1538

1538 March 2011 1538 thumb|right|250px|April 26: The Battle of Las Salinas is fought in Peru thumb|right|250px|September 28: The Ottoman Empire defeats Europe's Holy League in the Battle of Preveza Year 1538 (MDXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. Events January–March January 14 – Leonard Grey, England's Lord Deputy of Ireland, successfully negotiates a truce in the semi-independent County Laois, formerly an Irish Kingdom, over the areas leadership. between Peter O'Moore and Rory Lysaght.O'Byrne Emmett October 2009 O'More (Ó Mórdha), Rory (Ruaidhrí Caoch) https://www.dib.ie/biography/omore-o-mordha-rory-ruaidhri-caoch-a6908 Dictionary of Irish Biography 10.3318/dib.006908.v1 24 February 2024 subscription free January 31 – General Johann Katzianer of the Holy Roman Empire, on trial in Vienna for the disastrous Imperial campaign against the Ottoman Empire and for desertion during the Battle of Gorjani, escapes and flees to Kostajnica Fortress in Ottoman-controlled Croatia. After 14 months, Nikola IV Zrinski has Katzianer murdered. February 8 – The Holy League, an alliance of Christian nations (the Papal States and the Republic of Venice, the Knights Hospitaller of Malta, Spain and the Spanish-ruled Viceroyalty of Naples and Sicily), is agreed upon under the direction of Pope Paul III and Venetian Senator Alvise Badoer. February 24 – Treaty of Nagyvárad: Peace is declared between Ferdinand I, future Holy Roman Emperor and the Ottoman Empire. John Zápolya is recognized as King of Hungary (Eastern Hungarian Kingdom), while Ferdinand retains the northern and western parts of the Kingdom, and is recognized as heir to the throne.Kenneth M. Setton The Papacy and the Levant, (1204-1571).: The sixteenth century to the reign of Julius III https://books.google.com/books?id=EgQNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA434 1984 American Philosophical Society 978-0-87169-161-3 434 March 18 – Garcia de Noronha is appointed as the new Governor-General of Portuguese India by King João III. He sails to Goa and arrives less than three weeks later. April–June April 6 – In India, Sher Shah Suri, who had been the Mughal Empire's Governor of the Bihar Subah province, declares the founding of the Sur Empire and crowns himself as Emperor in a ceremony at Delhi.Jenkins Everett Jr 2015 The Muslim Diaspora (Volume 2, 1500-1799): A Comprehensive Chronology of the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas https://books.google.com/books?id=kSYkCQAAQBAJ&q=coronation+of+sher+shah+suri McFarland 64 978-1-4766-0889-1 en April 26 – Battle of Las Salinas: In Peru, Almagro is defeated by Francisco Pizarro, who then seizes Cusco.Victor Wolfgang Von Hagen The Royal Road of the Inca https://books.google.com/books?id=HnEKAQAAIAAJ 1976 Gordon & Cremonesi 978-0-86033-009-7 108 en May 9 – Mary of Guise is wed by proxy to King James V of Scotland, while she is at the Château de Châteaudun and he is in London, with neither of the two seeing each other. May 10 – In India Mahmud Khan, 11-year-old the nephew of the late Sultan Bahadur Shah, is enthroned as Mahmud Shah III, Sultan of Gujarat.R. C. Majumdar, ed., The Mughul Empire, (Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, 2007)pp.391-398 May 27 – A joint delegation of Lutherans from various German cities arrives in England for meetings with King Henry VIII; Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury; and Thomas Cromwell, the former Chief Minister of England. June 18 – Truce of Nice: Peace is declared between Emperor Charles V and Francis I of France.Tracy James D. Emperor Charles V, Impresario of War: Campaign Strategy, International Finance, and Domestic Politics 14 November 2002 Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-81431-7 164 https://books.google.com/books?id=tXKMvr09dB4C&dq=truce+of+nice+francis+i+charles+v+%2218+june+1538%22&pg=PA164 26 August 2023 en The formal wedding of Mary of Guise and King James V of Scotland takes place at St Andrews Cathedral. June 19 – Dissolution of the monasteries in England: The newly founded Bisham Abbey is dissolved.Research Volume of the Surrey Archaeological Society 1988 Survey Archaeological Society. 