1881 Spanish general election

none 1881 Spanish general election Spain 1785 parliamentary no 1879 Spanish general election 1879 1884 Spanish general election 1884 All 432"Cumulative" Including one seat by cumulative voting. seats in the Congress of Deputies and 180 (of 360) seats in the Senate217 seats needed for a majority in the Congress of Deputies 846,961 604,758 (71.4%) 21 August 1881 (Congress)2 September 1881 (Senate) 170x170px Práxedes Mateo Sagasta Fusionist 83C53A 1880 Zamora 297 C / 135 S 170x170px Antonio Cánovas del Castillo Conservative Party (Spain) 1874 Cieza 48 C / 15 S 170x170px Emilio Castelar Democratic Progressive Party (Spain) 1879 Huesca 32 C / 12 S Prime Minister Prime Minister after election Práxedes Mateo Sagasta Liberal Party (Spain, 1880) Práxedes Mateo Sagasta Liberal Party (Spain, 1880) A general election was held in Spain on 21 August 1881 (for the Congress of Deputies), and on 2 September 1881 (for the Senate), to elect the members of the 2nd es Cortes no under the Spanish Constitution of 1876, during the Restoration period. All 432"Cumulative" seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 180 of 360 seats in the Senate. Background Overview Under the 1876 Constitution, the Spanish es Cortes no were conceived as "co-legislative bodies", forming a nearly perfect bicameral system.Constitution 1876 arts. 18–19 & 41. Both the Congress of Deputies and the Senate exercised legislative, oversight and budgetary functions, sharing almost equal powers, except in budget laws (taxation and public credit)—whose first reading corresponded to Congress—and in impeachment processes against government ministers, where Congress handled indictment and the Senate the trial.Constitution 1876 arts. 38, 42 & 45.https://www.senado.es/web/conocersenado/temasclave/historiaconstitucional/index.html Conocer el Senado. Temas clave. El Senado en la historia constitucional española es Senate of Spain 11 October 2025 Date The term of each chamber of the es Cortes no—the Congress and one-half of the elective part of the Senate—expired five years from the date of their previous election, unless they were dissolved earlier.Constitution 1876 arts. 24 & 30. The previous elections were held on 20 April 1879 for the Congress and on 3 May 1879 for the Senate, which meant that the chambers' terms would have expired on 20 April and 3 May 1884, respectively. The monarch had the prerogative to dissolve both chambers at any given time—either jointly or separately—and call a snap election.Constitution 1876 art. 32; Law of 8 February 1877 art. 11. There was no constitutional requirement for concurrent elections to the Congress and the Senate, nor for the elective part of the Senate to be renewed in its entirety except in the case that a full dissolution was agreed by the monarch. Still, there was only one case of a separate election (for the Senate in 1877) and no half-Senate elections taking place under the 1876 Constitution. The es Cortes no were officially dissolved on 25 June 1881, with the corresponding decree setting election day for 21 August (Congress) and 2 September 1881 (Senate) and scheduling for both chambers to reconvene on 20 September.Royal Decree of 25 June 1881 arts. 1–2 & 4. Electoral system Voting for the Congress of Deputies was based on censitary suffrage, comprising Spanish national males over 25 years of age who met either of the following:Law of 28 December 1878 arts. 14–19.Ortega Álvarez Santaolaya Machetti 1996 87García Muñoz 2002 105–106Carreras de Odriozola Tafunell Sambola 2005 1077 Being taxpayers with a minimum quota of Pts 25 in property taxes (paid one year in advance) or Pts 50 in corporate taxes (paid two years in advance); Holding specific positions (such as full academics in the royal academies, cathedral chapter members and parish priests, active public employees with a salary of Pts 2,000, retired public employees, general officers, awarded painters or sculptors, senior court officials and certified teachers); Having two years of residence in a Spanish municipality while proving a professional qualification. In the Spanish West Indies (Cuba and Puerto Rico) the taxpayer requirement was higher (Pts 125, or $25), while former Cuban slaves were barred from voting until three years after becoming freedmen.Law of 28 December 1878 arts. 142–143 & 147.López Domínguez 1976 363–364Roldán de Montaud 1999 249 In the Basque Provinces and Navarre—where taxes were not paid directly—voters had instead to prove wealth equivalent to an income of Pts 4,800; or Pts 2,400 in real estate, crops or livestock.Law of 28 December 1878 trans. art. 1. Additional restrictions excluded those deprived of political rights or barred from public office by a final sentence, criminally imprisoned or convicted, legally incapacitated, bankrupt, and public debtors.Law of 28 December 1878 arts. 8, 20, 143 & 147. The Congress of Deputies had one seat per 50,000 inhabitants. Of these, those corresponding to larger urban areas were elected in multi-member constituencies using partial block voting: voters in constituencies electing eight seats could choose up to six candidates; in those with seven seats, up to five; in those with six seats, up to four; in those with four or five seats, up to three; and in those with three seats, up to two. The remaining seats were elected in single-member districts by plurality voting and distributed among the provinces of Spain according to population.Constitution 1876 arts. 27–28; Law of 28 December 1878 arts. 1–3 & 84.Ortega Álvarez Santaolaya Machetti 1996 88 Up to 10 additional members could be elected through cumulative voting if they ran in several single-member districts and obtained over 10,000 votes overall.Law of 28 December 1878 arts. 115 & 147. Cuba and Puerto Rico were allocated 24 and 15 seats, respectively.Law of 28 December 1878 arts. 2, 139 & 147 (suppl. supplemented by Decree of 1 April 1871 art. 2); Decree of 31 January 1879 art. 1.Roldán de Montaud 1999 250 As a result of the aforementioned allocation, 320 single-member districts were established, and each Congress multi-member constituency (a total