecological Party "Kedr", which were later disqualified.Electoral association or blochttp://www.panorama.ru/works/vybory/bul.html Результаты жеребьевки panorama.ru ru 31 August 2025Abbr. AbbreviationLead candidatesPolitical positionIdeology 1 Conservative Movement of Russia KDR Lev Ubozhko • Vladimir Burenin • Andrey Tishkov Centre-right to right-wing Conservatism / Anti-communism 2 Russian All-People's Union ROS Sergey Baburin • Nikolay Leonov • Nikolay Pavlov Right-wing Conservatism / Right-wing populism 3 Women of Russia ZhR Alevtina Fedulova • Galina Karelova • Nina Veselova Centre Feminism / Pacifism / Welfare state 5 Stalin Bloc – For the USSRLabour Russia, Union of Officers, NPSM People's Patriotic Youth Union Viktor Anpilov • Yevgeny Dzhugashvili • Stanislav Terekhov Far-left Stalinism / Anti-revisionism / Soviet patriotism 6 Yabloko Association Yabloko Grigory Yavlinsky • Sergei Stepashin • Vladimir Lukin Centre Social liberalism / Reformism 7 Communists and Workers of Russia – for the Soviet UnionRKRP, K–TR Communists–Labour Russia–For the Soviet Union, SR Soviet Homeland movement K–TR Viktor Tyulkin • Anatoly Kryuchkov • Vladislav Aseyev Far-left Communism / Anti-revisionism 8 Peace, Labour, MayIndustrial Union, Native Fatherland May Alexander Burkov • Valery Trushnikov • Alexander Tatarkin Centre-left Left-wing populism 9 Andrei Nikolayev and Svyatoslav Fyodorov BlocSNT Union of People's Power and Labor, PST, SPT Socialist Workers Party, Union of Realists Andrei Nikolayev • Svyatoslav Fyodorov • Tatyana Malyutina Centre-left Democratic socialism / Social democracy 10 Spiritual Heritage DN Alexey Podberezkin • Pyotr Proskurin • Valery Vorotnikov Right-wing Statism / Collectivism 11 Congress of Russian Communities and Yury Boldyrev MovementKRO, Interethnic Union KRO Yury Boldyrev • Dmitry Rogozin • Viktor Glukhikh Right-wing Right-wing populism / National conservatism 12 Party of Peace and Unity PME Sazhi Umalatova • Viktor Stepanov • Nikolay Antoshkin Left-wing Communism / Internationalism / Soviet patriotism 13 Russian Party for the Protection of Women RPZZh Tatyana Roshchina • Zhanna Makhova • Irina Kremenets Centre Social liberalism / Feminism 14 Interregional Movement "Unity"NPPR People's Patriotic Party of Russia, My Family, SPSMSB Union for Support and Assistance to Small and Medium-sized Business, PS Generation of Freedom, DPND Independent Deputies Support Movement, RHDP Russian Christian Democratic Party, Prosperity MeDvEd Sergei Shoigu • Alexander Karelin • Alexander Gurov Centre-right Social conservatism / Populism 15 Social Democrats SD none Left-wing Social democracy 16 All-Russian Political Movement in Support of the Army DPA Viktor Ilyukhin • Albert Makashov • Yury Savelyev Far-left Militarism / Soviet patriotism 17 Zhirinovsky BlocPDVR Party of Russia's Spiritual Rebirth, RSSM Russian Free Youth Union LDPR Vladimir Zhirinovsky • Oleg Finko • Yegor Solomatin Right-wing Right-wing populism / Russian nationalism / Unitarism 18 For Civil Dignity ZGD Ella Pamfilova • Alexander Dondukov • Anatoly Shkirko Centre Liberalism / Human rights protection 19 Fatherland – All RussiaFatherland, All Russia, APR OVR Yevgeny Primakov • Yury Luzhkov • Vladimir Yakovlev Centre to centre-left Social liberalism / Civic nationalism 20 Communist Party of the Russian Federation CPRF Gennady Zyuganov • Gennady Seleznyov • Vasily Starodubtsev Left-wing Socialism / Left-wing populism / Left-wing nationalism 21 Patriotic Forces Movement – Russian CauseROD Russian All-People's Movement, Union of Compatriots "Fatherland", Christian Rebirth RD Oleg Ivanov • Yury Petrov • Mikhail Sidorov Right-wing National conservatism 22 All-Russian Political Party of the People VPPN Anzor Aksentyev-Kikalishvili • Tatyana Bure • Vladimir Shainsky Centre-left Populism / Social liberalism 23 Union of Right ForcesDVR, New Force, Young Russia, Lawyers for Human Rights SPS Sergey Kiriyenko • Boris Nemtsov • Irina Khakamada Centre-right to right-wing Conservative liberalism / Neoliberalism / Atlanticism 25 Our Home – Russia NDR Viktor Chernomyrdin • Vladimir Ryzhkov • Dmitry Ayatskov Centre-right Liberal conservatism 26 Socialist Party of Russia SPR Ivan Rybkin • Leonid Mayorov • Andrey Belishko Left-wing Social democracy 27 Party of Pensioners RPP Yakov Ryabov • Anatoly Kontashov • Rimma Markova Centre Pensioners interests 28 Russian Socialist Party RSP Vladimir Bryntsalov • Igor Bryntsalov • Yury Bryntsalov Right-wing Conservatism / Traditionalism Rejected lists Electoral associationAbbr. AbbreviationLead candidatesPolitical positionIdeologyNotes Liberal Democratic Party of Russia LDPR Vladimir Zhirinovsky • Anatoly Bykov • Mikhail Musatov Right-wing Right-wing populism / Russian nationalism / Unitarism On 11 October 1999 the CEC rejected the federal party list due to inaccurate data about the candidates,http://www.panorama.ru/works/vybory/party/zhir.html БЛОК ЖИРИНОВСКОГО panorama.ru ru 1 September 2025 including LDPR's no.2 Anatoly Bykov who was wanted on suspicion of money laundering.https://www.belfercenter.org/sites/default/files/legacy/files/electionbulletin10-99.doc https://web.archive.org/web/20181030090732/https://www.belfercenter.org/sites/default/files/legacy/files/electionbulletin10-99.doc 30 October 2018 RUSSIAN ELECTION WATCH No. 3, October 1999 4 www.belfercenter.org Harvard University (John F. Kennedy School of Government) Savior Spas Alexander Barkashov • Vladimir Davidenko • Dmitry Belik Far-right Russian nationalism / Antisemitism / Anti-immigrant sentiment Affiliated with the Russian National Unity, Savior movement was registered with the CEC on 2 November 1999 and received ballot number 4. It was disqualified from the election on 25 November after some of its regional chapters were found existing only on paper.http://www.panorama.ru/works/vybory/party/spas.html Спас panorama.ru ru 1 September 2025Belin Laura Commission Excludes Nationalist Movement From Ballot / Russian Election Report No.4 http://www.rferl.org/elections/russia99report/1999/11/04-261199.html RFE/RL https://web.archive.org/web/20010220013802/http://www.rferl.org/elections/russia99report/1999/11/04-261199.html 20 February 2001 en 26 November 1999 Ecological Party of Russia "Kedr" KEDR Anatoly Panfilov • Vladimir Petrov • Ivan Okhlobystin Centre Green politics Registered with the CEC on 3 November 1999, receiving ballot number 24. Disqualified on 10 December after two of its top-three candidates withdrew from election.http://www.panorama.ru/works/vybory/party/kedr.html КЕДР panorama.ru ru 1 September 2025 Russian Party RP Vladimir Miloserdov • Galina Chubkova • Valery Luzgin Far-right Ultranationalism / Russian irredentism Did not submit signatures to the CEC before deadline or pay an election deposit.http://www.panorama.ru/works/vybory/blocks.html#rp Выборы, блоки, партии. Избирательное объединение "Русская партия" panorama.ru ru 1 September 2025 Russian Patriotic Popular Movement RPND Aleksandr Fyodorov • Aleksandr Kravchuk • Aleksey Vedenkin Far-right Russian nationalism Did not submit signatures to the CEC before deadline or pay an election