978-0-9501345-8-1 5 https://books.google.com/books?id=uYBnAAAAMAAJ&q=%2219%20june%201538%22 26 August 2023 en July–September July 17 – The betrothal ceremony of 12-year-old Princess Elisabeth, niece of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor to the 17-year-old Prince Sigismund II Augustus, son of King Sigismund of Poland (who is also the Grand Duke of Lithuania) and heir to the throne, takes place in Innsbruck.Duczmal Małgorzata Jogailaičiai Vilnius 2012 Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos centras 166 978-5-420-01703-6 Lithuanian Birutė Mikalonienė Vyturys Jarutis The two are married five years later on May 5, 1543. July 25 – The city of Guayaquil, now the largest city in the South American nation of Ecuador is founded by Spanish conqueror Francisco de Orellana in the location of a Quechua native village of the same name. Orellana names the city "Santiago de Guayaquil".25 July 1538, OnThisDay.com. Accessed 6 August 2023. August 6 – Bogotá, Colombia is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada.Woods Sarah Colombia 1 September 2015 Bradt Travel Guides 978-1-84162-921-6 121 https://books.google.com/books?id=eI9VCgAAQBAJ&dq=Bogot%C3%A1+Gonzalo+Jim%C3%A9nez+de+Quesada+%226+august+1538%22&pg=PA121 26 August 2023 en September 18 – Ştefan V Lăcustă of the Bogdan-Musat dynasty in Romania is appointed as the new Prince of Moldavia by the Ottoman Sultan Suleiman, replacing uncle, Petru Rareș.The Ottoman Empire: The Classical Age 1300-1600 Halil İnalcık Praeger 1973 41 en September 28 – Battle of Preveza: The Ottoman fleet of Suleiman the Magnificent, under the command of Hayreddin Barbarossa, defeats the Holy League of Emperor Charles V, under the command of Andrea Doria.Selcuk Aksin Somel The A to Z of the Ottoman Empire https://books.google.com/books?id=tBoyoNNKh78C&pg=PA39 2010 Rowman & Littlefield 978-0-8108-7579-1 39 September 29– The last significant volcanic eruption in the Phlegraean Fields of Italy begins and lasts one week.Di Vito Mauro Lirer Lucio Mastrolorenzo Giuseppe Rolandi Giuseppe The 1538 Monte Nuovo eruption (Campi Flegrei, Italy) Bulletin of Volcanology 1 August 1987 49 4 608–615 10.1007/BF01079966 1987BVol...49..608D 128745563 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01079966 26 August 2023 en subscription Campi Flegrei: The 1538 Monte Nuovo eruption https://www.geo.mtu.edu/volcanoes/boris/mirror/mirrored_html/Montenuovo.html www.geo.mtu.edu 26 August 2023 October–December October 6 – The eruption the Italian volcano ends after seven days, having created Monte Nuovo. October 28 – The first university of the New World, the Universidad Santo Tomás de Aquino, is founded on the island of Hispaniola in Santo Domingo.Jiminez F. A. University rivalry in Hispaniola. Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 1979 55 7 700–707 393344 1808221 0028-7091Universidades españolas y americanas: época colonial 1987 CSIC Press 978-84-7579-444-0 452 https://books.google.com/books?id=jWYZ_ExqymkC&dq=Universidad+Santo+Tom%C3%A1s+de+Aquino+%22primera+universidad%22+28+de+octubre+de+1538&pg=RA19-PA10 26 August 2023 es November 5 – The siege of the Indian city of Diu ends as the Gujarat and Ottoman forces withdraw from the Portuguese held city.Benians Ernest Alfred Newton Arthur Percival Rose John Holland The Cambridge History of the British