100 Gigabit Ethernet

Technologies for computer networking August 2026 40 Gigabit Ethernet (40GbE) and 100 Gigabit Ethernet (100GbE) are groups of computer networking technologies for transmitting Ethernet frames at rates of 40 and 100 gigabits per second (Gbit/s), respectively. These technologies offer significantly higher speeds than 10 Gigabit Ethernet. The technology was first defined by the IEEE 802.3ba-2010 standard IEEE P802.3ba 40Gb/s and 100Gb/s Ethernet Task Force http://www.ieee802.org/3/ba/ IEEE official web site June 19, 2010 June 24, 2011 and later by the 802.3bg-2011, 802.3bj-2014,100 Gb/s Backplane and Copper Cable Task Force http://www.ieee802.org/3/bj/ IEEE official web site 2013-06-22 https://web.archive.org/web/20130228173601/http://www.ieee802.org/3/bj/ 2013-02-28 live 802.3bm-2015, 40 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s Fiber Optic Task Force http://www.ieee802.org/3/bm/ IEEE official web site and 802.3cd-2018 standards. The first succeeding Terabit Ethernet specifications were approved in 2017.such as IEEE 802.3bs-2017 The standards define numerous port types with different optical and electrical interfaces and different numbers of optical fiber strands per port. Short distances (e.g. 7 m) over twinaxial cable are supported, while standards for fiber reach up to 80 km. 3 Standards The IEEE 802.3 working group is concerned with the maintenance and extension of the Ethernet data communications standard. Additions to the 802.3 standardhttp://standards.ieee.org/about/get/802/802.3.html https://archive.today/20121205103819/http://standards.ieee.org/about/get/802/802.3.html dead December 5, 2012 IEEE 802.3 standard are performed by task forces which are designated by one or two letters. For example, the 802.3z task force drafted the original Gigabit Ethernet standard. 802.3ba is the designation given to the higher-speed Ethernet task force, which completed its work to modify the 802.3 standard to support speeds higher than 10 Gbit/s in 2010. The speeds chosen by 802.3ba were 40 and 100 Gbit/s to support both end-point and link aggregation needs, respectively. This was the first time two different Ethernet speeds were specified in a single standard. The decision to include both speeds came from pressure to support the 40 Gbit/s rate for local server applications and the 100 Gbit/s rate for internet backbones. The standard was announced in July 2007https://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20070724-new-ethernet-standard-not-40-gbps-not-100-but-both.html New Ethernet standard: not 40Gbps, not 100, but both ars technica Reimer Jeremy 2007-07-24 and was ratified on June 17, 2010. thumb |A 40G-SR4 transceiver in the QSFP form factor The 40/100 Gigabit Ethernet standards encompass a number of different Ethernet physical layer (PHY) specifications. A networking device may support different PHY types by means of pluggable modules. Optical modules are not standardized by any official standards body but are in multi-source agreements (MSAs). One agreement that supports 40 and 100 Gigabit Ethernet is the CFP MSACFP Multi-Source Agreement http://www.cfp-msa.org/ official web site https://web.archive.org/web/20090404045046/http://www.cfp-msa.org/ 2009-04-04 live June 24, 2011 which was adopted for distances of 100+ meters. QSFP and CXP connector modules support shorter distances. http://www.nanog.org/meetings/nanog47/presentations/Tuesday/Hankins_IEEE_N47_Tues.pdf IEEE P802.3ba 40 GbE and 100 GbE Standards Update June 24, 2011 Greg Hankins October 20, 2009 North American Network Operators' Group (NANOG) 47 Presentations The standard supports only full-duplex operation.IEEE P802.3ba Objectives John D'Ambrosia http://www.ieee802.org/3/ba/PAR/P802.3ba_Objectives_0709.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20090824030540/http://www.ieee802.org/3/ba/PAR/P802.3ba_Objectives_0709.pdf 2009-08-24 live September 25, 2009 Other objectives include: Preserve the 802.3 Ethernet frame format utilizing the 802.3 MAC Preserve minimum and maximum frame size specified in the 802.3 standard Support a bit error rate (BER) better than or equal to 10−12 at the MAC/PLS service interface Provide appropriate support for OTN Support MAC data rates of 40 and 100 Gbit/s Provide physical layer specifications (PHY) for operation over single-mode optical fiber (SMF), laser optimized multi-mode optical fiber (MMF) OM3 and OM4, copper cable assembly, and backplane. The following nomenclature is used for the physical layers:Chief Editor's Report Ilango Ganga http://www.ieee802.org/3/ba/public/may08/ganga_02_0508.pdf May 13, 2009 IEEE P802.3ba 40Gb/s and 100Gb/s Ethernet Task Force public record June 7, 2011 8 Physical layer40 Gigabit Ethernet100 Gigabit EthernetBackplane100GBASE-KP4Improved Backplane40GBASE-KR4100GBASE-KR4100GBASE-KR27 m over twinax copper cable40GBASE-CR4100GBASE-CR10100GBASE-CR4100GBASE-CR230 m over Category 8 twisted pair40GBASE-T100 m over OM3 MMF40GBASE-SR4100GBASE-SR10100GBASE-SR4100GBASE-SR2125 m over OM4 MMF500 m over SMF, serial100GBASE-DR2 km over SMF, serial40GBASE-FR100GBASE-FR110 km over SMF40GBASE-LR4100GBASE-LR4100GBASE-LR140 km over SMF40GBASE-ER4100GBASE-ER480 km over SMF100GBASE-ZR The 100 m laser-optimized multi-mode fiber (OM3) objective is met by parallel ribbon cable with 850 nm wavelength 10GBASE-SR-like optics (40GBASE-SR4 and 100GBASE-SR10). The backplane objective is met with 4 lanes of 10GBASE-KR type PHYs (40GBASE-KR4). The copper cable objective is met with 4 or 10 differential lanes using SFF-8642 and SFF-8436 connectors. The 10 and 40 km 100 Gbit/s objectives with four wavelengths (around 1310 nm) of 25 Gbit/s optics (100GBASE-LR4 and 100GBASE-ER4) and the 10 km 40 Gbit/s objective with four wavelengths (around 1310 nm) of 10 Gbit/s optics (40GBASE-LR4). http://www.ieee802.org/3/ba/public/may08/index.htm IEEE P802.3ba 40Gbit/s and 100Gbit/s Ethernet Task Force, May 2008 Meeting May 13, 2008 Ilango Ganga Brad Booth Howard Frazier Shimon Muller Gary Nicholl In January 2010, another IEEE project authorization started a task force to define a 40 Gbit/s serial single-mode optical fiber standard (40GBASE-FR). This was approved as standard 802.3bg in March 2011. IEEE P802.3bg 40Gb/s Ethernet: Single-mode Fibre PMD Task Force official task force web site IEEE 802 April 12, 2011 http://www.ieee802.org/3/bg/ June 7, 2011 It used 1550 nm optics, had a reach of 2 km and was capable of receiving 1550 nm and 1310 nm wavelengths of light. The capability to receive 1310 nm light allows it to interoperate with a longer-reach 1310 nm PHY should one ever be developed. 1550 nm was chosen as the wavelength for 802.3bg transmission to make it compatible with existing test equipment and infrastructure. http://www.ieee802.org/3/bg/public/nov10/anderson_01a_1110.pdf Rationale for dual-band Rx in 40GBASE-FR Jon Anderson In December 2010, a 10x10 multi-source agreement (10x10 MSA) began to define an optical Physical Medium Dependent (PMD) sublayer and establish compatible sources of low-cost, low-power, pluggable optical transceivers based on 10 optical lanes at 10 Gbit/s each. http://www.10x10msa.org 10 x 10 MSA – Low Cost 100 GB/s Pluggable Optical Transceiver 10x10 multi-source agreement official web site June 24, 2011 June 21, 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110621004102/http://www.10x10msa.org/ dead The 10x10 MSA was intended as a lower cost alternative to 100GBASE-LR4 for applications which do not require a link length longer than 2 km. It was intended for use with standard single-mode G.652.C/D type low water peak cable with ten wavelengths ranging from 1523 to 1595 nm. The founding members were Google, Brocade Communications, JDSU and Santur. Leading Industry Peers Join Forces to Develop Low-Cost 100G Multi-Source Agreement December 7, 2010 Businesswire news release http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20101207005672/en June 24, 2011 Other member companies of the 10x10 MSA included MRV, Enablence, Cyoptics, AFOP, oplink, Hitachi Cable America, AMS-IX, EXFO, Huawei, Kotura, Facebook and Effdon when the 2 km specification was announced in March 2011. 