deposit.http://www.panorama.ru/works/vybory/blocks.html#rpnd Выборы, блоки, партии. Избирательное объединение "Российское патриотическое народное движение" panorama.ru ru 2 September 2025 Russian Conservative Party of Entrepreneurs RKPP Mikhail Toporkov • Yuri Antonov • Viktor Gokinayev Right-wing Conservatism Registration denied after one of top-three candidates was recalled by the party.http://www.panorama.ru/works/vybory/blocks.html#rkpp Выборы, блоки, партии. Избирательное объединение "Российская консервативная партия предпринимателей" panorama.ru ru 2 September 2025 Campaign thumb|right|Liberal Democratic nominee Vladimir Zhirinovsky campaigning for his party The early election campaign saw the initial surge in popularity of Fatherland-All Russia bloc, led by the Moscow mayor Yuri Luzhkov and the former Prime Minister Yevgeny Primakov, which tried to capitalize upon the perceived incapacity of President Boris Yeltsin and the weakness of his administration. The tide had turned on 9 August 1999 when Yeltsin designated Vladimir Putin as Prime Minister and his eventual successor. On 24 November, Putin announced that "as a citizen" he will support the recently formed pro-government bloc Interregional Movement "Unity", headed by General Sergei Shoigu, a member of all Russian governments since 1994. Opinion polls thumb|800px|centre Polling firmFieldwork dateCPRF UnityOVRFatherland before August 1999.SPSRight Cause coalition (Boris Nemtsov etc.) in February–March 1999 FOM polls, summary of Right Cause and New Force (Sergey Kiriyenko) in April–August 1999 FOM polls.LDPRNDRYablokoNRPRLead VCIOMhttp://www.panorama.ru/works/vybory/reitings/svod.html Сводный рейтинг panorama.ru ru 27 August 2025 12 Dec 24 21 12 7 4 83 FOM 12 Dec 21 16 9 5 5 1 75 ROMIR 10-12 Dec 17 17 9 7 5 7 Tie ARPI 10-12 Dec 20.8 14.7 11.6 6.5 4.4 96.1 FOMhttp://ri.aha.ru/cgi-bin/f4m.pl?arch=n33_34&m=m31 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20010426144804/http://ri.aha.ru/cgi-bin/f4m.pl?arch=n33_34&m=m31 26 April 2001 «Медведь»-шатун Семен Томский Российский избиратель 33-34 December 1999 ru 27–28 Nov 21 14 10 4 4 8 7 24 Nov Vladimir Putin endorses Unity bloc FOMhttp://www.fom.ru/week/wd_13.htm ФОМ №75 Партии в динамике dead https://web.archive.org/web/19991127091449/http://www.fom.ru/week/wd_13.htm 27 November 1999 FOM ru 20-21 Nov 29.1 11.1 15.2 6.9 5.5 1.3 11.110 FOM 13-14 Nov 30.1 10.9 19.1 5.4 5.4 2.7 10.98 FOM 6-7 Nov 27.3 10.9 21.9 5.4 5.4 4.1 12.34 FOM 30-31 Oct 25.9 9.0 22.0 3.8 5.1 2.5 12.93 11 Oct CEC forces LDPR to re-register as "Zhirinovsky Bloc" ARPIhttp://www.panorama.ru/works/vybory/reitings/arpi.html Рейтинг от АРПИ panorama.ru ru 27 August 2025 4-10 Oct 30 25 7 5 195 FOMhttp://classic.fom.ru/week/t1066_1.htm dead https://web.archive.org/web/20010227205459/http://classic.fom.ru/week/t1066_1.htm 27 February 2001 ФОМ №66 Тематические опросы FOM ru 18-19 Sep 2129 2 3 2 10 48 4–16 Sep Russian apartment bombings FOM 4-5 Sep 2023 2 5 1 12 43 FOM 21–22 Aug 2127 3 5 1 8 46 9 Aug Vladimir Putin appointed prime minister FOM 24-25 Jul 23 15 5 6 2 11 58 ROMIRhttp://www.romir.ru/eng/socpolit/rating/parl1.