2001 Linate Airport runway collision

2001 runway collision in Italy October 2019 transp October 2018 2001 Linate Airport runway collisionScandinavian Airlines System Flight 686Air Evex D-IEVX Linate Airport disaster map en.gif Map of Linate Airport showing the routes of both aircraft involved Accident 2001 10 8 y Runway collision in poor visibility, inadequate taxiway signage, and disabled airport motion sensors Linate Airport, Milan, Italy 45 26 54 N 009 16 36 E region:IT-MI_type:landmark inline,title 118 4 0 4 4 SE-DMA MD-87 SAS MAN 28FEB99 (6777145062).jpg SE-DMA, the McDonnell Douglas MD-87 involved in the collision, seen in 1999 McDonnell Douglas MD-87 Lage Viking Scandinavian Airlines System SK686 SAS686 SCANDINAVIAN 686 SE-DMA Linate AirportMilan, Italy Copenhagen AirportCopenhagen, Denmark 110 104 6 110 0 Cessna 525a citationjet cj2 g-ocjz arp.jpg A Cessna Citation CJ2, similar to the one involved in the collision Cessna Citation CJ2 Air Evex174https://www.ansv.it/cgi-bin/all/Status%20del%20volo.pdf ANSV final report, appendix I ANSV 20 January 2004 23 July 2026 https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055107/http://www.ansv.it/cgi-bin/all/Status%20del%20volo.pdf 4 March 2016 live DELTA INDIA ECHO VICTOR X-RAY D-IEVX Linate AirportMilan, Italy Le Bourget AirportParis, France 4 2 2 4 0 Scandinavian Airlines System Flight 686, a McDonnell Douglas MD-87 airliner carrying 110 people bound for Copenhagen, Denmark, collided on take-off with a Cessna Citation CJ220 January 2004 Accident Boeing MD-87 SE-DMA Cessna 525-A D-IEVX Milano Linate airport October 8, 2001 https://www.havkom.se/assets/reports/Swedish/FINALREPORTA-1-04Linate.pdf 8 July 2011 National Agency for the Safety of Flight A-1-04 23 May 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170523101005/http://www.havkom.se/assets/reports/Swedish/FINALREPORTA-1-04Linate.pdf dead1 business jet carrying four people bound for Paris, France, on 8 October 2001 at Linate Airport in Milan, Italy. All 114 people on both aircraft were killed, as well as four people on the ground.https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Uj0jAAAAIBAJ&sjid=yewDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6610%2C3360451 Deseret News Salt Lake City, Utah, USA Associated Press 114 die when jet hits plane, then rams building in Milan 8 October 2001 A2https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=VlFWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=_OsDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4433%2C1991886 Eugene Register-Guard Oregon, USA Associated Press Planes collide on Italian runway; 114 are killed 9 October 2001 10Ahttps://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Uz0jAAAAIBAJ&sjid=yewDAAAAIBAJ&pg=2147%2C3741945 Deseret News Salt Lake City, Utah, USA Associated Press Wrong turn by Cessna likely caused Italy crash 9 October 2001 A4 The subsequent investigation determined that the collision was caused by several nonfunctioning and nonconforming safety systems, standards, and procedures at the airport.125 It remains the deadliest accident in Italian aviation history. Aircraft and crew The collision involved two airlines; SAS and Air Evex. The larger of the two aircraft was a McDonnell-Douglas MD-87. The cockpit crew consisted of Captain Joakim Gustafsson and First Officer Anders Hyllander, both aged 36. Gustafsson had been hired by SAS in 1990 and had more than 5,800 hours of flight time. He had logged approximately 230 hours in the MD-87. Hyllander was hired by the airline in 1997. At the time of the accident, he had more than 4,300 total flying hours. He was more experienced in the aircraft type than his captain, having logged 2,000 hours of flight time in the MD-87.125 The four cabin crew consisted of Purser Lise Lotte Anderson (57) with 30 years' service at SAS, Flight Attendants Olaf Jakobsson (49) with 29 years' service, Eiler Danielson (27) with two years' service, and Janne Penttinen (30) with one year's service.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IvZPVmF1fJ4&feature=youtu.be Crew Tribute: Tenerife Airport Disaster 2025-02-09 Airline Chronicles 2025-04-30 YouTube The second aircraft was a Cessna Citation 525-A. There were two German pilots aboard. The captain, 36-year-old Horst Königsmann, had approximately 5,000 total flight hours logged, of which roughly 2,400 were accumulated in the Citation. The first officer, 64-year-old Martin Schneider, had approximately 12,000 hours of flight experience, of which 2,000 hours were in the Citation.125 One of the passengers was Luca Fossati, chairman of Star – Stabilimento Alimentare S.p.A. and owner of the Citation.Henneberger Melinda 2001-10-09 Small Plane Collides With Jet on Milan Runway; 118 Die