of 31, electing 111 seats) was entitled the following seats:Seat allocation:Peninsular Spain and archipelagos: Law of 28 December 1878 arts. 2–3 (suppl. supplemented by Law of 1 January 1871 art. 1 & attached table. Spanish West Indies: Law of 28 December 1878 arts. 2–3, 139 & 147 (suppl. supplemented by Decree of 1 April 1871 art. 2–3 & attached table); Decree of 31 January 1879 art. 1. Seats Constituencies 8 Havana, Madrid 5 Barcelona, Palma, Santa Clara 4 Santiago de Cuba, Seville 3 Alicante, Almería, Badajoz, Burgos, Cádiz, Cartagena, Córdoba, Granada, Jaén, Jerez de la Frontera, La Coruña, Lugo, Málaga, Matanzas, Murcia, Oviedo, Pamplona, Pinar del Río, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Santander, Tarragona, Valencia, Valladolid, Zaragoza Voting for the elective part of the Senate was also based on censitary suffrage, comprising Spanish male householders of voting age, residing in a Spanish municipality, with full political and civil rights, who met either of the following:Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 1–3, 12–13, 23 & 25. Being qualified electors (such as archbishops, bishops and cathedral chapter members, in the archdioceses; full academics, in the royal academies; university authorities and professors, in the universities; or provincial deputies); Being elected as delegates (either by members with three years of seniority (in the economic societies of Friends of the Country; or by major taxpayers for direct taxes and local authorities, in the local councils). 180 Senate seats were elected using indirect, two-round majority voting. Delegates chosen by local councils—each of which was assigned an initial minimum of one delegate, with one additional delegate for every six councillors—voted for senators together with provincial deputies. The provinces of Álava, Albacete, Ávila, Biscay, Cuenca, Guadalajara, Guipúzcoa, Huelva, Logroño, Matanzas, Palencia, Pinar del Río, Puerto Príncipe, Santa Clara, Santander, Santiago de Cuba, Segovia, Soria, Teruel, Valladolid and Zamora were allocated two seats each, and the rest three each, for a total of 147. The remaining 33 seats were allocated to special institutional districts (one each), including major archdioceses, royal academies, universities, and economic societies,The following were considered as the major districts in each category:Archdioceses: Burgos, Granada, Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Cuba, Seville, Tarragona, Toledo, Valencia, Valladolid, and Zaragoza. Royal academies: Spanish; History; Fine Arts of San Fernando; Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences; Moral and Political Sciences; and Medicine. Universities: Madrid, Barcelona, Granada, Havana, Oviedo, Salamanca, Santiago, Seville, Valencia, Valladolid, and Zaragoza. Economic societies of Friends of the Country: Madrid, Barcelona, Havana–Puerto Rico, León, Seville, and Valencia. each elected by their own qualified electors or delegates.Constitution 1876 arts. 20–21; Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 1–2, 21–22, 30–31, 53 & add. art.; Law of 9 January 1879 arts. 1–3; Royal Decree of 30 June 1881.Carreras de Odriozola Tafunell Sambola 2005 1083 Another 180 seats consisted of senators in their own right (such as the monarch's offspring and the heir apparent once coming of age (16), grandees of Spain with an income of Pts 60,000, certain general officers—captain generals and admirals—the Patriarch of the Indies and archbishops, and the heads of higher courts and state institutions"State" These comprised the Council of State, the Supreme Court, the Court of Auditors and the Supreme Council of War and Navy. after two years of service), as well as senators for life directly appointed by the monarch.Constitution 1876 arts. 20–21, 66 & 71. The law provided for by-elections to fill vacant seats during the legislative term. At least two vacancies were required to trigger a by-election in Congress multi-member constituencies; when only two vacancies were to be filled, voters could choose only one candidate.Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 56–59; Law of 28 December 1878 arts. 110–113 & 146–147. Candidates Nomination rules For the Congress, secular Spanish males of voting age, with full civil rights, could run for election. Causes of ineligibility applied to those excluded from voting and to former slaves in Cuba until ten years after becoming freedmen, as well as to:Roldán de Montaud 1999 249Constitution 1876 art. 29; Law of 28 December 1878 arts. 7–10, 115, 141 & 147. Public contractors, within their relevant territories and up to one year after the end of their contracts; Holders of a number of territorial posts (such as government-appointed positions, not including Central Administration employees; local and provincial employees; certain technical officials—civil, mining and forest engineers—and presidents of polling stations), within their areas of jurisdiction, during their term of office and up to one year afterwards; Holders of any government-appointed post between the election call and election day, for those seeking a seat through cumulative voting. For the Senate, eligibility was limited to Spanish males over 35 years of age not under criminal prosecution, disfranchisement nor asset seizure, and who either qualified as senators in their own right or belonged (or had belonged) to certain categories:Constitution 1876 arts. 22 & 26; Law of 8 February 1877 art. 4. Provided an income of Pts 7,500: the presidents of the Senate and the Congress; deputies serving in three different congresses or eight terms; government ministers; bishops; grandees of Spain not eligible as senators in their own right; and various senior officials after two years of service (such as certain general officers—lieutenant generals and vice admirals—and members of higher courts and state institutions);"State" heads of diplomatic missions abroad (ambassadors after two years, and plenipotentiaries after four); heads and full academics in the royal academies; chief engineers; and full professors with four years of service; Provided an income of Pts 20,000 or being taxpayers with a minimum quota of Pts 4,000 in direct taxes (paid two years in advance): Spanish nobility; and former deputies, provincial deputies or mayors in provincial capitals or towns over 20,000; Having served as senators before the promulgation of the 1876 Constitution. Other ineligibility provisions for the Senate also applied to a number of territorial officials within their areas of jurisdiction, during their term of office and up to three months afterwards; public contractors; tax collectors; and public debtors.Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 5–6. Incompatibility rules barred representing multiple constituencies simultaneously, as well as combining:Constitution 1876 arts. 25 & 31; Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 5–10; Law of 28 December 1878 arts. 118 & 147; Law of 7 March 1880 arts. 1–4. The role of senator with other legislative roles (deputy, senator and local councillor, except those in Madrid; and provincial deputies within their respective provinces); or with any public post not explicitly permitted under Senate eligibility requirements; The role of deputy with any other civil, military or judicial post, with exceptions—and as many as 40 deputies allowed to simultaneously benefit from these—including a number of specific posts based in Madrid, such as any of the aforementioned ones (provided a public salary of Pts 12,500); senior court officials; university authorities and professors; chief engineers; and general officers. Results Congress of Deputies Overall Mainland Spain + ← Summary of the 21 August 1881 Congress of Deputies election results → center|400px Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % Liberal Fusionist Party (Fusionistas) 297 Liberal Conservative Party (Conservadores) 48 Progressive–Possibilist Democrats (Demócratas) 32 Democratic Progressive Party (PPD) 12 Democratic Party (PD) 10 Independent Monarchist Progressives (Prog.i) 10 Catholic Union (UC) 3 Traditionalists (Tradicionalistas) 2 Fuerist Party of the Basque Union (PFUV) 1 Independents (Independientes) 9 Total 604,758 392 Votes cast / turnout 604,758 71.40 Abstentions 242,203 28.60 Registered voters 846,961 SourcesLópez Domínguez 1976 365–367, 385–388 & 757–761Martínez Ruiz Maqueda Abreu De Diego 1999 109Carreras de Odriozola Tafunell Sambola 2005 1093For election results: http://www.historiaelectoral.com/e1881.html Elecciones a Cortes 21 de agosto de 1881 es Historia Electoral.com 12 December 2020 26 August 1881 http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/1881/08/26/pagina-16/34746120/pdf.html Hechas las clasificaciones de diputados, resultan 48 conservadores, 32 demócratas y 12 de otras fracciones es La Vanguardia 12 December 2020 28 August 1881 http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0003149892&page=7 Crónica Universal. España es National Library of Spain La Ilustración Católica 20 December 2020 For registered voters: https://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=193316&ext=.pdf Elecciones generales para Diputados a Cortes verificadas en los años de 1881 y 1884 es National Institute of Statistics 12 December 2020 Seats #ddd 550px 500px Fusionist Liberal Party (Spain, 1880) 75.77 Conservative Conservative Party (Spain) 12.24 Democratic #AE2788 8.16 UC Catholic Union (Spain) 0.77 Traditionalist Traditionalist Communion 0.51 PFUV Basque Union 0.26 Independent Independent politician 2.30 Cuba + ← Summary of the 21 August 1881 Congress of Deputies election results in Cuba → Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % Constitutional Union Party (Unión Conservadora) 18 Liberal Party (Liberal) 4 Progressive Liberal Party (Liberal Progresista) 2 Total 24 Votes cast / turnout Abstentions Registered voters 31,295 SourcesRoldán de Montaud 1999 254–258 Seats #ddd 550px 500px Const. Union Constitutional Union of Cuba 75.00 Liberal Liberal Party of Cuba 16.67 Prog. Liberal #F03E46 8.33 Elected deputies The following table lists the elected deputies:22 August 1881 http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0000250922&page=2 Elecciones Generales por Provincias es National Library of Spain La Correspondencia de España 20 December 202024 August 1881 http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0026734984&page=2 Elecciones es National Library of Spain El Fígaro 20 December 202026 August 1881 http://www.bibliotecavirtualdeandalucia.es/catalogo/es/catalogo_imagenes/imagen.cmd?path=168890&posicion=1&registrardownload=1 El futuro Congreso es Biblioteca Virtual de Andalucía El Defensor de Granada 27 October 2021https://www.congreso.es/web/guest/archivo-historico-de-diputados Archivo histórico de diputados es Congress of Deputies 20 December 2020 Province Constituency Elected member Allegiance Álava Amurrio Lucas Urquijo y Urrutia Fusionist Vitoria Ramón Ortiz de Zárate Martínez de Galarreta Traditionalist Albacete Albacete José Salamanca y Mayol Conservative Alcaraz Antonio Ortiz y Ustáriz Fusionist Almansa José Mateo Sagasta y Vidal Fusionist Casas-Ibáñez Federico Ochando y Chumillas Fusionist Hellín Federico López y Gaviria Fusionist Alicante Alcoy Miguel Martínez de Campos y Antón Fusionist Alicante Enrique Arroyo y Rodríguez Fusionist Eleuterio Maisonnave Cutayar Possibilist Adrián Viudes Girón Fusionist Denia Leopoldo Laussat y Christiernim Fusionist Dolores Manuel González Llana Fusionist Orihuela Trinitario Ruiz Capdepón Fusionist Pego Enrique Bushell y Laussat Fusionist Villajoyosa Alejandro Groizard y Gómez de la Serna Fusionist Villena Federico Bas y Moró Fusionist Almería Almería Carlos Huelin Larrain Fusionist Sebastián Pérez García Fusionist Bernardo Toro y Moya Conservative Berja Miguel de Trell y Chacón Fusionist Purchena Antonio Martín Toro Fusionist Sorbas Carlos Navarro y Rodrigo Fusionist Vélez-Rubio Agustín de la Serna y López Fusionist Vera Juan Anglada y Ruiz Possibilist Ávila Arenas de San Pedro Zoilo Pérez García Fusionist Arévalo Jorge Montalvo y Vega Fusionist Ávila Celestino Rico y García Fusionist Piedrahíta Francisco Silvela y de Le Vielleuze Conservative Badajoz Almendralejo Abdón de Salamanca