1930 Polish parliamentary election

none Poland 1930 Parliamentary 1928 Polish parliamentary election 1928 yes 1930 11 16 (Sejm)yes 1930 11 23 (Senate) 1935 Polish parliamentary election 1935 15,791,278 (Sejm)10,894,325 (Senate) yes Sejm legislative All 444 seats in the Sejm 223 11,816,413 (74.83%) 3.5 pp Slawek_i_Daszynski.png 800 120 150 40 83 center Walery Sławek Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government 21.0%, 125 seats 249 124 5,292,725 46.7% 25.7 pp Mieczysław Niedziałkowski (poseł).jpg 138 60 75 0 33 center Jan Dąbski.PNG 83 60 75 0 15 center AGAD AGAD Witos Wincenty list gończy zdjęcie.png 88 40 75 0 26 center Malinowski Maksymilian.jpg 66 40 75 6 14 center Karol Popiel.png 70 40 75 0 12 center VariousThe leaders of the five Centrolew parties were Mieczysław Niedziałkowski—Polish Socialist Party, Jan Dąbski—Peasant Party, Wincenty Witos—Polish People's Party "Piast", Maksymilian Malinowski—Polish People's Party "Wyzwolenie" and Karol Popiel—National Workers' Party. Centrolew NewCentrolew Centrolew was a coalition that included the Polish Socialist Party (which received 13.0% of the vote and 64 seats in the 1928 parliamentary election), Peasant Party (5.4%, 25 seats), Polish People's Party "Piast" (6.8% and 34 seats together with the Polish Christian Democratic Party), Polish People's Party "Wyzwolenie" (7.3%, 41 seats) and National Workers' Party (2.0%, 11 seats). 79 NewCentrolew 6,629,402 17.3% NewCentrolew Joachim_Bartoszewicz,_senator,_ze_zbiorów_NAC.jpg 165 120 150 20 23 center Joachim Bartoszewicz LN 8.1%, 38 seatsLN In 1928 as Popular National Union under the Catholic-National Bloc electoral list 63 25LN 1,443,165 12.7% 4.6 ppLN Dymitr Lewicki.png 160 120 150 7 22 center Dmytro LevytskyAs chairman of the Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance, which organized the Ukrainian and Belarusian Electoral Bloc. Ukrainian and Belarusian Electoral Bloc NewUBBW The Ukrainian and Belarusian Electoral Bloc was the list of the Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance and allied Ukrainian and Belarusian parties. In the 1928 parliamentary election, together with other minority parties in the Bloc of National Minorities, it received 12.6% of the vote and 55 seats. 21 NewUBBW 725,984 6.4% NewUBBW Ponikowski.png 315 120 150 35 95 center Antoni Ponikowski PBK NewPBK The People's Catholic Bloc was the list of the Polish Christian Democratic Party. In the 1928 parliamentary election, together with the Polish People's Party "Piast", it received 6.8% of the vote and 34 seats. 14 NewPBK 430,074 3.8% NewPBK Eugen Naumann.png 123 120 150 0 0 center Eugen NaumannAs chairman of the German Parliamentary Club in 1928–1930. NBW NewNBW The German Electoral Bloc was the list of the German Parliamentary Club. In the 1928 parliamentary election, together with other minority parties in the Bloc of National Minorities, it received 12.6% of the vote and 55 seats. 5 NewNBW 309,713 2.7% NewNBW yes Senate All 111 seats in the Senate 56 6,797,188 (63.43%) 0.5pp yes BBWR 48 77 54.66 Centrolew New 13 12.99 LN 9 12 12.98 Ukrainian and Belarusian Electoral Bloc New 4 6.39 NBW New 3 3.48 PBK New 2 2.36 400px Sejm – results by constituency Government Second Piłsudski cabinet pl Drugi rząd Józefa Piłsudskiego BBWR Government after election Second Sławek cabinet pl Drugi rząd Walerego Sławka BBWR Parliamentary elections were held in Poland on 16 November 1930, with Senate elections held a week later on 23 November.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p1491 978-3-8329-5609-7 In what became known as the Brest elections (pl Wybory brzeskie), the pro-Sanation Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government took 47% of the vote and 249 of the 444 seats in Sejm and 77 of the 111 seats in the Senate. The elections are known as the least free elections in the Second Polish Republic due to the Brest trial controversy. Controversy The elections were rigged by the pro-Sanacja elements in the Polish government under the control of Józef Piłsudski (although Piłsudski left most of the details of the internal politics to others). After the BBWR