The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/09/world/small-plane-collides-with-jet-on-milan-runway-118-die.html 2020-01-23 0362-4331Boudreaux Richard 2001-10-10 Italy Probe Points to Cessna Pilot https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-oct-10-mn-55531-story.html 2021-09-04 Los Angeles Times Accident The accident occurred in thick fog, with visibility reduced to less than 200 m -1. The Cessna Citation was instructed to taxi from the western apron along the northern taxiway (taxiway R5),22 and then via the northern apron to the main taxiway which runs parallel to Runway 36R,24 a route that would have kept it clear of 36R. Instead, the pilot taxied along the southern taxi route (taxiway R6),23 crossing Runway 36R towards the main taxiway which lay beyond it (see diagram).24 At 08:09:28, the MD-87 was given clearance by a different controller to take off from Runway 36R.24–25 Fifty-three seconds later, the MD-87 aircraft, travelling at about 150 kn, collided with the Cessna. The right main landing gear and right engine of the MD-87 were detached on impact. The pilots advanced the throttles and were able to get airborne, reaching an approximate altitude of 35 feet and a maximum airspeed of 166 knots. They then reduced engine power after noticing a loss of thrust due to debris ingestion, and the aircraft made contact with the runway twelve seconds after becoming airborne. Gustafsson applied thrust reverser and brakes and tried to guide the plane through its control surfaces, but the aircraft exited the runway and collided with a luggage hangar located near the runway's end, at a speed of approximately 136 kn. The crash and subsequent fire killed all occupants of the MD-87. In addition, four Italian ground personnel in the hangar were killed and four more were injured.https://books.google.com/books?id=JnVIHbdF1B8C&q=58+were+italian+17+swedish+16+danish+6+finnish&pg=PA440 Forensic Anthropology and Medicine: Complementary Sciences From Recovery to Cause of Death Schmitt Aurore Cunha Eugenia Pinheiro João 2007-11-09 Springer Science & Business Media 978-1-59745-099-7 440 All occupants of the MD-87 were killed by blunt trauma from the impact with the hangar. Fifty-four of them, mainly in the back of the aircraft, suffered severe burns, requiring their bodies to be identified using forensic dentistry or DNA records.75 Causes The accident occurred less than a month after the September 11 attacks and the day after the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan began, but the Italian government was quick to rule out a terrorist attack as the cause.2001-10-08 Jets collide on Milan runway; 118 killed USA Today Associated Press https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2001/10/08/milan.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20011107091920/https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2001/10/08/milan.htm 2001-11-072001-10-08 Scores die in runway blaze BBC News http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1586126.stm 2023-11-162001-10-09 Broken radar was factor in Italian crash BBC News http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1587991.stm 2023-11-162001-10-09 SAS backs Linate over safety https://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/10/09/linate.safety/index.html 2023-11-16 CNN This was subsequently confirmed by the investigations that followed.125 The accident was investigated by the National Agency for the Safety of Flight (ANSV). The ANSV's final report was published on 20 January 2004 and concluded that the "immediate cause" of the accident was the incursion of the Cessna aircraft onto the active runway. However, the ANSV stopped short of placing the blame entirely on the Cessna pilots, who had become lost in the fog. Their report identified deficiencies in the airport layout and procedures. Final accident report http://www.ansv.it/En/Detail.asp?ID=177 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20131217221640/http://www.ansv.it/En/Detail.asp?ID=177 2013-12-17 2023-11-16 National Agency for the Safety of FlightItalian Report on the disaster it. Linate Airport was operating without a functioning ground radar system at the time, despite having had a new system approved on 30 March 1995. The previous system had been decommissioned on 29 November 1999, but the replacement had not been fully installed.45–46 The new system came online a few months later. Guidance signs along the taxiways were obscured, or badly worn, and were later found not to meet regulations. After the pilots mistakenly turned onto the R6 taxiway that led to the runway, there were no signs by which they could recognize where they were. When they stopped at a taxiway stop-marking, and correctly reported its identifier, S4, the ground controller disregarded this