Fusionist Badajoz Eduardo Baselga y Chaves Progressive Leopoldo Molano y Martínez Fusionist Carlos María Stuart Fitz-James y Portocarrero Fusionist Castuera Ricardo Fernández Blanco y Moral Fusionist Don Benito Santiago Solo de Zaldívar Fusionist Fregenal de la Sierra Cecilio de Lora y Castro Fusionist Llerena Ulpiano González de Olañeta y González de Ocampo Fusionist Mérida José de Castro y López Fusionist Villanueva de la Serena Mariano Fernández Daza Gómez Bravo Fusionist Balearics Ibiza Cipriano Garijo y Aljama Fusionist Mahón Juan Tremol y Faner Fusionist Palma José Cotoner Allendesalazar Conservative Joaquín Fiol y Pujol Possibilist Mateo Gamundí y Monserrat Fusionist Antonio Maura Montaner Fusionist Enrique de Mesa y Moya Fusionist Barcelona Arenys de Mar Enrique de Orozco y de la Puente Fusionist Barcelona Teodoro Baró y Sureda Fusionist Emilio Castelar y Ripoll Possibilist Camilo Fabra Fontanills Fusionist Federico Marcet Fusionist Antonio Roger y Vidal Fusionist Berga Joaquín Marín y Carbonell Conservative Castelltersol Antonio Rodó y Casanova Fusionist Gracia Vicente de Romero y Baldrich Fusionist Granollers Antonio Ferratges de Mesa Ballester Fusionist Igualada Bartolomé Godó y Pié Fusionist Manresa José Mas y Martínez Fusionist Mataró Francisco Taulina y Garriga Fusionist San Feliú de Llobregat Miguel Elías Marchal Fusionist Tarrassa Joaquín Planas Borrell Fusionist Vich Pedro Bosch y Labrús Conservative Villafranca del Panadés Francisco de Asís Madorell y Badía Fusionist Villanueva y Geltrú Víctor Balaguer y Cirera Fusionist Biscay Balmaseda Ricardo Balparda y Fernández Fusionist Bilbao Eduardo de Aguirre y Labroche Fusionist Durango José María Ampuero y Jáuregui Traditionalist Guernica Ángel Allendesalazar y Muñoz de Salazar Fusionist Burgos Aranda de Duero Manuel Macías y Boiguez Fusionist Burgos Manuel Alonso Martínez Fusionist Pedro González Marrón Fusionist Joaquín López-Dóriga y Ruiz de la Escalera Conservative Castrojeriz Manuel Alonso Martínez Fusionist Miranda de Ebro Gabriel Salcedo Anguiano Conservative Salas de los Infantes Pedro González Marrón Fusionist Villarcayo Manuel María del Valle y Cárdenas Fusionist Cáceres Alcántara Jacinto Burgos Meneses Fusionist Cáceres Manuel Falcó y Osorio d'Adda y Gutiérrez de los Ríos Fusionist Coria Julián de Zugasti y Sáenz Fusionist Hoyos Joaquín González Fiori Fusionist Navalmoral de la Mata Urbano González Serrano Progressive Plasencia Ramón Rodríguez Leal Fusionist Trujillo Manuel María Grande y Valdés Fusionist Cádiz Algeciras José González de la Vega Fusionist Cádiz José González de la Vega Fusionist Carlos Rodríguez Batista Fusionist Eduardo Genovés y Puig Conservative Grazalema Francisco Ruiz Martínez Conservative Jerez de la Frontera José Gutiérrez Agüera Fusionist Pedro José Moreno Rodríguez Possibilist Manuel Sánchez Mira Fusionist Medina-Sidonia Antonio Álvarez Jiménez Fusionist Puerto de Santa María Pedro Majón y Merjelina Fusionist Canaries Guía Fernando de León y Castillo Fusionist Las Palmas Pedro Bravo de Laguna y Joven Conservative Santa Cruz de La Palma Miguel Castañeda y Carmona Fusionist Santa Cruz de Tenerife Juan García Torres Fusionist Feliciano Pérez Zamora Fusionist Miguel Villalba Hervás Possibilist Castellón Albocácer Carlos Espinosa de los Monteros Sagaseta de Ilurdoz Fusionist Castellón de la Plana Gaspar Núñez de Arce Fusionist Lucena del Cid José María Tuero y Madrid Fusionist Morella Juan de Mata Zorita Fusionist Nules Ricardo García Trapero Veragua Fusionist Segorbe José Escrig y Font Fusionist Vinaroz Jerónimo Antón Ramírez Fusionist Ciudad Real Alcázar de San Juan Ramón Baillo y Marañón Fusionist Almadén Luis Felipe Aguilera y Rodríguez Progressive Almagro Federico de Soria Santa Cruz Fusionist Ciudad Real Luis del Rey y Medrano Fusionist Daimiel Emilio Nieto y Pérez Progressive Villanueva de los Infantes José Antonio Gutiérrez de la Vega Fusionist Córdoba Cabra Juan Ulloa y Valera Progressive Córdoba Antonio Garijo y Lara Fusionist Santos Isasa y Valseca Conservative Ángel Losada y Fernández de Liencres Fusionist Hinojosa del Duque Félix García Gómez de la Serna Fusionist Lucena Juan Chinchilla Díaz de Oñate Fusionist Montilla Antonio Aguilar y Correa Fusionist Posadas Juan Calvo de León y Benjumea Fusionist Priego Juan Manuel Sánchez y Gutiérrez de Castro Fusionist Cuenca Cañete Julián Casildo Arribas y Arauz Conservative Cuenca Leandro Rubio Martínez Fusionist Huete Gumersindo Redondo Martínez Fusionist Motilla del Palancar Manuel Núñez de Haro Fusionist San Clemente Manuel Becerra Bermúdez Progressive Tarancón Francisco Rubio y Pablos Conservative Gerona Figueras Manuel Henrich y Girona Fusionist Gerona Juan Fabra y Floreta Fusionist La Bisbal Francisco Sala y Pou Fusionist Olot Pedro Diz Romero Fusionist Puigcerdá Félix Maciá y Bonaplata Fusionist Santa Coloma de Farnés Antonio Mataró y Villalonga Fusionist Torroella de Montgrí Alberto Quintana y Combis Fusionist Vilademuls José Álvarez Mariño Conservative Granada Albuñol José María Arroyo y Cobo Fusionist Alhama Emilio Zayas y Trujillo Fusionist Baza Nicolás Aravaca y Vázquez Fusionist Granada Melchor Almagro Díaz Possibilist Francisco Javier Gosalvez Fusionist Francisco Pérez del Pulgar Fusionist Guadix Juan Montilla y Adán Fusionist Huéscar José Carreño de la Cuadra Fusionist Loja Francisco Ruiz Villegas Fusionist Motril Gaspar Esteva Moreu Fusionist Órgiva Fernando Escavias de Carvajal y Sandoval Fusionist Guadalajara Brihuega José González y González Blanco Fusionist Guadalajara Ramón Rodríguez Correa Fusionist Molina Francisco García Martino Fusionist Pastrana Gabriel de la Puerta y Ródenas Fusionist Sigüenza Rafael Ruiz Martínez Fusionist Guipúzcoa Azpeitia Joaquín de Vera y Olazábal Catholic Union San Sebastián Pedro Nolasco Sagredo y Ansoategui Fusionist Tolosa Joaquín Gorostegui y Garagarza Fusionist Vergara Iván Aranguren y Alzaga Fusionist Huelva Aracena Sebastián García Ramírez Fusionist Huelva Luis Page y Blake Fusionist La Palma Cayetano Leygonier y Márquez Fusionist Valverde del Camino Manuel Pérez Seoane y Marín Fusionist Huesca Barbastro Estanislao de Antonio y Garauto