10X10 MSA Ratifies Specification for Low Cost 100 Gb/s 2 Kilometer Links March 4, 2011 News release 10x10 MSA http://www.10x10msa.org/press_releases/10x10MSA_public_specification_released.pdf June 24, 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110718075117/http://www.10x10msa.org/press_releases/10x10MSA_public_specification_released.pdf 2011-07-18 dead The 10X10 MSA modules were intended to be the same size as the CFP specifications. On June 12, 2014, the 802.3bj standard was approved. The 802.3bj standard specifies 100 Gbit/s 4x25G PHYs - 100GBASE-KR4, 100GBASE-KP4 and 100GBASE-CR4 - for backplane and twin-ax cable. On February 16, 2015, the 802.3bm standard was approved. The 802.3bm standard specifies a lower-cost optical 100GBASE-SR4 PHY for MMF and a four-lane chip-to-module and chip-to-chip electrical specification (CAUI-4). The detailed objectives for the 802.3bm project can be found on the 802.3 website. On May 14, 2018, the 802.3ck project was approved. This has objectives to:http://www.ieee802.org/3/ck/P802_3ck_Objectives_2018mar.pdf Objectives www.ieee802.org 2021-10-22 Define a single-lane 100 Gbit/s Attachment Unit interface (AUI) for chip-to-module applications, compatible with PMDs based on 100 Gbit/s per lane optical signaling (100GAUI-1 C2M) Define a single-lane 100 Gbit/s Attachment Unit Interface (AUI) for chip-to-chip applications (100GAUI-1 C2C) Define a single-lane 100 Gbit/s PHY for operation over electrical backplanes supporting an insertion loss ≤ 28 dB at 26.56 GHz (100GBASE-KR1). Define a single-lane 100 Gbit/s PHY for operation over twin-axial copper cables with lengths up to at least 2 m (100GBASE-CR1). On November 12, 2018, the IEEE P802.3ct Task Force started working to define PHY supporting 100 Gbit/s operation on a single wavelength capable of at least 80 km over a DWDM system (100GBASE-ZR) (using a combination of phase and amplitude modulation with coherent detection). On December 5, 2018, the 802.3cd standard was approved. The 802.3cd standard specifies PHYs using 50 Gbit/s lanes - 100GBASE-KR2 for backplane, 100GBASE-CR2 for twin-ax cable, 100GBASE-SR2 for MMF and using 100 Gbit/s signalling 100GBASE-DR for SMF. In June 2020, the IEEE P802.3db Task Force started working to define a physical layer specification that supports 100 Gbit/s operation over 1 pair of MMF with lengths up to at least 50 m. On February 11, 2021, the IEEE 802.3cu standard was approved. The IEEE 802.3cu standard defines single-wavelength 100 Gbit/s PHYs for operation over SMF (Single-Mode Fiber) with lengths of at least 2 km (100GBASE-FR1) and 10 km (100GBASE-LR1). 40G/100G pluggable module types The electrical and physical interface on devices implementing 100 Gigabit Ethernet has undergone a process of miniaturization, as has been seen on older generations of Ethernet. Name Introduction 40GE 100GE Electrical interfacesrowspan="2" text-align:left Management interfacerowspan="2" text-align:left Physically large enough forMPO optical connectors Notes text-align:left XLAUI4× 10.3125 Gbaud NRZ text-align:left CAUI10× 10.3125 Gbaud NRZ text-align:left CAUI-4OIF-CEI-28G-VSR4× 25.78125 Gbaud NRZ text-align:left OIF-CEI-56G-VSR-PAM42× 26.5625 Gbaud PAM-4 text-align:left OIF-CEI-112G-VSR-PAM41× 53.125 Gbaud PAM-4 Single-issue form factors CXP4X25G Optical Modules and Future Optics http://www.ethernetalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Ethernetnet-Alliance-ECOC-2012-Panel-1.pdf Daniel Dove 2013-07-04 https://web.archive.org/web/20140211063909/http://www.ethernetalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Ethernetnet-Alliance-ECOC-2012-Panel-1.pdf 2014-02-11 live historical, limited standardization CPAK Cisco CPAK 100GBASE Modules Data Sheet http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/routers/ps5763/data_sheet_c78-728110.html Multi-Vendor Interoperability Testing of CFP2, CPAK and QSFP28 with CEI-28G-VSR and CEI-25G-LR Interface During ECOC 2013 Exhibition http://www.oiforum.com/public/documents/OIF-ECOC2013-WhitePaper.pdf http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160523052913/http://www.oiforum.com/public/documents/OIF-ECOC2013-WhitePaper.pdf dead 2016-05-23 2019-02-04 historical, limited standardization CFPhttp://www.cfp-msa.org/Documents/CFP-MSA-HW-Spec-rev1-40.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20180909073920if_/http://www.cfp-msa.org/Documents/CFP-MSA-HW-Spec-rev1-40.pdf dead 2018-09-09 CFP MSA Hardware Specification 2010-06-07 CFP MSA 2009 MDIO Generally phased out, but still seen for very high power or coherent optical transceivers. CFP2http://www.cfp-msa.org/Documents/CFP2_HW-Spec-rev1.0.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20220415154534if_/http://www.cfp-msa.org/Documents/CFP2_HW-Spec-rev1.0.pdf dead 2022-04-15 CFP2 Hardware Specification 2013-07-31 CFP MSA 2013 400GE Specification includes 400G usage (8 × 25.78125 Gbaud × PAM4). Generally phased out, but still seen for very high power or coherent optical transceivers. CFP4http://www.cfp-msa.org/Documents/CFP-MSA_CFP4_HW-Spec-rev1.0.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20220120023943if_/http://www.cfp-msa.org/Documents/CFP-MSA_CFP4_HW-Spec-rev1.0.pdf dead 2022-01-20 CFP4 Hardware Specification 2014-08-28 CFP MSA 2014 Generally phased out. microQSFPhttps://www.gigalight.com/downloads/standards/microQSFP-MSA.pdf microQSFP Specification Rev 2.5 2025-10-27 2026-04-16 microQSFP MSA 2016 I²C DSFPhttps://www.gigalight.com/downloads/standards/DSFP-MSA.pdf Specification for Dual SMALL FORM FACTOR PLUGGABLE MODULE 2018-09-12 2026-04-16 DSFP MSA 2018 Multi-generation form factors QSFP family no suffix QSFP+ QSFP28https://members.snia.org/document/dl/35503 SFF-8665 Specification for QSFP+ 4X Pluggable Transceiver Solutions 2025-10-27 2026-04-16 SNIA (2014) QSFP562× (2017) QSFP1124× (2021) I²C rowspan="2" QSFP28 is the most common form factor as of 2026. Slower/older transceivers can frequently (but not always) be used in faster ports. -DDqsfpdd The -DD variants in the QSFP and SFP families feature double-row connectors, giving them twice the electrical lane count and thus "Double Density".A -DD slot can accept a non-DD module, platform support for operating that transceiver is likely but not guaranteed. colspan="2" QSFP-DDhttp://www.qsfp-dd.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/QSFP-DD-Hardware-Rev6.3-final.pdf QSFP-DD/QSFP-DD800/QSFP112 Hardware Specification 2022-07-26 2026-04-16 QSFP-DD MSAThe initial version of QSFP-DD already supported 8× 56 Gbd = 448 Gbd total. Operation at half that speed is sometimes available.2×/4× (2016) QSFP-DD8008× (2021) SFP family no suffix SFP112(2021) rowspan="2" Hosts are commonly backwards compatible with SFP/SFP28 modules for 10GE and 25GE operation. -DDqsfpdd SFP56-DDhttp://sfp-dd.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/SFP-DDrev5.1.pdf QSFP-DD/SFP-DD112/SFP112 Hardware Specification 2022-03-11 2026-04-16 SFP-DD MSA(2017) 200GE OSFP family OSFPhttps://osfpmsa.org/assets/pdf/OSFP_Module_Specification_Rev5_22.pdf Specification for OSFP OCTAL SMALL FORM FACTOR PLUGGABLE MODULES 2025-08-09 2026-04-16 OSFP MSA4× (2017) OSFP800https://osfpmsa.org/assets/pdf/OSFP_Module_Specification_Rev5_22.pdf Specification for OSFP OCTAL SMALL FORM FACTOR PLUGGABLE MODULES 2025-08-09 2026-04-16 OSFP MSA8× (2021) Yes ×2 Multipliers in this table indicate the given module would be able to provide the given number of 100GE interfaces. This usage is common with breakout cabling, but must be supported by the platform. The higher the breakout ratio is, the less commonly it is supported, and these ports would normally be used for 400GE or 800GE. The electrical interface listed above doesn't necessarily tie into a symbol rate or encoding on optical media. A module may implement a gearbox to covert between encodings, sometimes even regenerating or converting between forward error correction schemes. For SFP and QSFP form factors, this was initially too power hungry but is now not uncommon. Optical transceivers supporting multiple symbol rates exist but are, while not rare, somewhat uncommon. On the host side, multi-rate ports are relatively common, meaning module slots can accept older/slower modules within the same physical form factor. However, support differs across platforms, and some can only switch rates for a group of several ports at once, i.e., all ports within the group must use the same symbol rate. 100G interface types In theory, any optical interface standard could be implemented in any form factor module, although the front surface of SFP modules is too small to fit an MPO connector. However, not all combinations have been manufactured. The list of available optical standards is: Name Standard Status Media Con nec tor Reachin m #Media(⇆)Total number of physical media (copper diffpairs/fibre strands) needed for a link, including both directions. #Lamb das(→) Number of wavelengths transmitted into one fibre strand by one end. Notes colspan="10" 100 Gigabit Ethernet (100 GbE) (1st Generation: 10GbE-based)https://www.nanog.org/sites/default/files/meetings/NANOG64/1004/20150604_Hankins_Evolution_Of_Ethernet_v1.pdf Evolution of Ethernet Speeds: What's New and What's Next Alcatel-Lucent 2015-06-03 2018-08-28https://www.ieee.li/pdf/viewgraphs/exploring_the_ieee_802_ethernet_ecosystem.pdf Exploring The IEEE 802 Ethernet Ecosystem IEEE 2017-06-04 2018-08-29http://www.ieee802.org/3/cd/public/May16/kipp_3cd_01a_0516.pdf Multi-Port Implementations of 50/100/200GbE Brocade 2016-05-22 2018-08-29 Links of this generation does not support any FEC.Line code: 64b/66b × NRZ - Line rate: 10 lanes × 10.3125 GBd = 103.125 Gbit/s (raw) 100GBASE-CR10Direct Attach 802.3ba-2010(CL85) phase-out twinaxialbalanced CXP(SFF-8642)CFP2CFP4QSFP+ 7 20 N/A Data centers (inter-rack);CXP connector uses center 10 out of 12 channels. 