Empire 1940 CUP Archive 15 https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-08AAAAIAAJ&dq=Siege+of+Diu+Gujarat+%225+november+1538%22&pg=PA15 26 August 2023 en November 30 Sucre, Bolivia, is founded under the name Ciudad de la Plata de la Nueva Toledo. Dissolution of the Monasteries in England: Byland Abbey is dissolved.Newsome Clive The Abbey Trail July 2003 SIGMA PRESS 978-1-85058-803-0 79 https://books.google.com/books?id=Syg8cN9n6XgC&dq=Byland+Abbey+%2230+november+1538%22&pg=PA79 26 August 2023 enHistory of Byland Abbey https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/byland-abbey/history/ English Heritage 26 August 2023 December 17 – Pope Paul III confirms the excommunication of Henry VIII of England from the Roman Catholic church.Scarisbrick J. J. Jack Scarisbrick 1997 Henry VIII Yale University Press 2nd New Haven 0-300-07158-2 361 Date unknown Michelangelo starts work on the Piazza del Campidoglio on the Capitoline Hill in Rome.Zirpolo Lilian H. Michelangelo: A Reference Guide to His Life and Works 9 August 2020 Rowman & Littlefield 978-1-5381-2304-1 139 https://books.google.com/books?id=UTXsDwAAQBAJ&dq=Michelangelo+Piazza+del+Campidoglio+Capitoline+Hill+%221538%22&pg=PA139 26 August 2023 enAckerman James S. The Architecture of Michelangelo: Catalogue 1964 A. Zwemmer 50 https://books.google.com/books?id=EyURAQAAMAAJ&q=%20%221538%22%20piazza 26 August 2023 en The first in a decade-long series of severe famines and epidemics sweep central and southeastern China during the Ming dynasty, made worse by a decision of 1527 to cut back on the intake of grain quotas for granaries. In China, a tsunami floods over the seawall in Haiyan County of Zhejiang province, inundating fields with saltwater, ruining many acres of crops. This drives up the price of foodstuffs, and many are forced to live off of tree bark and weeds (as Wang Wenlu states in his writing of 1545). Births thumb|110px|right|Saint Turibius of Mongrovejo January 6 – Jane Dormer, English lady-in-waiting to Mary I (d. 1612)Clifford Henry The Life of Jane Dormer, Duchess of Feria 1887 Burns and Oates 15 https://books.google.com/books?id=qzy-buiQLGEC&q=1538 12 September 2023 January 10 – Louis of Nassau, Dutch general (d. 1574)Kindermann Jan Christiaan Lodewijk van Nassau de volmaakte ridder 1874 Beijers 10 https://books.google.com/books?id=8QhWAAAAcAAJ&dq=Lodewijk+van+Nassau+%2210+januari+1538%22&pg=PA10 12 September 2023 nl January 13 – Udai Singh of Marwar, Ruler of Marwar (d. 1595) January 15 – Maeda Toshiie, Japanese samurai and warlord (d. 1599) January 16 – John Frederick III, Duke of Saxony and nominal Duke of Saxe-Gotha (d. 1565)Stichart Franz Otto Galerie der sächsischen Fürstinnen biographische Skizzen sämmtlicher Ahnfrauen des königlichen Hauses Sachsen 1857 Fleischer 173 https://books.google.com/books?id=XH8AAAAAcAAJ&dq=Johann+Friedrich+III+%2216+januar+1538%22&pg=PA173 12 September 2023 de February 23 – Dorothy Catherine of Brandenburg-Ansbach (d. 1604) March 25 – Christopher Clavius, German mathematician and astronomer (d. 1612)Lattis James M. Between Copernicus and Galileo Christoph Clavius and the Collapse of Ptolemaic Cosmology 2010 University of Chicago Press 12 9780226469263 https://books.google.com/books?id=TtJlV4DvFYYC&dq=Christopher+Clavius+%2225+march+1538%22&pg=PA12 12 September 2023 April 24 – Guglielmo Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua (d. 1587)Pescasio Luigi Cardinale Ercole Gonzaga presidente del Concilio di Trento (1505-1563) 1999 Bottazzi 163 https://books.google.com/books?id=ShQmAQAAIAAJ&q=%20%2224%20aprile%201538%22 12 September 2023 it April 26 – Gian Paolo Lomazzo, Italian painter (d. 1600)Merzario Giuseppe I maestri comacìni storia artistica di mille duecento anni (600-1800) 1893 G. Agnelli 