1 Samuel 7

First Book of Samuel chapter 1 Samuel 7 1 Samuel 6 chapter 6 1 Samuel 8 chapter 8 First book of Samuel Old Testament 9 Nevi'im 3 Former Prophets Leningrad-codex-08-samuel.pdf 250px The pages containing the Books of Samuel (1 & 2 Samuel) in Leningrad Codex (1008 CE). 1 Samuel 7 is the seventh chapter of the First Book of Samuel in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible or the first part of the Books of Samuel in the Hebrew Bible.Halley 1965 179, 181 According to Jewish tradition the book was attributed to the prophet Samuel, with additions by the prophets Gad and Nathan,Hirsch Emil G. SAMUEL, BOOKS OF http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/13080-samuel-books-of www.jewishencyclopedia.com but modern scholars view it as a composition of a number of independent texts of various ages from c. 630–540 BCE.Knight 1995 62Jones 2007 197 This chapter records a victory of Israel under the leadership of Samuel against the Philistines as part of the "Ark Narrative" (1 Samuel 4:1–7:1) within a section concerning the life of Samuel (1 Samuel 1:1–7:17),Chapman 2016 90 and also as part of a section comprising 1 Samuel 7–15 which records the rise of the monarchy in Israel and the account of the first years of King Saul.Jones 2007 203 Text This chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language. It is divided into 17 verses. Textual witnesses Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008).Würthwein 1995 35-37 Fragments containing parts of this chapter in Hebrew were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, including 4Q51 (4QSama; 100–50 BCE) with extant verse 1.Ulrich 2010 267Dead sea scrolls – 1 SamuelFitzmyer 2008 354Q51 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library Extant ancient manuscripts of a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint (originally made in the last few centuries BCE) include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century) and Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century).Würthwein 1995 73-74The whole book of 1 Samuel is missing from the extant Codex Sinaiticus.Codex Sinaiticus Places Israel 240 right Southern part of Israel Places mentioned in this chapter Israel 31.8048 35.1124 Blue pog.svg 6 Kiriath Jearim 100 right Israel 31.885278 35.216389 Blue pog.svg 6 Mizpah 100 left Israel 31.7 34.847 Blue pog.svg 6 Gath 100 left Israel 31.77889 34.84992 Blue pog.svg 6 Ekron 100 left Israel 32.1151 34.9751 Blue pog.svg 6 Ebenezer 100 left Israel 31.942 35.222 Blue pog.svg 6 Bethel 100 top Israel 32.033 35.4757 Blue pog.svg 6 Gilgal 100 right Israel 31.85 35.23167 Blue pog.svg 6 Ramah 100 right Israel 31.5 35.3 Blue pog.svg 1 Dead Sea 100 right Israel 33 34 Red pog.svg 1 Mediterranean Sea 100 right Bethel Ekron Gath Gilgal Kiriath Jearim Mizpah Ramah Period The event in this chapter happened at the end of judges period in Israel, about 1100 BC. Analysis This chapter provides the background leading to the rise of the monarchy in chapters 8–12 by indicating the threat to Israel, here from the Philistines (cf. 9:16), and later also from other nations (11:1–15), as well as showing that theocracy, based on Israel's faithfulness to the covenant with God, brought success against the enemies, but later when Israel became unfaithful to God, a monarchy became a necessity.Jones 2007 204 The Ark at Kiriath Jearim (7:1–2) At the request of the people of Beth-shemesh (1 Samuel 6:21), men of Kiriath Jearim moved the Ark of the Covenant from Beth-shemesh to their city and installed it at the house of Abinadab. The people set aside Eleazar, son of Abinadab, as the guard (Hebrew: shmr) to the Ark, a term which may mean a priestly task of liturgical services to take care of it as a sacred object or the actual task of keeping people away from it (preventing curious peeking as in Beth-shemesh, that caused plagues there).Evans 2018 96 Both the names Abinadab and Eleazar often appear in levitical lists.Jones 2007 203 Eleazar seemed to perform his duties well as there was no reported casualties during the twenty years of the Ark being there.Evans 2018 96 The Ark stayed in Kiriath Jearim until David moved it to Jerusalem (2 Samuel 6).Evans 2018 96 Verse 1 Then the people of Kiriath Jearim came and took the ark of the Lord; they brought it to the house of Abinadab located on the hill. They consecrated Eleazar his son to guard the ark of the Lord.1 Samuel 7:1 NET NET Bible "People": in Hebrew literally "men".Note on 1 Samuel 7:1 in NET Bible "Kiriath Jearim" (also written as "Kirjath-Jearim" or "Kiryat Ye'arim"): now identified with Deir el-Azar (Tel Qiryat Yearim),Cooke Francis T. The Site