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20040131162559/http://www.romir.ru/eng/socpolit/rating/parl1.htm en 31 January 2004 Which Party/Movement/Bloc Would You Vote For, If The Election To The State Duma Were Held Tomorrow? (November 1998 – July 1999) ROMIR 5–15 Jul 22.5 13 3.2 4.7 3.9 13.5 2.69 FOM 26-27 Jun 22 15 3 6 2 11 57 ROMIR 5–15 Jun 21.9 17.2 5.7 4.9 3.7 12.2 7.64.7 FOM 29–30 May 24 16 2 7 2 13 58 15 May Impeachment attempt of Boris Yeltsin fails in the State Duma 12 May Sergey Stepashin appointed prime minister ROMIR 5–15 May 23.6 13.5 1.3 5.4 3.2 13.4 410.1 FOM 24-25 Apr 23 13 3 5 3 15 48 ROMIR 5–15 Apr 23.4 11.3 3.6 6.6 3.4 15.7 6.17.7 FOM 27-28 Mar 24 13 2 5 2 14 510 24 Mar PM Primakov cancels visit to the US over Yugoslavia bombings ROMIR 5–15 Mar 25.5 9.6 0.9 5.2 2.2 13.7 4.411.8 FOM 27-28 Feb 26 16 3 4 2 11 510 ROMIR 5–15 Feb 23.1 10.6 1 4.7 2.3 11.9 511.2 ROMIR 5–15 Jan 1999 22.8 13.6 0.9 3.7 2.5 13.3 4.59.2 ROMIR 5–15 Nov 1998 25.1 1.1 3.5 3.6 12.7 8.312.4FOMhttp://www.fom.ru/fominfo/info187.htm#2 https://web.archive.org/web/19980116111043/http://www.fom.ru/fominfo/info187.htm#2 Кто стал бы заседать в Думе в случае внеочередных выборов? / ФОМ-ИНФО № 43 (187) 30 October 1997 fom.ru 16 January 1998 ru11 Oct 199721 281011FOM23 Dec 199519 88711 1995 election 19 Dec 1995 22.3 New New New 11.2 10.1 6.9 New 11.1 Results Party-list Constituency File:1999 Russian State Duma election diagram.svg Communist Party 16196024 67 8893547 46 113 –44 Unity 15549182 64 1408801 9 73 New Fatherland – All Russia 8886753 37 5469389 31 68 New Union of Right Forces 5677247 24 2016294 5 29 New Zhirinovsky Bloc 3990038 17 1026690 0 17 –34 Yabloko 3955611 16 3289760 4 20 –25 Communists and Workers of Russia – for the Soviet Union 1481890 0 439770 0 0 –1 Women of Russia 1359042 0 326884 0 0 –3 Party of Pensioners 1298971 0 480087 1 1 New Our Home – Russia 790983 0 1733257 7 7 –48 Russian Party for the Protection of Women 536022 0 0 New #973738 Congress of Russian Communities–Yury Boldyrev Movement 405298 0 461069 1 1 –4 Stalin Bloc – For the USSR 404274 0 64346 0 0 New #E32322 For Civil Dignity 402754 0 147611 0 0 New #E2CA66 All-Russian Political Movement in Support of the Army 384404 0 466176 2 2 New Peace, Labour, May 383332 0 126418 0 0 New Andrei Nikolayev and Svyatoslav Fyodorov Bloc 371938 0 676437 1 1 New #FF4400 Party of Peace and Unity 247041 0 0 New Russian All-People's Union 245266 0 700976 2 2 –3 Russian Socialist Party 156709 0 662030 1 1 New Russian Cause 111802 0 1846 0 0 New #004BBC Conservative Movement of Russia 87658 0 125926 0 0 New All-Russian People's Party 69695 0 0 New #973542 All-Russian Socio-Political Movement "Spiritual Heritage" 67417 0 594426 1 1 New Socialist Party of Russia 61689 0 30085 0 0 New #F1043D Social-Democrats of Russia 50948 0 18618 0 0 0 #CC0000 Russian Ecological Party "Kedr" 112167 0 0 0 Russian Patriotic Popular Movement 10481 0 0 New #8A8A8A Russian Party 7918 0 0 0 Russian Conservative Party of Entrepreneurs 2647 0 0 New #19348F Independents 27877095 105 105 +28 Against all 2198702 7695171 8 8 – Vacant seats 1 1 – 1296992 1429779 0 108073956 108073956 Nohlen & Stöver, University of Essex Further reading Hesli, Vicki L. & William M. Reisinger (2003). The 1999–2000 Elections in Russia: Their Impact and Legacy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 0-521-81676-9 reviewed by Luke March in: Slavic Review 63.4 (Winter 2004), 897–898. Russian general elections Final report on the parliamentary elections in the Russian Federation, 19 December 1999 https://web.archive.org/web/20160303191501/http://www.osce.org/documents/odihr/2000/02/1454_en.pdf 3 March 2016 , Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, 13 February 2000. Ad hoc Committee to observe the parliamentary elections in Russia (19 December 1999), PACE Report. 24 January 2000. Notes References Category:Legislative elections in Russia Legislative Legislative Russia Russia Category:3rd State Duma of the Russian Federation