came up well short of a majority in the 1928 elections, Sanacja and Piłsudski left nothing to chance.December 2024 thumb|left|Satirical drawing from Hasło Łódzkie newspaper, 5 October 1930. The text: "From the series: 'Most popular Polish spa towns' - Brest-on-the-Bug." The picture is a reference to the Brest trial and the "Brest elections", when many Polish politicians of the Centrolew party were imprisoned in the Brest Fortress (pictured). The elections were supposed to take place in May, but the government invalidated the May results by disbanding the parliament in August and with increasing pressure on the opposition started a new campaign, the new elections being scheduled to November. Using the anti-government demonstrations as a pretext, 20 members of the oppositions, including most of the leaders of Centrolew alliance (from the Polish Socialist Party, Polish People's Party "Piast" and Polish People's Party "Wyzwolenie") were arrested in September without a warrant, only on the order of the minister of internal security, Felicjan Sławoj Składkowski accusing them of plotting an anti-government coup. The opposition members (who included the former prime minister Wincenty Witos, and the Silesian national hero, Wojciech Korfanty) were imprisoned in the Brest Fortress, where their trial took place (thus the popular name for the election: the 'Brest election'). A number of less known activists were arrested throughout the country. They were released after the end of the election in the same month. The Brest trial ended in January 1932, with 10 accused receiving sentences up to three years of imprisonment. Some of them decided to emigrate instead. In addition, the minorities were also discriminated against; the government crackdown on opposition was especially hard in the eastern provinces, affecting the Ukrainian and Belarusian Electoral Bloc. On 24 November 1930, Time, in its coverage of the elections, wrote: During the campaign which ended in Poland's general election last week, opposition papers were so mercilessly censored that some were reduced to printing pictures of Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900) with the caption: He Died Crazy. Because Dictator Jozef Pilsudski has publicly made such statements as that "Parliament is a prostitute!" (Time, July 9, 1928) and because he somewhat resembles Philosopher Nietzsche in face and whiskers, his government promptly confiscated all Nietzschean campaign pictures, all papers in which they appeared. Despite the governments pressure, the opposition members (from Centrolew and endecja) still sat in the parliament, soon in the new parliament they tried to pass the motion of no confidence to the new government. The imprisonment and trial of political opponents was a setback for Polish democracy, but no genuinely open trials of political opponents such as the one in Poland took place elsewhere in contemporary Central Europe The exception was the 1933 Berlin trial of the Bulgarian communist Georgy M. Dimitrov. The success of BBWR, while certainly enhanced by the government crackdown on opposition, also stemmed from the fact that Sanacja and Piłsudski's held considerable support, and the Centrolew politicians were viewed as incapable in preventing the economic crisis (Great Depression). The Centrolew coalition fell apart in 1931 due to internal conflicts.December 2024 Results Sejm Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government 5292725 249 +124 Centrolew 6 Polish Socialist Party 1965864 6 23 –42 Peasant Party 18 –8 Polish People's Party "Piast" 15 –2 Polish People's Party "Wyzwolenie" 15 –25 National Workers' Party 8 –6 y 79 –89 National List 1443165 63 +25 Ukrainian and Belarusian Electoral Bloc 725984 21 +4 People's Catholic Bloc 430074 14 –20 German Electoral Bloc 309713 5 Unity of Workers and Peasants 232314 4 0 Bloc of the Defence of the Rights of the Jewish Nation 246840 2 Jewish National Bloc 184968 4 All-Jewish National Economic Bloc 150146 1 Socialists' Bloc 52433 1 ZLCh Samopomoc pl Zjednoczenie Lewicy Chłopskiej „Samopomoc” 22919 1 Polish Socialist Party – former Revolutionary Faction pl