687 https://books.google.com/books?id=BSpAAAAAYAAJ&dq=Gian+Paolo+Lomazzo+%2226+aprile+1538%22&pg=PA687 12 September 2023 it June 30 – Bonaventura Vulcanius, Flemish Renaissance humanist (d. 1614)Cazes Hélène Bonaventura Vulcanius, Works and Networks Bruges 1538 - Leiden 1614 2010 Brill 79 9789004192096 https://books.google.com/books?id=1ExHmVzu2HsC&q=%20%2230%20june%201538%22 12 September 2023 July 12 – Infanta Maria of Guimarães, Portuguese infanta (d. 1577) July 28 – Alberto Bolognetti, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1585)BOLOGNETTI, Alberto https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/alberto-bolognetti_(Dizionario-Biografico) www.treccani.it 12 September 2023 it September 29 Count Johan II of East Frisia (d. 1591) Joan Terès i Borrull, Viceroy of Catalonia (d. 1603) October 2 – Saint Charles Borromeo, Spanish saint and cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church (d. 1584)Celier Leonzio San Carlo Borromeo, 1538-1584 1912 Desclee 22 https://books.google.com/books?id=HYbCYCiaJ3AC&dq=Carlo+Borromeo+%222+ottobre+1538%22&pg=PA22 12 September 2023 it October 17 – Irene di Spilimbergo, Italian Renaissance poet and painter (d. 1559)Kessel Elsje van The Lives of Paintings Presence, Agency and Likeness in Venetian Art of the Sixteenth Century 2017 De Grutyer 135 9783110495775 https://books.google.com/books?id=fVmtDgAAQBAJ&dq=Irene+di+Spilimbergo+%2217+october+1538%22&pg=PA135 12 September 2023 November 16 – Saint Turibius of Mongrovejo, Spanish Grand Inquisitor, missionary Archbishop of Lima (d. 1606)Valencia Vicente Rodríguez Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, organizer and apostle of South America 1956 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto Santo Toribio de Mogrovej 132 https://books.google.com/books?id=AG1XAAAAMAAJ&q=%2216%20de%20noviembre%20de%201538%22 13 September 2023 es June 12 – Francesco Gonzaga, Spanish Catholic cardinal (d. 1566)The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Consistory of February 26, 1561 (II) https://cardinals.fiu.edu/bios1561.htm#Gonzaga cardinals.fiu.edu 13 September 2023 July 25 – Diane de France, illegitimate daughter of Henry II of France (d. 1619)Library of the Ecole des Chartes 1849 Droz Bookstore 160 9782600051699 https://books.google.com/books?id=YT11oyCFfZ8C&dq=Diane+de+France+%2225+juillet+1538%22&pg=PA160 13 September 2023 fr December 8 – Miklós Istvánffy, Hungarian politician (d. 1615)Moenich Karoly Magyar irok nevtara 1876 Nirschy 389 https://books.google.com/books?id=s5fCUJuIimcC&dq=Mikl%C3%B3s+Istv%C3%A1nffy+8+december+1538&pg=PA389 13 September 2023 hu December 10 – Giovanni Battista Guarini, Italian poet (d. 1612)Literature Criticism from 1400 to 1800 2004 Gale Research Company 69 9780787669683 https://books.google.com/books?id=JpBkAAAAMAAJ&q=%2210%20december%201538%22 13 September 2023 December 11 – Sigismund of Brandenburg, Archbishop of Magdeburg, Administrator of Halberstadt (d. 1566)Clemen Otto Koch Ernst Kleine Schriften zur Reformationsgeschichte 1982 Zentralantiquariat der DDR 167 https://books.google.com/books?id=v1MXAAAAIAAJ&q=%2211%20dezember%201538%22 13 September 2023 de December 13 – Sigrid Sture, Swedish Governor (d. 1613)Sigrid Svantesdotter Sture https://www.skbl.se/en/article/SigridSture www.skbl.se 13 September 2023 sv December 19 – Jan Zborowski, Polish noble (d. 1603) December 21 – Luigi d'Este, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1586)Atti della R. Accademia delle scienze di Torino 1883 Stamperia Reale 1087 https://books.google.com/books?id=-9tDAQAAMAAJ&dq=Luigi+d%27Este+%2221+dicembre+1538%22&pg=PA1087 13 September 2023 it date unknown François de Bar, French scholar (d. 1606) Henry Herbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, Welsh-born