100GBASE-SR10 802.3ba-2010(CL82/86) rowspan="2" phase-out rowspan="2" Fibrered 850 nm rowspan="2" MPO/MTP(MPO-24) OM3: 100 20 1 OM4: 150 10×10G proprietary(MSA, Jan 2010) phase-out Fibre#F49AC2 1523 nm, 1531 nm,1539 nm, 1547 nm,1555 nm, 1563 nm,1571 nm, 1579 nm,1587 nm, 1595 nm LC OSx: 2k, 10k, 40k 2 10 (WDM) Multi-vendor standardhttp://www.oplink.com/pdf/S0303-CFP1C0XL2C000E1G_(web).pdf 10x10G 10km CFP Transceiver Oplink 2012-02-20 2018-08-28 colspan="10" 100 Gigabit Ethernet (100 GbE) (2nd Generation: 25GbE-based)https://www.xilinx.com/publications/prod_mktg/IEEE_Comms_Article.pdf IEEE Communications Magazine December 2013, Vol. 51, No. 12 - Next Generation Backplane and Copper Cable Challenges IEEE Communications Society 2013-12-01 2018-08-28 Specified to not use any FEC:Line code: 64b/66b × NRZ - Line rate: 4 lanes × 25.78125 GBd = 103.125 Gbit/s (raw) 100GBASE-LR4 802.3ba-2010(CL88) current rowspan="2" Fibre#F88379 1295.56 nm1300.05 nm1304.59 nm1309.14 nm rowspan="2" LC OSx: 10k 2 4 (WDM) 100GBASE-ER4 802.3ba-2010(CL88) current OSx: 40k 2 4 (WDM) FEC mandatory by specification: Line code: RS-FEC(544,514) × PAM4 × 92/90 framing and 31320/31280 lane identification - Line rate: 4 lanes × 13.59375 GBd ×2 (bit/sym) = 108.75 Gbit/s (raw) 100GBASE-KP4 802.3bj-2014(CL94) current Cu-Backplane 1 8 N/A PCBs;total insertion loss of up to 33 dB at 7 GHz FEC mandatory by specification: Line code: 256b/257b × RS-FEC(528,514) × NRZ - Line rate: 4 lanes × 25.78125 GBd = 103.125 Gbit/s (raw) 100GBASE-KR4 802.3bj-2014(CL93) current Cu-Backplane 1 8 N/A PCBs;total insertion loss of up to 35 dB at 12.9 GHz 100GBASE-CR4Direct Attach 802.3bj-2010(CL92) current twinaxialbalanced QSFP28(SFF-8665)CFP2CFP4 5 8 N/A Data centers (inter-rack) 100GBASE-SR4 802.3bm-2015(CL95) rowspan="2" current rowspan="2" Fibrered 850 nm rowspan="2" MPO/MTP(MPO-12) OM3: 70 8 1 OM4: 100 100GBASE-CWDM4 proprietary(MSA, Mar 2014) current Fibre#F88379 1271 nm1291 nm1311 nm1331 nm±6.5 nm each LC OSx: 2k 2 4 (WDM) Data centers;FEC mandatoryhttp://www.fiber-optic-transceiver-module.com/difference-between-100g-clr4-and-cwdm4.html What's the Difference Between 100G CLR4 and CWDM4? fiber-optic-transceiver-module.com 2017-02-12 2018-08-28http://www.cwdm4-msa.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/CWDM4-MSA-Technical-Spec-1p1-1.pdf 100G CWDM4 MSA Technical Specifications CWDM4 MSA Group 2015-11-24 2018-08-28 FEC optional or unspecified: Line code: 256b/257b × RS-FEC(528,514) × NRZ - Line rate: 4 lanes × 25.78125 GBd = 103.125 Gbit/s (raw)- or -Line code: 64b/66b × NRZ - Line rate: 4 lanes × 25.78125 GBd = 103.125 Gbit/s (raw) 100GBASE-SWDM4 rowspan="3" proprietary(MSA, Nov 2017) rowspan="3" current rowspan="3" Fibrered 851 nm881 nm911 nm941 nm±7 nm each rowspan="3" LC OM3: 75 2 4 (WDM) SWDMhttp://www.swdm.org/ SWDM Alliance MSA SWDM Alliance 2020-07-27 OM4: 100 OM5: 150 100GBASE-PSM4 proprietary(MSA, Jan 2014) current Fibre#F88379 1310 nm MPO/MTP(MPO-12) OSx: 500 8 1 Data centers;FEC optionalhttp://www.psm4.org/100G-PSM4-Specification-2.0.pdf 100G PSM4 Specification PSM4 MSA Group 2014-09-15 2018-08-28 100GBASE-4WDM-10 proprietary(MSA, Oct 2018) current Fibre#F88379 1271 nm1291 nm1311 nm1331 nm±6.5 nm each rowspan="4" LC OSx: 10k 2 4 (WDM) FEC specification unknownMulti-vendor standardGhiasi Ali 100G 4WDM-10 MSA Technical Specifications Release 1.0 http://4wdm-msa.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/4WDM10_MSA_Spec_R1.0.pdf 4wdm-msa.org 4-Wavelength WDM MSA 5 April 2021 4WDM-10-Spec 100GBASE-4WDM-20 proprietary(MSA, Jul 2017) current rowspan="2" Fibre#F88379 1295.56 nm1300.05 nm1304.58 nm1309.14 nm±1.03 nm each OSx: 20k FEC specification unknownMulti-vendor standardHiramoto Kiyo 100G 4WDM-20 & 4WDM-40 MSA Technical Specifications http://4wdm-msa.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/4WDM20_40_MSA_R1.0_Jul28_2017.pdf 4wdm-msa.org 4-Wavelength WDM MSA 5 April 2021 4WDM-20-40-Spec 100GBASE-4WDM-40 proprietary(non IEEE)(MSA, Jul 2017) current OSx: 40k FEC specification unknownMulti-vendor standard 100GBASE-CLR4 proprietary(MSA, Apr 2014) current rowspan="1" Fibre#F88379 1271 nm1291 nm1311 nm1331 nm±6.5 nm each OSx: 2k 2 4 (WDM) Data centers;FEC optionalInteroperable with 100GBASE-CWDM4 when using RS-FEC;Multi-vendor standardhttp://www.accelink.com/d/file/content/2017/06/595629dfcc3f8.pdf 100G CLR4 QSFP28 Optical Transceivers Accelink 2017-06-30 2018-08-28 proprietary(OCP MSA, Mar 2014) possibly never matured to production Fibre#F49AC2 1504 – 1566 nm LC OSx: 2k 2 4 (WDM) Data centers;FEC specification unknownDerived from 100GBASE-CWDM4 to allow cheaper transceivers;Multi-vendor standardhttp://www.openopticsmsa.org/pdf/Open_Optics_Design_Guide.pdf Open Optics MSA Design Guide Open Compute Project - Mellanox Technologies 2015-03-08 2018-08-28 colspan="10" 100 Gigabit Ethernet (100 GbE) (3rd Generation: 50GbE-based) FEC required by specification:Line code: 256b/257b × RS-FEC(544,514) × PAM4 - Line rate: 2 lanes × 26.5625 GBd ×2 (bits/sym) = 106.25  Gbit/s (raw) 100GBASE-KR2 802.3cd-2018(CL137) current Cu-Backplane 1 4 N/A PCBs 100GBASE-CR2 802.3cd-2018(CL136) current twinaxialbalanced QSFP28,microQSFP,QSFP-DD,OSFP(SFF-8665) 3 4 N/A Data centers (in-rack) 100GBASE-SR2 802.3cd-2018(CL138) rowspan="2" current rowspan="2" Fibrered 850 nm rowspan="2" MPO2× CS duplex4 fibres OM3: 70 4 1 Not to be confused with "100GBASE-SR2 BiDi", which is a misnomer of SRBD or SR1.2 (see below). OM4: 100 100GBASE-SR1.2(Bidirectional) rowspan="3" left unspecified but essentially ¼ 400GBASE-SR4.2802.3cm-2020(CL150, de facto) rowspan="3" current rowspan="4" Fibrered 850 nm900 nm rowspan="4" LC OM3: 70 2 1A 100GBASE-SR1.2 (or 100GBASE-SRBD) transceiver transmits only one wavelength per fiber core, but does so on both strands of the duplex pair. This is done on different wavelengths to avoid interference, since both sides illuminate both fibres of the pair. In theory, an optical circulator can be used in place of WDM (de)multiplexing, utilizing the directionality of this setup. Unlike slower BX/BR bidi transceivers, SR1.2 transceivers do not need to be used in matching pairs of swapped RX/TX wavelengths. (WDM, bidi)total 2 RS-FEC(544,514) mandatoryhttps://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/collateral/interfaces-modules/transceiver-modules/datasheet-c78-736282.html Cisco 100GBASE QSFP-100G Modules Data Sheet Cisco 2022-09-16Duplex fiber with both being used to transmit and receive. The major selling point of this variant is its ability to run over existing LC multi-mode fiber (allowing easy migration from 10G/25G to 100G). This standard is compatible with breakout from 400GBASE-4.2 but is not compatible with 100G-SRBD (see below). OM4: 100 OM5: 150 100GBASE-SRBD(Bidirectional) rowspan="1" proprietary(Cisco) rowspan="1" phase-out same as SR1.2 SRBD is identical to SR1.2 on the physical/optical level but uses RS-FEC(528,514). This makes SR1.2 and SRBD incompatible with each other.https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/collateral/interfaces-modules/transceiver-modules/100gbps-bidi-plug-transceiver-aag.html Cisco 100Gbps QSFP100 SR1.2 BiDi Pluggable Transceiver At-a-Glance Cisco 2026-06-11Some SRBD transceivers support dual-speed 40G/100G operation.https://blogs.cisco.com/sp/40-100g-bidi-transceiver-some-sequels-are-better-than-the-original 40/100G BiDi Transceiver – Some Sequels Are Better Than The Original Cisco 2026-06-11 colspan="10" 100 Gigabit Ethernet (100 GbE) (4th Generation: 100GbE-based) FEC required by specification:Line code: 256b/257b × RS-FEC(544,514) × PAM4 - Line rate: 1 lane × 53.1250 GBd ×2 (bits/sym) = 106.25  Gbit/s (raw) 100GBASE-KR1 802.3ck-2022(CL163) current Cu-Backplane 2 N/A total insertion loss ≤ 28 dB at 26.56 GHz. 100GBASE-CR1 802.3ck-2022(CL162) current twinaxialbalanced 2 2 N/A 100GBASE-VR1 802.3db-2022(CL167) rowspan="2" current rowspan="2" Fibrered 842 nm ±53 nm rowspan="2" LC OM3: 30 2 1 OM4: 50 100GBASE-SR1 802.3db-2022(CL167) rowspan="2" current rowspan="2" Fibrered 853.5 nm ±9.5 nm rowspan="2" LC OM3: 60 2 1 OM4: 100 100GBASE-DR 802.3cd-2018(CL140) current Fibre#F88379 1311 nm LC OSx: 500 2 1 100GBASE-FR1 802.3cu-2021(CL140) current Fibre#F88379 1311 nm LC OSx: 2k 2 1 Multi-vendor standardhttp://100glambda.com/specifications/summary/2-specifications/9-100g-fr-and-100g-lr-technical-specs-rev2-0 100G-FR and 100G-LR Technical Specifications 100G Lambda MSA Group 2021-05-26 100GBASE-LR1 802.3cu-2021(CL140) current Fibre#F88379 1311 nm LC OSx: 10k 2 1 Multi-vendor standard 100GBASE-LR1-20 proprietary(MSA, Nov 2020) current Fibre#F88379 1311 nm LC OSx: 20k 2 1 Multi-vendor standardNowell Mark 100G-LR1-20, 100G-ER1-30, 100G-ER1-40 Technical Specifications http://100glambda.com/specifications/summary/2-specifications/11-100g-lr1-20-er1-technical-specs-rev-1p0 100glambda.com 100G Lambda MSA 26 May 2021 100GBASE-ER1-30 proprietary(MSA, Nov 2020) current Fibre#F88379 1311 nm LC OSx: 30k 2 1 Multi-vendor standard 100GBASE-ER1-40 proprietary(MSA, Nov 2020) current Fibre#F88379 1311 nm LC OSx: 40k 2 1 Multi-vendor standard 100GBASE-PR/BR P802.3dkhttps://www.ieee802.org/3/dk/P802.3dk_OBJ_Update.pdf 802.3dk Objectives IEEE P802.3dk working group 2024-11-01 2026-04-16 futuredevelopment in progress at IEEE Fibrenot specified yet LC simplex likely: OSx: 40k 1 1 (WDM, bidi) Non-standard transceivers of this general type already exist, using e.g. directional pairs of 1291 nm + 1311 nm (CWDM grid) or 1309nm  + 1305 nm (DWDM grid). FEC required by specification: Line code: 64b/66b × SC-FEC(255,227)(3800,4080) × DP-QPSK - Line rate: 4 lanes × 5 bit streams × 4.97664 GBit/sThis corresponds to 27 · 18.432 MHz, a typical telecomms clock frequency. (asynchronous) × 255/227 ≈ 27.9525… GBd × 2 (DP-) × 2 (QPSK) ≈ 111.80997360 Gbit/s (raw) = OTU4 rate / ITU-T G.709 100GBASE-ZR 802.3ct-2021(CL153/154) current Fibre#F49AC2 1546.119 nm LC OS2: 80k+ 2 1 Reduced bandwidth and line rate for ultra long distances.http://www.rfwireless-world.com/Terminology/QPSK-vs-DP-QPSK.html QPSK vs DP-QPSK - difference between QPSK and DP-QPSK modulation RF Wireless World 2018-07-15 2018-08-29 Coding schemes 10.3125 Gbaud with NRZ ("PAM2") and 64b66b on 10 lanes per direction One of the earliest coding used, this widens the coding scheme used in single-lane 10GE and quad-lane 40G to use 10 lanes. Due to the low symbol rate, relatively long ranges can be achieved at the cost of using a lot of cabling. This also allows breakout to 10×10GE, provided that the hardware supports splitting the port. 25.78125 Gbaud with NRZ ("PAM2") and 64b66b on 4 lanes per direction A sped-up variant of the above, this directly corresponds to 10GE/40GE signalling at 2.5× speed. The higher symbol rate makes links more susceptible to errors. If the device and transceiver support dual-speed operation, it is possible to reconfigure a 100G port to downspeed to 40G or 4×10G. There is no autonegotiation protocol for this; thus, manual configuration is necessary. Similarly, a port can be broken into 4×25G if implemented in the hardware. This is applicable even for CWDM4, if a CWDM demultiplexer and CWDM 25G optics are used appropriately. 25.78125 Gbaud with NRZ ("PAM2") and RS-FEC(528,514) on 4 lanes per direction To address the higher susceptibility to errors at these symbol rates, an application of Reed–Solomon error correction was defined in IEEE 802.3bj / Clause 91. This replaces the 64b66b encoding with a 256b257b encoding followed by the RS-FEC application, which results in the exact same overhead as 64b66b. To the optical transceiver or cable, there is no distinction between this and 64b66b; some interface types (e.g., CWDM4) are defined "with or without FEC." 26.5625 Gbaud with PAM4 and RS-FEC(544,514) on 2 lanes per direction This achieves a further doubling in bandwidth per lane (used to halve the number of lanes) by employing pulse-amplitude modulation with 4 distinct analog levels, making each symbol carry 2 bits. To keep up error margins, the FEC overhead is doubled from 2.7% to 5.8%, which explains the slight rise in symbol rate. 53.125 Gbaud with PAM4 and RS-FEC(544,514) on 1 lane per direction Further pushing silicon limits, this is a double rate variant of the previous, giving full 100GE operation over 1 medium lane. 30.14475 Gbaud with DP-DQPSK and SD-FEC on 1 lane per direction Mirroring OTN4 developments, DP-DQPSK (dual polarization differential quadrature phase shift keying) employs polarization to carry one axis of the DP-QPSK constellation. Additionally, new soft-decision FEC algorithms take additional information on analog signal levels as input to the error correction procedure. 13.59375 Gbaud with PAM4, KP4 specific coding and RS-FEC(544,514) on 4 lanes per direction A half-speed variant of 26.5625 Gbaud with RS-FEC, with a 31320/31280 step encoding the lane number into the signal, and further 92/90 framing. 40G interface types Name Standard Status Media Con nec tor Trans ceiver module Reach (m) #Media Number of physical media (wires/fibres) needed for bidirectional traffic(⇆) #Lamb das Number of wavelengths used in each direction(→) #Lanes Number of lanes (on the wire/fibre) in each direction(→) Notes colspan="11" 40 Gigabit Ethernet (40 GbE) - (Data rate: 40 Gbit/s - Line code: 64b/66b × NRZ - Line rate: 4x 10.3125 GBd = 41.25 GBd - Full-Duplex) https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/interfaces_modules/transceiver_modules/compatibility/matrix/40GE_Tx_Matrix.html Cisco 40-Gigabit Ethernet Transceiver Modules Compatibility Matrix Cisco 2018-08-23 2018-08-26http://www.fiber-optic-transceiver-module.com/a-quick-overview-of-40gbe-40gbe-components.html A Quick Overview of 40GbE & 40GbE Components Blog of Fiber Transceivers 2016-01-13 2018-09-21 40GBASE-KR4 802.3ba-2010(CL82/84) phase-out Cu-Backplane 1 8 N/A 4 PCBs;possible breakout / lane separation to 4x 10Gthrough splitter cable (QSFP+ to 4x SFP+);involves CL73 for auto-negotiation, and CL72 for link training. 40GBASE-CR4Direct Attach 802.3ba-2010(CL82/85) phase-out twinaxialbalanced QSFP+(SFF-8635) QSFP+ 10 8 N/A 4 Data centers (inter-rack)possible breakout / lane separation to 4x 10Gthrough splitter cable (QSFP+ to 4x SFP+);involves CL73 for auto-negotiation and CL72 for link training. 40GBASE-SR4 802.3ba-2010(CL82/86) rowspan="2" phase-out rowspan="4" Fibrered 850 nm rowspan="4" MPO/MTP(MPO-12) CFPQSFP+ OM3: 100 8 1 4 possible breakout / lane separation to 4x 10Gthrough splitter cable (MPO/MTP to 4x LC-pairs). OM4: 150 40GBASE-eSR4 rowspan="2" proprietary(non IEEE) rowspan="2" phase-out QSFP+ OM3: 300 possible breakout / lane separation to 4x 10Gthrough splitter cable (MPO/MTP to 4x LC-pairs). OM4: 400 40GBASE-SRBD(BiDirectional) rowspan="2" proprietary(non IEEE) rowspan="2" phase-out rowspan="2" Fibrered 850 nm900 nm rowspan="2" LC QSFP+ OM3: 100 2 2 2 WDMduplex fiber each used to transmit and receive on two wavelengths.https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/collateral/interfaces-modules/transceiver-modules/data_sheet_c78-660083.html Cisco 40GBASE QSFP Modules Data Sheet Cisco 2026-06-11 The major selling point of this variant is its ability to run over existing 10G multi-mode fiber (i.e. allowing easy migration from 10G to 40G). OM4: 150 40GBASE-SWDM4 rowspan="3" proprietary(MSA, Nov 2017) rowspan="3" phase-out rowspan="3" Fibrered 844-858 nm874-888 nm904-918 nm934-948 nm rowspan="3" LC QSFP+ OM3: 240 2 4 4 SWDM OM4: 350 OM5: 440 40GBASE-LR4 802.3ba-2010(CL82/87) phase-out rowspan="5" Fibre#F88379 1271 nm1291 nm1311 nm1331 nm±6.5 nm each rowspan="5" LC CFPQSFP+ OSx: 10k 2 4 4 WDM 40GBASE-ER4 802.3bm-2015(CL82/87) phase-out QSFP+ OSx: 40k WDM 40GBASE-LX4 / -LM4 rowspan="3" proprietary(non IEEE) rowspan="3" phase-out QSFP+ OM3: 140 WDMas primarily designed for single mode (-LR4), this mode of operation is out of specification for some transceivers. OM4: 160 OSx: 10k 40GBASE-PLR4(parallel -LR4) proprietary(non IEEE) phase-out Fibre#F88379 1310 nm MPO/MTP(MPO-12) QSFP+ OSx: 10k 8 1 4 possible breakout / lane separation to 4x 10Gthrough splitter cable (MPO/MTP to 4x LC-pairs). 40GBASE-FR 802.3bg-2011(CL82/89) phase-out Fibre#F49AC2 1550 nm LC CFP OSx: 2k 2 1 1 Line rate: 41.25 GBdcapability to receive 1310 nm light besides 1550 nm;allows inter-operation with a longer reach 1310 nm PHY (TBD);use of 1550 nm implies compatibility with existing test equipment and infrastructure. Additional note for 40GBASE-CR4/-KR4: CL73 allows communication between the 2 PHYs to exchange technical capability pages, and both PHYs come to a common speed and media type. Completion of CL73 initiates CL72. CL72 allows each of the 4 lanes' transmitters to adjust pre-emphasis via feedback from the link partner. 40GBASE-T 40GBASE-T is a port type for 4-pair balanced twisted-pair Cat.8 copper cabling up to 30 m defined in IEEE 802.3bq.IEEE P802.3bq 40GBASE-T Task Force http://www.ieee802.org/3/bq/ IEEE 802.3 IEEE 802.3bq-2016 standard was approved by the IEEE-SA Standards Board on June 30, 2016.http://www.ieee802.org/3/NGBASET/email/msg00972.html IEEE Approval of IEEE Std 802.3by-2016, IEEE Std 802.3bq-2016, IEEE Std 802.3bp-2016 and IEEE Std 802.3br-2016 2016-06-30 It uses 16-level PAM signaling over four lanes at 3,200 MBd each, scaled up from 10GBASE-T. +Comparison of twisted-pair-based Ethernet physical transport layers (TP-PHYs)Ethernet: The Definitive Guide 2nd Charles E. Spurgeon O'Reilly Media 2014 978-1-4493-6184-6 Name Standard Status Speed (Mbit/s) Pairs required Lanes per direction Bits per hertz Line code Symbol rate per lane (MBd) Band width Max distance (m) Cable Cable rating (MHz) Usage 40GBASE-T 802.3bq-2016 (CL113) current 40000 4 4 6.25 PAM-16 RS-FEC (192, 186) LDPC 3200 1600 30 Cat 8 2000 LAN, Data centers Chip-to-chip/chip-to-module interfaces CAUI-10 CAUI-10 is a 100 Gbit/s 10-lane electrical interface defined in 802.3ba. CAUI-4 CAUI-4 is a 100 Gbit/s 4-lane electrical interface defined in 802.3bm Annex 83E with a nominal signaling rate for each lane of 25.78125 GBd using NRZ modulation. 