Polska Partia Socjalistyczna – dawna Frakcja Rewolucyjna 74096 0 Bloc of the Socialist Left 2 General Jewish Labour Bund in Poland 2 2 71123 0 Independent Socialist Labour Party Sel-Rob "Jedność" pl Ukraińskie Włościańsko-Robotnicze Zjednoczenie Socjalistyczne 23722 0 Poale Zion 19206 0 Central Union of Cultural and Economic Organizations 12359 0 Ruska Selańska Organizacja 11465 0 –1 Ukrainian Labour Party pl Ukraińska Partia Pracy 10744 0 0 Polish Socialist Party – Left (1926–1931) pl Polska Partia Socjalistyczna – Lewica (1926–1931) Polish Socialist Party – Left 7958 0 Monarchists 1816 0 0 Others 44161 0 482618 0 15791278 1935 Statystyka Wyborów do Sejmu i Senatu z dnia 16 i 23 Listopada 1930 roku https://statlibr.stat.gov.pl/exlibris/aleph/a22_1/apache_media/BMP596MAEF3BQDJ9MCXEP8IESVXVR2.pdf Warsaw XXX Senate Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government 3715273 77 +29 Centrolew 882636 13 – National List 882215 12 +3 Ukrainian and Belarusian Electoral Bloc 434042 4 +2 German Electoral Bloc 236471 3 –18 People's Catholic Bloc 160444 2 –4 All-Jewish National Economic Bloc 148522 0 Bloc of the Defence of the Rights of the Jewish Nation 146726 0 Jewish National Bloc 79358 0 Unity of Workers and Peasants 60445 0 Socialists' Bloc 15713 0 Polish Socialist Party – former Revolutionary Faction pl Polska Partia Socjalistyczna – dawna Frakcja Rewolucyjna 10510 0 Sel-Rob "Jedność" pl Ukraińskie Włościańsko-Robotnicze Zjednoczenie Socjalistyczne 8763 0 Ruska Sielańska Organizacja 7594 0 Central Union of Cultural and Economic Organizations 1744 0 Polish Socialist Party – Left (1926-1931) pl Polska Partia Socjalistyczna – Lewica (1926–1931) Polish Socialist Party – Left 143 0 Others 6589 0 – 113403 0 10894325 Notes References Michael H. Bernhard The origins of democratization in Poland: workers, intellectuals, and oppositional politics, 1976-1980 https://archive.org/details/originsofdemocra0000bern registration 13 November 2011 1993 Columbia University Press 978-0-231-08093-4 211– Richard Blanke Orphans of Versailles: the Germans in Western Poland, 1918-1939 https://books.google.com/books?id=80r6Mbnxf8IC&pg=PA97 13 November 2011 1993 University Press of Kentucky 978-0-8131-1803-1 97– Karl Cordell Poland and the European Union https://books.google.com/books?id=mvdCsoVWMIEC&pg=PA187 13 November 2011 18 October 2000 Psychology Press 978-0-415-23885-4 187– Richard Crampton Ben Crampton Atlas of Eastern Europe in the twentieth century https://books.google.com/books?id=_l0W0c5UlY8C&pg=PA103 13 November 2011 1997 Routledge 978-0-415-16461-0 103– Norman Davies God's Playground, a History of Poland: 1795 to the present https://books.google.com/books?id=DMoPXktGwiUC&pg=PA422 13 November 2011 1982 Columbia University Press 978-0-231-05353-2 422– Andrzej Paczkowski Jane Cave The spring will be ours: Poland and the Poles from occupation to freedom https://books.google.com/books?id=WoKQWem2yl4C&pg=PA28 13 November 2011 2003 Penn State Press 978-0-271-02308-3 28– Timothy Snyder Sketches from a secret war: a Polish artist's mission to liberate Soviet Ukraine https://books.google.com/books?id=LkZlidUKEl8C&pg=PA73 13 November 2011 2005 Yale University Press 978-0-300-10670-1 73– http://wiadomosci.polska.pl/kalendarz/kalendarium/article.htm?id=59022 Kalendarium wydarzeń - Kalendarium - Polska.pl Wiadomosci.polska.pl 2011-11-14 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20070118191901/http://wiadomosci.polska.pl/kalendarz/kalendarium/article.htm?id=59022 January 18, 2007 http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,740773,00.html https://web.archive.org/web/20050412020009/http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,740773,00.html dead April 12, 2005 POLAND: Nietzschean Election Time 1930-11-24 2011-11-14 http://www.ku.edu/~eceurope/hist557/lect14a.htm Anna M. Cienciala DOMESTIC PROBLEMS AND FOREIGN POLICIES OF INTERWAR EAST EUROPEAN STATES. 2002 Fall 2007 2011-11-14 July 2026 InternetArchiveBot External links The results Poland Category:Parliamentary elections in Poland Category:Election and referendum articles with incomplete results Poland Parliamentary