identification because it was not on his maps and was unknown to him. Motion sensing runway incursion alarms were present, but had been deactivated to prevent false alarms from ground vehicles or animals. The ground controller's verbal directions used terminology to designate aprons, taxiways, and runways, which did not match their on-the-ground signage and labels. Lastly, neither pilot of the Cessna was certified for landings with visibility less than 500 m, but had landed at the airport an hour before the disaster with a visibility reported by air traffic control of 100 m.125 Aftermath On 16 April 2004, a Milan court found four people guilty for the disaster. Airport director Vincenzo Fusco and air-traffic controller Paolo Zacchetti were both sentenced to eight years in prison. Francesco Federico, former head of the airport, and Sandro Gualano, former head of the air traffic control agency, received sentences of six-and-a-half years.https://www.comitato8ottobre.com/download/processo/it/86Sentenza%20LINATE%2015.7.04.doc Motivi Della Decisione Reasons for the Decision it DOC 28 December 2023 The pardon law issued by the Italian Parliament on 29 July 2006 reduced all convictions by three years. On 7 July 2006, Fusco and Federico were acquitted by the Milan Appeals Court. The controller Zacchetti's sentence was reduced to three years. In addition three more people were sentenced for multiple manslaughter and negligent disaster: former ENAV director general Fabio Marzocca to four years and four months, and former SEA airports agency officials Antonio Cavanna and Lorenzo Grecchi each to three years and three months. On 20 February 2008 the Supreme Court of Cassation upheld the acquittal of Fusco and Federico and confirmed five convictions.Landucci Roberto 2008-02-20 Court upholds 5 convictions in Italian air crash en Reuters https://www.reuters.com/article/italy-crash-idUSL2044808920080220 live https://web.archive.org/web/20210816155546/https://www.reuters.com/article/italy-crash-idUSL2044808920080220 2021-08-16 (Initially, in late 2002, eleven officials and functionaries had been charged with manslaughter.)December 28, 2002 Air Controllers Facing Charges in Milan Crash That Killed 118 A9 The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/2002/12/28/world/air-controllers-facing-charges-in-milan-crash-that-killed-118.html 0362-4331 The initial eight-year sentence for Zacchetti prompted outrage among air traffic controllers.ATC body blasts Linate verdicts https://www.flightglobal.com/atc-body-blasts-linate-verdicts/54188.article FlightGlobal 27 April 2004 His sentence has been questioned in aviation safety law commentary.Pellegrino Francesca The Just Culture Principles in Aviation Law: Towards a Safety-Oriented Approach 9 September 2019 Springer Nature Cham, Switzerland 978-3-030-23177-4 86–88 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23178-1 4.1.1: Just Culture vs Blame Culture in Aviation - the Linate Disaster" Legal Studies in International, European and Comparative Criminal Law 3 10.1007/978-3-030-23178-1 203112177 Victims NationalitySAS 686CessnaGroundTotalPassengersCrewPassengersCrew Denmark 16 3 0 0 0 19 Finland 6 0 0 0 0 6 Germany 0 0 0 2 0 2 Italy 58 0 2 0 4 64 Norway 3 0 0 0 0 3 Romania 1 0 0 0 0 1 South Africa 1 0 0 0 0 1 Sweden 17 3 0 0 0 20 United Kingdom 2* 0 0 0 0 2 Total 104 6 2 2 4 118 * One passenger listed as a Briton by SAS held United Kingdom and United States citizenships. thumb|240px|The memorial sculpture Infinity Pain Victims of the crash included nationals of nine different countries.10 October 2001 British plane crash victims named BBC News http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1591060.stm live 20 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20141124042218/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1591060.stm 24 November 2014Passenger and Crew List Scandinavian Airlines Flight SK 686 8 October 2001 Scandinavian Airlines 12 May 2010 http://feed.ne.cision.com/wpyfs/00/00/00/00/00/02/2D/36/bit0001.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20160204191507/http://feed.ne.cision.com/wpyfs/00/00/00/00/00/02/2D/36/bit0001.pdf 4 February 2016SK686 Update: Nationality Distribution 10 October 2001 Scandinavian Airlines http://feed.ne.cision.com/wpyfs/00/00/00/00/00/02/2E/6E/bit0001.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20160204191507/http://feed.ne.cision.com/wpyfs/00/00/00/00/00/02/2E/6E/bit0001.pdf 4 February 2016 12 May 2010 Most of the victims were Italian and Scandinavian. Four memorial services were held in honour of the SAS MD-87 victims. On 12 October 2001, three separate ceremonies were held, with one in Denmark, one in Norway, and one in Sweden. On 13 October, a fourth ceremony was held in Italy.Memorial Service for the Causalities in Milan 11 October 2001 Scandinavian Airlines http://feed.ne.cision.com/wpyfs/00/00/00/00/00/02/2F/1E/bit0001.