1954 Nobel Prize in Literature

20px 1954 Nobel Prize in Literature Ernest Hemingway Swedish Academy 1901 https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1954/summary/ 1954 laureate ErnestHemingway.jpg "for his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea, and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style" Anders Österling 28 October 1954 (announcement) 10 December 1954 (ceremony) Stockholm, Sweden 1953 Nobel Prize in Literature 1955 The 1954 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the American author Ernest Hemingway (1899–1961) "for his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea, and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style."Nobel Prize in Literature 1954 nobelprize.org Following William Faulkner in 1949, Hemingway is the fifth American to be a recipient of the prize. Laureate Ernest Hemingway Ernest Hemingway is known for his succinct and lucid prose had a powerful influence on 20th century fiction. His works explore love, war, wilderness, and loss. The theme of emasculation is also prevalent in his works, most notably in The Sun Also Rises (1926). In 1952, he published The Old Man and the Sea, a work that was praised by the Swedish Academy when awarding the Nobel Prize.Ernest Hemingway nobelprize.org Among his other famous works are A Farewell to Arms (1929) and For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940). 180px|thumb|left|Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea The Old Man and the Sea Hemingway's short novel The Old Man and the Sea was specifically referred to in his Nobel citation. Drawing on his personal experiences as a fisherman in crafting the novella, it tells the tragic story of a Cuban fisherman in the Gulf Stream and the giant Marlin he kills and loses. It won the 1953 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. Deliberations Nominations Ernest Hemingway was nominated for the prize on four occasions between 1947 and 1954, the first three times by members of the Swedish Academy and in 1954 by an Austrian professor of English linguistics.Ernest Hemingway Nomination archive nobelprize.org In total, the Nobel committee received 35 nominations for 27 writers. The most number of nominations were for Halldór Kiljan Laxness with 6 nominations. Other nominated authors included André Malraux, Nikos Kazantzakis, Rudolf Kassner, Mark Aldanov, E. M. Forster, Gottfried Benn, Ramón Menéndez Pidal, and Robert Frost.Nomination archive nobelprize.org 5 of the nominees were nominated first-time among them Carl Jung, Ricardo Rojas, and Jaroslav Seifert (awarded in 1984). Two of the nominees were women: Henriette Charasson and Concha Espina de la Serna. The authors Sait Faik Abasıyanık, Frederick Lewis Allen, Juan Álvarez, Vitaliano Brancati, Frans G. Bengtsson, Maxwell Bodenheim, Ludovic Dauș, Stig Dagerman, Oswald de Andrade, Winnifred Eaton, Miles Franklin, Boris Gorbatov, Joseph Hergesheimer, James Hilton, Édouard Le Roy, Zofia Nałkowska, Mikhail Prishvin, Sokotsu Samukawa, Hella Wuolijoki and Francis Brett Young died in 1954 without having been nominated for the prize. Official list of nominees and their nominators for the prize No. Nominee Country Genre(s) Nominator(s)1Mark Aldanov (1886–1957)Soviet Union(Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic Ukraine)French Fourth Republic Francebiography, novel, essays, literary criticismSamson Soloveitchik (1887–1974)2Riccardo Bacchelli (1891–1985)Italynovel, drama, essaysAccademia dei Lincei3Julien Benda (1867–1956)French Fourth Republic Francenovel, philosophy, essays, literary criticismHolger Sten (1907–1971)4Gottfried Benn (1886–1956)West Germanypoetry, essaysErnst Alker (1895–1972) Bertil Malmberg (1889–1958)5Martin Buber (1878–1965)AustriaIsraelphilosophyFritz Strich (1882–1963)6Albert Camus (1913–1960)French Fourth Republic France(French Algeria Algeria)novel, short story, essays, philosophy, dramaBirger Ekeberg (1880–1968) Harry Martinson (1904–1978)7Henriette Charasson (1884–1972)French Fourth Republic Francepoetry, essays, drama, novel, literary criticism, biographyPierre Moreau (1895–1972)8Concha Espina de la Serna (1869–1955)Francoist Spain Spainnovel, short storyJacinto Benavente (1866–1954)9Johan Falkberget (1879–1967)Norwaynovel, short story, essaysHans Heiberg (1904–1978)10Edward Morgan Forster (1879–1970)United Kingdomnovel, short story, drama, essays, biography, literary criticismJohn Ronald Reuel Tolkien (1892–1973) Lord David Cecil (1902–1986) Frank Percy Wilson (1889–1963)11Robert Frost (1874–1963)United States 1912poetry, dramaSten Selander (1891–1957)12Franz Hellens (1881–1972)Belgiumnovel, poetry, literary criticismÉmilie Carner-Noulet (1892–1978)13Ernest Hemingway (1899–1961)United States 1912novel, short story, screenplayLeo von Hibler-Lebmannsport (1884–1956)14Juan Ramón Jiménez (1881–1958)Francoist Spain Spainpoetry, novelHarry Martinson (1904–1978)15Carl Jung (1875–1961)Switzerlandphilosophy, essaysErnst Alker (1895–1972)16Rudolf Kassner (1873–1959)Austriaphilosophy, essays, translationErnst Alker (1895–1972)17Nikos Kazantzakis (1883–1957)Kingdom of Greece Greecenovel, philosophy, essays, drama, memoir, translationHenry Olsson (1896–1985)18Halldór Laxness (1902–1998)Icelandnovel, short story, drama, poetryJón Helgason (1899–1986) Sigurður Nordal (1886–1974) Kemp Malone (1889–1971) Steingrímur Þorsteinsson (1911–1973) Hans Kuhn (1899–1988) Gabriel Turville-Petre (1908–1978) Prince Wilhelm, Duke of Södermanland (1884–1965)19André Malraux (1901–1976)French Fourth Republic Francenovel, essays, literary criticismGeorges Blin (1917–2015)20Max Mell (1882–1971)Austriadrama, novel, screenplayAustrian Academy of Sciences21Ramón Menéndez Pidal (1869–1968)Francoist Spain Spainphilology, historyGunnar Tilander (1894–1973)22Ricardo Rojas Sosa (1882–1957)Argentinapoetry, history, drama, pedagogy, essaysRamón Menéndez Pidal (1869–1968) and a number of learned societies and individuals23 Jaroslav Seifert (1901–1986) Czechoslovakia poetry, memoir, translationAlbert Prazák (1880–1956)24Herman Teirlinck (1879–1967)Belgiumnovel, poetry, essays, dramaRoyal Academy of Dutch Language and Literature25Gustave Vanzype (1869–1955)Belgiumnovel, drama, short storyGustave Charlier (1885–1959)26Tarjei Vesaas (1897–1970)Norwaypoetry, novelSigmund Skard (1903–1995)27Georges Vouyouklatis (1903–1956)Kingdom of Greece Greecepoetry, essaysWriters Association of the Hellenes Prize decision thumb|Telegram from the Swedish Academy's permanent secretary sent to Ernest Hemingway, informing him about the Academy's decision to award him the 1954 Nobel prize for Literature. Hemingway's candidacy in 1947 was rejected by committee member Per Hallström, saying in a report that Hemingway's style of writing were too entertaining and lightweight. Hemingway was considered and rejected again in 1950, when the Swedish Academy found that his recent book Across the River and Into the Trees was not as strong as his previous works and also noted that Hemingway already had a great deal of success, and that he was unlikely to need the prize money.https://www.dn.se/arkiv/kultur/for-rik-for-beromd-for-dalig-hemingway-fick-vanta-pa-sitt-nobelpris/ För rik, för berömd, för dålig. Hemingway fick vänta på sitt Nobelpris Dagens Nyheter 23 January 2005 Swedish Nominated again in 1953, Hemingway was a serious contender for the prize in that year according to The New York Times, but his candidacy was postponed as members of the Academy thought that Hemingway and his wife may have perished in an air crash in Africa.Hemingway Is the Winner Of Nobel Literature Prize The New York Times 29 October 1954 Hemingway was included in the shortlisted nominees for the prize together with Albert Camus and Halldór Laxness – both authors were eventually awarded. Reactions Hemingway was a favourite to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954 along with Halldór Kiljan Laxness. In an interview, he expressed his gladness in receiving the prize, saying: "I am very pleased and very proud to receive the Nobel Prize for Literature." He modestly told the press that Carl Sandburg, Isak Dinesen and Bernard Berenson deserved the prize,Kenneth S. Lynn. Hemingway (1987), 574Carlos Baker. Ernest Hemingway: The Writer as Artist (1972), 38 James Mellow says Hemingway "had coveted the Nobel Prize", but when he won it, months after his plane accidents and the ensuing worldwide press coverage, "there must have been a lingering suspicion in Hemingway's mind that his obituary notices had played a part in the academy's decision."James R. Mellow. Hemingway: A Life Without Consequences (1992), 588–589 Because he was suffering pain from the African accidents, he decided against traveling to Stockholm.Jeffrey Meyers. Ernest Hemingway (1985), 509 Instead he sent a speech to be read, defining the writer's life: Writing, at its best, is a lonely life. Organizations for writers palliate the writer's loneliness but I doubt if they improve his writing. He grows in public stature as he sheds his loneliness and often his work deteriorates. For he does his work alone and if he is a good enough writer he must face eternity, or the lack of it, each day. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1954/hemingway-speech.html Ernest Hemingway The Nobel Prize in Literature 1954 Banquet Speech The Nobel Foundation December 10, 2009 August 2, 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180802223736/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1954/hemingway-speech.html live References External links Award Ceremony speech nobelprize.org List of all nominations for the 1954 Nobel Prize in literature nobelprize.org Category:Ernest Hemingway 1954 Nobel