100GAUI-4 100GAUI-4 is a 100 Gbit/s 4-lane electrical interface defined in 802.3cd Annex 135D/E with a nominal signaling rate for each lane of 26.5625 GBd using NRZ modulation and RS-FEC(544,514) so suitable for use with 100GBASE-CR2, 100GBASE-KR2, 100GBASE-SR2, 100GBASE-DR, 100GBASE-FR1, 100GBASE-LR1 PHYs. 100GAUI-2 100GAUI-2 is a 100 Gbit/s 2-lane electrical interface defined in 802.3cd Annex 135F/G with a nominal signaling rate for each lane of 26.5625 GBd using PAM4 modulation and RS-FEC(544,514) so suitable for use with 100GBASE-CR2, 100GBASE-KR2, 100GBASE-SR2, 100GBASE-DR, 100GBASE-FR1, 100GBASE-LR1 PHYs. 100GAUI-1 100GAUI-1 is a 100 Gbit/s 1-lane electrical interface defined in 802.3ck Annex 120F/G with a nominal signaling rate for each lane of 53.125 GBd using PAM4 modulation and RS-FEC(544,514) so suitable for use with 100GBASE-CR1, 100GBASE-KR1, 100GBASE-SR1, 100GBASE-DR, 100GBASE-FR1, 100GBASE-LR1 PHYs. Optical connectors Short reach interfaces use Multiple-Fiber Push-On/Pull-off (MPO) optical connectors.86.10.3.3 40GBASE-SR4 and 100GBASE-SR4 use MPO-12 while 100GBASE-SR10 uses MPO-24 with one optical lane per fiber strand. Long reach interfaces use duplex LC connectors with all optical lanes multiplexed with WDM. History section nosplit the remainder of this article is an excessive dump of mostly historical progression and no clear through-line April 2026 Standards development On July 18, 2006, a call for interest for a High Speed Study Group (HSSG) to investigate new standards for high-speed Ethernet was held at the IEEE 802.3 plenary meeting in San Diego. http://www.ethernetalliance.org/news_events/press_release/press_072506 IEEE Forms Higher Speed Study Group to Explore the Next Generation of Ethernet Technology 2006-07-25 2013-01-14 https://web.archive.org/web/20110726114559/http://www.ethernetalliance.org/news_events/press_release/press_072506 2011-07-26 dead The first 802.3 HSSG study group meeting was held in September 2006.http://www.ieee802.org/3/hssg/ IEEE 802.3 Higher Speed Study Group IEEE802.org December 17, 2011 In June 2007, a trade group called "Road to 100G" was formed after the NXTcomm trade show in Chicago. Group pushes 100 Gigabit Ethernet: The 'Road to 100G' Alliance is born Jeff Caruso Network World June 21, 2007 http://www.networkworld.com/newsletters/lans/2007/0618lan2.html June 6, 2011 August 1, 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130801121057/http://www.networkworld.com/newsletters/lans/2007/0618lan2.html dead On December 5, 2007, the Project Authorization Request (PAR) for the P802.3ba 40 Gbit/s and 100 Gbit/s Ethernet Task Force was approved with the following project scope: Project Authorization Request Approval notification: Approcal of P802.3ba http://www.ieee802.org/3/ba/PAR/par_0308.pdf IEEE Standards Association Standards Board December 5, 2007 June 6, 2011 The purpose of this project is to extend the 802.3 protocol to operating speeds of 40 Gbit/s and 100 Gbit/s in order to provide a significant increase in bandwidth while maintaining maximum compatibility with the installed base of 802.3 interfaces, previous investment in research and development, and principles of network operation and management. The project is to provide for the interconnection of equipment satisfying the distance requirements of the intended applications. The 802.3ba task force met for the first time in January 2008.http://www.networkworld.com/newsletters/lans/2008/0114lan1.html Standardization work on next Ethernet gets under way NetworkWorld Caruso Jeff 2008-01-15 This standard was approved at the June 2010 IEEE Standards Board meeting under the name IEEE Std 802.3ba-2010.http://www.ieee802.org/3/ba/index.html IEEE P802.3ba 40Gbit/s and 100Gbit/s Ethernet Task Force 2010-06-21 The first 40 Gbit/s Ethernet Single-mode Fibre PMD study group meeting was held in January 2010 and on March 25, 2010, the P802.3bg Single-mode Fibre PMD Task Force was approved for the 40 Gbit/s serial SMF PMD. The scope of this project is to add a single-mode fiber Physical Medium Dependent (PMD) option for serial 40 Gbit/s operation by specifying additions to, and appropriate modifications of, IEEE Std 802.3-2008 as amended by the IEEE P802.3ba project (and any other approved amendment or corrigendum). On June 17, 2010, the IEEE 802.3ba standard was approved. IEEE 802.3ba standard released Help Net Security web site June 21, 2010 http://www.net-security.org/secworld.php?id=9448 The IEEE 802.3ba standard, ratified June 17, 2010, ... June 24, 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20210126153702/https://www.helpnetsecurity.com/2010/06/21/ieee-8023ba-standard-released/ 2021-01-26 dead In March 2011, the IEEE 802.3bg standard was approved. On September 10, 2011, the P802.3bj 100 Gbit/s Backplane and Copper Cable task force was approved. The scope of this project is to specify additions to and appropriate modifications of IEEE Std 802.3 to add 100 Gbit/s 4-lane Physical Layer (PHY) specifications and management parameters for operation on backplanes and twinaxial copper cables, and specify optional Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE) for 40 Gbit/s and 100 Gbit/s operation over backplanes and copper cables. On May 10, 2013, the P802.3bm 40 Gbit/s and 100 Gbit/s Fiber Optic Task Force was approved. This project is to specify additions to and appropriate modifications of IEEE Std 802.3 to add 100 Gbit/s Physical Layer (PHY) specifications and management parameters, using a four-lane electrical interface for operation on multimode and single-mode fiber optic cables, and to specify optional Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE) for 40 Gbit/s and 100 Gbit/s operation over fiber optic cables. In addition, to add 40 Gbit/s Physical Layer (PHY) specifications and management parameters for operation on extended reach (>10 km) single-mode fiber optic cables. Also on May 10, 2013, the P802.3bq 40GBASE-T Task Force was approved.http://www.ieee802.org/3/bq/P802.3bq.pdf P802.3bq PAR Specify a Physical Layer (PHY) for operation at 40 Gbit/s on balanced twisted-pair copper cabling, using existing Media Access Control, and with extensions to the appropriate physical layer management parameters. On June 12, 2014, the IEEE 802.3bj standard was approved. On February 16, 2015, the IEEE 802.3bm standard was approved.[802.3_100GNGOPTX] FW: P802.3bm-2015 Approval Notification http://www.ieee802.org/3/100GNGOPTX/email/msg01408.html ieee802.org 2015-02-19 On May 12, 2016, the IEEE P802.3cd Task Force started working to define next generation two-lane 100 Gbit/s PHY.IEEE 802.3 50 Gb/s, 100 Gb/s, and 200 Gb/s Ethernet Task Force May 12, 2016 http://www.ieee802.org/3/cd/ On May 14, 2018, the PAR for the IEEE P802.3ck Task Force was approved. The scope of this project is to specify additions to and appropriate modifications of IEEE Std 802.3 to add Physical Layer specifications and Management Parameters for 100 Gbit/s, 200 Gbit/s, and 400 Gbit/s electrical interfaces based on 100 Gbit/s signaling.http://www.ieee802.org/3/ck/P802_3ck_PAR_140518.pdf P802.3ck David Law Ethernet Working Group (C/LM/WG802.3) 2018-11-30 https://web.archive.org/web/20180517010038/http://www.ieee802.org/3/ck/P802_3ck_PAR_140518.pdf 2018-05-17 dead On December 5, 2018, the IEEE-SA Board approved the IEEE 802.3cd standard. On November 12, 2018, the IEEE P802.3ct Task Force started working to define PHY supporting 100 Gbit/s operation on a single wavelength capable of at least 80 km over a DWDM system (using a combination of phase and amplitude modulation with coherent detection).IEEE P802.3ct Project Objectives Nov 12, 2018 http://www.ieee802.org/3/cn/proj_doc/3ct_Objectives_181113.pdf In May 2019, the IEEE P802.3cu Task Force started working to define single-wavelength 100 Gbit/s PHYs for operation over SMF (Single-Mode Fiber) with lengths up to at least 2 km (100GBASE-FR1) and 10 km (100GBASE-LR1).IEEE P802.3cu Project Objectives Nov 12, 2018 http://www.ieee802.org/3/cu/Objectives_Approved_Sept_2019.pdf In June 2020, the IEEE P802.3db Task Force started working to define a physical layer specification that supports 100 Gbit/s operation over 1 pair of MMF with lengths up to at least 50 m.Adopted Objectives https://www.ieee802.org/3/db/P802d3db_Objectives_Approved_May_2020.pdf Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE P802.3db Task Force June 3, 2021 May 21, 2020 On February 11, 2021, the IEEE-SA Board approved the IEEE 802.3cu standard.https://www.ieee802.org/3/cu/email/msg00318.html [802.3_100G-OPTX] P802.3cu Standard has been approved !! 