Fusionist Benabarre Manuel León Moncasi y Castel Progressive Boltaña Ramón de La Cadena y Laguna Fusionist Fraga Félix Coll y Moncasi Fusionist Huesca Emilio Castelar y Ripoll Possibilist Jaca Manuel Gavín y Estaún Fusionist Sariñena Salvador Bayona y Santamaría Fusionist Jaén Baeza Pedro Manuel Acuña y Espinosa de los Monteros Fusionist Cazorla José Serrano y Aizpurúa Fusionist Jaén José María Campos y Martínez Fusionist Antonio Ferrer y Martínez Fusionist Teodoro Robles y Arjona Fusionist La Carolina Juan de Dios Sanjuan y Labrador Fusionist Martos Eduardo León y Llerena Fusionist Úbeda Francisco Javier Girón y Aragón Fusionist Villacarrillo Carlos Navarro y Rodrigo Fusionist La Coruña Arzúa Benito María Hermida y Verea Fusionist Betanzos Antonio Vázquez y López Amor Fusionist Corcubión Juan Nido Segalerva Fusionist El Ferrol Nicasio Pérez López Fusionist La Coruña Enrique Fernández Alsina Progressive Aureliano Linares Rivas Fusionist Antonio del Moral y López Fusionist Muros Manuel Batanero Montenegro Conservative Noya Antonio Romero Ortiz Fusionist Padrón Eduardo Gasset y Artime Progressive Puentedeume Daniel Rodríguez y Rodríguez Fusionist Santa María de Órdenes Pedro Calderón de la Barca Herce y Collantes Fusionist Santa Marta de Ortigueira Vicente Donato Villarnovo López Fusionist Santiago Adolfo Forrado y Ozores Fusionist León Astorga Pío Gullón Iglesias Fusionist La Bañeza Emilio Pérez Villanueva Fusionist La Vecilla Juan Piñán y Alonso de la Barcena Fusionist León Dámaso Merino Villarino Fusionist Murias de Paredes Manuel Rodríguez y Rodríguez Possibilist Ponferrada Daniel Valdés Barrio Progressive Sahagún Lesmes Franco del Corral Fusionist Valencia de Don Juan Demetrio Alonso Castrillo Fusionist Villafranca del Bierzo Enrique García Ceñal Fusionist Lérida Borjas Jaime Nuet y Minguell Fusionist Balaguer Francisco Martínez Brau Fusionist Cervera Manuel Alonso Martínez Fusionist Lérida Jaime Nuet y Minguell Fusionist Seo de Urgel Isidro Boixader y Solana Fusionist Solsona Manuel de Azcárraga y Palmero Fusionist Sort Luis de León y Cataumber Fusionist Tremp Rafael Cabezas y Montemayor Conservative Logroño Arnedo José Alonso y Morales de Setién Fusionist Logroño Tirso Timoteo Rodrigáñez y Mateo Sagasta Fusionist Santo Domingo de la Calzada Rafael Barrio y Ruiz Vidal Fusionist Torrecilla en Cameros Lorenzo de Codés y García Fusionist Lugo Becerreá Manuel Becerra Bermúdez Progressive Chantada Manuel Somoza de la Peña Fusionist Fonsagrada Pegerto Pardo Balmonte y Gil Fusionist Lugo Fernando Cos-Gayón y Pons Conservative Benigno Quiroga López Ballesteros Fusionist Manuel da Riba do Rego Fusionist Mondoñedo Cándido Martínez Montenegro Fusionist Monforte Rafael López de Lago y Blanco Conservative Quiroga Vicente Quiroga Vázquez Fusionist Ribadeo Eduardo Pardo Montenegro y Montenegro Fusionist Vivero Francisco Sanz Riobó Fusionist Madrid Alcalá de Henares Inocente Ortiz y Casado Fusionist Chinchón Manuel Ibarra y Cruz Fusionist Getafe Joaquín López Puigcerver Progressive Madrid Santiago de Angulo Ortiz de Traspeña Fusionist Pío Bermejillo e Ibarra Fusionist Antonio Cánovas del Castillo Conservative Ventura García-Sancho Ibarrondo Fusionist Pedro Martínez Luna Fusionist José Posada Herrera Fusionist Rafael Reig y Bigne Fusionist Francisco Romero Robledo Conservative Navalcarnero Luis Moreno Pérez Fusionist Torrelaguna Cirilo Fernández de la Hoz y Rey Fusionist Málaga Antequera Francisco Romero Robledo Conservative Archidona Juan Facundo Riaño y Montero Fusionist Campillos Adrián Risueño Pradas Fusionist Coín José López Domínguez Fusionist Gaucín José de Carvajal y Hué Progressive Málaga Antonio Cánovas del Castillo Conservative Bernabé Dávila y Bertololi Fusionist Juan Larios Enríquez Fusionist Ronda Cristóbal Rodríguez de los Ríos Fusionist Torrox Román Laá y Rute Fusionist Vélez-Málaga Luis de Rute y Giner Fusionist Murcia Cartagena Salvador Albacete y Albert Conservative Manuel Cassola Fernández Fusionist Julián Pagán y Ayuso Fusionist Cieza Antonio Cánovas del Castillo Conservative Lorca Juan Utor y Fernández Fusionist Mula Francisco D'Estoup y Garcerán Fusionist Murcia José Gómez Díez Fusionist Diego González Conde y González Conservative Pedro Pagán y Ayuso Fusionist Yecla José Alcalde Fernández Fusionist Navarre Aoiz José Manuel Urzainqui Surio Fusionist Estella Fructuoso de Miguel Mauleón Fusionist Pamplona Luis Díez de Ulzurrun y López de Ceráin Fusionist Enrique Larrainzar y Ezcurra Fusionist Gregorio Zabalza Olaso Fusionist Tafalla Ramón María Badarán y Echávarri Fusionist Tudela Luis Martos y Potestad Conservative Orense Bande Saturnino Álvarez Bugallal Conservative Carballino Eduardo Quiroga Pérez Fusionist Celanova Joaquín Becerra Armesto Fusionist Ginzo de Limia Ramón Barrio y Ruiz Vidal Fusionist Orense Vicente Pérez y Pérez Fusionist Puebla de Trives Gil María Fabra y Deas Fusionist Ribadavia Adolfo Merelles Caula Fusionist Valdeorras Manuel Quiroga Vázquez Conservative Verín Ramón Blanco-Rajoy Poyán Fusionist Oviedo Avilés Julián García San Miguel y Zaldúa Progressive Belmonte Faustino Allende Valledor Fusionist Cangas de Tineo Francisco de Borja Queipo de Llano y Gayoso de los Cobos Conservative Castropol Dionisio Pinedo Luis Blanco Fusionist Gijón Hilario Nava y Caveda Conservative Infiesto Bernardino Díaz de Rivera Fusionist Luarca Ventura Olavarrieta Fusionist Llanes José Posada Herrera Fusionist Oviedo José María Bernaldo de Quirós y González Cienfuegos Fusionist Manuel Pedregal y Cañedo Progressive Luis Pidal y Mon Catholic Union Pravia Constantino Fernández Vallín y Álvarez de Albuerne Fusionist Tineo Antonio Sánchez Campomanes Fusionist Villaviciosa Alejandro Pidal y Mon Catholic Union Palencia Astudillo Eugenio García Ruiz Progressive Carrión de los Condes Francisco de la Pisa Pajares Fusionist Cervera de Pisuerga Luis Polanco Labandero Progressive Palencia Saturnino Esteban Miguel y Collantes Conservative Saldaña Mariano Osorio de Lamadrid Fusionist Pontevedra Caldas de Reyes Hipólito Rodrigáñez y Mateo Sagasta Fusionist Cambados Rafael Antonio de Orense y Figueroa Fusionist Estrada José María Riestra López Fusionist La