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20160204191508/http://feed.ne.cision.com/wpyfs/00/00/00/00/00/02/2F/1E/bit0001.pdf 4 February 2016 12 May 2010 In March 2002, a forest containing 118 beech trees called Beech Forest (it Bosco dei Faggi) was inaugurated as a memorial to the victims in the Forlanini Park near the airport.Inaugurazione del Bosco dei Faggi https://www.comitato8ottobre.com/it/news/207/inaugurazione-del-bosco-dei-faggi.html 2025-02-19 comitato8ottobre.com A sculpture by the Swedish artist Christer Bording donated by SAS, called Infinity Pain, was placed in the centre of the forest.Comitato 8 Ottobre per non dimenticare http://www.comitato8ottobre.com/news.asp?tipo=comitato&id=368 comitato8ottobre.com 17 November 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20140415102316/http://www.comitato8ottobre.com/news.asp?tipo=comitato&id=368 15 April 2014 it 14 Feb 2008 dead The disaster devastated the Swedish go-kart community as some of the country's most promising young drivers were on the flight after attending an event in Lonato. After the disaster, the Swedish national motorsports club started a memorial fund together with some of the relatives. The fund awards annual stipends to promising Swedish youth in go-kart.Välkommen till Anecto Racing Minnesfond Welcome to the Anecto Racing Memorial Fund http://www.anectoracing.se/ dead https://web.archive.org/web/20140223113802/http://www.anectoracing.se/ 23 February 2014 9 February 2009 Anecto Racing Anecto Racing Memorial fund sv Dramatization In 2012 the accident was featured on the 11th season of the Discovery Channel Canada / National Geographic TV series Mayday, in an episode entitled "The Invisible Plane". The episode featured interviews with accident investigators, and a dramatization of the crash and investigation.The Invisible Plane Mayday Discovery Channel Canada / National Geographic Channel 11 2012 See also Other runway incursions that occurred in fog: Tenerife airport disaster 1983 Madrid Airport runway collision 1983 Anchorage runway collision 1990 Wayne County Airport runway collision References 33em ANSV final report: http://www.havkom.se/assets/reports/Swedish/FINALREPORTA-1-04Linate.pdf Accident Boeing MD-87 SE-DMA Cessna 525-A D-IEVX Milano Linate airport October 8, 2001 National Agency for the Safety of Flight A-1-04 20 January 2004 8 July 2011 External links National Agency for the Safety of Flight Milano Linate, ground collision between Boeing MD-87, registration SE-DMA and Cessna 525-A, registration D-IEVX (Archive) Final report https://web.archive.org/web/20170523101005/http://www.havkom.se/assets/reports/Swedish/FINALREPORTA-1-04Linate.pdf 23 May 2017 (Archive) Milano Linate, collisione a terra tra Boeing MD-87, marche SE-DMA e Cessna 525-A, marche D-IEVX (Archive) it – the Italian version is the report of record. Final report (Archive) it CVR Transcript (Archive) Scandinavian Airlines Regarding Scandinavian Airlines flight SK 686 (1) Regarding Scandinavian Airlines flight SK 686 (2) Statement on Accident SK 686 Routed Milan – Copenhagen (3) Information about SK 686 Milan – Copenhagen Accident (4) Passenger and Crew List Scandinavian Airlines Flight SK 686 (5) Press Conference regarding flight SK 686 (6) Information about SK 686 Milan – Copenhagen Accident (7) SK686 Update: Nationality Distribution (8) Memorial Service for the casualties in Milan (9) Other Cockpit Voice Recorder transcript and accident summary 20011008-0 Scandinavian Airlines Flight 686 20011008-1 Cessna 525A Looking back at Linate https://web.archive.org/web/20051120181603/http://www.iasa.com.au/folders/Safety_Issues/RiskManagement/Linatelookingback.html 20 November 2005 xkrd3XFHDsc Analyst of incident and review of the ANSV Final Report by a commercial aircraft pilot and training captain Aviation Italy Denmark Norway Sweden Category:2001 disasters in Italy Category:Airliner accidents and incidents involving ground collisions Category:Airliner accidents and incidents caused by pilot error Category:Airliner accidents and incidents involving fog Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in 2001 Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in Italy Category:History of the Italian Republic Category:Runway incursions Category:Scandinavian Airlines accidents and incidents Category:Aviation accidents and incidents involving the McDonnell Douglas MD-87 Category:Aviation accidents and incidents involving the Cessna Citation family Category:Aviation accidents and incidents caused by air traffic controller error Category:Disasters in Milan Category:2000s in Milan Category:October 2001 in Italy Category:Transport in Milan