2011 South African census

none May 2013 May 2022 3rd National Census 2001 South African National Census of 2022 ZA Census 2011 Logo.png 250px South Africa South African National Census of 2001 2011 10 9 y 2022 51770560 14.39% Gauteng Northern Cape 250px|thumbnail|right|Questionnaire A 250px|thumbnail|right|Questionnaire B 250px|thumbnail|right|Questionnaire C The South African National Census of 2011 is the 3rd comprehensive census performed by Statistics South Africa. The 2011 census was the first census to include geo-referencing for every individual dwelling in South Africa.A Geo-referenced Census Frame of Dwellings for the 2011 Census of the Republic of South Africa http://unstats.un.org/unsd/censuskb20/KnowledgebaseArticle10237.aspx United Nations Statistics Division (Census Knowledge Base ) 8 November 2011 27 October 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20211027034803/https://unstats.un.org/unsd/censuskb20/KnowledgebaseArticle10237.aspx dead How the count was done Planning The development of an overall strategy began in April 2003 in the rainbow nation,Census 2011: How the count was done 2012 Statistics South Africa 978-0-621-41392-2 http://www.statssa.gov.za/census/census_2011/census_products/Census_2011_How_the_count_was_done.pdf 25 November 2015 initially for a planned national census in 2006 to meet the United Nations global directive for a census every five years. After an application to the government, it was postponed to 2011 to improve strategies to reduce undercounting in gated communities, farmlands and rural areas.Getting everyone on board http://mg.co.za/article/2011-06-17-getting-everyone-on-board 25 November 2015 Mail & Guardian 11 June 2011 In February 2007 a large-scale Community Survey was conducted in all provinces. It was based on a random sample, enumerating households. The main objective was to provide data of geography at district and municipal levels, build a logistics capacity for 2011 and primary data for population projections. The results were released in October 2007 with the caution that figures must be read with a "certain interval of confidence".Statistical release: Community Survey, 2007 2007 Statistics South Africa https://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/P0301/P0301.pdf 25 November 2015 P0301 With lessons from the National Census in 2001 and Community Survey in 2007, a "team cells" approach was developed. This strategy was adopted mainly because of a skills-shortage, using experts from the United States, Kenya and United Kingdom to conduct on-the-job training for temporary Census staff. The programme was divided into a three-level hierarchy of sub-projects as follows: Head office with the main function of providing support to the lower levels. Provincial offices were responsible for coordination of all activities at their associated district and satellite offices. District/Satellite offices implemented the fieldwork operations throughout the country. During October 2010 a "dress rehearsal" was held, it tested all processed and refined the process to ensure a successful enumeration. There were a large number of non-response cases that were investigated by fieldworkers. This suggested that non-responses may be a "challenge" during the census night.Census 2011 'dress rehearsal': The aftermath http://www.gov.za/census-2011-dress-rehearsal-aftermath 25 November 2015 Statistics South Africa 3 February 2011 Pre-enumeration The pre-enumeration phase involved over 7000 temporary staff, who concurrently demarcated enumeration areas, evaluated questionnaires and developed satellite office logistics.Census 2011: Census in brief 2012 Statistics South Africa 978-0-621-41388-5 http://www.statssa.gov.za/census/census_2011/census_products/Census_2011_Census_in_brief.pdf 25 November 2015 The demarcation process involved dividing the country into "small pockets" of land, called enumeration areas based on administrative boundaries, size, and population density. The data used included satellite images, address data, gated community blueprints, sectional titles and sub-place spatial boundaries; sourced from private service providers and the geo-referencing Dwelling Frame Project. The objective of the project was to identity, locate and describe approximately 50% of dwelling structures in South Africa that have no address, predominantly in the former bantustans. It piloted in 2002 and was utilised for the first time in the 2011 National Census.Laldaparsad Sharthi A Geo-referenced Census Frame of Dwellings for the 2011 Census of the Republic of South Africa Innovative Methodologies for Censuses in the New Millennium August 2007 http://www.s3ri.soton.ac.uk/isi2007/papers/Paper09.pdf 25 November 2015 The geography division produced a list of 103,576 enumeration areas, a 25.68% increase of the 80,000 areas used in the 2001 Census.Census 2001: How the count was done 2003 Statistics South Africa 0-621-34294-7 http://www.statssa.gov.za/census/census_2001/theCount/Count.pdf 24 November 2015 These areas were classified into ten types: Formal residential, Informal residential, Traditional residential, Farm, Parks and recreation, Collective living quarters, Industrial, Small holding, Vacant, and Commercial. The Verification Project only audited 28.96% of enumeration areas between November 2010 and July 2011. This resulted in some large areas to be verified during enumeration fieldwork, in some cases the area was split