Cañiza Luis Rodríguez Seoane Fusionist Lalín Fernando de Valderrama y Martínez Fusionist Pontevedra Antonio Aguilar y Correa Fusionist Puenteareas Constantino Armesto y Cobián Fusionist Puente Caldelas Raimundo Fernández-Villaverde y García Rivero Conservative Redondela Manuel Ruiz Higuero Fusionist Tuy Ezequiel Ordóñez González Conservative Vigo Ángel Urzaiz y Cuesta Fusionist Salamanca Béjar Jerónimo Rodríguez Yagüe Fusionist Ciudad Rodrigo Luis Sánchez-Arjona y Velasco Fusionist Ledesma Luis Aparicio y López Fusionist Peñaranda de Bracamonte Manuel Ávila Ruano Fusionist Salamanca José García Solís Fusionist Sequeros José María Espinosa y Villapecellín Fusionist Vitigudino Manuel de Aguilera y Gamboa Fusionist Santander Cabuérniga Federico de la Viesca de la Sierra Fusionist Laredo Manuel de Eguilior y Llaguno Fusionist Santander Estanislao Abarca Flejo Fusionist Fidel García Lomás Fusionist Modesto Martínez Pacheco Possibilist Segovia Cuéllar Ángel José Luis Carvajal y Fernández de Córdoba Progressive Riaza José Oñate y Valcarce Conservative Santa María de Nieva José Oñate y Ruiz Fusionist Segovia Hipólito Finat y Leguizamón Conservative Seville Carmona Eduardo Bermúdez y Reina Fusionist Cazalla de la Sierra Ignacio Sánchez Martínez Fusionist Écija Juan Bautista Ávila y Fernández Fusionist Estepa Pablo Cruz y Orgaz Fusionist Marchena Francisco de Paula Candau y Acosta Fusionist Morón de la Frontera José Corbacho Reina Fusionist Sanlúcar la Mayor Fernando de Silva y Valle Fusionist Seville José Luis Albareda y Sezde Fusionist Joaquín Alcaide y Molina Fusionist Antonio María Fabie y Escudero Fusionist Federico Sánchez Bedoya Conservative Utrera Eduardo Surga y León Fusionist Soria Almazán José de Mesa y Flores Fusionist Agreda Ángel Tutor y Sanz Fusionist El Burgo de Osma Justo San Miguel Barona Progressive Soria José Canalejas y Méndez Fusionist Tarragona Gandesa Pedro Antonio Torres Jordi Fusionist Roquetas Alberto Bosch y Fustegueras Conservative Tarragona Pedro Nolasco Gay Sardá Fusionist Federico Pons y Montells Fusionist Mariano Rius y Espina Montaner Progressive Tortosa José Bosch y Carbonell Fusionist Valls José Castellet y Sampso Fusionist Vendrell Juan Cañellas y Tomás Fusionist Teruel Albarracín Carlos Rivera y Julián Fusionist Alcañiz Manuel de Pedro Esmir Fusionist Montalbán Fernando O'Lawlor y Caballero Fusionist Mora de Rubielos Antonio Igual y Gil Progressive Teruel Francisco Rodríguez del Rey Fusionist Valderrobres Juan José Gasca Ballabriga Fusionist Toledo Illescas Isidoro Recio y Sánchez de Ipola Fusionist Ocaña Venancio González y Fernández Fusionist Orgaz Segismundo Moret y Prendergast Progressive Puente del Arzobispo Rufino Mansi y Bonilla Fusionist Quintanar de la Orden Alfonso González y Lozano Fusionist Talavera de la Reina Ángel Mansi y Bonilla Fusionist Toledo José Pérez Caballero y Posada Fusionist Torrijos Manuel Benayas Portocarrero Fusionist Valencia Albaida José Iranzo y Presencia Fusionist Alcira Joaquín Martín de Olías Possibilist Chelva Manuel de Salamanca y Negrete Fusionist Chiva José Busutil Barberá Fusionist Enguera Carlos Testor y Pascual Fusionist Gandia José Cort y Gosálvez Fusionist Játiva Cirilo Amorós Pastor Moderate Liria Enrique de Villarroya y Llorens Fusionist Requena Ricardo García Martínez Fusionist Sagunto Mariano Ros Carsi Fusionist Sueca Rafael Sarthou y Calvo Fusionist Torrente Jacobo Sales Reig Fusionist Valencia Rafael Atard y Llobell Progressive Vicente Chapa y Olmos Fusionist Cristino Martos Balbi Progressive Valladolid Medina del Campo Germán Gamazo y Calvo Fusionist Nava del Rey Juan Muñoz y Vargas Fusionist Valladolid Miguel Alonso Pesquera Conservative Germán Gamazo y Calvo Fusionist José Nieto Álvarez Fusionist Villalón de Campos Ángel de la Riva Espiga Fusionist Zamora Alcañices Felipe Padierna de Villapadierna y Muñiz Fusionist Benavente Enrique Tordesillas y O'Donnell Fusionist Puebla de Sanabria Felipe Rodríguez y Rodríguez Fusionist Toro José de León y Molina Fusionist Villalpando Ricardo Muñiz Viglietti Fusionist Zamora Práxedes Mateo Sagasta y Escolar Fusionist Zaragoza Belchite Miguel Sinues Lezaun Fusionist Calatayud Celestino Aranda y Jiménez Fusionist Caspe Juan Mompeón y Goser Fusionist Daroca Manuel Ballesteros y Contín Fusionist Ejea de los Caballeros Mariano Arredondo y Collar Fusionist La Almunia Rafael Serrano de Acebrón Fusionist Tarazona Emilio Navarro y Ochoteco Fusionist Zaragoza Tomás Castellano y Villarroya Conservative Joaquín Gil Berges Possibilist Juan Salvador Herrando Fusionist Cumulative voting Eugenio Montero Ríos Fusionist By-elections Constituency Date Elected member Allegiance Cause Puebla de Sanabria 4 November 1881 Felipe Rodríguez y Rodríguez Fusionist Incapacitation of Felipe Rodríguez y Rodríguez Algeciras 27 November 1881 José González Roncero Fusionist Incapacitation of José González de la Vega Cáceres 4 December 1881 Manuel Falcó y Osorio d'Adda y Gutiérrez de los Ríos Fusionist Nullification of the election of Manuel Falcó y Osorio d'Adda Mataró 4 December 1881 José García Oliver Fusionist Incapacitation of Francisco Taulina y Garriga Salas de los Infantes 29 January 1882 Enrique Santana López Fusionist Resignation of Pedro González Marrón Castrojeriz 5 February 1882 Andrés Caballero y Muguiro Fusionist Resignation of Manuel Alonso Martínez Carmona 23 April 1882 Eduardo Bermúdez y Reina Fusionist Resignation of Eduardo Bermúdez y Reina Lucena del Cid 23 April 1882 Emilio Sánchez Pastor Fusionist Death of José María Tuero y Madrid Huéscar 30 April 1882 José Carreño de la Cuadra Fusionist Resignation of José Carreño de la Cuadra Nava del Rey 7 May 1882 Pedro Antonio Pimentel Arévalo Fusionist Resignation of Juan Muñoz y Vargas Dolores 21 May 1882 José de Granda González Fusionist Resignation of Manuel González Llana Lérida 21 May 1882 José María Celleruelo y Poviones Possibilist Choice of Borjas by Jaime Nuet y Minguell Benabarre 2 July 1882 Francisco Moncasi y Castel Conservative Death of Manuel León Moncasi y Castel Ribadeo 2 July 1882 Rafael Monares Insa Fusionist Death of Eduardo Pardo Montenegro y Montenegro La Almunia 9 July 1882 