of Kirjath-Jearim Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research 5 1925 105–120 10.2307/3768522 3768522 Robinson E. Edward Robinson (scholar) 1856 https://archive.org/details/laterbiblicalre01smitgoog Later Biblical Researches in Palestine and in the Adjacent Regions – A Journal of Travels in the Year 1852 Boston Crocker & Brewster 156 a place near Abu Ghosh on a hill about 7 miles west of Jerusalem.https://kiriathjearim.wordpress.com/ The Shmunis Family Foundation Excavations at Kiriath-Jearim The Shmunis Family Foundation Excavations at Kiriath-Jearim en 2019-12-29 "Abinadab": also the father of Uzzah and Ahio, the priests related to the transportation of the Ark to Jerusalem, as recorded in 2 Samuel 6:3–4, 6–8; 1 Chronicles 13:7, 9–11.Coogan 2007 408 Hebrew Bible Verse 2 And it came to pass, while the ark abode in Kirjathjearim, that the time was long; for it was twenty years: and all the house of Israel lamented after the Lord.1 Samuel 7:2 KJV KJV "Twenty years": may allude to "half a generation", fitting Samuel's story in the Book of Judges, where 'a period of foreign oppression precedes Israel's repentance'.Coogan 2007 408 Hebrew Bible Rematch with the Philistines (7:3–14) Although the Philistines had been forced to return the ark, they were still a threat, so Samuel surfaced to lead his people to fight, first by addressing the issue in verse 3, then by assembling the army in verse 5.Jones 2007 204 The battle in verses 7–11 'bears the marks of the holy war tradition', such as in Joshua 10:Jones 2007 204 an enemy assault causing panic among the Israelites; petition by Samuel, accompanied by sacrifice; YHWH entering into battle, causing a thunderstorm to confuse the Philistines; the Israelites pursuing the defeated Philistines.Jones 2007 204 These elements emphasize the basic claim that 'victory belongs to YHWH alone'.Jones 2007 204 Using a formula similar to those in the book of Judges (cf. Judges 4:23–24), the section concludes by stating that the Philistines were completely subjugated with Israel repossessing towns and territories formerly lost to the Philistines (near Ekron and Gath), restoring their position, as it was before an earlier battle at Ebenezer (chapter 4), a place with significant meaning, 'Stone of Help', reminding Israel that 'thus far the has helped us'.Jones 2007 204 The Israelites even made peace with the Amorites.Jones 2007 204 Verse 3 And Samuel said to all the house of Israel, "If you are returning to the LORD with all your heart, then put away the foreign gods and the Ashtaroth from among you and direct your heart to the LORD and serve him only, and he will deliver you out of the hand of the Philistines."1 Samuel 7:3 ESV ESV Samuel's address contains Deuteronomistic phrases, such as 'returning to the LORD with all your heart', and many expressions found in the book of Judges (cf. Judges 10:6–16 for 'remove foreign gods', 'serve him only', 'the Baals and Astartes').Jones 2007 204 Verse 5 And Samuel said, "Gather all Israel to Mizpah, and I will pray to the Lord for you."1 Samuel 7:5 NKJV NKJV "Mizpah": identified as Tell en-Nasbeh a few miles north of Jerusalem. It was an important tribal center and location of many prophetical activities.Jones 2007 204 "Pray": on this occasion was usually accompanied by two rites: (1) drawing and pouring water (water as the source of life, probably, in association with the Feast of Tabernacles and the Day of Atonement, as an essential element for a purification rite); (2) fasting was a sign of penitence.Jones 2007 204 Verse 12 Then Samuel took a stone and set it between Mizpah and Shen. And he called its name Ebenezer saying, "Thus far the Lord has helped us."1 Samuel 7:12 MEV MEV "Shen": according to Hebrew texts; Septuagint and Syriac manuscripts have "Jeshanah".Note on 1 Samuel 7:12 in ESV "Ebenezer": literally, "stone of help" or "the stone, the help", where 'the second noun is in apposition to the first one'; apparently forming the name by which the stone was known; cf. the expression used in 1 Samuel 5:1 and 7:12, where, unlike 4:1, the first word lacks the definite article.Note on 1 Samuel 4:1 in NET Bible Verse 13 So the Philistines were subdued, and they came no more into the coast of Israel: and the hand of the Lord was against the Philistines all the days of Samuel.1 Samuel 7:13 KJV KJV "All the days of Samuel": this phrase indicates that the statement summarizes Samuel's judgeship.Evans 2018 98 This directly contrasts with the characterization of the reign of Saul in 1 Samuel 14:52, as follows:Evans 2018 98 1 Samuel 7:13 1 Samuel 14:52 "all the days of Samuel" "all the days of Saul" "the hand of the was