by identifiable features on the ground and earmarked for extra fieldworkers. The development of the 2011 questionnaire focused on accuracy, relevance, interpretability, and coherence. There was a review of data points used in the 2001 Census and part of the review involved aligning the new questionnaire with best practises outlined by the United Nations Principles and Recommendations for Population and Housing Censuses. During 2009, a series of "behind-the-glass" test interviews were conducted with various Living Standard Measurement and language groups in South Africa. This research provided insight into the willingness of the respondent to answer "sensitive" questions, such as income, employment, mortality, fertility, disability and migration. The final questionnaires were printed predominantly in the English, Afrikaans and Isizulu, with translation guides for the remaining official languages, and split into three forms: Questionnaire A was designed for all people living in a households, including within institution grounds such as staff residences. Questionnaire B was for those in collective living quarters. Questionnaire C was for the population in transit (at ports of entry and exit) on Census night, including the homeless. The recruitment process for permanent and temporary staff was held between early-2007 and May 2011, it involved Capacity Building Training Projects, targeted recruitment, employment agencies and a nationwide advertising campaign through multiple channels. A projected 181,426 staff members were required for the Census, the phase ended with 169,225 recruited out 350,000 potential candidates – leaving a 6.96% shortfall. The largest gaps were in the Fieldwork Coordinators, Fieldwork Supervisors and Fieldworkers positions, as the Census was designed to be community based and some areas were without potential Fieldworkers. The logistics of Fieldworker payment was managed by Recruitment, Appointment, Administration, Payment, Termination and Reconciliation (RAAPTR) committee, who aimed to deliver payment a week after completion of work. Enumeration Stats SA indicated that they would be recruiting 156,000 individuals for the Census 2011 operation including 120,000 fieldworkers, 30,000 supervisors and 6,000 census fieldwork coordinators.Stats SA embarks on a massive recruitment drive for Census 2011 http://www.statssa.gov.za/census2011/recruitment.asp statssa.gov.za 1 November 2012 Census night was the night between 9 and 10 October 2011. Approximately 20 million questionnaires were distributed during the 21-day enumeration phase from 10 to 31 October 2011 and a two-week "mop-up exercise" following up on households missed during the enumeration phase.Census 2011 http://www.info.gov.za/events/2011/census-2011/index.html info.gov.za 31 October 2012Counting not done: Stats SA http://www.citizen.co.za/citizen/content/en/citizen/local-news?oid=236276&sn=Detail&pid=146858&Counting-not-done--Stats-SA- citizen.co.za 31 October 2011 31 October 2012 Data processing "The processing of about 15 million questionnaires commenced in January 2012, immediately after bringing the sealed EA boxes from the various census offices to the processing centre in Pretoria during December 2011. Each box, and its contents, was assigned a store location position via a computerised store management system. Each time a box was required for any process it was called up and allocated through this system." Post-enumeration survey "The PES collected data from all households in each of the selected EAs, based on particular questions in the census questionnaire. It also has specific additional questions focusing on where each person in the household was on census night. During data processing, these data from the PES are compared with the census data from the same households in a matching process, in order to determine how many people were missed in the census and how many were counted more than once. Reconciliation visits to the relevant households were undertaken when queries were raised that could not be resolved through matching of questionnaires." Controversy Undercount Stats SA announced that there was an undercount of 14.6% of the South African populationBerkowitz Paul 2012-10-30 Census 2011: The (incomplete) (probably inaccurate) sum of us https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2012-10-31-census-2011-the-incomplete-probably-inaccurate-sum-of-us/ 2022-05-12 Daily Maverick en with children under 5 years of age and white South Africans being amongst the most notable groups undercounted.Gumbo Jeremy Odimegwu Clifford 2015 Undercounting Controversies in South African Censuses https://uaps2015.princeton.edu/papers/151636 Seventh African Population Conference The undercount means that an estimated 7.5 million South Africans were not counted in the census which in turn implies that South Africa actually had an estimate of a national population of 51.7 million in 2011. Be counted or jailed Section 16 of the Statistics Act of 1999 outlines the duties of every person in South Africa to participate in the collection of census data and section 18 of the same act provides for prosecution of any person refusing to provide information required for the census. For the 2011 census Statistics South Africa specifically applied for permission from the court to enforce section 16 and 18 of the act.Census 2011: Be counted – or jailed