José Ferreras Toro Fusionist Death of Rafael Serrano de Acebrón Chelva 16 July 1882 Manuel de Salamanca y Negrete Fusionist Resignation of Manuel de Salamanca y Negrete Grazalema 6 August 1882 Leandro Antolín Ruiz Martínez Conservative Resignation of Francisco Ruiz Martínez Gandesa 20 August 1882 Pedro Antonio Torres Jordi Fusionist Resignation of Pedro Antonio Torres Jordi Orihuela 20 August 1882 Trinitario Ruiz Capdepón Fusionist Resignation of Trinitario Ruiz Capdepón Alcalá de Henares 21 January 1883 Inocente Ortiz y Casado Fusionist Resignation of Inocente Ortiz y Casado La Vecilla 4 February 1883 Ricardo Muñoz Viglietti Unknown Death of Juan Piñán y Alonso de la Barcena Sagunto 4 February 1883 Federico Loygorri de la Torre Fusionist Death of Mariano Ros Carsi Torroella de Montgrí 26 February 1883 Alberto Quintana y Combis Fusionist Resignation of Alberto Quintana y Combis Boltaña 4 March 1883 Ramón de La Cadena y Laguna Fusionist Resignation of Ramón de La Cadena y Laguna Ciudad Real 4 March 1883 Luis del Rey y Medrano Fusionist Resignation of Luis del Rey y Medrano Tarazona 4 March 1883 Emilio Navarro y Ochoteco Fusionist Resignation of Emilio Navarro y Ochoteco Albacete 11 March 1883 Fernando Salamanca y Livermore Fusionist Death of José Salamanca y Mayol La Bisbal 18 March 1883 Alberto Camps y Armet Conservative Nullification of the election of Francisco Sala y Pou Alcaraz 25 March 1883 Octavio Cuartero Cifuentes Fusionist Resignation of Antonio Ortiz y Ustáriz Astudillo 25 March 1883 Lorenzo García Benito Fusionist Death of Eugenio García Ruiz Chantada 25 March 1883 Isidro Aguado y Mora Fusionist Resignation of Manuel Somoza de la Peña Cuenca 25 March 1883 Joaquín María Girón y Font Unknown Resignation of Leandro Rubio Martínez Granollers 25 March 1883 Antonio Ferratges de Mesa Ballester Fusionist Resignation of Antonio Ferratges de Mesa Ballester Logroño 25 March 1883 Tirso Timoteo Rodrigáñez y Mateo Sagasta Fusionist Resignation of Tirso Timoteo Rodrigáñez y Mateo Sagasta Mondoñedo 25 March 1883 Cándido Martínez Montenegro Fusionist Resignation of Cándido Martínez Montenegro Pamplona 25 March 1883 Miguel Díez de Ulzurrun y López de Ceráin Fusionist Resignation of Gregorio Zabalza Olaso Pamplona 25 March 1883 Wenceslao Martínez Aquerreta Fusionist Resignation Enrique Larrainzar y Ezcurra Solsona 25 March 1883 Manuel de Azcárraga y Palmero Fusionist Resignation of Manuel de Azcárraga y Palmero Valencia de Don Juan 25 March 1883 Demetrio Alonso Castrillo Fusionist Resignation of Demetrio Alonso Castrillo Motril 1 April 1883 Francisco Moreu Sánchez Fusionist Nullification of the election of Gaspar Esteva Moreu San Feliú de Llobregat 1 April 1883 José Ramoneda y Monés Fusionist Nullification of the election of Miguel Elías Marchal Medina del Campo 8 April 1883 Francisco López Flores Unknown Choice of Valladolid by Germán Gamazo y Calvo Sigüenza 15 April 1883 Antonio Botija Fajardo Fusionist Resignation of Rafael Ruiz Martínez Cervera 22 April 1883 Vicente Alonso Martínez y Martín Fusionist Choice of Burgos by Manuel Alonso Martínez Lorca 22 April 1883 Miguel Abellán y Pinar Unknown Nullification of the election of Juan Utor y Fernández Tolosa 22 April 1883 Manuel de la Torre Ortiz y Gil Conservative Resignation of Joaquín Gorostegui y Garagarza Betanzos 6 May 1883 Antonio Vázquez y López Amor Fusionist Nullification of the election of Antonio Vázquez y López Amor Castelltersol 20 May 1883 Federico Pons y Montells Fusionist Nullification of the election of Antonio Rodó y Casanova Estella 20 May 1883 José María Martínez de Ubago y Rodríguez Conservative Resignation of Fructuoso de Miguel Mauleón Puenteareas 20 May 1883 Castor García Fernández Unknown Nullification of the election of Constantino Armesto y Cobián San Clemente 20 May 1883 Joaquín Risueño Briz Unknown Choice of Becerreá by Manuel Becerra Bermúdez Sequeros 20 May 1883 Fermín Hernández Iglesias Conservative Nullification of the election of José María Espinosa y Villapecellín Medina-Sidonia 27 May 1883 Francisco Ruiz Martínez Conservative Incapacitation of Antonio Álvarez Jiménez Cazalla de la Sierra 24 June 1883 Luis Calatrava y López Vadillo Unknown Death of Ignacio Sánchez Martínez Montilla 18 July 1883 Manuel Mariategui y Vinyals Conservative Resignation of Antonio Aguilar y Correa Villacarrillo 22 July 1883 Genaro de la Parra y Aguilar Fusionist Choice of Sorbas by Carlos Navarro y Rodrigo Cádiz 26 August 1883 Alonso Álvarez de Toledo y Caro Fusionist Resignation of Eduardo Genovés y Puig Cádiz 26 August 1883 Eduardo Garrido Estrada Conservative Death of José González de la Vega Puentedeume 2 September 1883 Gaspar Rodríguez y Rodríguez Fusionist Resignation of Daniel Rodríguez y Rodríguez Avilés 20 January 1884 Julián García San Miguel y Zaldúa Progressive Resignation of Julián García San Miguel y Zaldúa Daimiel 20 January 1884 Emilio Nieto y Pérez Progressive Resignation of Emilio Nieto y Pérez Ejea de los Caballeros 20 January 1884 Ángel Ramírez Carrera Unknown Resignation of Mariano Arredondo y Collar Getafe 20 January 1884 Joaquín López Puigcerver Progressive Resignation of Joaquín López Puigcerver Laredo 20 January 1884 Manuel de Eguilior y Llaguno Fusionist Resignation of Manuel de Eguilior y Llaguno Soria 20 January 1884 José Canalejas y Méndez Fusionist Resignation of José Canalejas y Méndez Villanueva y Geltrú 20 January 1884 Víctor Balaguer y Cirera Dynastic Left Resignation of Víctor Balaguer y Cirera Albocácer 3 February 1884 Bernardo de Frau y Mesa Fusionist Resignation of Carlos Espinosa de los Monteros Martos 3 February 1884 Joaquín Ruiz Jiménez Fusionist Resignation of Eduardo León y Llerena Marchena 17 February 1884 Francisco Ruiz Martínez Fusionist Death of Francisco de Paula Candau y Acosta Vitoria 17 February 1884 Sebastián Abreu y Cerain Conservative Death of Ramón Ortiz de Zárate Martínez de Galarreta Mataró 24 February 1884 Juan Martínez Illescas y Moreno Unknown Incapacitation of José García Oliver Senate + ← Summary of the 2 September 1881 Senate of Spain election results → center|375px Parties and alliances Seats Liberal Fusionist Party (Fusionistas) 