statesman (d. 1601)Herbert, Henry, second earl of Pembroke https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-13028 2004 21 August 2023 en 10.1093/ref:odnb/13028 Ashikaga Yoshihide, Japanese shōgun (d. 1568)Frédéric Louis Japan encyclopedia 2002 Harvard Press 56 9780674017535 https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&dq=Ashikaga+Yoshihide+%221538%22&pg=PA56 13 September 2023 Caesar Baronius, Italian cardinal and historian (d. 1607)The Catholic Encyclopedia 1913 Encyclopedia Press 304 https://books.google.com/books?id=LwIjAQAAIAAJ&dq=Caesar+Baronius+%2230+august+1538%22&pg=PA304 13 September 2023The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Consistory of June 5, 1596 (II) https://cardinals.fiu.edu/bios1596.htm#Baronio cardinals.fiu.edu 13 September 2023 Lewis Mordaunt, 3rd Baron Mordaunt, English Member of Parliament (d. 1601)MORDAUNT, Lewis (1538-1601) http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1558-1603/member/mordaunt-lewis-1538-1601 historyofparliament.org 12 September 2023 June 30, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20230630084153/http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1558-1603/member/mordaunt-lewis-1538-1601 dead Deaths thumb|110px|right|Diego de Almagro January 8 – Beatrice of Portugal, Duchess of Savoy (b. 1504)Benevides Francisco da Fonseca Rainhas de Portugal: estudo historico com muitos documentos 1878 Castro Irmâo 348 https://books.google.com/books?id=AIVBFHonjg0C&dq=Beatriz+de+Portugal+%228+de+janeiro+de+1538%22&pg=PA348 13 September 2023 pt-BR February 3 – John III of the Palatinate, Administrator of the Bishopric of Regensburg (b. 1488)Frind Anton "Die" Kirchengeschichte Böhmens im Allgemeinen und mit besonderer Beziehung auf die jetzige Leitmeritzer Diöcese 1878 Tempsky 454 https://books.google.com/books?id=kbR-irxtstsC&dq=Johann+von+der+Pfalz+%223+februar+1538%22&pg=PA454 13 September 2023 de February 7 – Olav Engelbrektsson, Archbishop of Norway (born c. 1480).Olav Engelbrektsson Norsk biografisk leksikon Øystein Rian Helle, Knut Knut Helle Kunnskapsforlaget Oslo https://nbl.snl.no/Olav_Engelbrektsson no 19 June 2018 February 12 – Albrecht Altdorfer, German painter (b. c. 1480)Ernst Buchner German Painting at the Time of Dürer https://books.google.com/books?id=lp3qAAAAMAAJ 1960 Hirmer 26 en March 18 – Érard de La Marck, prince-bishop of Liège (b. 1472) April 3 – Elizabeth Boleyn, Countess of Wiltshire (b. 1480)Roy Neha Henry VIII's Imprisoned Women: The Women of the Tower 6 April 2023 Pen and Sword History 978-1-3990-9579-2 50 https://books.google.com/books?id=HRayEAAAQBAJ&dq=Elizabeth+Boleyn+%223+april+1538%22&pg=PA50 13 September 2023 en April 4 – Elena Glinskaya, Regent of Russia (b. c. 1510)Нечаев Сергей Иван Грозный. Жены и наложницы "Синей Бороды" 20 September 2011 Litres 978-5-457-17297-5 https://books.google.com/books?id=Im2JSEjmSnYC&dq=%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F,+%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0+%22+4+%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F+1538%22&pg=PT5 13 September 2023 ru And on April 4, 1538, Elena Vasilyevna Glinskaya herself, who was only thirty years old, suddenly died. May 8 – Edward Foxe, English churchman (b. 1496)Elton G. R. Policy and Police: The Enforcement of the Reformation in the Age of Thomas Cromwell 7 November 1985 CUP Archive 978-0-521-31309-4 255 https://books.google.com/books?id=C6o5AAAAIAAJ&dq=Edward+Foxe+%228+may+1538%22&pg=PA255 13 September 2023 en May 15 – Philipp III, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (b. 1482)Schaible Joseph Geschichte des badischen Hanauerlandes nebst einer medizinisch-statistischen topographie des 1855 Malsch und Vogel 50 