1919 Coatesville call to arms

January 2026 January 2026 1919 Coatesville call to arms Red Summer Lukens Steel Co., Coatesville, Pa (68830).jpg B&W newspaper Coatesville and its steel plant Coatesville, Pennsylvania, United States Late July 1919 The 1919 Coatesville call to arms was when the black community of Coatesville, Pennsylvania formed a large armed group to prevent a rumoured lynching. Only later when the armed group had surrounded the jail to prevent the lynching did they learn that there was no suspect and no white lynch mob. 1911 lynching of Zachariah Walker In 1911, steelworker Zachariah Walker was lynched in Coatesville; he had left his wife and children in Virginia while seeking better work. This African-American man was accused of killing white mill policeman Edgar Rice, a popular figure in town. Walker claimed self-defense and was hospitalized after his arrest.Mowday 2003 7-8 He was dragged from the hospital and burned to death in front of a mob of hundreds in a field south of the city.Catalano 2004 Fifteen men and teenage boys were indicted, but all were acquitted at trials. The lynching was the last in Pennsylvania and is said to have left a permanent stain on the city's image.Rucker Upton 2007 95-96 Call to arms On July 6, 1919, a fourteen-year-old white girl, Esther Hughes, was attacked by a black man. Esther's boy companion was tied to a tree and another girl that was with Esther was able to run away.The Daily Banner 1919 1 On July 8, a rumour surfaced that a suspect had been arrested and that a white mob was assembling to lynch him. Scared by the 1911 lynching of Zachariah Walker a large group of Coatesville's African Americans armed themselves and marched downtown to protect the jail from the white mob. When they arrived Mayor Swing and local Rev. T. W. McKinney assured the crowd that the rumor was false. A number of leaders of the march were arrested and charged with inciting a riot even though they had assembled to stop a rumored white riot.Krugler 2014 284 All of the nine people arrested were later released.Krugler 2014 284 Aftermath Red Summer This uprising was one of several incidents of civil unrest that began in the so-called American Red Summer, of 1919. The Summer consisted of terrorist attacks on black communities, and white oppression in over three dozen cities and counties. In most cases, white mobs attacked African American neighborhoods. In some cases, black community groups resisted the attacks, especially in Chicago and Washington, D.C. Most deaths occurred in rural areas during events like the Elaine massacre in Arkansas, where an estimated 100 to 240 black people and 5 white people were killed. Also occurring in 1919 were the Chicago Race Riot and Washington D.C. race riot which killed 38 and 39 people respectively, and with both having many more non-fatal injuries and extensive property damage reaching up into the millions of dollars.The New York Times 1919 See also Washington race riot of 1919 Mass racial violence in the United States List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States Bibliography Notes 20em References Catalano Laura August 13, 2004 https://www.dailylocal.com/news/storm-water-concerns-officials/article_27732dfb-073a-5807-ad66-f559eb9d4f87.html Storm water concerns officials Daily Local News July 21, 2019 Mowday Bruce Edward Images of America: Coatesville 2003 Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing 9780738511986 - Total pages: 128 July 9, 1919 Coatesville Negroes Riot The Daily Banner https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88065731/1919-07-09/ed-1/seq-1/# The Daily Banner Harrington Henry & Co. Cambridge, Maryland 2475-4293 18778410 1–4 July 21, 2019 Krugler David F. 1919, The Year of Racial Violence 2014 Cambridge University Press 9781107061798 - Total pages: 332 For Action on Race Riot Peril The New York Times The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/1919/10/05/archives/for-action-on-race-riot-peril-radical-propaganda-among-negroes.html The New York Times New York, NY 1553-8095 1645522 October 5, 1919 July 5, 2019 Rucker Walter C. Upton James N. Encyclopedia of American Race Riots, Volume 2 2007 Greenwood Publishing Group 9780313333026 - Total pages: 930 http://www.dailylocal.com/article/DL/20110813/TMP01/308139966 Eric S. Smith Zachariah Walker's lynching haunts the city Daily Local News August 13, 2011 July 18, 2019 May 29, 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180529130608/http://www.dailylocal.com/article/DL/20110813/TMP01/308139966 dead Coatesville call to arms Coatesville call to arms Coatesville call to arms Coatesville call to arms Coatesville call to arms Category:United States Marine Corps in the 20th century Category:United States Navy in the 20th century Category:African-American history between emancipation and the civil rights movement Category:History of the United States Coast Guard Coatesville call to arms Category:Riots and civil disorder in Pennsylvania Category:African-American history of Pennsylvania