🎉 www.ieee802.org On June 16, 2021, the IEEE-SA Board approved the IEEE 802.3ct standard.https://www.ieee802.org/3/db/index.html IEEE P802.3db 100 Gb/s, 200 Gb/s, and 400 Gb/s Short Reach Fiber Task Force www.ieee802.org On September 21, 2022, the IEEE-SA Board approved the IEEE 802.3ck and 802.3db standards.https://www.ieee802.org/3/100GEL/email/msg00977.html [802.3_100GEL] FW: IEEE STD 802.3ck-2022, IEEE STD 802.3cs-2022, IEEE St Early products Optical signal transmission over a nonlinear medium is principally an analog design problem. As such, it has evolved more slowly than digital circuit lithography (which generally progressed in step with Moore's law). This explains why 10 Gbit/s transport systems existed since the mid-1990s, while the first forays into 100 Gbit/s transmission happened about 15 years later – a 10x speed increase over 15 years is far slower than the 2x speed per 1.5 years typically cited for Moore's law. Nevertheless, at least five firms (Ciena, Alcatel-Lucent, MRV, ADVA Optical and Huawei) made customer announcements for 100 Gbit/s transport systems by August 2011, with varying degrees of capabilities.http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=209530 Huawei's 100G is out of the door Although vendors claimed that 100 Gbit/s light paths could use existing analog optical infrastructure, deployment of high-speed technology was tightly controlled and extensive interoperability tests were required before moving them into service. Designing routers or switches that support 100 Gbit/s interfaces is difficult. The need to process a 100 Gbit/s stream of packets at line rate without reordering within IP/MPLS microflows is one reason for this. 2011, most components in the 100 Gbit/s packet processing path (PHY chips, NPUs, memories) were not readily available off-the-shelf or require extensive qualification and co-design. Another problem is related to the low-output production of 100 Gbit/s optical components, which were also not easily availableespecially in pluggable, long-reach or tunable laser flavors. Backplane NetLogic Microsystems announced backplane modules in October 2010.NetLogic Microsystems Announces Industry's First Dual-Mode Quad-Port 10GBASE-KR and 40GBASE-KR4 Backplane PHY with Energy Efficient Ethernet October 13, 2010 Business Wire NetLogic Microsystems http://eon.businesswire.com/news/eon/20101013005208/en/NetLogic-Microsystems/PHY/Energy-Efficient-Ethernet June 24, 2013 https://archive.today/20130629085008/http://eon.businesswire.com/news/eon/20101013005208/en/NetLogic-Microsystems/PHY/Energy-Efficient-Ethernet 29 June 2013 Multimode fiber In 2009, MellanoxMellanox Technologies http://www.mellanox.com/content/pages.php?pg=press_release_item&rec_id=350 https://web.archive.org/web/20110714071218/http://www.mellanox.com/content/pages.php?pg=press_release_item&rec_id=350 July 14, 2011 dead September 25, 2009 and Reflex PhotonicsInterBOARD CFP 100GBASE-SR10 Parallel Optical Module Reflex Photonics Inc. http://www.reflexphotonics.com/interboard-cfp.htm commercial web site https://web.archive.org/web/20100224065626/http://reflexphotonics.com/interboard-cfp.htm 2010-02-24 dead June 7, 2011 announced modules based on the CFP agreement. Single mode fiber Finisar,Finisar Corporation – Finisar First to Demonstrate 40 Gigabit Ethernet LR4 CFP Transceiver Over 10 km of Optical Fiber at ECOC http://investor.finisar.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=410286 https://web.archive.org/web/20100227111501/http://investor.finisar.com/releaseDetail.cfm?ReleaseID=410286 February 27, 2010 dead September 25, 2009 Sumitomo Electric Industries,Sumitomo Electric develops 40GbE transceiver http://www.lightwaveonline.com/top-stories/Sumitomo-Electric-develops-40GbE-transceiver--60446587.html September 25, 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20150102021133/http://www.lightwaveonline.com/articles/2009/09/sumitomo-electric-develops-40gbe-transceiver--60446587.html January 2, 2015 dead and OpNext Hitachi and Opnext unveil receiver for 100GbE and demo 10 km transmission over SMF http://www.semiconductor-today.com/news_items/2009/APRIL/OPNEXT_030409.htm October 26, 2009 all demonstrated singlemode 40 or 100 Gbit/s Ethernet modules based on the C form-factor pluggable (CFP) agreement at the European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication in 2009. The first lasers for 100 GBE were demonstrated in 2008.https://www.snia.org/forums/cmsi/knowledge/formfactors SSD Form Factors | SNIA Compatibility Optical fiber IEEE 802.3ba implementations were not compatible with the numerous 40 and 100 Gbit/s line rate transport systems because they had different optical layer and modulation formats, as the IEEE 802.3ba interface types show. In particular, existing 40 Gbit/s transport solutions that used dense wavelength-division multiplexing to pack four 10 Gbit/s signals into one optical medium were not compatible with the IEEE 802.3ba standard, which used either coarse WDM in 1310 nm wavelength region with four 25 Gbit/s or ten 10 Gbit/s channels, or parallel optics with four or ten optical fibers per direction. Test and measurement Quellan announced a test board in 2009.Quellan QLx411GRx 40G Evaluation Board http://www.quellan.com/products/qlx411grx_eval_board.html https://web.archive.org/web/20090630133501/http://www.quellan.com/products/qlx411grx_eval_board.html 2009-06-30 dead September 25, 2009 Ixia developed Physical Coding Sublayer Laneshttps://www.keysight.com/us/en/cmp/2020/network-visibility-network-test.html Network Visibility and Network Test Products Keysight and demonstrated a working 100GbE link through a test setup at NXTcomm in June 2008.Avago Technologies, Infinera & Ixia to demo the first 100 Gig Ethernet YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WD20eVtGTCs 7 March 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20140630063150/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WD20eVtGTCs 2014-06-30 live Ixia announced test equipment in November 2008.Ixia First to Offer 100 GE Testing Capability Ixia News release September 29, 2008 http://www.ixiacom.com/news_and_events/press_releases/display.php?skey=209 June 7, 2011 40 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s Testing: Overview commercial web site Ixia http://www.ixiacom.com/products/higher_speed_ethernet_testing/index.php June 7, 2011 Discovery Semiconductors introduced optoelectronics converters for 100 Gbit/s testing of the 10 km and 40 km Ethernet standards in February 2009. Discovery Semiconductors – 100 Gb Ethernet (4 x 25 Gb/s) Quad PIN-TIA Optical Receiver http://discoverysemi.com/Product%20Pages/DSCR801.php commercial web site June 7, 2011 JDS Uniphase (now VIAVI Solutions) introduced test and measurement products for 40 and 100 Gbit/s Ethernet in August 2009. JDSU Introduces Industry's Most Robust 100 Gigabit Ethernet Test Suite http://www.jdsu.com/news/news-releases/2009/081909.html https://archive.today/20130126222243/http://www.jdsu.com/news/news-releases/2009/081909.html dead January 26, 2013 News release JDS Uniphase August 19, 2009 June 7, 2011 Spirent Communications introduced test and measurement products in September 2009. 40/100 GbE: Testing the next generation of high speed Ethernet commercial web site Spirent Communications http://www.spirent.com/Broadband/40-100G.aspx June 7, 2011 December 21, 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20101221103928/http://www.spirent.com/Broadband/40-100G.aspx dead EXFO demonstrated interoperability in January 2010. EXFO and Opnext Achieve Full Interoperability, Successfully Testing IEEE-Compliant 100 Gigabit Ethernet Optics News release January 11, 2010 http://www.exfo.com/en/PressRoom/CorporateReleasesView.aspx?Id=453 https://archive.today/20120730164416/http://www.exfo.com/en/PressRoom/CorporateReleasesView.aspx?Id=453 dead July 30, 2012 June 7, 2011 Xena Networks demonstrated test equipment at the Technical University of Denmark in January 2011. Workshop on 100 Gigabit Ethernet a huge success DTU news Technical University of Denmark February 2, 2011 http://www.dtu.dk/English/About_DTU/News.aspx?guid={4518DC72-CA94-4D28-BB45-F7627FE581AA} June 7, 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110719152736/http://www.dtu.dk/English/About_DTU/News.aspx?guid=%7B4518DC72-CA94-4D28-BB45-F7627FE581AA%7D 2011-07-19 dead Dansk virksomhed klar med test til 100 Gb ethernet Torben R. Simonsen Elektronik Branchen January 26, 2011 http://elektronikbranchen.dk/nyhed/dansk-virksomhed-klar-med-test-til-100-gb-ethernet June 7, 2011 https://archive.today/20120715170325/http://elektronikbranchen.dk/nyhed/dansk-virksomhed-klar-med-test-til-100-gb-ethernet 2012-07-15 dead (Danish) Calnex Solutions introduced 100GbE Synchronous Ethernet synchronisation test equipment in November 2014. Calnex Solutions Limited Calnex Solutions Launches Industry-first 100GbE Tester for Synchronisation http://www.realwire.com/releases/Calnex-Solutions-Launches-Industry-first-100GbE-Tester-for-Synchronisation RealWire 19 November 2014 2015-10-22 Spirent Communications introduced the Attero-100G for 100GbE and 40GbE impairment emulation in April 2015. Industry's First 100G Impairment Emulator Helps Reduce the Effect of Latency in High Speed Ethernet Networks http://corporate.spirent.com/News-Media/Press-Releases/Redirect?id=2015/4_15_15_Spirent_Unveils_100G_Impairment_Emulator 15 Apr 2015 corporate.spirent.com 2015-10-22 https://web.archive.org/web/20151222134128/http://corporate.spirent.com/News-Media/Press-Releases/Redirect?id=2015%2F4_15_15_Spirent_Unveils_100G_Impairment_Emulator 2015-12-22 deadhttp://www.spirent.com/Products/Attero Attero Spirent www.spirent.com 15 November 2017 VeEXhttps://ww2.frost.com/news/press-releases/frost-sullivan-recognizes-veexs-technology-development-and-acquisition-based-growth-network-deployment-and-field-service-market/ Frost & Sullivan Recognizes VeEX's Technology Development 2017-02-09 2015-06-23 https://web.archive.org/web/20150623003239/http://ww2.frost.com/news/press-releases/frost-sullivan-recognizes-veexs-technology-development-and-acquisition-based-growth-network-deployment-and-field-service-market/ dead introduced its CFP-based UX400-100GE and 40GE test and measurement platform in 2012,https://veexinc.com/en-us/NewsAndEvents/PR-18JUL2012000000 VeEX introduces industry's