https://books.google.com/books?id=MpFaAAAAcAAJ&dq=Philipp+III+%2215+mai+1538%22&pg=PA50 13 September 2023 de May 22 – John Forest, English Franciscan friar (martyred) (b. 1471)Makens Judith Hugh Latimer and John Forest: Rituals of Martyrdom Reformation January 2002 6 1 29–48 10.1179/ref_2002_6_1_003 145394860 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/ref_2002_6_1_003 13 September 2023 en 1357-4175 subscription Dillon Anne John Forest and Derfel Gadarn: A Double Execution British Catholic History May 2006 28 1 1–21 10.1017/S003419320001102X 163270338 https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-catholic-history/article/abs/john-forest-and-derfel-gadarn-a-double-execution/5157085B2FCB72E66ECC18B072644B9E 13 September 2023 en 0034-1932 subscription June 22 – Bodo VIII, Count of Stolberg-Wernigerode (1511–1538) (b. 1467)Zeitschrift des Harz-Vereins für Geschichte und Altertumskunde 1907 Selbstverlag des Vereins 273 https://books.google.com/books?id=ZFtEAQAAMAAJ&dq=Botho+zu+Stolberg+%2222+juni+1538%22&pg=PA273 13 September 2023 de June 30 – Charles II, Duke of Guelders (b. 1467)Royen Laetitia V. G. Gorter-Van Maria van Hongarije, regentes der Nederlanden: een politieke analyse op basis van haar regentschaps-ordonnanties en haar correspondentie met Karel V 1995 Uitgeverij Verloren 978-90-6550-394-7 230 https://books.google.com/books?id=-94RKP-Lc4UC&dq=Karel+van+Gelre+%2230+juni+1538%22&pg=PA230 13 September 2023 nl July 8 – Diego de Almagro, Spanish conquistador (b. 1475)Valdés Gerardo Larraín Dios, Sol Y Oro Diego de Almagro Y El Descubrimiento de Chile 1987 Andres Bello 306 https://books.google.com/books?id=V51PtGWb88UC&dq=Diego+de+Almagro+%228+de+julio+de+1538%22&pg=PA306 13 September 2023 es September 14 – Henry III of Nassau-Breda, Baron of Breda (b. 1483)Publications de la Section historique de l'Institute G.-D. de Luxembourg 1853 Institut grand-ducal de Luxembourg Section historique 234 https://books.google.com/books?id=Mps6AQAAMAAJ&dq=Heinrich+III+von+nassau+%2214+september+1538%22&pg=RA4-PA234 13 September 2023 fr September 28 – Mary of Bourbon, daughter of Charles, Duke of Vendôme (b. 1515)Achaintre Nicolas Louis Histoire Généalogique Et Chronologique de la Maison Royale de Bourbon 1825 Mansut 383 https://books.google.com/books?id=FzwWAAAAYAAJ&dq=Marie+de+Bourbon-Vend%C3%B4me+%2228+septembre+1538%22&pg=PA383 13 September 2023 fr October 20 – Francesco Maria I della Rovere, Duke of Urbino, condottiero (b. 1490)Miscellanea di storia italiana 1913 Fratelli Bocca. 286 https://books.google.com/books?id=QnkKAAAAIAAJ&dq=Francesco+Maria+I+%2220+ottobre+1538%22&pg=PA286 13 September 2023 it November 22 – John Lambert, English Protestant martyr (burned at stake)Womersley David Divinity and State 18 February 2010 Oxford University Press 978-0-19-925564-1 22 https://books.google.com/books?id=hZ8VDAAAQBAJ&dq=John+Lambert+%2222+november+1538%22&pg=PA22 13 September 2023 en December 28 – Andrea Gritti, Doge of Venice (b. 1455)http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/andrea-gritti_(Dizionario-Biografico)/ GRITTI, Andrea 59 Gino Benzoni date unknown Pierre Gringoire, French poet and playwright (b. 1475)Gringore Pierre Brown Cynthia Jane Œuvres polémiques rédigées sous le règne de Louis XII 2003 Librairie Droz 978-2-600-00836-5 27 https://books.google.com/books?id=noVZXWZlpg4C&q=%221538%22&pg=PA7 13 September 2023 fr Isabella Hoppringle, Scottish abbess and spy (b. 1460) Paganino Paganini, Italian publisher (b. c. 1450)Magno Alessandro Marzo Bound in Venice: The Serene Republic and the Dawn of the Book 1 October 2013 Europa Editions 978-1-60945-152-3 https://books.google.com/books?id=XcS2DwAAQBAJ&dq=Paganino+Paganini+died+%221538%22&pg=PT69 13 September 2023 en The year 1538 is also the death of Paganino Paganini. References