135 Liberal Conservative Party (Conservadores) 15 Progressive–Possibilist Democrats (Demócratas) 12 Democratic Progressive Party (PPD) 8 Democratic Party (PD) 4 Independents (Independientes) 8 Archbishops (Arzobispos) 10 Total elective seats 180 Sources3 September 1881 http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0000593783&page=1 Las elecciones y el Senado es National Library of Spain El Imparcial 12 December 20203 September 1881 http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/1881/09/03/pagina-16/34711654/pdf.html Segun cálculos muy verosímiles, las oposiciones traerán al Senado 15 demócratas, 12 conservadores, 10 ultramontanos y 3 independientes es La Vanguardia 12 December 20204 September 1881 http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0000411281&page=1 Más noticias sobre senadores es National Library of Spain La Época 13 December 2020 Seats #ddd 550px 500px Fusionist Liberal Party (Spain, 1880) 75.00 Conservative Conservative Party (Spain) 8.33 Democratic #AE2788 6.67 Independent Independent politician 0.56 Archbishops Nonpartisan 5.56 Notes References Bibliography Legislation 30em y Ley mandando que los distritos para las elecciones de Diputados a Cortes sean los que se expresan en la división adjunta Law 1 January 1871 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1871/027/A00217-00232.pdf 21 August 2022 Law of 1 January 1871 y Decreto mandando se verifiquen en Puerto Rico las elecciones ordinarias de Senadores y Diputados a Cortes Decree 1 April 1871 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1871/104/A00841-00842.pdf 19 August 2022 Decree of 1 April 1871 y Constitución de la Monarquía Española Constitution 30 June 1876 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1876/184/A00009-00012.pdf 19 August 2022 Constitution 1876 y Ley electoral de Senadores Law 8 February 1877 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1877/041/A00373-00375.pdf 19 August 2022 Law of 8 February 1877 y Ley electoral de los Diputados a Cortes Law 28 December 1878 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1878/364/A00885-00890.pdf 19 August 2022 Law of 28 December 1878 y Ley dictando reglas para la elección de Senadores en las islas de Cuba y Puerto Rico Law 9 January 1879 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1879/015/A00137-00137.pdf 19 August 2022 Law of 9 January 1879 y Decreto dividiendo la isla de Cuba en distritos electorales para la elección de Diputados a Cortes Decree 31 January 1879 Havana Gazette University of Miami es https://digitalcollections.library.miami.edu/digital/collection/cubanlaw/id/36928/rec/73 3 April 2026 Decree of 31 January 1879 y Ley enumerando los empleos con los cuales es compatible el cargo de Diputado a Cortes Law 7 March 1880 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1880/069/A00623-00623.pdf 15 August 2025 Law of 7 March 1880 y Real decreto declarando disueltos el Congreso de los Diputados y la parte electiva del Senado Royal Decree 25 June 1881 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1881/177/A00871-00871.pdf 18 August 2025 Royal Decree of 25 June 1881 y Real decreto determinando el número de Senadores que habrán de elegirse en cada una de las provincias con motivo de las próximas elecciones Royal Decree 30 June 1881 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1881/184/A00023-00023.pdf 11 October 2025 Royal Decree of 30 June 1881 Other 30em López Domínguez José María 1976 Elecciones y partidos políticos de Puerto Rico: 1809-1898 https://eprints.ucm.es/id/eprint/54455/1/5327102689.pdf es Puerto Rico Complutense University of Madrid 1 11 September 2022 Calero Antonio María 1987 La prerrogativa regia en la Restauración: teoría y práctica (1875-1902) https://www.cepc.gob.es/sites/default/files/2021-12/16390repne055275.pdf Madrid Centre for Political and Constitutional Studies es Revista de Estudios Políticos 55 273–315 0048-7694 Ortega Álvarez Luis Santaolaya Machetti Pablo 1996 Evolución histórica del sistema electoral español https://revista.cortesgenerales.es/rcg/article/view/784 es Cortes Generales Revista de las Cortes Generales 37 0213-0130 10.33426/rcg/1996/37/784 65–107 free Martorell Linares Miguel Ángel 1997 La crisis parlamentaria de 1913-1917. La quiebra del sistema de relaciones parlamentarias de la Restauración https://www.cepc.gob.es/sites/default/files/2021-12/17089repne096139.pdf Madrid Centre for Political and Constitutional Studies es Revista de Estudios Políticos 96 137–161 0048-7694 Martínez Ruiz Enrique Maqueda Abreu Consuelo De Diego Emilio 1999 Atlas histórico de España. El Reinado de Alfonso XII (1875-1885) https://books.google.com/books?id=U_RL9S5uSF8C&pg=PA105 es 2 Bilbao Ediciones KAL 105–111 9788470903502 Roldán de Montaud Inés 1999 Política y elecciones en Cuba durante la restauración https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=27552 es Revista de Estudios Políticos 104 245–287 19 December 2020 García Muñoz Montserrat 2002 La documentación electoral y el fichero histórico de diputados https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/RGID/article/view/RGID0202120093A es Revista General de Información y Documentación 12 1 93–137 1132-1873 13 September 2020 Carreras de Odriozola Albert Tafunell Sambola Xavier 2005 1989 Estadísticas históricas de España, siglos XIX-XX http://www.fbbva.es/TLFU/dat/autores.pdf es 1 Bilbao Fundación BBVA 1072–1097 II 84-96515-00-1 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20150924010950/http://www.fbbva.es/TLFU/dat/autores.pdf 24 September 2015 dmy-all Martínez Relanzón Alejandro 2017 Political Modernization in Spain Between 1876 and 1923 https://journals.umcs.pl/k/article/view/4152/5068 Madrid Maria Curie-Skłodowska University Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, Sectio K 24 1 10.17951/k.2017.24.1.145 145–154 free External links Historical archive of deputies (1810–1977). Congress of Deputies (in Spanish). Elections in the Revolutionary Sexennium and the Restoration. Historia Electoral.com (in Spanish). Category:1881 elections in Spain Category:1881 in Spain 1881 Category:August 1881 in Europe