smallest multiservice, multitasking analyzer for 40/100G networks. VeEX Inc. The Verification EXperts veexinc.com 2017-02-09 followed by CFP2, CFP4, QSFP28 and QSFP+ versions in 2015.http://advanced-television.com/2015/06/08/veex-enhances-ux400-platform-with-next-gen-cfp2-and-cfp4-test-modules/ VeEX enhances UX400 Platform with next-gen CFP2 and CFP4 test modules advanced-television.com 8 June 2015 en-GB 2017-02-09http://advanced-television.com/2015/07/09/veex-unveils-600g-testing-for-its-ux400-platform/ VeEX unveils 600G testing for its UX400 platform advanced-television.com 9 July 2015 en-GB 2017-02-09 Mellanox Technologies Mellanox Technologies introduced the ConnectX-4 100GbE single and dual port adapter in November 2014.https://www.mellanox.com/news/press_release/mellanox-enables-end-end-100gbs-interconnect-solution-introduction-connectx-4-adapter Mellanox Enables End-to-End 100Gb/s Interconnect Solution with Introduction of ConnectX-4 Adapter NVIDIA www.mellanox.com In the same period, Mellanox introduced availability of 100GbE copper and fiber cables.https://www.mellanox.com/news/press_release/mellanox-announces-availability-100gbs-direct-attach-copper-and-active-optical-cables Mellanox Announces Availability of 100Gb/s Direct Attach Copper and Active Optical Cables NVIDIA www.mellanox.com In June 2015, Mellanox introduced the Spectrum 10, 25, 40, 50 and 100GbE switch models.https://www.mellanox.com/news/press_release/mellanox-introduces-worlds-first-25100-gigabit-open-ethernet-based-switch Mellanox Introduces the World's First 25/100 Gigabit Open Ethernet-based Switch NVIDIA www.mellanox.com Aitia Aitia International introduced the C-GEP FPGA-based switching platform in February 2013. Aitia C-GEP development platform? FPGA Networking May 1, 2013 Pal Varga https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277012542 June 6, 2015 Aitia also produces 100G/40G Ethernet PCS/PMA+MAC IP cores for FPGA developers and academic researchers. FPGA IP core for 100G/40G ethernet? FPGA Networking June 6, 2016 Pal Varga http://www.fpganetworking.com/index.html https://web.archive.org/web/20160815102757/http://www.fpganetworking.com/index.html 2016-08-15 Arista Arista Networks introduced the 7500E switch (with up to 96 100GbE ports) in April 2013. Arista heading off Cisco/Insieme at 100G SDNs? Network World May 1, 2013 Jim Duffy http://www.networkworld.com/news/2013/050113-arista-269279.html May 24, 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130517030020/http://www.networkworld.com/news/2013/050113-arista-269279.html 2013-05-17 dead In July 2014, Arista introduced the 7280E switch (the world's first top-of-rack switch with 100G uplink ports). Arista Leading 100GbE Charge With 7280E Switch Series Launch CRN July 16, 2014 Kristin Bent http://www.crn.com/news/networking/300073437/arista-leading-100gbe-charge-with-7280e-switch-series-launch.htm February 18, 2016 Extreme Networks Extreme Networks introduced a four-port 100GbE module for the BlackDiamond X8 core switch in November 2012.Duffy Jim Extreme joins Cisco, Brocade, Huawei at 100G http://www.networkworld.com/news/2012/111312-extreme-blackdiamond-264212.html Network World January 18, 2013 1 November 13, 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20130123175425/http://www.networkworld.com/news/2012/111312-extreme-blackdiamond-264212.html 2013-01-23 dead Dell Dell's Force10 switches support 40 Gbit/s interfaces. These 40 Gbit/s fiber-optical interfaces using QSFP+ transceivers can be found on the Z9000 distributed core switches, S4810 and S4820Dell Force10 S-series model comparison http://www.dell.com/us/enterprise/p/force10-s-series/pd?c=us&s=biz 2 March 2013 as well as the blade-switches MXL and the IO-Aggregator. The Dell PowerConnect 8100 series switches also offer 40 Gbit/s QSFP+ interfaces.http://www.dell.com/us/enterprise/p/powerconnect-8100/pd Technical details PowerConnect 8100 series 2 March 2013 Chelsio Chelsio Communications introduced 40 Gbit/s Ethernet network adapters (based on the fifth generation of its Terminator architecture) in June 2013.http://www.chelsio.com/chelsio-delivers-40gb-ethernet-adapter-40gbe-sets-new-performance-bar-for-high-speed-ethernet/ Chelsio Delivers 40Gb Ethernet Adapter (40GbE), Sets new performance bar for high speed Ethernet Press release June 11, 2013 June 20, 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130718080842/http://www.chelsio.com/chelsio-delivers-40gb-ethernet-adapter-40gbe-sets-new-performance-bar-for-high-speed-ethernet/ 2013-07-18 live Telesoft Technologies Ltd Telesoft Technologies announced the dual 100G PCIe accelerator card, part of the MPAC-IP series.http://telesoft-technologies.com/technologies/mpac-ip-7200-dual-100g-ethernet-accelerator-card MPAC-IP 7200 - Custom Telecom Solutions - Telesoft Technologies 2015-06-08 https://web.archive.org/web/20150703090557/http://telesoft-technologies.com/technologies/mpac-ip-7200-dual-100g-ethernet-accelerator-card 2015-07-03 dead Telesoft also announced the STR 400G (Segmented Traffic Router)http://telesoft-technologies.com/technologies/str-400g STR 400G - Custom Telecom Solutions - Telesoft Technologies 2015-06-08 https://web.archive.org/web/20150703101344/http://telesoft-technologies.com/technologies/str-400g 2015-07-03 dead and the 100G MCE (Media Converter and Extension).http://telesoft-technologies.com/technologies/100g-mce-media-converter-and-extension 100G MCE (Media Converter & Extension) - Custom Telecom Solutions - Telesoft Technologies 2015-06-08 https://web.archive.org/web/20150703070054/http://telesoft-technologies.com/technologies/100g-mce-media-converter-and-extension 2015-07-03 dead Commercial trials and deployments Unlike the "race to 10 Gbit/s" that was driven by the imminent need to address growth pains of the Internet in the late 1990s, customer interest in 100 Gbit/s technologies was mostly driven by economic factors. The common reasons to adopt the higher speeds were:http://conference.vde.com/ecoc-2009/programs/documents/ecoc09-100g-ws-juniper-ceuppens.pdf 100G in routers Juniper Networks Presentation at ECOC 2009 to reduce the number of optical wavelengths ("lambdas") used and the need to light new fiber to utilize bandwidth more efficiently than 10 Gbit/s link aggregate groups to provide cheaper wholesale, internet peering and data center connectivity to skip the relatively expensive 40 Gbit/s technology and move directly from 10 to 100 Gbit/s Alcatel-Lucent In November 2007, Alcatel-Lucent held the first field trial of 100 Gbit/s optical transmission. Completed over a live, in-service 504-kilometre portion of the Verizon network, it connected the Florida cities of Tampa and Miami. http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/wps/portal/!ut/p/kcxml/04_Sj9SPykssy0xPLMnMz0vM0Y_QjzKLd4x3tXDUL8h2VAQAURh_Yw!!?LMSG_CABINET=Docs_and_Resource_Ctr&LMSG_CONTENT_FILE=News_Releases_2007/News_Article_000653.xml Verizon Successfully Completes Industry's First Field Trial of 100 Gbps Optical Network Transmission 2018-11-30 https://web.archive.org/web/20140714194745/http://www3.alcatel-lucent.com/wps/portal/!ut/p/kcxml/04_Sj9SPykssy0xPLMnMz0vM0Y_QjzKLd4x3tXDUL8h2VAQAURh_Yw!!?LMSG_CABINET=Docs_and_Resource_Ctr&LMSG_CONTENT_FILE=News_Releases_2007%2FNews_Article_000653.xml 2014-07-14 dead 100GbE interfaces for the 7450 ESS/7750 SR service routing platform were first announced in June 2009, with field trials with Verizon,http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/wps/portal/!ut/p/kcxml/04_Sj9SPykssy0xPLMnMz0vM0Y_QjzKLd4x3tXDUL8h2VAQAURh_Yw!!?LMSG_CABINET=Docs_and_Resource_Ctr&LMSG_CONTENT_FILE=News_Releases_2010/News_Article_002116.xml Verizon completes industry-leading 100G Ethernet field trial 2018-11-30 https://web.archive.org/web/20160611060905/http://alcatel-lucent.com/wps/portal/!ut/p/kcxml/04_Sj9SPykssy0xPLMnMz0vM0Y_QjzKLd4x3tXDUL8h2VAQAURh_Yw!!?LMSG_CABINET=Docs_and_Resource_Ctr&LMSG_CONTENT_FILE=News_Releases_2010%2FNews_Article_002116.xml 2016-06-11 dead T-Systems and Portugal Telecom taking place in June–September 2010. In September 2009, Alcatel-Lucent combined the 100G capabilities of its IP routing and optical transport portfolio in an integrated solution called Converged Backbone Transformation. http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/convergedbackbone/ A game-changing approach to the core In June 2011, Alcatel-Lucent introduced a packet processing architecture known as FP3, advertised for 400 Gbit/s rates. https://www.engadget.com/2011/06/29/alcatel-lucents-fp3-network-processor-routes-at-400mbps-handle/ Alcatel-Lucent's FP3 network processor routes at 400Gbps Press release June 29, 2011 June 24, 2013 Alcatel-Lucent announced the XRS 7950 core router (based on the FP3) in May 2012. https://money.cnn.com/2012/05/21/technology/alcatel-lucent-fastest-router/ https://web.archive.org/web/20120525024249/http://money.cnn.com/2012/05/21/technology/alcatel-lucent-fastest-router dead May 25, 2012 David Goldman CNN Money How Alcatel-Lucent made the Internet 5 times faster May 21, 2012 June 24, 2013 http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/100ge/ 100 Gigabit Ethernet (100GE): Services