http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Census-2011-Be-counted-or-jailed-20111021 8 November 2011 News24 21 October 2011 Crime-related incidents Stats SA put various measures in place to help the public identify legitimate enumerators as a result of security concerns.Security measures for census 2011 http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Politics/Security-measures-for-census-2011-20111004 24 December 2012 news24.com 4 October 2011Robbers pose as census workers http://www.iol.co.za/news/crime-courts/robbers-pose-as-census-workers-1.1154468#.UNhxruTqmz4 24 December 2012 iol.co.za 11 October 2011Samuels Simone Posters delay and robbers mar Census 2011 http://www.iol.co.za/dailynews/news/posters-delay-and-robbers-mar-census-2011-1.1155515#.UNhyvOTqmz4 24 December 2012 iol.co.za 12 October 2011 During the enumeration phase ending on 31 October 2011 crime-related incidents reported by census workers included 10 cases of assault, 15 cases of robbery and seven cases of intimidation. Eight staff members died in road accidents during this period. Fieldworkers strike On 31 October 2011 dissatisfied census workers in Gauteng protested over lower contractual fees than those advertised during the Census 2011 recruitment drive.Siso Sipho Census workers claim exploitation http://www.looklocal.co.za/looklocal/content/en/north-east-joburg/north-east-joburg-news-general?oid=4809182&sn=Detail&pid=490270&Census-workers-claim-exploitation looklocal.co.za 31 October 2011 1 November 2012Siso Sipho Census workers protest in Joburg CBD http://www.looklocal.co.za/looklocal/content/en/north-east-joburg/north-east-joburg-news-general?oid=4822320&sn=Detail&pid=490275&Census-workers-protest-in-Joburg-CBD looklocal.co.za 1 November 2011 1 November 2012 On 31 October 2011 Census enumerators in KwaZulu-Natal went on strike threatening to withhold completed questionnaires following an inaccurate report by a Durban newspaper that enumerators in other areas would be paid more than the R5,000 amount they had contractually agreed to. Statistician-General Pali Lehohla told reporters that all enumerators would receive a flat fee of R5,000 and that payment of census field workers was expected to cost a total of R700 million out of a total Census 2011 budget of R2.2 billion.Census workers strike http://www.iol.co.za/business/business-news/census-workers-strike-1.1168516 iol.co.za 31 October 2011 31 October 2012Madlala Mpume Census workers protest in Durban http://www.thepost.co.za/census-workers-protest-in-durban-1.1168892 1 November 2011 thepost.co.za 1 November 2012KZN census workers threaten to withhold forms unless their pay doubles http://www.witness.co.za/index.php?showcontent&global%5B_id%5D=71034 witness.co.za 1 November 2011 1 November 2012Census protesters attack photographer Mkamba Lungelo http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/kwazulu-natal/census-protesters-attack-photographer-1.1169896 iol.co.za 2 November 2011 31 October 2012 Homes of striking census workers were raided by the police who confiscated thousands of completed census questionnaires.Striking census workers' homes raided http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Striking-census-workers-homes-raided-20111102 news24.com 2 November 2011 31 October 2012 Approximately 3,000 frustrated census workers had still not been paid by the end of November 2011 due to bank payment problems.Irate unpaid census takers stage sit-in Prince Natasha http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/western-cape/irate-unpaid-census-takers-stage-sit-in-1.1189522 iol.co.za 30 November 2011 1 November 2012 Unrealistic findings The 2011 census data has been dismissed by manyApril 2022 because of unrealistic findings.Phillip de Wett http://mg.co.za/article/2012-11-01-is-census-2011-accurate-still-depends-who-you-ask Is Census 2011 accurate? Still depends on who you ask. Mail & Guardian 1 November 2012 2015-11-19 Key findings The first reports of statistics, published on 30 October 2012, showed a total population of 51,770,560.SAPA http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/SA-population-at-518-million-Census-20121030 SA population at 51.8 million – Census News24 30 October 2012 2012-10-30 Area: 1220813 sqkm Population: 51,770,560 Households: 14,450,161 Demographics Demographics of South Africa 79.6% of the population is black. The median age of the total population is 25 years but the black population's median age is lower at 21 years.Phillip de Wet http://mg.co.za/article/2012-10-30-00-sa-fuller-richer-older-wiser-and-better-serviced SA: Fuller, richer, older, wiser and better serviced | News | National | Mail & Guardian Mail & Guardian 30 October 2012 2012-10-30 Population pyramid, 2011|thumbnail|325px + Population change in South Africa by groupCensus in brief 2003 Statistics South Africa 0-621-34293-9 http://www.statssa.gov.za/census/census_2001/census_in_brief/CIB2001.pdf 24 November 2015Census in brief 2012 Statistics South Africa 978-0-621-41388-5 21 http://www.statssa.gov.za/census/census_2011/census_products/Census_2011_Census_in_brief.pdf Rank Group 2001 Census 2011 Census Change Percentchange 1 Black African 14.62% 2 Coloured 14.42% 3 White 6.60% 4 Asian or Indian 14.27% 5 Other No Data Total population 14.39% + Population change in South Africa by languageCensus in brief 2003 Statistics South Africa 0-621-34293-9 http://www.statssa.gov.za/census/census_2001/census_in_brief/CIB2001.pdf 24 November 