against the Philistines" "there was bitter war with the Philistines" The contrast displays the ineffectiveness of Saul's reign against the Philistines, but moreover shows how the people of Israel demanded a king during the time of military dominance over the Philistines under Samuel, thus lack of valid reason to replace theocracy with monarchy.Evans 2018 98 Samuel judges Israel (7:15–17) Samuel the prophet led Israel in the style of preceding "judges", who saved the people from their enemies (Judges 2:18), while also fulfilling a narrower judicial role (verses 15–17). In affirming the effectiveness of a charismatic, non-royal leadership, the inappropriateness of Israel's wish to have a king in subsequent events is established.Jones 2007 204 See also 22em Amorites Ark of the Covenant Ashtaroth Baalim Bethcar Domestic sheep Ekron Fasting Gaza Gath Joshua the Bethshemite Korban Philistines Philistine captivity of the Ark Shen Bible Related Bible parts: 1 Samuel 4, 1 Samuel 5, 1 Samuel 6 Notes References Sources Commentaries on Samuel Auld Graeme 1 & 2 Samuel https://books.google.com/books?id=2Vo-11umIZQC&pg=PA213 James D. G. Dunn and John William Rogerson Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible Eerdmans 2003 978-0-8028-3711-0 Bergen David T. 1, 2 Samuel https://books.google.com/books?id=eGT6fWsajqcC B&H Publishing Group 1996 978-0-8054-0107-3 Chapman Stephen B. 1 Samuel as Christian Scripture: A Theological Commentary Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company 2016 978-1-4674-4516-0 https://books.google.com/books?id=kS4XDAAAQBAJ Evans Paul 1-2 Samuel The Story of God Bible Commentary Tremper Longman Zondervan Academic 2018 978-0-310-49094-4 https://books.google.com/books?id=Uy8-DwAAQBAJ Gordon Robert I & II Samuel, A Commentary https://books.google.com/books?id=JMJ1ZAnswuUC&pg=PA338 Paternoster Press 1986 978-0-310-23022-9 Hertzberg Hans Wilhelm I & II Samuel, A Commentary https://books.google.com/books?id=friNN7IdjOIC&pg=PA19 Westminster John Knox Press 1964 trans. from German 2nd edition 1960 978-0-664-22318-2 19 Tsumura David Toshio The First Book of Samuel https://books.google.com/books?id=iLKAlhLDkMwC Eerdmans 2007 978-0-8028-2359-5 General Breytenbach Andries Past, Present, Future: the Deuteronomistic History and the Prophets Brill 2000 Who Is Behind The Samuel Narrative? https://books.google.com/books?id=uP22QHpnKq8C&pg=PA50 Johannes Cornelis de Moor and H.F. Van Rooy 9789004118713 Coogan Michael David Michael D. Coogan The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, Issue 48 Coogan Michael David Marc Zvi Brettler Carol Ann Newsom Pheme Perkins Augmented 3rd Oxford University Press 2007 978-0-19-528881-0 https://books.google.com/books?id=HmpMPgAACAAJ Fitzmyer Joseph A. Joseph Fitzmyer A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company https://books.google.com/books?id=TILXeWJ2eNAC 2008 978-0-8028-6241-9 Grand Rapids, MI Halley Henry H. Henry Hampton Halley Halley's Bible Handbook: an abbreviated Bible commentary 24th (revised) Zondervan Publishing House 1965 https://archive.org/details/halleysbiblehand00henr registration 0-310-25720-4 Hayes Christine Introduction to the Bible Yale University Press 2015 https://books.google.com/books?id=SKbkXYHxvlAC 978-0-300-18827-1 Jones Gwilym H. 12. 1 and 2 Samuel The Oxford Bible Commentary John Barton John Barton (theologian) John Muddiman John Muddiman Oxford University Press first (paperback) 2007 196–232 978-0-19-927718-6 https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ February 6, 2019 Klein R.W. Samuel, books of https://books.google.com/books?id=6OJvO2jMCr8C Bromiley, Geoffrey W The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia Eerdmans 2003 978-0-8028-3784-4 Knight Douglas A https://books.google.com/books?id=SNLN1nEEys0C&q=630+BCE&pg=PA62 James Luther Mays, David L. Petersen and Kent Harold Richards Chapter 4 Deuteronomy and the Deuteronomists Old Testament Interpretation T&T Clark 1995 978-0-567-29289-6 Ulrich Eugene The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants 2010 Brill https://archive.org/details/TheBiblicalQumranScrolls Würthwein Ernst Ernst Würthwein The Text of the Old Testament Wm. B. Eerdmans Grand Rapids, MI 1995 Erroll F. Rhodes 0-8028-0788-7 https://books.google.com/books?id=FSNKSBObCYwC January 26, 2019 External links Jewish translations: Shmuel I – I Samuel – Chapter 7 (Judaica Press). Hebrew text and English translation [with Rashi's commentary] at Chabad.org Christian translations: Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English) 1 Samuel chapter 7. Bible Gateway 07 Category:Ark of the Covenant Category:Philistines Category:Samuel