unleashed at speed Company web site dead https://web.archive.org/web/20121116131825/http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/100ge/index.html 2012-11-16 June 24, 2013 Brocade Brocade Communications Systems introduced their first 100GbE products (based on the former Foundry Networks MLXe hardware) in September 2010.http://www.networkworld.com/news/2010/090110-brocade.html Brocade set to unveil 100G Ethernet https://web.archive.org/web/20121015151424/http://www.networkworld.com/news/2010/090110-brocade.html 2012-10-15 dead Brocade In June 2011, the new product went live at the AMS-IX traffic exchange point in Amsterdam.http://www.ams-ix.net/3-new-services-are-launched-by-ams-ix-at-more-ip-event/ 3 new services are launched by AMS-IX at MORE IP event 2011-09-05 https://web.archive.org/web/20120719064233/http://ams-ix.net/3-new-services-are-launched-by-ams-ix-at-more-ip-event/ 2012-07-19 dead Cisco Cisco Systems and Comcast announced their 100GbE trials in June 2008.http://www.cisco.com/web/EA/expomorocco2009/docs/cisco_Expo_2009_NGN_Transport_published.pdf Cisco NGN Transport Solutions However, it is doubtful that this transmission could approach 100 Gbit/s speeds when using a 40 Gbit/s per slot CRS-1 platform for packet processing. Cisco's first deployment of 100GbE at AT&T and Comcast took place in April 2011.Matsumoto Craig http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=206615&site=lr_cable AT&T, Comcast Go Live With 100G Light Reading April 11, 2011 December 17, 2011 In the same year, Cisco tested the 100GbE interface between CRS-3 and a new generation of their ASR9K edge router model.Liu Stephen http://blogs.cisco.com/sp/cisco-live-showing-off-100ge-on-crs-3-and-asr-9000-series/ Cisco Live! Showing Off 100GbE on CRS-3 and ASR 9000 Series blogs.cisco.com July 25, 2011 December 17, 2011 December 21, 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20111221055236/http://blogs.cisco.com/sp/cisco-live-showing-off-100ge-on-crs-3-and-asr-9000-series/ dead In 2017, Cisco announced a 32 port 100GbE Cisco Catalyst 9500 Series switch https://newsroom.cisco.com/press-release-content?articleId=1854555 Cisco unveils network of the future that can learn, adapt and evolve newsroom.cisco.com June 20, 2017 September 10, 2019 and in 2019 the modular Catalyst 9600 Series switch with a 100GbE line card https://blogs.cisco.com/enterprise/looking-forward-catalyst-9600-switch-and-9100-access-point-meraki Your Catalyst for the Past, Present, and Future blogs.cisco.com April 29, 2019 September 10, 2019 Huawei In October 2008, Huawei presented their first 100GbE interface for their NE5000e router.http://www.huawei.com/en/about-huawei/newsroom/press-release/hw-076816-corporate-2-optical-dwdmbackbone-transport_network.htm Huawei Successfully Develops 100 Gigabit Ethernet WDM Prototype 2011-09-05 https://web.archive.org/web/20120324021345/http://www.huawei.com/en/about-huawei/newsroom/press-release/hw-076816-corporate-2-optical-dwdmbackbone-transport_network.htm 2012-03-24 dead In September 2009, Huawei also demonstrated an end-to-end 100 Gbit/s link.http://www.huawei.com/en/about-huawei/newsroom/press-release/hw-062645-corporate-ran-wnm-ran-wnp-ds-wisg-vs-win.htm Huawei Launches World' s First End-to-End 100G Solutions 2011-09-05 https://web.archive.org/web/20121011115902/http://www.huawei.com/en/about-huawei/newsroom/press-release/hw-062645-corporate-ran-wnm-ran-wnp-ds-wisg-vs-win.htm 2012-10-11 dead It was mentioned that Huawei's products had the self-developed NPU "Solar 2.0 PFE2A" onboard and was using pluggable optics in CFP. In a mid-2010 product brief, the NE5000e line cards were given the commercial name LPUF-100 and credited with using two Solar-2.0 NPUs per 100GbE port in opposite (ingress/egress) configuration.http://www.huawei.com/en/static/hw-076756.pdf Huawei E2E 100G Solution 2011-09-05 https://web.archive.org/web/20120514042811/http://www.huawei.com/en/static/HW-076756.pdf 2012-05-14 dead Nevertheless, in October 2010, the company referenced shipments of NE5000e to Russian cell operator "Megafon" as "40 GBPS/slot" solution, with "scalability up to" 100 Gbit/s.http://www.cellular-news.com/story/45839.php Russia's MegaFon Awards Backbone Contract to Huawei 3 June 2020 In April 2011, Huawei announced that the NE5000e was updated to carry 2x100GbE interfaces per slot using LPU-200 linecards.http://www.huawei.com/ilink/en/about-huawei/newsroom/press-release/092592?KeyTemps=200G,Router Huawei Unveils the World's First 200G High-Speed Line Card for Routers In a related solution brief, Huawei reported 120 thousand Solar 1.0 integrated circuits shipped to customers, but no Solar 2.0 numbers were given.http://www.huawei.com/ilink/en/solutions/expand-broadband/HW_092902?KeyTemps=# Huawei 200G Solution Following the August 2011 trial in Russia, Huawei reported paying 100 Gbit/s DWDM customers, but no 100GbE shipments on NE5000e.http://www.huawei.com/ru/catalog.do?id=4630 Оборудование Huawei 100G успешно прошло тестирование в России 2011-09-05 https://web.archive.org/web/20120225193656/http://www.huawei.com/ru/catalog.do?id=4630 2012-02-25 dead Juniper Juniper Networks announced 100GbE for its T-series routers in June 2009.http://www.juniper.net/us/en/company/press-center/press-releases/2009/pr_2009_06_08-09_00.html Juniper networks introduces breakthrough 100 gigabit Ethernet interface for t series routers The 1x100GbE option followed in Nov 2010, when a joint press release with academic backbone network Internet2 marked the first production 100GbE interfaces going live in real network. http://www.networkworld.com/community/blog/internet2-racing-ahead-100g-ethernet-network Internet2 racing ahead with 100G Ethernet network 12 November 2010 5 September 2011 29 January 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120129234555/http://www.networkworld.com/community/blog/internet2-racing-ahead-100g-ethernet-network dead In the same year, Juniper demonstrated 100GbE operation between core (T-series) and edge (MX 3D) routers.http://investor.juniper.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=69801&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1496199&highlight= Juniper Demonstrates Industry's First Live 100G Traffic From the Network Core to Edge 2011-09-05 https://archive.today/20120709040226/http://investor.juniper.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=69801&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1496199&highlight= 2012-07-09 dead Juniper, in March 2011, announced first shipments of 100GbE interfaces to a major North American service provider (Verizonhttp://www.verizonbusiness.com/about/news/pr-25717-en-Verizon+First+Service+Provider+to+Announce+100G+Deployment+on+U.S.+Network.xml Verizon First Service Provider to Announce 100G Deployment on U.S. Network ). In April 2011, Juniper deployed a 100GbE system on the UK education network JANET.http://www.uknof.org.uk/uknof19/Evans-Deploying-100Ge.pdf Deploying 100GE JANET UK 2011-09-05 2012-03-23 https://web.archive.org/web/20120323121028/http://www.uknof.org.uk/uknof19/Evans-Deploying-100Ge.pdf dead In July 2011, Juniper announced 100GbE with Australian ISP iiNet on their T1600 routing platform.http://www.juniper.net/au/en/company/press-center/press-releases/2011/pr_2011_07_07-07_00.html iiNet Pioneers 100GbE with new Juniper Networks Backbone Juniper started shipping the MPC3E line card for the MX router, a 100GbE CFP MIC, and a 100GbE LR4 CFP optics in March 2012July 2016. In Spring 2013, Juniper Networks announced the availability of the MPC4E line card for the MX router that includes 2 100GbE CFP slots and 8 10GbE SFP+ interfacesJuly 2016. In June 2015, Juniper Networks announced the availability of its CFP-100GBASE-ZR module, which is a plug-and-play solution that brings 80 km 100GbE to MX and PTX based networks.http://forums.juniper.net/t5/Packet-Optical-Technologies/Life-Begins-at-40-km-100G-ZR-Optics/ba-p/276483 Juniper networks - Life Begins at 40(km) - 100G ZR Optics The CFP-100GBASE-ZR module uses DP-QPSK modulation and coherent receiver technology with an optimized DSP and FEC implementation. The low-power module can be directly retrofitted into existing CFP sockets on MX and PTX routers. See also 20em Ethernet Alliance InfiniBand Interconnect bottleneck Optical communication Fiber-optic cable Optical transport network Parallel optical interface Terabit Ethernet References Further reading Overview of Requirements and Applications for 40 Gigabit Ethernet and 100 Gigabit Ethernet Technology Overview White Paper (Archived 2009-08-01) – Ethernet Alliance 40 Gigabit Ethernet and 100 Gigabit Ethernet Technology Overview White Paper – Ethernet Alliance External links Ethernet Alliance https://www.networkworld.com/article/768517/lan-wan-100g-ethernet-cheat-sheet.html 100G Ethernet cheat sheet: A collection of articles, slideshows, multimedia content on 100G Ethernet November 19, 2009 Network World 2016-08-24 IEEE P802.3ba 40 Gbit/s and 100 Gbit/s Ethernet Task Force IEEE P802.3ba 40 Gbit/s and 100 Gbit/s Ethernet Task Force public area Higher Speed Study Group documents Category:Ethernet Category:Ethernet standards