2015Census in brief 2012 Statistics South Africa 978-0-621-41388-5 http://www.statssa.gov.za/census/census_2011/census_products/Census_2011_Census_in_brief.pdf Rank First language 2001 Census 2011 Census Change Percentchange 1 IsiZulu 8.18% 2 IsiXhosa 3.08% 3 Afrikaans 13.58% 4 English 28.47% 5 Sepedi 9.28% 6 Setswana 10.08% 7 Sesotho 7.95% 8 Xitsonga 13.35% 9 SiSwati 8.24% 10 Tshivenda 16.82% 11 IsiNdebele 42% 12 Other 116.87% 13 SA Sign Language No Data + Population change in South Africa by genderCensus in brief 2003 Statistics South Africa 0-621-34293-9 http://www.statssa.gov.za/census/census_2001/census_in_brief/CIB2001.pdf 24 November 2015Census in brief 2012 Statistics South Africa 978-0-621-41388-5 19 http://www.statssa.gov.za/census/census_2011/census_products/Census_2011_Census_in_brief.pdf Rank Gender 2001 Census 2011 Census Change Percentchange 1 Female 12.79% 2 Male 16.11% + Population change in South Africa by provinceCensus 2011: Statistical Release 2012 Statistics South Africa 14 http://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/P03014/P030142011.pdf 24 November 2015 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20151113203528/http://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/P03014/P030142011.pdf 13 November 2015 Rank Province 2001 Census 2011 Census Change Percentchange 1 Gauteng 32.55% 2 KwaZulu-Natal 8.54% 3 Eastern Cape 1.93% 4 Western Cape 25.10% 5 Limpopo 2.46% 6 Mpumalanga 25.60% 7 North West -4.44% 8 Free State 1.42% 9 Northern Cape 32.83% Total population 14.39% Education Education in South Africa Only 28.4% of South Africans over the age of twenty years have completed the 12th grade while only 33.8% even got to high school and 8.6% had no schooling at all. 12.1% have a tertiary qualification.SAPA http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Less-than-a-third-in-SA-have-matric-20121030 Less than a third in SA have matric News24 30 October 2012 2012-10-30 Household economic indicators There are about 14.5 million households in South Africa,SAPA http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/More-TVs-than-fridges-in-SA-homes-20121030-3 More TVs than fridges in SA homes News24 30 October 2012 2012-10-30 77.6% live in formal dwellings, 7.9% in traditional and 13.6% live in informal dwellings.http://www.southafrica.info/about/social/census-301012b.htm South Africa improves access to services SouthAfrica.info 2012-10-30 Average household income is R103 204 per year with 13.18 million of the population employed. Water supply and sanitation in South Africa A total of almost 1.3 million households have no access to piped water and as far as sanitation is concerned 8,242,924 have flush toilets, 297,847 households use bucket toilets and 748,597 households have no toilet at all.SAPA http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/13m-households-without-pipped-water-20121030 1.3m households without piped water News24 30 October 2012 2012-10-30 Domestic appliance ownership is as follows; 11.1 million have an electric or gas stove, 9.9 million own a refrigerator. Washing machines are found in 4.6 million households and 2.5 million own a vacuum cleaner. Car ownership extends to 4.3 million households. In terms of access to media and telecommunications 10.7 million own a television and 8.6 million have a DVD player while approximately 9.4 million have internet access, although not necessarily in the home. More than 12.8 million households have mobile phones. Health and welfare About one in nine South Africans are infected with HIV. 3.37 million children under the age of 17 had lost one or both parents and AIDS is blamed as a major factor.Mike Cohen https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-10-30/south-africa-s-racial-income-inequality-persists-census-shows.html South Africa's Racial Income Inequality Persists, Census Shows Bloomberg 30 October 2012 2012-10-30 Disability "Because "disability" was redefined as having difficulties with a series of tasks such as seeing, hearing and walking, the census recorded higher figures than in previous years, most likely as a result of people with such difficulties choosing not to be defined as disabled."Wyndham Hartley http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/health/2012/10/30/census-south-africans-mostly-a-healthy-nation Census: South Africans mostly a healthy nation | Health BDlive 30 October 2012 2012-10-30 The new method is based on the Washington Group on Disability Statisticshttps://www.cdc.gov/nchs/washington_group.htm Washington Group – Washington Group on Disability Statistics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 22 July 2009 2012-10-30 which replaced the previously used 1980 version of the World Health Organization's International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps. The two most used "assistive devices" are spectacles at 14% of the population and chronic medication is used by 12.3%. Walking sticks or frames, hearing aids and wheelchairs are used by 2.3% to 3.2% of South Africans. See also South Africa Mathematics South African National Census of 2001 South African National Census of 2022 Demographics of South Africa References External links Census 2011: Statistical release Census 2011 Enumeration at Statistics South Africa Census 2011 Products at Statistics South Africa Statistics Act of 1999 Category:Censuses in South Africa Category:2011 in South Africa Category:2011 censuses